Item 1. Business

standards for areas such as group supervision, governance and internal controls, enterprise risk management, and recovery and resolution planning. We currently meet the criteria set forth to identify an IAIG, and the NYDFS, as our group-wide supervisor, has publicly disclosed us as an IAIG on the IAIS’ register of IAIGs.

The IAIS has adopted an enhanced set of supervisory policy measures for the assessment and mitigation of systemic risk in the insurance sector (Holistic Framework). The Holistic Framework recognizes that systemic risk may arise not only from the distress or disorderly failure of an individual insurer, but also from the collective exposures and activities of insurers at a sector-wide level. The FSB has also been engaging with member jurisdictions in order to encourage greater adherence to its “Key Attributes for Effective Resolution Regimes for the Insurance Sector” to ensure that large, internationally active insurers can exit the market in an orderly fashion and avoid the need for taxpayer bailouts. Starting in December 2024, the FSB began publishing an annual list of insurers, including AIG, that are subject to resolution planning requirements which impose on AIG an obligation to provide to our key global regulators a comprehensive resolution plan for the Company along with periodic updates.

As part of ComFrame, the IAIS also developed a risk-based global Insurance Capital Standard (ICS) applicable to IAIGs. The IAIS formally adopted the ICS at its annual general meeting in December 2024. The ICS is intended to be applied as a group-wide prescribed capital requirement, defined as a solvency control level above which the supervisor does not intervene on capital adequacy grounds. In parallel, the United States developed the Aggregation Method (AM) as an alternative approach to the consolidated ICS group-capital calculation. Following a comparability assessment, the IAIS determined in November 2024 that the AM delivers comparable outcomes to the ICS and therefore provides the basis for implementation of the ICS. The AM is expected to be implemented in the United States through the GCC.

The standards issued by the FSB and/or the IAIS are not binding on the United States or other jurisdictions around the world unless and until the appropriate local governmental bodies or regulators adopt laws or regulations implementing such standards.

PRIVACY, DATA PROTECTION, CYBERSECURITY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REQUIREMENTS

We are subject to various laws and regulations that require financial institutions and other businesses to protect and safeguard personal and other sensitive information and provide notice of their practices relating to the collection, disclosure and other processing of personal information. We also are subject to U.S. federal and state laws and regulations requiring notification to affected individuals and regulators of a data breach. Below we highlight a few key applicable privacy, data protection, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence (AI) laws and regulations.

In the European Union, the EU Digital Operational Resilience Act requires covered entities, including insurance intermediaries, reinsurance intermediaries and ancillary insurance intermediaries to comply with a wide range of organizational and technical requirements to identify, manage and mitigate operational risk arising from use of network and information systems and, in particular, the use of third-party information and communication technology service providers.

In October 2017, the NAIC adopted the Insurance Data Security Model Law (NAIC Data Security Model Law), which, among other things, requires insurers, insurance producers and other entities required to be licensed under state insurance laws to develop and maintain a written information security program, conduct risk assessments, and oversee the data security practices of third-party service providers. As of December 31, 2025, more than 25 jurisdictions had adopted the NAIC Data Security Model Law. In addition, on March 1, 2019, the NYDFS’s cybersecurity regulation became fully effective, requiring covered financial institutions, including insurance entities licensed in New York, to, among other things, implement a cybersecurity program designed to protect information systems. The 2023 amendments to this cybersecurity regulation added obligations for large insurers including enhanced and updated governance, risk assessment, and technology requirements, new notification obligations, and clarifying changes regarding enforcement.

The State of California enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA), which went into effect as of January 1, 2020, and imposes significant privacy obligations on businesses handling data related to California residents. The law has a number of exceptions; it does not apply to personal information collected, processed, sold, or disclosed pursuant to the federal Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA) and implementing regulations or the California Financial Information Privacy Act. The California Privacy Rights Act passed in November 2020 became effective January 1, 2023 and amends the CCPA to create additional privacy rights and obligations in California. A number of other states, including Colorado, Connecticut, Texas and Virginia also enacted comprehensive consumer data privacy laws and many other states have proposed similar laws, albeit with similar exemptions for entities and/or data governed by the GLBA.

These privacy laws impose requirements on covered businesses that are similar to those imposed by the CCPA with respect to privacy notices, data subject rights and data security standards.

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requires that registrants disclose any material cybersecurity incident on Form 8-K within four business days of determining that the incident the registrant experienced is material. Periodic disclosures of, among other things, (i) details on the company’s cybersecurity policies and procedures, and (ii) cybersecurity governance and oversight policies, including the board of directors’ oversight of any material incidents (individually or in the aggregate) are also required.

AIG | 2025 Form 10-K			9

ITEM 1 | Business

The scope of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) extends to entities established within the European Economic Area (EEA, i.e., EU member states plus Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway) and to certain entities not established in the EEA (in certain instances, if they solicit or target individuals in the EU by offering goods or services to EEA data subjects or monitoring the personal behavior of EEA data subjects (e.g., in an online context)). The GDPR was also onshored in the UK through the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018, with adjustments as provided in subsequent regulations. Sanctions for non-compliance with the GDPR are onerous, with the potential for fines of up to 4 percent of global revenue for the most serious infringements.

