filings.toolsItem 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
(Tabular dollars are presented in millions, except per share amounts)
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This document and other written or oral statements made from time to time by Automatic Data Processing, Inc., its subsidiaries and variable interest entity (“ADP” or the “Company”) may contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements that are not historical in nature and which may be identified by the use of words like "outlook", “expects,” “assumes,” “projects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “we believe,” “could,” “is designed to” and other words of similar meaning, are forward-looking statements. These statements are based on management’s expectations and assumptions and depend upon or refer to future events or conditions and are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements or that could contribute to such difference include: ADP's success in obtaining and retaining clients, and selling additional services to clients; the pricing of products and services; the success of our new solutions; our ability to respond successfully to changes in technology, including artificial intelligence; compliance with existing or new legislation or regulations; changes in, or interpretations of, existing legislation or regulations; overall market, political and economic conditions, including interest rate and foreign currency trends and inflation; competitive conditions; our ability to maintain our current credit ratings and the impact on our funding costs and profitability; security or cyber breaches, fraudulent acts, and system interruptions and failures; employment and wage levels; availability of skilled associates; the impact of new acquisitions and divestitures; the adequacy, effectiveness and success of our business transformation initiatives and the impact of any uncertainties related to major natural disasters or catastrophic events; and supply-chain disruptions. ADP disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law. These risks and uncertainties, along with the risk factors discussed under “Item 1A. - Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 (“fiscal 2024”), and in other written or oral statements made from time to time by ADP, should be considered in evaluating any forward-looking statements contained herein.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES
In addition to our U.S. GAAP results, we use adjusted results and other non-GAAP metrics to evaluate our operating performance in the absence of certain items and for planning and forecasting of future periods. Adjusted EBIT, adjusted EBIT margin, adjusted net earnings, adjusted diluted earnings per share, adjusted effective tax rate and organic constant currency are all non-GAAP financial measures. Please refer to the accompanying financial tables in the “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section for a discussion of why ADP believes these measures are important and for a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures to their comparable GAAP financial measures.
EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
We are a leading global provider of cloud-based Human Capital Management (“HCM”) technology solutions to employers around the world. Our HCM solutions, which include both software and outsourcing services, are designed to help our clients manage their workforce through a dynamic business and regulatory landscape and the changing world of work. We continuously seek to enhance our leading HCM solutions to further support our clients. We see tremendous opportunity ahead as we focus on our three key Strategic Priorities: Leading with Best-in-Class HCM technology, Providing Unmatched Expertise and Outsourcing Solutions, and Leveraging our Global Scale for the Benefit of our Clients. Executing on our Strategic Priorities will be critical to enabling our growth in the years ahead.
During the third quarter, we continued to make meaningful progress on our Strategic Priorities. We continued to integrate WorkForce Software, which we acquired in October, into our global HCM ecosystem to better serve mid-sized and large, global enterprises. We augmented our global payroll capabilities by acquiring PEI (Procesamiento Externo de Informacion, S.C.) in Mexico in January, enhancing the experience provided to our local and global clients and we continued to make broad-based improvements to our products and overall client experience resulting in continued improvement in client satisfaction scores.
Highlights from the nine months ended March 31, 2025 include:
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Revenue growth of 7% to $15,434.1 million; 7% organic constant currency
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Earnings before income taxes margin expansion of 50 bps, and adjusted EBIT margin expansion of 60 bps
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Diluted and adjusted diluted earnings per share ("EPS") growth of 10% and 9%, respectively, to $7.75
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Cash returned via shareholder friendly actions of $2.8B, including $1.8B of dividends and $1.0B of share repurchases; including increasing our dividend for the 50th consecutive year
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Closed the PEI (Procesamiento Externo de Informacion, S.C.) acquisition in January
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Closed the WorkForce Software acquisition in October and progressed on integration efforts
For the nine months ended March 31, 2025, we delivered solid revenue growth of 7%, 7% organic constant currency. Our pays per control metric, which represents the number of employees on ADP clients' payrolls in the United States when measured on a same-store-sales basis for a subset of clients ranging from small to large businesses, grew 1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2024. PEO average worksite employees increased 3% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2024.
We have a strong business model, generating significant cash flows with low capital intensity, and offer a suite of products that provide critical support to our clients’ HCM functions. We generate sufficient free cash flow to satisfy our cash dividend and our modest debt obligations, which enables us to absorb the impact of downturns and remain steadfast in our re-investments, longer term strategy, and commitments to shareholder friendly actions. We are committed to building upon our past successes by investing in our business through enhancements in research and development and by driving meaningful transformation in the way we operate. Our financial condition remained solid at March 31, 2025, leaving us well positioned to support our clients and our associates.
