Item 1. Business

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General

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Amphenol Corporation (together with its subsidiaries, “Amphenol”, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) is one of the world’s largest designers, manufacturers and marketers of electrical, electronic and fiber optic connectors and interconnect systems, antennas, sensors and sensor-based products and coaxial and high-speed specialty cable. The Company estimates, based on reports of industry analysts, that worldwide sales of interconnect and sensor-related products were approximately $175 billion in 2019.

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Certain predecessor businesses of the Company were founded in 1932 and the Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware in 1986. The Company’s Class A Common Stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange in 1991.

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The Company’s strategy is to provide our customers with comprehensive design capabilities, a broad selection of products and a high level of service on a worldwide basis while maintaining continuing programs of productivity improvement and cost control. The Company operates through two reporting segments: (i) Interconnect Products and Assemblies and (ii) Cable Products and Solutions. The Interconnect Products and Assemblies segment primarily designs, manufactures and markets a broad range of connector and connector systems, value-add products and other products, including antennas and sensors, used in a broad range of applications in a diverse set of end markets. Interconnect products include connectors, which when attached to an electrical, electronic or fiber optic cable, a printed circuit board or other device, facilitate transmission of power or signals. Value-add systems generally consist of a system of cable, flexible circuits or printed circuit boards and connectors for linking electronic equipment. The Cable Products and Solutions segment primarily designs, manufactures and markets cable, value-add products and components for use primarily in the broadband communications and information technology markets as well as certain applications in other markets.

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The table below provides a summary of our reporting segments, the 2019 net sales contribution of each segment, the primary industry and end markets that we service and our key products:

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Reporting Segment		Interconnect Products and Assemblies		Cable Products and Solutions
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% of 2019 Net Sales:	​	95%	​	5%
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Primary End Markets	​	● Automotive ● Broadband Communications ● Commercial Aerospace ● Industrial ● Information Technology and Data Communications ● Military ● Mobile Devices ● Mobile Networks	​	● Automotive ● Broadband Communications ● Industrial ● Information Technology and Data Communications ● Mobile Networks
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Key Products	​	Connector and Connector Systems: ● fiber optic interconnect products ● harsh environment interconnect products ● high-speed interconnect products ● power interconnect products, busbars and distribution systems ● radio frequency interconnect products and antennas ● other connectors ​ Value-Add Products: ● backplane interconnect systems ● cable assemblies and harnesses ● cable management products ​ Other: ● antennas ● flexible and rigid printed circuit boards ● hinges ● molded parts ● production-related products ● sensors and sensor-based products ● switches	​	Cable: ● coaxial cable ● power cable ● specialty cable ​ Value-Add Products: ● cable assemblies ​ Components: ● combiner/splitter products ● connector and connector systems ● fiber optic components

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Information regarding the Company’s operations and assets by reporting segment, as well as the Company’s net sales and long-lived assets by geographic area, appears in Note 13 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Our Strategy

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The Company’s overall strategy is to provide its customers with comprehensive design capabilities, a broad selection of products and a high level of service on a worldwide basis while maintaining continuing programs of productivity improvement and cost control. Specifically, our business strategy is as follows:

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	●	Pursue broad diversification - The Company constantly drives to increase the diversity of its markets, customers, applications and products. Due to the tremendous variety of opportunities in the electronics industry, management believes that it is important to ensure participation wherever significant growth opportunities are available. This diversification positions us to proliferate our technologies across the broadest array of opportunities and reduces our exposure to any particular market, thereby reducing the variability of our financial performance. An overview of the Company’s market and product participation is described under “Markets”.

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	●	Develop high technology performance-enhancing interconnect solutions - The Company seeks to expand the scope and number of its preferred supplier relationships. The Company works closely with its customers at the design stage to create and manufacture innovative solutions. These products generally have higher value-added content than other interconnect products and have been developed across the Company’s markets. The Company is focused on technology leadership in the interconnect areas of radio frequency, power, harsh environment, high-speed and fiber optics, as well as sensors, as it views these technology areas to be of particular importance to our global customer base.

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	●	Expand global presence - The Company intends to further expand its global manufacturing, engineering, sales and service operations to better serve its existing customer base, penetrate developing markets and establish new customer relationships. As the Company’s global customers expand their international operations to access developing world markets and lower manufacturing costs in certain regions, the Company is continuing to expand its international footprint in order to provide real-time capabilities to these customers. The majority of the Company’s international operations have broad capabilities including new product development. The Company is also able to take advantage of the lower manufacturing costs in some regions, and has established low-cost manufacturing and assembly facilities in the Americas, Europe/Africa and Asia.