We have sought to address the GDPR’s requirements by demonstrating accountability for compliance with the GDPR’s principles relating to processing of personal data, maintaining records of processing and completing mandatory Data Protection Impact Assessments in connection with data processing activities identified by the GDPR as “higher risk.”

The GDPR imposes requirements on the transfer of personal data outside of the EEA, including via standard contractual clauses supplemented by an assessment and due diligence of the legal and regulatory landscape of the jurisdiction of the data importer, the channels used to transmit personal data and the processors or subprocessors of personal data.

Certain U.S. states have adopted or are considering regulations and guidance relating to the use of “big data,” AI, machine learning and other technology innovations in the insurance marketplace. For example, in December 2023, the NAIC adopted a model bulletin on the use of AI by insurers that sets forth governance, risk management and other requirements that insurers using AI are expected to establish. A significant number of states have issued regulatory guidance based on the NAIC model bulletin. In addition, state insurance regulators in the United States, including NYDFS, have issued and will continue to consider regulations or proposed guidelines in the use of external data, algorithms and AI in insurance practices, including underwriting, marketing, and claims practices.

The EU has also taken steps to regulate the use of data and algorithms used for the purpose of AI and automated decision-making. For example, the European Union Artificial Intelligence Act, which entered into force on August 1, 2024, with various requirements becoming effective at different points in time, broadly regulates the use of AI. European countries, and supranational political organizations like the EU and the Council of Europe, are expected to continue taking an active role in regulating AI in ways that may impact the insurance industry.

We also are subject to other international laws and regulations that require financial institutions and other businesses to protect personal and other sensitive information and provide notice of their practices relating to the collection, disclosure and other processing of personal information and to obtain consent for specific processing activities. We are also subject to laws and regulations requiring notification to affected individuals and regulators of security breaches and laws and regulations regarding data localization and the cross-border transfer of information.

SUSTAINABILITY

In recent years, federal- and state-level lawmakers and regulators in the United States and in other major countries in which we operate have increased their scrutiny on financial institutions and other companies’ governance, risk oversight, disclosures, plans, policies and practices in connection with climate change and other sustainability topics, which continue to evolve and diverge across jurisdictions. There have been active and significant regulatory developments on these issues in the form of newly proposed, issued or implemented laws, rules, regulations, guidance and frameworks regarding climate change that impose, or will impose if and when effective, new requirements and expectations, including in connection with climate- related governance, risk management, disclosures, stress testing and scenario analysis. Regulators in several jurisdictions are considering the so-called protection gap as it relates to climate – instances in which populations are under-insured or there is insufficient coverage to protect policyholders against the risks associated with climate change. We continue to actively monitor the regulatory landscape surrounding these issues.

10			AIG | 2025 Form 10-K

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

Risk Factor Summary

The following is a summary of the material risks and uncertainties that could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. You should read this summary together with the more detailed description of each risk factor contained below.

Market Conditions

• Deterioration of economic conditions, geopolitical tensions, changes in market conditions or weakening global capital markets have affected and may continue to materially affect our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Reserves and Exposures

• The amount and timing of insurance liability claims are difficult to predict and such claims may exceed the related liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.

• Reinsurance may be unavailable or too expensive relative to its benefit and may not be adequate to protect us against losses.

• Our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and ratings are subject to the effects of natural and man-made catastrophic events as well as mass torts.

• Climate change may adversely affect our business and financial condition.

• Concentration of our insurance, reinsurance and other risk exposures may have adverse effects.

• Losses due to nonperformance or defaults by counterparties may materially and adversely affect the value of our investments, our profitability and sources of liquidity.

Investment Portfolio and Concentration of Investments

• Our investment portfolio is concentrated in certain segments of the economy, and the performance and value of our investment portfolio are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties.

• We rely on investment management and advisory arrangements with third-party investment managers for the majority of our investment portfolio. The historical performance of any investment manager we engage should not be considered indicative of the future results of our investment portfolio.

• The valuation of our investments involves the application of methodologies and assumptions to derive estimates, which may differ from actual experience and could result in changes to investment valuations that may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or liquidity or lead to volatility in our net income.

Liquidity, Capital and Credit

• AIG Parent’s ability to access funds from our subsidiaries is limited, and our sources of liquidity may be insufficient to meet our needs, including providing capital that may be required by our subsidiaries.

• We may not be able to generate cash to meet our needs due to the illiquidity of some of our investments.

• A downgrade by one or more of the rating agencies in the Insurer Financial Strength ratings of our insurance companies could limit their ability to write or prevent them from writing new business and impair their retention of customers and in-force business, and a downgrade in our credit ratings could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Business and Operations

• Our risk management policies, standards and procedures may prove to be ineffective and leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could adversely affect our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

• Pricing for our products is subject to our ability to adequately assess risks and estimate related losses.

• We are exposed to certain risks if we are unable to maintain the availability of our critical technology systems and data and safeguard the confidentiality and integrity of our data, which could compromise our ability to conduct business and adversely affect our consolidated business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

• Our development and use of new technology, such as generative artificial intelligence, may present risks.

• Our foreign operations expose us to risks that may affect our operations.