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS
Total Revenues
For the three and nine months ended March 31, respectively:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenues | $ | 5,553.0 | $ | 5,253.8 | $ | 15,434.1 | $ | 14,434.1 | |||||||||||||||
| YoY Growth | 6 | % | 7 | % | 7 | % | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||
| YoY Growth, Organic Constant Currency | 6 | % | 6 | % | 7 | % | 6 | % |
Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased due to new business started from New Business Bookings, strong client retention, an increase in zero-margin benefits pass-throughs, an increase in pricing, an increase in interest on funds held for clients, and the impact from the WorkForce Software acquisition, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency.
Total revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased due to new business started from New Business Bookings, strong client retention, an increase in zero-margin benefits pass-throughs, an increase in pricing, an increase in interest on funds held for clients, and the impact from the WorkForce Software acquisition.
Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 include interest on funds held for clients of $355.2 million, as compared to $320.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in the interest earned on funds held for clients resulted from an increase in our average client funds balances of 6.7% to $44.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and an increase in our average interest rate earned to 3.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 3.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
Total revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 include interest on funds held for clients of $881.3 million, as compared to $747.9 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in the interest earned on funds held for clients resulted from an increase in our average interest rate earned to 3.1% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 2.8% for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, and an increase in our average client funds balances of 6.6% to $37.5 billion for the nine months ended March 31, 2025.
Total Expenses
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | % Change | 2025 | 2024 | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Costs of revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses | $ | 2,534.7 | $ | 2,406.5 | 5 | % | $ | 7,196.6 | $ | 6,777.4 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | 247.1 | 242.7 | 2 | % | 719.2 | 707.8 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 122.4 | 119.0 | 3 | % | 364.6 | 359.9 | 1 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total costs of revenues | 2,904.2 | 2,768.2 | 5 | % | 8,280.4 | 7,845.1 | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 1,015.8 | 940.9 | 8 | % | 2,948.6 | 2,743.6 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 74.8 | 62.7 | 19 | % | 342.2 | 259.2 | 32 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | $ | 3,994.8 | $ | 3,771.8 | 6 | % | $ | 11,571.2 | $ | 10,847.9 | 7 | % |
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, operating expenses increased primarily due to an increase of $73.7 million of PEO Services zero-margin benefits pass-through costs from $1,016.3 million to $1,090.0 million. Additionally, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 operating expenses increased by $28.8 million due to higher service and implementation costs in support
of our growing revenue and by $23.9 million due to an increase in costs related to workers' compensation coverage and state unemployment taxes for worksite employees.
For the nine months ended March 31, 2025, operating expenses increased primarily due to an increase of $230.7 million of PEO Services zero-margin benefits pass-through costs from $2,963.7 million to $3,194.4 million. Additionally, for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 operating expenses increased by $89.5 million due to higher service and implementation costs in support of our growing revenue and by $54.2 million due to an increase in costs related to workers' compensation coverage and state unemployment taxes for worksite employees.
Research and development expenses increased for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 due to the WorkForce Software acquisition, and increased costs to develop, support, and maintain our new and existing products, partially offset by efficiencies from workforce optimization efforts initiated in the prior year and an increase in the capitalizable spend related to the integration of GenAI into our products, as compared to the prior year.
Depreciation and amortization expenses increased for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 due to the WorkForce Software acquisition and amortization of new investments in internally developed software primarily for our next-gen products and purchased software, partially offset by lower amortization of customer contracts and lists.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to increases in selling and marketing expenses of $41.5 million and $115.3 million, respectively, as a result of investments in our sales organization, and an increase from acquisition related costs.
Interest expense increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to the issuance of $1.0 billion of senior notes during the first quarter ended September 30, 2024.
Interest expense increased for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to a higher volume of average commercial paper borrowings of $4.2 billion and reverse repurchase borrowings of $2.8 billion, as compared to $3.6 billion and $1.5 billion, respectively, for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, and the issuance of $1.0 billion of senior notes during the first quarter ended September 30, 2024, partially offset by a decrease in average interest rates of 40 basis points for commercial paper and reverse repurchase borrowings.
Other (Income)/Expense, net
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income on corporate funds | $ | (55.9) | $ | (55.9) | $ | — | $ | (231.5) | $ | (159.3) | $ | 72.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Realized losses on available-for-sale securities, net | 0.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 5.2 | 4.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gain on sale of assets | — | (1.2) | (1.2) | (2.4) | (17.1) | (14.7) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-service components of pension income, net | (7.9) | (8.4) | (0.5) | (23.4) | (25.6) | (2.2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other income, net | $ | (63.7) | $ | (64.3) | $ | (0.6) | $ | (256.5) | $ | (196.8) | $ | 59.7 |
Interest income on corporate funds remained flat for the three months ended March 31, 2025 due to higher average investment balances of $6.3 billion as compared to $5.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2024, offset by a decrease in average interest rates of 40 basis points.
Interest income on corporate funds increased for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 due to higher average investment balances of $9.0 billion as compared to $6.8 billion for the nine months ended March 31, 2024, coupled with an increase in average interest rates of 30 basis points.
See Note 12 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for further details on non-service components of pension income, net.