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	●	Control costs - The Company recognizes the importance in today’s global marketplace of maintaining a competitive cost structure. Innovation, product quality and performance and comprehensive customer service are not mutually exclusive with controlling costs. Controlling costs is part of a mindset. It is having the discipline to invest in programs that have a good return, maintaining a cost structure as flexible as possible to respond to changes in the marketplace, dealing with suppliers and vendors in a fair but prudent way to ensure a reasonable cost for materials and services and creating a mindset where managers manage the Company’s assets as if they were their own.

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	●	Pursue strategic acquisitions and investments - The Company believes that the industry in which it operates is highly fragmented and continues to provide significant opportunities for strategic acquisitions. Accordingly, we continue to pursue acquisitions of high-growth potential companies with strong management teams that complement our existing business while further expanding our product lines, technological capabilities and geographic presence. Furthermore, we seek to enhance the performance of acquired companies by leveraging Amphenol’s position with customers across our diverse end markets, our leading technologies and our access to low-cost manufacturing around the world. In 2019, the Company invested approximately $937 million to fund nine acquisitions, while in 2018, the Company invested approximately $159 million to fund three acquisitions. Our acquisitions in 2019 and 2018 have strengthened our customer base and product offerings in many of our end markets.

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	●	Foster collaborative, entrepreneurial management - Amphenol’s management system is designed to provide clear income statement and balance sheet responsibility in a flat organizational structure. Each general manager is incented to grow and develop his or her business and to think entrepreneurially in providing innovative, timely and cost-effective solutions to customer needs. In addition, Amphenol’s general managers have access to the resources of the larger organization and are encouraged to work collaboratively with their peers throughout the Company to meet the needs of the expanding marketplace and to achieve common goals.

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Markets

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The Company sells products to customers in a diversified set of end markets. For a discussion of certain risks related to the Company’s markets, refer to the subsection titled “Risks related to our end markets” included in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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Automotive - Amphenol is a leading supplier of advanced interconnect systems, sensors and antennas for a growing array of automotive applications. In addition, Amphenol has developed advanced technology solutions for hybrid and electric vehicles and is working with leading global customers to proliferate these advanced interconnect products into next-generation automobiles. Sales into the automotive market represented approximately 19% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	antennas

	●	engine management and control

	●	exhaust monitoring and cleaning

	●	hybrid and electric vehicles

	●	infotainment and communications

	●	lighting

	●	power management

	●	safety and security systems

	●	sensing systems

	●	telematics systems

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Broadband Communications - Amphenol is a world leader in broadband communication products for cable, satellite and telco video and data networks, with industry-leading engineering, design and manufacturing expertise. The Company offers a wide range of products to service the broadband market, from customer premises cable and interconnect devices to distribution cable and fiber optic components, as well as interconnect products integrated into headend equipment. Sales into the broadband communications market represented approximately 4% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	cable, satellite and telco networks

	●	customer premises equipment

	●	high-speed internet hardware

	●	network switching equipment

	●	satellite interface devices

	●	set top boxes

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Commercial Aerospace - Amphenol is a leading provider of high-performance interconnect systems and components to the commercial aerospace market. In addition to connector and interconnect assembly products, the Company also provides rigid and flexible printed circuits as well as high-technology cable management products. Our products are specifically designed to operate in the harsh environments of commercial aerospace while also providing substantial weight reduction, simplified installation and minimal maintenance. Sales into the commercial aerospace market represented approximately 5% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	aircraft and airframe power distribution

	●	avionics

	●	controls and instrumentation

	●	engines

	●	in-flight entertainment

	●	in-flight internet connectivity

	●	lighting and control systems

	●	wire bundling and cable management

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Industrial - Amphenol is a technology leader in the design, manufacture and supply of high-performance interconnect systems, sensors and antennas for a broad range of industrial applications. Amphenol’s core competencies include application-specific industrial interconnect solutions utilizing integrated assemblies, including with both cable and flexible printed circuits, as well as high-power interconnects requiring advanced engineering and system integration. In particular, our innovative solutions facilitate the increasing demands of embedded computing and power distribution.