AIG | 2025 Form 10-K			11

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

• Third parties we rely upon to provide certain business and administrative services on our behalf may not perform as anticipated, which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

• We may experience difficulty in marketing and distributing products through our current and future distribution channels and the use of third parties may result in additional liabilities.

• Our restructuring initiatives may not yield expected reductions in expenses and/or improvements in operational and organizational efficiency.

• Strategic transactions, including business or asset acquisitions and dispositions, may expose us to certain risks.

• We are subject to risks from our continuing equity market exposure to Corebridge. The anticipated benefits of our sales of Corebridge stock may not be achieved.

• Significant legal or regulatory proceedings may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

• Scrutiny and evolving expectations from investors, customers, regulators, policymakers and other stakeholders regarding environmental, social, governance and sustainability matters, including governmental responses to such matters, may adversely affect our reputation or otherwise adversely impact our business and results of operations.

• We may not be able to protect our intellectual property and may be subject to infringement claims.

Regulation

• Our businesses are heavily regulated and changes in laws and regulations may affect our operations, increase our insurance subsidiary capital requirements or reduce our profitability.

• New laws and regulations or new interpretations of current laws and regulations, both domestically and internationally, may affect our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and ability to compete effectively.

• An “ownership change” could limit our ability to utilize tax loss and credit carryforwards to offset future taxable income.

• New and proposed changes to tax laws could increase our corporate taxes.

Estimates and Assumptions

• Estimates or assumptions used in the preparation of financial statements and modeled results used in various areas of our business may differ materially from actual experience.

• Changes in accounting principles and financial reporting requirements may impact our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

• If our businesses do not perform well and/or their estimated fair values decline, we may be required to recognize an impairment of our goodwill or establish an additional valuation allowance against the related deferred income tax assets, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Employees and Competition

• Employee error and misconduct may be difficult to detect and prevent and may result in reputational damage and significant losses.

• Competition for employees in our industry is intense, and managing key employee succession is critical to our success. We may not be able to attract and retain the key employees and other highly skilled employees we need to support our businesses.

• We face intense competition in each of our business lines, and technological changes may present new and intensified challenges to our businesses.

12			AIG | 2025 Form 10-K

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

Risk Factors

Investing in AIG involves risk. In deciding whether to invest in AIG, you should carefully consider the following risk factors. Any of these risk factors could have a significant or material adverse effect on our businesses, results of operations, financial condition or liquidity. They could also cause significant fluctuations and volatility in the trading price of our securities. Readers should not consider any descriptions of these factors to be a complete set of all potential risks that could affect AIG. These factors should be considered carefully together with the other information contained in this report and the other reports and materials filed by us with the SEC. Further, many of these risks are interrelated and could occur under similar business and economic conditions, and the occurrence of certain of them may in turn cause the emergence or exacerbate the effect of others. Such a combination could materially increase the severity of the impact of these risks on our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity beyond a risk’s singular impact.

MARKET CONDITIONS

Deterioration of economic conditions, geopolitical tensions, changes in market conditions or weakening global capital markets have affected and may continue to materially affect our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Our businesses are highly dependent on global economic and market conditions. Weaknesses in economic conditions, including a recessionary environment, poor capital markets performance, market volatility, volatility in interest rate levels and inflation have in the past led to, and may in the future lead to, among other consequences, a poor operating environment, erosion of consumer and investor confidence, reduced business volumes, deteriorating liquidity and declines in asset valuations.

Key ways in which we have been, and could be, negatively affected by economic conditions include:

• increased loss payments and loss costs due to inflation;

• increased challenges to insurance policy terms and conditions, such as standard exclusions;

• increases in costs associated with third-party reinsurance, or decreased ability to obtain reinsurance on acceptable terms;

• the increased likelihood of, or increased magnitude of, asset impairments caused by market fluctuations, deterioration in collateral values or credit deterioration of borrowers; and

• reduced premiums.

Adverse economic conditions may result from a variety of factors including domestic and global economic and political developments, including changes in interest rate levels, plateauing or decreasing economic growth and business activity, recessions, social inflation, inflationary or deflationary pressures in developed economies, including the United States (U.S.), civil unrest, pandemics, geopolitical tensions, changes to international trade and/or tariff policies, foreign investment restrictions, military action or armed conflicts and corresponding sanctions imposed by the U.S. and other countries, and new or evolving legal and regulatory requirements on business investment, data protection, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence, hiring, migration, labor supply and global supply chains.

These and other market, economic, regulatory and political factors, including the effects of inflation, macroeconomic uncertainty, domestic and international political tensions, disruption to our business operations in countries exposed to geopolitical risk, natural disasters and the increased costs associated with meeting customer needs in such regions, adverse impacts resulting from changes to international trade, tariff and monetary policies, and any potential U.S. government shutdowns, have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on our businesses, results of operations, financial condition, capital and liquidity in many ways, including:

• lower levels of consumer demand for and ability to afford our products and commercial business activities that have decreased and may continue to decrease revenues and profitability and thus impair goodwill, deferred tax assets or other long-term assets;

• increased credit impairments, downgrades and losses across single or numerous asset classes due to lower collateral values or deteriorating cash flow and profitability by borrowers that could lead to higher defaults on the Company’s investment portfolio, especially in geographic, industry or investment sectors where the Company has higher concentrations of exposure, and widening of credit spreads that could reduce investment asset valuations and increase statutory capital requirements;

• increased market volatility and uncertainty that could decrease liquidity, increase borrowing costs and limit access to capital markets;

• the reduction of investment income generated by, or the market value of, our investment portfolio;

• increased costs related to our direct and third-party support services, labor and financing, increased credit risk and decreased sales; and

• limitations on business activities and increased compliance risks with respect to economic sanctions regulations.