Earnings Before Income Taxes ("EBIT") and Adjusted EBIT
For the three and nine months ended March 31:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | YoY Growth | 2025 | 2024 | YoY Growth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT | $ | 1,621.9 | $ | 1,546.3 | 5 | % | $ | 4,119.4 | $ | 3,783.0 | 9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBIT Margin | 29.2 | % | 29.4 | % | (20) bps | 26.7 | % | 26.2 | % | 50 bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBIT | $ | 1,629.7 | $ | 1,538.7 | 6 | % | $ | 4,134.2 | $ | 3,779.1 | 9 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBIT Margin | 29.3 | % | 29.3 | % | 10 bps | 26.8 | % | 26.2 | % | 60 bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: Numbers may not foot due to rounding.
Earnings before income taxes increased for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, due to the components discussed above.
EBIT Margin decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, due to unfavorable impacts from interest expense, acquisition related expenses, and selling and marketing expenses, partially offset by contributions from client funds interest revenues discussed above and operating efficiencies for costs of servicing and implementing our clients on growing revenue.
EBIT Margin increased for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, due to contributions from client funds interest revenues discussed above, increased interest income on corporate funds, and operating efficiencies for costs of servicing and implementing our clients on growing revenue, partially offset by increased interest expense and acquisition related expenses.
Adjusted EBIT and Adjusted EBIT margin exclude interest income and interest expense that are not related to our client funds extended investment strategy, legal settlements, and net charges related to our broad-based transformation initiatives, in the applicable periods.
Provision for Income Taxes
The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 23.0% and 23.4%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a benefit for a decrease in uncertain tax position activity and a higher excess tax benefit on stock-based compensation in the three months ended March 31, 2025, partially offset by the benefits of an intercompany transfer of certain assets in the three months ended March 31, 2024.
The effective tax rate for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 23.1% and 22.7%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a benefit for adjustments to prior year tax liabilities and a valuation allowance release in the nine months ended March 31, 2024.
Adjusted Provision for Income Taxes
The adjusted effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 23.0% and 23.4%, respectively. The drivers of the adjusted effective tax rate are the same as the drivers of the effective tax rate discussed above.
The adjusted effective tax rate for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was 23.1% and 22.7%, respectively. The drivers of the adjusted effective tax rate are the same as the drivers of the effective tax rate discussed above.
Net Earnings and Diluted EPS, Unadjusted and Adjusted
For the three and nine months ended March 31:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | YoY Growth | 2025 | 2024 | YoY Growth | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | $ | 1,249.5 | $ | 1,184.9 | 5 | % | $ | 3,169.0 | $ | 2,922.7 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 3.06 | $ | 2.88 | 6 | % | $ | 7.75 | $ | 7.07 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net earnings | $ | 1,249.6 | $ | 1,186.0 | 5 | % | $ | 3,168.8 | $ | 2,926.4 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted diluted EPS | $ | 3.06 | $ | 2.88 | 6 | % | $ | 7.75 | $ | 7.08 | 9 | % |
For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, net earnings reflect the changes described above in our earnings before income taxes and our effective tax rate.
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, in addition to the increase in net earnings, diluted EPS increased as a result of the impact of fewer shares outstanding resulting from the repurchase of approximately 1.0 million shares during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 1.2 million shares during the three months ended March 31, 2024, partially offset by the issuances of shares under our employee benefit plans.
For the nine months ended March 31, 2025, in addition to the increase in net earnings, diluted EPS increased as a result of the impact of fewer shares outstanding resulting from the repurchase of approximately 3.4 million shares during the nine months ended March 31, 2025, and 3.3 million shares during the nine months ended March 31, 2024, partially offset by the issuances of shares under our employee benefit plans.
ANALYSIS OF REPORTABLE SEGMENTS
| Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | % Change | Nine Months Ended | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | As Reported | Organic constant currency | 2025 | 2024 | As Reported | Organic constant currency | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer Services | $ | 3,767.9 | $ | 3,590.7 | 5 | % | 5 | % | $ | 10,417.4 | $ | 9,762.3 | 7 | % | 6 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PEO Services | 1,788.5 | 1,665.6 | 7 | % | 7 | % | 5,026.3 | 4,681.2 | 7 | % | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (3.4) | (2.5) | n/m | n/m | (9.6) | (9.4) | n/m | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 5,553.0 | $ | 5,253.8 | 6 | % | 6 | % | $ | 15,434.1 | $ | 14,434.1 | 7 | % | 7 | % |
| Earnings before Income Taxes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | % Change | Nine Months Ended | % Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | As Reported | 2025 | 2024 | As Reported | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer Services | $ | 1,500.1 | $ | 1,421.7 | 6 | % | $ | 3,847.3 | $ | 3,492.1 | 10 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PEO Services | 253.3 | 235.9 | 7 | % | 730.6 | 713.8 | 2 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (131.5) | (111.3) | n/m | (458.5) | (422.9) | n/m | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,621.9 | $ | 1,546.3 | 5 | % | $ | 4,119.4 | $ | 3,783.0 | 9 | % |
| Margin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | YoY Growth | 2025 | 2024 | YoY Growth | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer Services | 39.8 | % | 39.6 | % | 20 bps | 36.9 | % | 35.8 | % | 120 bps | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PEO Services | 14.2 | % | 14.2 | % | 0 bps | 14.5 | % | 15.2 | % | (70) bps |
n/m - not meaningful
Note: Numbers may not foot due to rounding.