Sales into the industrial market represented approximately 20% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	agriculture equipment

	●	alternative and traditional energy generation

	●	batteries and hybrid drive systems

	●	factory and machine tool automation

	●	heavy equipment

	●	instrumentation

	●	internet of things

	●	LED lighting

	●	marine

	●	medical equipment

	●	oil and gas

	●	power distribution

	●	rail mass transit

	●	smart manufacturing

	●	transportation

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Information Technology and Data Communications - Amphenol is a global provider of interconnect solutions to designers, manufacturers and operators of internet-enabling systems. With our industry-leading high-speed, power and fiber optic technologies, together with superior simulation and testing capability and cost effectiveness, Amphenol is a market leader in interconnect development for the information technology (“IT”) and datacom market. Whether industry standard or application-specific designs are required, Amphenol provides customers with products that enable performance at the leading edge of next-generation, high-speed, power and fiber optic technologies. Sales into the IT and datacom market represented approximately 19% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	cloud computing and data centers

	●	gaming systems

	●	internet appliances

	●	networking equipment

	●	servers

	●	storage systems

	●	transmission

	●	web service providers

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Military - Amphenol is a world leader in the design, manufacture and supply of high-performance interconnect systems for harsh environment military applications. Such products require superior performance and reliability under conditions of stress and in hostile environments such as vibration, pressure, humidity, nuclear radiation and rapid and severe temperature changes. Amphenol provides an unparalleled product breadth, from military specification connectors to customized high-speed board level interconnects; from flexible to rigid printed circuit boards; and from backplane systems to completely integrated assemblies. Amphenol is a technology leader, participating in major programs from the earliest inception across each phase of the production cycle. Sales into the military market represented approximately 12% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	avionics

	●	communications

	●	engines

	●	ground vehicles and tanks

	●	homeland security

	●	naval

	●	ordnance and missile systems

	●	radar systems

	●	rotorcraft

	●	satellite and space programs

	●	unmanned aerial vehicles

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Mobile Devices - Amphenol designs and manufactures an extensive range of interconnect products, antennas and electromechanical components found in a wide array of mobile computing devices. Amphenol’s capability for high-volume production of these technically demanding, miniaturized products, combined with our speed of new product introduction, are critical drivers of the Company’s long-term success in this market. Sales into the mobile devices market represented approximately 13% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	consumer electronics

	●	mobile and smart phones, including accessories

	●	mobile computing devices, including laptops, tablets, ultrabooks and e-readers

	●	production-related products

	●	wearable and hearable devices

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Mobile Networks - Amphenol is a leading global interconnect solutions provider to the mobile networks market and offers a wide product portfolio, including antennas, connectors and interconnect systems. The Company’s products are used in current and next generation wireless communications standards, including in 5G networks. In addition, the Company works with service providers around the world to offer an array of antennas and installation-related site solution interconnect products. Sales into the mobile networks market represented approximately 8% of the Company’s net sales in 2019 with sales into the following primary end applications:

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	●	antenna systems

	●	base stations

	●	combiners, filters and amplifiers

	●	core network controllers

	●	distributed antenna systems (DAS)

	●	mobile switches

	●	radio links

	●	small cells

	●	wireless routers

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Customers and Geographies

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The Company manufactures and sells a broad portfolio of products on a global basis to customers in various industries. Our customers include many of the leaders in their respective industries, and our relationships with them typically date back many years. We believe that our diversified customer base provides us an opportunity to leverage our skills and experience across markets and reduces our exposure to particular end markets. Additionally, we believe that the diversity of our customer base is an important strength of the Company.

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There has been a trend on the part of customers to consolidate their lists of qualified suppliers to companies that have the ability to meet certain technical, quality, delivery and other standards while maintaining competitive prices. The Company has positioned its global resources to compete effectively in this environment. As an industry leader, the Company has established close working relationships with many of its customers on a global basis. These relationships allow the Company to better anticipate and respond to these customer needs when designing new products and new technical solutions. By working with customers in developing new products and technologies, the Company is able to identify and act on trends and leverage knowledge about next-generation technology across our portfolio of products. In addition, the Company has concentrated its efforts on service, procurement and manufacturing improvements designed to increase product quality and performance and lower product lead-time and cost. For a discussion of certain risks related to the Company’s sales, refer to the subsection titled “Risks related to our end markets” included in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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The Company’s products are sold to thousands of original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) in numerous countries throughout the world. The Company’s products are also sold to electronic manufacturing services (“EMS”) companies, to original design manufacturers (“ODMs”) and to service providers, including telecommunications network service providers and web service providers. No single customer accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s net sales for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, aggregate sales to Apple Inc., including sales of products to EMS companies that the Company believes are manufacturing products on Apple’s behalf, accounted for approximately 12% of our net sales.