AIG | 2025 Form 10-K			13

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

We are exposed to certain risks arising from or exacerbated by fluctuations in interest rates, such as a potential mismatch between the expected duration of our liabilities and our assets, changes in certain statutory reserve or capital requirements that are based on formulas or models that consider interest rates or prescribed interest rates, increased financing and refinancing costs, in particular with respect to our corporate debt instruments, and lower investment income on our floating rate investments that will adjust to lower coupons if short-term rates decrease. Changes in interest rates have had and could continue to have a material adverse effect on the value of our investment portfolio. For example, increases in interest rates have impacted, and may continue to impact, our investment portfolio by decreasing the estimated fair values of the fixed income securities that constitute a substantial portion of our investment portfolio as well as the alternative investments in our investment portfolio. This in turn has in the past increased and could in the future increase the unrealized loss positions in our portfolio which could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. Should a low interest rate environment return, it could negatively affect the performance of our investments and reduce the level of investment income earned on our investment portfolios. In addition, if our investment managers fail to react appropriately to difficult market or economic conditions, our investment portfolio could incur material losses.

RESERVES AND EXPOSURES

The amount and timing of insurance liability claims are difficult to predict and such claims may exceed the related liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses.

We regularly review the adequacy of the established liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. We also conduct extensive analyses of our reserves during the year. Our liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses, however, has at times developed and may in the future develop adversely and materially impact our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Estimation of ultimate net losses, loss expenses and the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses is a complex process, particularly for long-tail and medium-tail liability lines of business. There is also greater uncertainty in establishing reserves with respect to new business, particularly new business involving recently introduced product lines. In these cases, there is less historical experience or knowledge and less data upon which actuaries can rely. Estimating reserves is further complicated by unexpected claims or unintended coverages that may emerge due to unexpected events, such as pandemics or geopolitical conflicts. These emerging issues may increase the size or number of claims beyond our intent at the time of underwriting and may not become apparent for many years after a policy is issued.

While we use a number of analytical reserve development techniques to project future loss development, the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses has been and may continue to be significantly affected by changes in loss cost trends or loss development factors that we rely upon in setting the liability for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses. These changes in loss cost trends or loss development factors could be due to changes in actual versus expected claims and losses, difficulties in predicting changes, such as changes in inflation, unemployment, or other social or economic factors affecting claims, including judicial and legislative actions, and changes in the tort environment. Any deviation in loss cost trends or in loss development factors might not be identified for an extended period of time after we record the initial loss reserve estimates for any accident year or number of years.

We review and update actuarial assumptions at least annually. If actual experience or revised future expectations result in projected future losses, we may be required to record additional liabilities through a charge to net realized gains or losses in the then-current period, which could negatively affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. For additional information on reserve development, see Part II, Item 7. MD&A – Insurance Reserves.

For additional information on our loss reserves, see Part II, Item 7. MD&A – Critical Accounting Estimates – Loss Reserves and Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Reinsurance may be unavailable or too expensive relative to its benefit and may not be adequate to protect us against losses.

Our subsidiaries are major purchasers of third-party reinsurance and we use reinsurance as part of our overall risk management strategy. While reinsurance does not discharge our subsidiaries from their obligation to pay claims for losses insured under our policies, it makes the reinsurer liable to our subsidiaries for the reinsured portion of the risk. Market conditions beyond our control have impacted and may in the future impact the availability and cost of reinsurance and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. For example, reinsurance is typically more difficult or costly to obtain after a year or consecutive years with a large number of major catastrophes, the severity and frequency of which have increased in recent years, and their likelihood may be further exacerbated by climate change. We have been and may, at certain times be, forced to incur additional costs for reinsurance, unable to obtain sufficient reinsurance on acceptable terms, or unable to obtain reinsurance for certain parts of our business. In instances where reinsurance is more costly, insufficient on acceptable terms or unavailable, we have had to, and may in the future have to, accept an increase in exposure to risk, reduce or stop writing certain lines of business written by our subsidiaries or seek alternatives in line with our risk limits, or a combination thereof.

14			AIG | 2025 Form 10-K

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

Additionally, we are exposed to credit risk with respect to our subsidiaries’ reinsurers to the extent the reinsurance receivable is not secured, or is or becomes inadequately secured by collateral or does not benefit from other credit enhancements. We also bear the risk that a reinsurer is, or may be, unwilling to pay amounts we have recorded as reinsurance recoverables for any reason, including that the terms of the reinsurance contract do not reflect the intent of the parties to the contract or there is a disagreement between the parties as to their intent, or the terms of the contract cannot be legally enforced. The insolvency of one or more of our reinsurers, the inability or unwillingness of such reinsurers to make timely payments under the terms of our contracts or payments in an amount equal to our corresponding reinsurance recoverable, or the risk that the reinsurance transaction does not operate as intended, including due to a change in laws and regulations or on account of court or arbitration panel interpretations, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and liquidity.