Employer Services
Revenues
Revenues increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 due to new business started from New Business Bookings, strong client retention, an increase in pricing, an increase in interest earned on funds held for clients, an increase in our pays per control of 1% for each period, and the impact from the WorkForce Software acquisition, partially offset by impact of foreign currency.
Revenues increased for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 due to new business started from New Business Bookings, strong client retention, an increase in pricing, an increase in interest earned on funds held for clients, an increase in our pays per control of 1% for each period, and the impact from the WorkForce Software acquisition.
Earnings before Income Taxes
Employer Services' earnings before income taxes increased 6% and 10% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, due to contributions from client funds interest revenues discussed above, and operating efficiencies for costs of servicing and implementing our clients on growing revenue, partially offset by increased selling and marketing expenses.
Margin
Employer Services' margin increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025, due to contributions from client funds interest revenues discussed above and operating efficiencies for costs of servicing and implementing our clients on growing revenue, partially offset by increased selling and marketing expenses and acquisition related expenses.
Employer Services' margin increased for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, due to contributions from operating efficiencies for costs of servicing and implementing our clients on growing revenue, and client funds interest revenues discussed above, partially offset by acquisition related expenses.
PEO Services
Revenues
| PEO Revenues | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended | Change | Nine Months Ended | Change | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PEO Services' revenues | $ | 1,788.5 | $ | 1,665.6 | $ | 122.9 | 7 | % | $ | 5,026.3 | $ | 4,681.2 | $ | 345.1 | 7 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Less: PEO zero-margin benefits pass-throughs | 1,090.0 | 1,016.3 | 73.7 | 7 | % | 3,194.4 | 2,963.7 | 230.7 | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| PEO Services' revenues excluding zero-margin benefits pass-throughs | $ | 698.5 | $ | 649.3 | $ | 49.2 | 8 | % | $ | 1,831.9 | $ | 1,717.5 | $ | 114.4 | 7 | % |
PEO Services' revenue increased for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, due to the increase in zero-margin benefits pass-throughs, and an increase in average worksite employees of 2% and 3%, respectively, as compared to the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024.
Earnings before Income Taxes
PEO Services' earnings before income taxes increased 7% and 2% for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, due to increased revenues discussed above, partially offset by increases in zero-margin benefits pass-through costs, operating costs related to workers' compensation and state unemployment insurance, and selling and marketing expenses, as compared to the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024.
Margin
PEO Services' margin remained flat for the three months ended March 31, 2025, due to an increase in the pre-tax benefit from ADP Indemnity and operating efficiencies for costs of servicing and implementing our clients on growing revenue, offset by an increase in zero-margin benefits pass-through costs, operating costs related to workers' compensation and state unemployment insurance, and selling and marketing expenses.
PEO Services' margin decreased for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, due to increases in zero-margin benefits pass-through costs, operating costs related to workers' compensation and state unemployment insurance, and selling and marketing expenses.
ADP Indemnity provides workers’ compensation and employer’s liability deductible reimbursement insurance protection for PEO Services’ worksite employees up to $1 million per occurrence. PEO Services has secured a workers’ compensation and employer’s liability insurance policy that caps the exposure for each claim at $1 million per occurrence and has also secured aggregate stop loss insurance that caps aggregate losses at a certain level in fiscal years 2012 and prior from an admitted and licensed insurance company of AIG. We utilize historical loss experience and actuarial judgment to determine the estimated claim liability, and changes in estimated ultimate incurred losses are included in the PEO segment.
Additionally, starting in fiscal year 2013, ADP Indemnity paid premiums to enter into reinsurance arrangements with ACE American Insurance Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Chubb Limited (“Chubb”), to cover substantially all losses incurred by the Company up to the $1 million per occurrence related to the workers' compensation and employer's liability deductible reimbursement insurance protection for PEO Services' worksite employees. Each of these reinsurance arrangements limits our overall exposure incurred up to a certain limit. The Company believes the likelihood of ultimate losses exceeding this limit is remote. ADP Indemnity recorded a pre-tax benefit of approximately $5.6 million and $9.7 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, as compared to approximately $1.6 million and $6.1 million for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively. The pre-tax benefit for the three months and nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily a result of more favorable actuarial loss development in workers’ compensation reserves as compared to the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024. In July 2024, ADP Indemnity paid a premium of $276 million to enter into a reinsurance arrangement with Chubb to cover substantially all losses incurred by ADP Indemnity for the fiscal 2025 policy year on terms substantially similar to the fiscal 2024 reinsurance policy.