Moreover, the use of reinsurance placed in the capital markets or placed with alternative market reinsurers supported by capital market institutions, like private equity firms that fund single purpose reinsurance capital vehicles, may not provide the same levels of protection as traditional reinsurance transactions. Any disruption, volatility and uncertainty in these markets or with respect to these capital market participants or these types of alternative reinsurance structures may impact the protection provided by this type of reinsurance or may limit our ability to access such markets on terms favorable to us or at all. Also, to the extent that we use structures based on an industry loss index or other metrics rather than on actual losses incurred by us, we could be subject to residual risk.

The availability of private sector reinsurance for terrorism is limited and we currently have limited reinsurance coverage for terrorist attacks. While we benefit from the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (TRIPRA), which provides U.S. government risk assistance to the insurance industry to manage the exposure to terrorism incidents, TRIPRA has specific program limits and does not cover losses in certain lines of business such as personal property and personal casualty. We also rely on the government-sponsored and government-arranged terrorism reinsurance programs, including pools, in force in applicable non-U.S. jurisdictions. The realization of these risks may materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

For additional information on reinsurance, see Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and ratings are subject to the effects of natural and man-made catastrophic events as well as mass torts.

Events such as hurricanes, windstorms, hailstorms, flooding, earthquakes, landslides, wildfires, solar storms, earth sinking, tsunamis, war or other military action, acts of terrorism, explosions and fires, cyberattacks, product defects, pandemics, mass torts, civil unrest and other catastrophes have adversely affected our business in the past and could do so in the future.

Catastrophic events, and legislative or regulatory responses thereto, have in the past and could in the future result in losses in any business in which we operate, and could expose us to:

• widespread claim costs associated with property, casualty, general liability, bodily injury, workers’ compensation, accident and health, travel, business interruption and cyber claims, among others;

• loss resulting from a decline in the value of our invested assets;

• loss resulting from actual policy experience that is adverse compared to the assumptions made in product pricing, which could adversely affect underwriting profitability;

• revenue loss due to decline in customer base;

• declines in value and/or losses with respect to companies and other entities whose securities we hold and counterparties we transact business with and have credit exposure to, including reinsurers;

• significant disruptions to our physical infrastructure, systems and operations; and

• widespread loss or corruption of personal or sensitive business data.

Natural and man-made catastrophic events are generally unpredictable. Our exposure to catastrophe-related loss depends on various factors, including the frequency and severity of the catastrophes, the availability of reinsurance, the rate of inflation and the value and geographic or other concentrations of insured companies and individuals. Vendor models and proprietary assumptions and processes that we use to manage catastrophe exposure may prove to be ineffective due to incorrect assumptions or estimates. For example, modeling for the more unpredictable and infrequent types of catastrophes, such as terrorism, cyber incidents and pandemics, is even more difficult and may be less reliable.

In addition, legislative and regulatory initiatives and court decisions following major catastrophes (both natural and man-made), as well as new and emerging mass tort claims, have required and could in the future require us to pay the insured beyond the contractual terms of the insurance policy and may prohibit the application of a deductible, resulting in inflated and unanticipated claims, or impose other restrictions, which would reduce our ability to mitigate exposure. These initiatives could impair our cash flows and adversely impact our subsidiaries’ capital ratios.

For additional information on potential catastrophic events, including a sensitivity analysis of our exposure to certain catastrophes, see Part II, Item 7. MD&A – Enterprise Risk Management – Insurance Risk.

AIG | 2025 Form 10-K			15

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

For information regarding the effects of climate change on our business, see “Climate change may adversely affect our business and financial condition” below.

Climate change may adversely affect our business and financial condition.

Climate change, indicated by higher concentrations of greenhouse gases, a warming atmosphere and ocean, wildfires, diminished snow and ice, and a rise in sea levels, appears to have contributed to an increase in the frequency and severity of natural disasters and the creation of uncertainty as to future trends and exposures. As such, climate change presents significant financial implications for us in areas such as underwriting, claims and investments, as well as risk capacity, financial reserving and operations.

Climate change presents challenges to our ability to effectively underwrite, model and price catastrophe risk particularly if the frequency and severity of catastrophic events such as hurricanes, tornadoes, heatwaves, floods, wildfires and windstorms and other natural disasters continues to increase. For example, losses resulting from actual policy experience may be adverse as compared to the assumptions made in product pricing and our ability to mitigate our exposure may be reduced.

Climate-related risks may also adversely impact the value of the securities that we hold or lead to credit risk of other counterparties we transact with, including reinsurers. Our reputation could also be negatively impacted as a result of changing and divergent customer or societal perceptions of organizations that we either insure or invest in due to their actions (or lack thereof) with respect to climate change, as well as political initiatives or other stakeholder expectations with respect thereto.

In addition, lawmakers and regulators at the federal, state and local levels have imposed and may continue to impose new requirements or issue new guidance aimed at addressing or mitigating climate and other sustainability-related risks. Additional actions by foreign governments, regulators and international standard setters have expanded, and could substantially expand, the regulations, guidance or expectations to which we may be subject. Laws, regulations and guidance adopted in U.S. local, state, federal or foreign jurisdictions regarding these topics differ from one another and this results in us having to comply with differing or inconsistent laws, regulations and guidance across jurisdictions in which we operate.

Additionally, climate-related litigation has increased in recent years. Many lawsuits center on enforcement or interpretation of environmental laws and regulations, often seeking to use litigation as a tool to influence governmental and corporate climate policies. Other cases seek damages for alleged contributions to climate change or for insufficient disclosure around material financial risks, which could cause us to experience increased claims under liability policies, such as casualty and directors’ and officers’ insurance policies, increase our liabilities and affect the viability of certain of our business lines. Furthermore, claims asserted against insureds have in the past, and may in the future, include alleged failure to manage risks associated with climate change, or that actions taken by the insured contributed to loss from the event. Such litigation may, through increased claims from our customers, adversely impact our business and results of operations. For more information regarding risks associated with legal proceedings, see Business and Operations – "Significant legal or regulatory proceedings may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition."

We have also faced and may continue to face business continuity risk as a result of climate change-related incidents that may disrupt business operations, including extreme weather events. We cannot predict the long-term impacts of climate change on our business and results of operations.

For information regarding risks associated with other catastrophic events, see Reserves and Exposures – “Our consolidated results of operations, liquidity, financial condition and ratings are subject to the effects of natural and man-made catastrophic events as well as mass torts” above.

Concentration of our insurance, reinsurance and other risk exposures may have adverse effects.

We are exposed to risks as a result of concentrations in our insurance policies, investments, derivatives and other obligations that we undertake for customers and counterparties. Further, any risk management arrangements we employ to manage concentration risks, whether directly or through third parties, may not be available on acceptable terms or may prove to be ineffective. Our risk exposures under insurance policies, derivatives and other obligations are, from time to time, compounded by risk exposure assumed in the management of our investment portfolio. Also, our exposure for certain single risk coverages and other coverages may be so large that adverse experience compared to our expectations may have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations or result in additional statutory capital requirements for our subsidiaries.

Losses due to nonperformance or defaults by counterparties may materially and adversely affect the value of our investments, our profitability and sources of liquidity.

We are exposed to credit risk arising from exposures to various counterparties related to investments, derivatives, premiums receivable, certain businesses and reinsurance recoverables. These counterparties include, but are not limited to, issuers of fixed income and equity securities we hold, borrowers of loans we hold, customers, plan sponsors, trading counterparties, counterparties under swaps and other derivatives instruments, reinsurers, corporate and governmental entities whose payments or performance we insure, joint venture partners, clearing agents, exchanges, clearing houses, custodians, brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, intra-group counterparties with respect to derivatives and other third parties, financial intermediaries and

16			AIG | 2025 Form 10-K

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

institutions and guarantors. These counterparties may default on their obligations to us due to bankruptcy, insolvency, receivership, financial distress, lack of liquidity, adverse economic conditions, operational failure, fraud, government intervention and other reasons. In addition, for exchange-traded derivatives, such as futures, options as well as "cleared" over-the-counter derivatives, we are generally exposed to the credit risk of the relevant central counterparty clearing house and futures commission merchants through which we clear derivatives. Defaults by these counterparties on their obligations to us could have a material adverse effect on the value of our investments, business, financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.

An insolvency of, or the appointment of a receiver to rehabilitate or liquidate, a significant competitor could negatively impact our business if such appointment were to impact consumer confidence in our products and services. Additionally, if the underlying assets supporting the structured securities we invest in are expected to default or actually default on their payment obligations, our securities may incur losses.

INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO AND CONCENTRATION OF INVESTMENTS

Our investment portfolio is concentrated in certain segments of the economy, and the performance and value of our investment portfolio are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties.

Our investment portfolio’s returns have benefited historically from investment opportunities and general market conditions that may not currently exist and may not be repeated. Our results of operations and financial condition have in the past been, and may in the future be, adversely affected by the degree of concentration in our consolidated investment portfolio. For example, we have significant holdings of real estate and real estate-related investments, including residential mortgage- backed securities (both U.S. government-sponsored enterprise-issued and Non-Agency issued), and commercial mortgage-backed securities and whole loans. We also have significant exposures to domestic and global financial institutions, certain industries, such as consumer discretionary and non-discretionary, the U.S. federal, state and local government issuers and authorities, and various governments globally. Events or developments that have a negative effect on any particular industry, asset class, group of related industries or geographic region may adversely affect the valuation of our investments to the extent they are concentrated in such segments. Our ability to sell assets in such segments may be limited.

Our investments are also subject to market risks and uncertainties, including, in addition to interest rate risk, changes in the level of credit spreads, currency rates and equity prices, each of which has affected and will continue to affect the value of investments in our investment portfolio as well as the performance of, and returns generated by, such investments. For information regarding risks associated with interest rate volatility, see Market Conditions above.

Furthermore, our alternative investment portfolio, which is subject to volatility in equity markets, includes investments for which changes in fair value are reported through pre-tax income. An economic downturn or decline in the capital markets has had, and could in the future have, a material adverse effect on our investment income, including as a result of decreases in the fair value of alternative investments.