Other
The primary components of “Other” are certain corporate overhead charges and expenses that have not been allocated to the reportable segments, including corporate functions, costs related to our transformation office, severance costs, non-recurring gains and losses, the elimination of intercompany transactions, and other interest income and expense.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
In addition to our U.S. GAAP results, we use the adjusted results and other non-GAAP metrics set forth in the table below to evaluate our operating performance in the absence of certain items and for planning and forecasting of future periods:
| Adjusted Financial Measure | U.S. GAAP Measures | |||||||
| Adjusted EBIT | Net earnings | |||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | Provision for income taxes | |||||||
| Adjusted net earnings | Net earnings | |||||||
| Adjusted diluted earnings per share | Diluted earnings per share | |||||||
| Adjusted effective tax rate | Effective tax rate | |||||||
| Organic constant currency | Revenues | |||||||
We believe that the exclusion of the identified items helps us reflect the fundamentals of our underlying business model and analyze results against our expectations and against prior period, and to plan for future periods by focusing on our underlying operations. We believe that the adjusted results provide relevant and useful information for investors because it allows investors to view performance in a manner similar to the method used by management and improves their ability to understand and assess our operating performance. The nature of these exclusions is for specific items that are not fundamental to our underlying business operations. Since these adjusted financial measures and other non-GAAP metrics are not measures of performance calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, they should not be considered in isolation from, as a substitute for, or superior to their corresponding U.S. GAAP measures, and they may not be comparable to similarly titled measures at other companies.
| Three Months Ended | % Change | Nine Months Ended | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | As Reported | 2025 | 2024 | As Reported | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | $ | 1,249.5 | $ | 1,184.9 | 5 | % | $ | 3,169.0 | $ | 2,922.7 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | 372.4 | 361.4 | 950.4 | 860.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other interest expense (a) | 29.3 | 17.8 | 79.5 | 53.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| All other interest income (a) | (21.6) | (26.9) | (64.4) | (62.3) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transformation initiatives | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 4.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlements (b) | — | — | (0.4) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBIT | $ | 1,629.7 | $ | 1,538.7 | 6 | % | $ | 4,134.2 | $ | 3,779.1 | 9 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBIT Margin | 29.3 | % | 29.3 | % | 26.8 | % | 26.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for income taxes | $ | 372.4 | $ | 361.4 | 3 | % | $ | 950.4 | $ | 860.3 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transformation initiatives (c) | — | 0.4 | — | 1.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlements (c) | — | — | (0.1) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted provision for income taxes | $ | 372.4 | $ | 361.8 | 3 | % | $ | 950.3 | $ | 861.5 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted effective tax rate (d) | 23.0 | % | 23.4 | % | 23.1 | % | 22.7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net earnings | $ | 1,249.5 | $ | 1,184.9 | 5 | % | $ | 3,169.0 | $ | 2,922.7 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transformation initiatives | 0.1 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 4.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit)/provision for transformation initiatives (c) | — | (0.4) | — | (1.2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlements (b) | — | — | (0.4) | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit)/provision for legal settlements (c) | — | — | 0.1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted net earnings | $ | 1,249.6 | $ | 1,186.0 | 5 | % | $ | 3,168.8 | $ | 2,926.4 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted EPS | $ | 3.06 | $ | 2.88 | 6 | % | $ | 7.75 | $ | 7.07 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transformation initiatives (c) | — | — | — | 0.01 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Legal settlements (b) (c) | — | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjusted diluted EPS | $ | 3.06 | $ | 2.88 | 6 | % | $ | 7.75 | $ | 7.08 | 9 | % |
(a) In Adjusted EBIT, we include the interest income earned on investments associated with our client funds extended investment strategy and interest expense on borrowings related to our client funds extended investment strategy as we believe these amounts to be fundamental to the underlying operations of our business model. The adjustments in the table above represent the interest income and interest expense that are not related to our client funds extended investment strategy and are labeled as “All other interest expense” and “All other interest income.”
(b) Represents a reserve reversal of a legal matter from fiscal 2023 previously recorded as an adjustment to EBIT.
(c) The income tax (benefit)/provision was calculated based on the annualized marginal rate in effect during the quarter of the adjustment.
(d) The Adjusted effective tax rate is calculated as our Adjusted provision for income taxes divided by the sum of our Adjusted net earnings plus our Adjusted provision for income taxes.
The following table reconciles our reported growth rates to the non-GAAP measure of organic constant currency, which excludes the impact of acquisitions, the impact of dispositions, and the impact of foreign currency. The impact of acquisitions and dispositions is calculated by excluding the current year revenues of acquisitions until the one-year anniversary of the transaction and by excluding the prior year revenues of divestitures for the one-year period preceding the transaction. The
impact of foreign currency is determined by calculating the current year result using foreign exchange rates consistent with the prior year. The PEO segment is not impacted by acquisitions, dispositions or foreign currency.