We rely on investment management and advisory arrangements with third-party investment managers for the majority of our investment portfolio. The historical performance of any investment manager we engage should not be considered indicative of the future results of our investment portfolio.

We rely on external investment managers to manage the majority of our investment portfolio, consisting of liquid fixed income securities, structured fixed income securities, certain private credit, private fund, joint venture and partnership investments, structured products, commercial real estate-related equity investments and commercial mortgage loans.

Our investment managers are generally compensated based on the size of the investment portfolios that they manage, rather than based on investment profits or income. As a result, these investment managers are not directly incentivized to maximize investment returns. There can be no guarantee that any investment manager we engage will be able to achieve any particular returns or generate investment opportunities with attractive, risk-adjusted returns for our investment portfolio in the future. If any of our investment managers becomes unable to effectively manage our portfolio investments, the concentration of assets in our portfolio that are managed by it could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

In addition, we have become more reliant on our external asset managers, and such increased dependence has reduced and may continue to reduce our internal capabilities and expertise or expose us to greater risk, including the risk that external asset managers may fail to meet our performance expectations or otherwise experience disruptions or losses.

The valuation of our investments involves the application of methodologies and assumptions to derive estimates, which may differ from actual experience and could result in changes to investment valuations that may materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or liquidity or lead to volatility in our net income.

It has been and may continue to be difficult to value those of our investments or derivatives that are not actively traded. There also may be cases where, due to the financial environment or market conditions, normally active markets become inactive or less active, which can result in insufficient observable data. As a result, valuations may include inputs and assumptions that are less observable or require greater estimation and judgment as well as valuation methods that are more complex. These values may not be realized in

AIG | 2025 Form 10-K			17

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

a market transaction, may not reflect the value of the asset and may change very rapidly as market conditions change and valuation assumptions are modified. Decreases in value and/or an inability to realize that value in a market transaction or other disposition may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

LIQUIDITY, CAPITAL AND CREDIT

AIG Parent’s ability to access funds from our subsidiaries is limited, and our sources of liquidity may be insufficient to meet our needs, including providing capital that may be required by our subsidiaries.

As a holding company, AIG Parent depends on dividends and other payments from its subsidiaries to fund operations, pay dividends, repurchase shares, meet debt service obligations and meet the capital and liquidity needs of our subsidiaries. The majority of our investments are held by our regulated subsidiaries. Any inability by our subsidiaries to make dividend or other payments in an amount sufficient to enable AIG Parent to meet its cash requirements could have an adverse effect on our operations or our business, results of operations, financial condition, capital and liquidity.

The ability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends to AIG Parent in the future will depend on their earnings, capital levels, tax considerations, covenants contained in any financing or other agreements, applicable regulatory restrictions and rating agency requirements. In addition, such payments could be limited as a result of claims against our subsidiaries by their creditors, including suppliers, vendors, lessors and employees. Additionally, our insurance subsidiaries may be limited in their ability to make dividend payments to AIG Parent in the future because of the need to meet their obligations or to support their own capital levels or because of regulatory limits and restrictions or changes in, or interpretations of, regulatory or rating agency standards.

Any decision to pursue strategic changes or transactions in our business and operations may also subject our subsidiaries’ dividend plans to heightened regulatory scrutiny and could make obtaining regulatory approvals for extraordinary distributions by our subsidiaries, if required, more difficult. We are also subject to certain other restrictions on our capital from time to time.

If our liquidity is insufficient to meet our needs, we may need to have recourse to third-party financing, external capital markets or other sources of liquidity, which may not be available or could be expensive. The availability and cost of any additional financing at any given time depends on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, the volume of trading activities, the overall availability of credit, regulatory actions and our credit ratings and credit capacity. It is also possible that, as a result of such increased recourse to external financing, customers, lenders or investors could develop a negative perception of our long- or short-term financial prospects. If AIG Parent is unable to satisfy the required regulatory capital needs of a subsidiary, the subsidiary could become insolvent and be subject to supervisory actions by its regulator, including the appointment of a statutory receiver to assume control of and manage the business. The credit rating agencies could also downgrade the subsidiary’s financial strength ratings.

In the ordinary course of our business, we are required to post collateral for our insurance company subsidiaries from time to time. We may be required to post additional collateral due to regulatory changes from time to time, which could adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

For additional information on our liquidity, see Part II, Item 7. MD&A – Liquidity and Capital Resources.

We may not be able to generate cash to meet our needs due to the illiquidity of some of our investments.

We have a diversified investment portfolio. However, economic conditions as well as adverse capital market conditions, including a lack of buyers, the inability of potential buyers to obtain financing on reasonable terms, volatility, credit spread changes, interest rate changes, foreign currency exchange rates and/or declines in collateral values have in the past impacted, and may in the future impact, the liquidity and value of our investments.

We have investments, including certain fixed income, structured and privately placed securities as well as investments in private funds, joint ventures, mortgage loans and real estate, for which limited or no established trading markets exist, that are less liquid than other investments, or that limit or restrict, by their terms, our ability to sell or otherwise dispose of such investments. In the event these investments become stressed or distressed, our ability to exit them or otherwise preserve their value may be limited. If it became necessary to sell such assets in a stressed market environment, the prices achieved in any sale may be lower than their carrying value, which could cause a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Adverse changes in the valuation of real estate and real estate-linked assets, volatility or deterioration of capital markets and widening credit spreads have in the past, and may in the future, materially adversely affect the liquidity and the value of our investment portfolios.

In the event additional liquidity is required by one or more of our companies, it may be difficult for us to generate additional liquidity by selling, pledging or otherwise monetizing these or other investments at reasonable prices and time frames.

18			AIG | 2025 Form 10-K

ITEM 1A | Risk Factors

A downgrade by one or more of the rating agencies in the Insurer Financial Strength ratings of our insurance companies could limit their ability to write or prevent them from writing new business and impair their retention of customers and in-force business, and a downgrade in our credit ratings could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

Downgrades of the Insurer Financial Strength (IFS) ratings of our insurance companies could (i) prevent these companies from selling, or make it more difficult for them to succeed in selling, products and services, (ii) make it more difficult for them to obtain new reinsurance or obtain it on reasonable pricing and other terms, and/or (iii) result in increased policy cancellations or return of premiums. A downgrade of the IFS ratings of our insurance companies could result in a downgrade of AIG Parent’s credit ratings. In the event of a downgrade of AIG Parent’s credit ratings, our financing costs will increase and the availability of financing could be limited. A downgrade could also cause our derivative counterparties to limit or reduce their exposure to us and thus reduce our ability to manage our market risk exposures effectively.

These events could also trigger regulatory scrutiny and potential actions by our regulators. Any of the foregoing events could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. For additional information on rating agency actions, see Part II, Item 7. MD&A – Liquidity and Capital Resources – Financial Strength Ratings and – Credit Ratings.

BUSINESS AND OPERATIONS

Our risk management policies, standards and procedures may prove to be ineffective and leave us exposed to unidentified or unanticipated risk, which could adversely affect our businesses, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

We have developed and continue to enhance enterprise-wide risk management policies, standards and procedures to identify, monitor and mitigate risk to which we are exposed. Our risk management policies, standards and procedures may not be sufficiently comprehensive and may not identify or adequately protect us from every risk to which we are exposed. Many of our methods of identifying, measuring, underwriting and managing risks are based upon our study and use of historical market, applicant, customer, employee and bad actor behavior or statistics based on historical models. As a result, these methods may not accurately predict future exposures from events such as a major financial market disruption resulting from a natural or man-made catastrophe, that could be significantly different than the historical measures indicate, and which could also result in claims levels not previously observed. Establishing and maintaining adequate and disciplined underwriting standards is difficult and our efforts to do so may not be successful. We have and will continue to enhance our underwriting processes, including, from time to time, considering and integrating newly available sources of data to confirm and/or refine our traditional underwriting methods. Our efforts at implementing these improvements may not, however, be fully successful, which may adversely affect our competitive position. We have also introduced new product features designed to limit our risk and taken actions on in-force business, which may not be fully successful in limiting or eliminating risk. Moreover, our hedging programs and reinsurance strategies that are designed to manage risk rely on assumptions regarding our assets, liabilities, general market factors and the creditworthiness of our counterparties that could prove to be incorrect or inadequate. Our hedging programs utilize various hedging and derivative instruments, including but not limited to interest rate swaps, credit default swaps and foreign exchange forwards, which may not effectively or completely reduce our risk. Assumptions underlying models used to measure accumulations and support reinsurance purchases may prove inaccurate and could leave us exposed to larger than expected catastrophe losses in any given period. In addition, our current business continuity and disaster recovery plans may not be sufficient to reduce the impact of pandemics, a major cyber-attack, including ransomware, and other natural or man-made catastrophic events. Other risk management methods depend upon the evaluation of information regarding markets, clients or other matters that is publicly available or otherwise accessible to us, which may not always be accurate, complete, up-to-date or properly evaluated. Management of operational, legal and regulatory risks requires, among other things, policies and procedures to record and verify large numbers of transactions and events in each jurisdiction in which we operate. Further, various jurisdictions have unique requirements with respect to AI, third-party engagement, business resiliency and environmental, social and governance matters as well as matters relating to data protection and cybersecurity, which may impact the efficacy of our standardized risk management tools and techniques. Therefore, our policies and procedures may not be fully effective, and accordingly, our risk management policies, standards and procedures may not adequately mitigate the risks to our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

If our risk management policies, standards and procedures are ineffective, we may suffer unexpected losses and could be materially adversely affected. As our businesses change and the markets in which we operate evolve, new risks emerge, including risks posed by the rapidly developing technology associated with AI and the implementation thereof within our operations, by our third-party vendors and by competitors, and unanticipated challenges with respect thereto. As a result, new products or new business strategies may present risks that are not appropriately identified, monitored or managed. The effectiveness of our risk management strategies may be limited, resulting in losses, because of market stress or unanticipated financial market movements. In addition, there can be no assurance that we can effectively review and monitor all risks or that all of our employees will understand, follow and comply with our risk management policies and procedures.

AIG | 2025 Form 10-K			19