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenue growth as reported | 6 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of acquisitions | (1) | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of foreign currency | 1 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated revenue growth, organic constant currency | 6 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer Services revenue growth as reported | 5 | % | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of acquisitions | (1) | % | (1) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Impact of foreign currency | 1 | % | — | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer Services revenue growth, organic constant currency | 5 | % | 6 | % |
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCE****S
At March 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents were $2.7 billion, which were primarily invested in time deposits and money market funds.
For corporate liquidity, we expect existing cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, cash flow from operations together with our $10.3 billion of committed credit facilities and our ability to access both long-term and short-term debt financing from the capital markets will be adequate to meet our operating, investing, and financing activities such as regular quarterly dividends, share repurchases, acquisitions and capital expenditures for the foreseeable future. Our financial condition remains solid at March 31, 2025 and we have sufficient liquidity.
For client funds liquidity, we have the ability to borrow through our financing arrangements under our U.S. short-term commercial paper program and our U.S., Canadian and United Kingdom short-term reverse repurchase agreements ($7.3 billion of which is available on a committed basis in the U.S. as of March 31, 2025), together with our $10.3 billion of committed credit facilities and our ability to use corporate liquidity when necessary to meet short-term funding requirements related to client funds obligations. Please see “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” for a further discussion of the risks related to our client funds extended investment strategy. See Note 10 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our short-term financing including commercial paper.
Operating, Investing and Financing Cash Flows
Our cash flows from operating, investing, and financing activities, as reflected in the Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, are summarized as follows:
| Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | $ Change | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash provided by / (used in): | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 3,500.5 | $ | 2,857.0 | $ | 643.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Investing activities | (3,458.2) | (1,171.8) | (2,286.4) | |||||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | (1,916.4) | 9,683.8 | (11,600.2) | |||||||||||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | (12.7) | (15.7) | 3.0 | |||||||||||||||||
| Net change in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and restricted cash equivalents | $ | (1,886.8) | $ | 11,353.3 | $ | (13,240.1) |
Net cash flows provided by operating activities increased due to an increase in growth in our business and timing on collections of accounts receivables, partially offset by a reduction in operational accruals due to timing, as compared to the nine months ended March 31, 2024.
Net cash flows used in investing activities changed primarily due to the acquisition of Workforce Software with a net cash disbursement of $1,158.3 million and the timing of purchases and proceeds of corporate and client funds marketable securities of $1,132.4 million.
Net cash flows used in financing activities changed due to a net decrease in the cash flow from client funds obligations of $10,365.2 million, which is due to the timing of impounds from our clients and payments to our clients' employees and other payees, and a net decrease in cash distributed from the Internal Revenue Service as of March 31, 2025, which is processed to our clients, partially offset by proceeds from the issuance of debt.
From time to time, the Company may repurchase shares of its common stock under its authorized share repurchase program. The Company considers several factors in determining when to execute share repurchases, including, among other things, actual and potential acquisition activity, cash balances and cash flows, issuances due to employee benefit plan activity, and market conditions. We purchased approximately 3.4 million shares of our common stock at an average price per share of $283.14 during the nine months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to purchases of 3.3 million shares at an average price per share of $242.02 during the nine months ended March 31, 2024.
Capital Resources and Client Funds Obligations
We have $4.0 billion of senior unsecured notes with maturity dates in 2025, 2028, 2030 and 2034. We may from time to time revisit the long-term debt market to refinance existing debt, finance investments including acquisitions for our growth, and maintain the appropriate capital structure. However, there can be no assurance that volatility in the global capital and credit markets would not impair our ability to access these markets on terms acceptable to us, or at all. See Note 11 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our long-term financing.
Our U.S. short-term funding requirements primarily related to client funds are sometimes obtained on an unsecured basis through the issuance of commercial paper, rather than liquidating previously-collected client funds that have already been invested in available-for-sale securities. This commercial paper program provides for the issuance of up to $10.3 billion in aggregate maturity value. Our commercial paper program is rated A-1+ by Standard & Poor’s, Prime-1 (“P-1”) by Moody’s and F1+ by Fitch. These ratings denote the highest quality commercial paper securities. Maturities of commercial paper can range
from overnight to up to 364 days. At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company had no commercial paper borrowing outstanding. Details of the borrowings under the commercial paper program are as follows:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average daily borrowings (in billions) | $ | 3.3 | $ | 2.7 | $ | 4.2 | $ | 3.6 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average interest rates | 4.4 | % | 5.4 | % | 4.9 | % | 5.3 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average maturity (approximately in days) | 2 days | 2 days | 2 days | 2 days |
Our U.S., Canadian, and United Kingdom short-term funding requirements related to client funds obligations are sometimes obtained on a secured basis through the use of reverse repurchase agreements, which are collateralized principally by government and government agency securities, rather than liquidating previously-collected client funds that have already been invested in available-for-sale securities. These agreements generally have terms ranging from overnight to up to five business days. We have successfully borrowed through the use of reverse repurchase agreements on an as-needed basis to meet short-term funding requirements related to client funds obligations. As of March 31, 2025, we have $7.3 billion available to us on a committed basis under the U.S. reverse repurchase agreements. At March 31, 2025, the Company had no outstanding obligations related to reverse repurchase agreements. At June 30, 2024, the Company had $385.4 million of outstanding obligations related to reverse repurchase agreements which were fully paid in early July 2024. Details of the reverse repurchase agreements are as follows:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average outstanding balances (in billions) | $ | 0.9 | $ | 0.6 | $ | 2.8 | $ | 1.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Weighted average interest rates | 4.1 | % | 5.4 | % | 4.9 | % | 5.4 | % |
We vary the maturities of our committed credit facilities to limit the refinancing risk of any one facility. We have a $4.55 billion, 364-day credit agreement that matures in June 2025 with a one year term-out option. In addition, we have a five-year $2.25 billion credit facility and a five-year $3.5 billion credit facility maturing in June 2028 and June 2029, respectively, each with an accordion feature under which the aggregate commitment can be increased by $500 million, subject to the availability of additional commitments. The primary uses of the credit facilities are to provide liquidity to the commercial paper program and funding for general corporate purposes, if necessary. We had no borrowings through March 31, 2025 under the credit facilities. We believe that we currently meet all conditions set forth in the revolving credit agreements to borrow thereunder and we are not aware of any conditions that would prevent us from borrowing part or all of the $10.3 billion available to us under the revolving credit agreements. See Note 10 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our short-term financing, including credit facilities.
Our investment portfolio does not contain any asset-backed securities with underlying collateral of sub-prime mortgages, alternative-A mortgages, sub-prime auto loans or sub-prime home equity loans, collateralized debt obligations, collateralized loan obligations, credit default swaps, derivatives, auction rate securities, structured investment vehicles or non-investment grade fixed-income securities. We own AAA-rated senior tranches of primarily fixed rate auto loan, credit card, and equipment lease receivables, secured predominantly by prime collateral. All collateral on asset-backed securities has performed as expected through March 31, 2025. In addition, we own U.S. government securities which primarily include debt directly issued by Federal Farm Credit Banks and Federal Home Loan Banks. Our client funds investment strategy is structured to allow us to average our way through an interest rate cycle by laddering the maturities of our investments out to five years (in the case of the extended portfolio) and out to ten years (in the case of the long portfolio). This investment strategy is supported by our short-term financing arrangements necessary to satisfy short-term funding requirements relating to client funds obligations. See Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our corporate investments and funds held for clients.
Capital expenditures for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $139.9 million, as compared to $151.6 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2024. We expect capital expenditures in fiscal 2025 to be between $180.0 million and $200.0 million, as compared to $211.7 million in fiscal 2024.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our overall investment portfolio is comprised of corporate investments (cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities) and client funds assets (funds that have been collected from clients but have not yet been remitted to the applicable tax authorities or client employees).
Our corporate investments are invested in cash and cash equivalents and highly liquid, investment-grade marketable securities. These assets are available for our regular quarterly dividends, share repurchases, capital expenditures and/or acquisitions, as well as other corporate operating purposes. All of our short-term and long-term fixed-income securities are classified as available-for-sale securities.
Our client funds assets are invested with safety of principal, liquidity, and diversification as the primary objectives. Consistent with those objectives, we also seek to maximize interest income and to minimize the volatility of interest income. Client funds assets are invested in highly liquid, investment-grade marketable securities, with a maximum maturity of 10 years at the time of purchase, and money market securities and other cash equivalents.
We utilize a strategy by which we extend the maturities of our investment portfolio for funds held for clients and employ short-term financing arrangements to satisfy our short-term funding requirements related to client funds obligations. Our client funds investment strategy is structured to allow us to average our way through an interest rate cycle by laddering the maturities of our investments out to five years (in the case of the extended portfolio) and out to ten years (in the case of the long portfolio). As part of our client funds investment strategy, we use the daily collection of funds from our clients to satisfy other unrelated client funds obligations, rather than liquidating previously-collected client funds that have already been invested in available-for-sale securities. In circumstances where we experience a reduction in employment levels due to a slowdown in the economy, we may make tactical decisions to sell certain securities or not reinvest maturing securities in order to reduce the size of the funds held for clients to correspond to client funds obligations. We attempt to minimize the risk of not having funds collected from a client available at the time such client’s obligation becomes due by generally impounding the client's funds by the time we pay such client’s obligation. When we don't impound client funds in advance of paying such client obligations, we are at risk of not recovering such funds or material delay in such recovery. Through our client funds investment strategy and client impounding processes, we have consistently maintained the required level of liquidity to satisfy all of our obligations.
There are inherent risks and uncertainties involving our investment strategy relating to our client funds assets. Such risks include liquidity risk, including the risk associated with our ability to liquidate, if necessary, our available-for-sale securities in a timely manner in order to satisfy our client funds obligations. However, our investments are made with the safety of principal, liquidity, and diversification as the primary goals to minimize the risk of not having sufficient funds to satisfy all of our client funds obligations. We also believe we have significantly reduced the risk of not having sufficient funds to satisfy our client funds obligations by consistently maintaining access to other sources of liquidity, including our corporate cash balances, available borrowings under our $10.3 billion commercial paper program (rated A-1+ by Standard and Poor’s, P-1 by Moody’s, and F1+ by Fitch, the highest possible short-term credit ratings), and our ability to engage in reverse repurchase agreement transactions ($7.3 billion of which is available on a committed basis in the U.S. as of March 31, 2025) and available borrowings under our $10.3 billion committed credit facilities. The reduced availability of financing during periods of economic turmoil, even to borrowers with the highest credit ratings, may limit our ability to access short-term debt markets to meet the liquidity needs of our business. In addition to liquidity risk, our investments are subject to interest rate risk and credit risk, as discussed below.
We have established credit quality, maturity, and exposure limits for our investments. The minimum allowed credit rating at time of purchase for Corporate, Canadian government agency and Canadian provincial bonds is BBB, for asset-backed securities is AAA, and for municipal bonds is A. The maximum maturity at time of purchase for BBB-rated securities is 5 years, and for single A rated securities, AA-rated and AAA-rated securities is 10 years. Time deposits and commercial paper must be rated A-1 and/or P-1. Money market funds must be rated AAA/Aaa-mf.
Details regarding our overall investment portfolio are as follows:
| Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| March 31, | March 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Average investment balances at cost: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate investments | $ | 6,269.5 | $ | 5,547.1 | $ | 8,987.7 | $ | 6,837.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Funds held for clients | 44,495.8 | 41,701.7 | 37,470.6 | 35,135.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 50,765.3 | $ | 47,248.8 | $ | 46,458.3 | $ | 41,972.8 | |||||||||||||||
| Average interest rates earned exclusive of realized (gains)/losses on: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate investments | 3.6 | % | 4.0 | % | 3.4 | % | 3.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Funds held for clients | 3.2 | % | 3.1 | % | 3.1 | % | 2.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Total | 3.2 | % | 3.2 | % | 3.2 | % | 2.9 | % | |||||||||||||||
| Net realized losses on available-for-sale securities | $ | 0.1 | $ | 1.2 | $ | 0.8 | $ | 5.2 |
| March 31, 2025 | June 30, 2024 | ||||||||||
| Net unrealized pre-tax losses on available-for-sale securities | $ | (688.0) | $ | (1,515.8) | |||||||
| Total available-for-sale securities at fair value | $ | 33,856.6 | $ | 31,207.5 |
We are exposed to interest rate risk in relation to securities that mature, as the proceeds from maturing securities are reinvested. Factors that influence the earnings impact of interest rate changes include, among others, the amount of invested funds and the overall portfolio mix between short-term and long-term investments. This mix varies during the fiscal year and is impacted by daily interest rate changes. The annualized interest rate earned on our entire portfolio increased from 2.9% for the nine months ended March 31, 2024 to 3.2% for the nine months ended March 31, 2025. A hypothetical change in both short-term interest rates (e.g., overnight interest rates or the federal funds rate) and intermediate-term interest rates of 25 basis points applied to the estimated average investment balances and any related short-term borrowings would result in approximately a $24 million impact to earnings before income taxes over the ensuing twelve-month period ending March 31, 2026. A hypothetical change in only short-term interest rates of 25 basis points applied to the estimated average short-term investment balances and any related short-term borrowings would result in approximately a $9 million impact to earnings before income taxes over the ensuing twelve-month period ending March 31, 2026.
We are exposed to credit risk in connection with our available-for-sale securities through the possible inability of the borrowers to meet the terms of the securities. We limit credit risk by investing in investment-grade securities, primarily AAA-rated and AA- rated securities, as rated by Moody’s, Standard & Poor’s, DBRS for Canadian dollar denominated securities, and Fitch for asset-backed and commercial-mortgage-backed securities. In addition, we limit amounts that can be invested in any security other than U.S. government and government agency, Canadian government, and United Kingdom government securities.
We operate and transact business in various foreign jurisdictions and are therefore exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency exchange rates that could impact our consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows. We manage our exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. We may use derivative financial instruments as risk management tools and not for trading purposes.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates, judgments, and assumptions that affect reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and other comprehensive income. We continually evaluate the accounting policies and estimates used to prepare the Consolidated Financial Statements. The estimates are based on historical experience and assumptions believed to be reasonable under current facts and circumstances. Actual amounts and results could differ from these estimates made by management. Refer to Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements for changes to our accounting policies effective for the fiscal 2025.
NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
See Note 2, New Accounting Pronouncements, of Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.
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