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The Company sells its products through its own global sales force, independent representatives and a global network of electronics distributors. The Company’s sales to distributors represented approximately 15% of the Company’s net sales in 2019. In addition to product design teams and collaborative initiatives with customers, the Company uses key account managers to manage customer relationships on a global basis such that it can bring to bear its total resources to meet the worldwide needs of its multinational customers.

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Manufacturing

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The Company is a global manufacturer employing advanced manufacturing processes including molding, stamping, plating, turning, CNC machining, extruding, die casting and assembly operations and proprietary process technology for specialty and coaxial cable production and sensor fabrication. Outsourcing of certain manufacturing processes is used when cost-effective. Substantially all of the Company’s manufacturing facilities are certified to the ISO9000 series of quality standards, and many of the Company’s manufacturing facilities are certified to other quality standards, including QS9000, ISO14000 and TS16949.

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The Company’s manufacturing facilities are generally vertically-integrated operations from the initial design stage through final design and manufacturing. The Company has an established manufacturing presence in more than 30 countries. Our global coverage positions us near many of our customers’ locations and allows us to assist them in consolidating their supply base and lowering their production and logistics costs. In addition, the Company generally relies on local general management in every region, which we believe creates a strong degree of organizational stability and deeper understanding of local markets. We believe our balanced geographic distribution lowers our exposure to any particular geography. The Company designs, manufactures and assembles its products at facilities in the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. The Company believes that its global presence is an important competitive advantage, as it allows the Company to provide quality products on a timely and worldwide basis to its multinational customers.

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The Company employs a global manufacturing strategy to ensure proximity and good service to customers, while also lowering production and logistics costs. The Company’s strategy is to maintain strong cost controls in its manufacturing and assembly operations. The Company is continually evaluating and adjusting its expense levels and workforce to reflect current business conditions and maximize the return on capital investments. The Company sources its products on a worldwide basis. To better serve certain high-volume customers, the Company has established certain facilities near these major customers. The Company seeks to position its manufacturing and assembly facilities in order to serve local markets while coordinating as appropriate product design and manufacturing responsibility with the Company’s other operations around the world. For a discussion of certain risks related to the Company’s foreign operations, refer to the subsection titled “Risks related to our global operations” included in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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Research and Development

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The Company generally implements its product development strategy through product design teams and collaborative initiatives with customers, which often results in the Company obtaining approved vendor status for its customers’ new products and programs. The Company focuses its research and development efforts primarily on those product areas that it believes have the potential for broad market applications and significant sales within a one- to three-year period. The Company seeks to have its products become widely accepted within the industry for similar applications and products manufactured by other potential customers, which the Company believes will provide additional sources of future revenue. By developing application specific products, the Company is able to decrease its exposure to standard products, which are more likely to experience greater pricing pressure. At the end of 2019, our research, development, and engineering efforts, which relate to the creation of new and improved products and processes, were supported by approximately 3,100 employees and were performed primarily by individual operating units focused on specific markets and product technologies.

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Intellectual Property

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Patents and other proprietary rights are important to our business. We own a large portfolio of patents that principally relate to electrical, optical, electronic, antenna and sensor products. We also own a portfolio of trademarks and are a licensee of various patents and trademarks. Patents for individual products extend for varying periods according to the date of patent filing or grant and the legal term of patents in the various countries where patent

protection is obtained. Trademark rights may potentially extend for longer periods of time and are dependent upon the laws of various jurisdictions and the use of the trademarks.

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We also rely upon trade secrets, manufacturing know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to maintain and improve our competitive position. We review third-party proprietary rights, including patents and patent applications, as available, in an effort to develop an effective intellectual property strategy, avoid infringement of third-party proprietary rights, identify licensing opportunities and monitor the intellectual property claims of others.

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From time to time, the Company is involved in disputes with third parties regarding the Company’s or such third party’s intellectual property assets, particularly patents. While we consider our patents and trademarks to be valuable assets, we do not believe that our competitive position or our operations are dependent upon or would be materially impacted by the loss of any single patent or group of related patents, or by a third party’s successful enforcement of its patents against us or any of our products. For a discussion of certain risks related to the Company’s intellectual property, refer to the risk factor titled “The Company relies on patent and trade secret laws, copyright, trademark, confidentiality procedures, controls and contractual commitments to protect our intellectual property rights” in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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Raw Materials

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The Company purchases a wide variety of raw materials for the manufacture of its products, including (i) precious metals such as gold, silver and palladium, (ii) aluminum, steel, copper, titanium and metal alloy products and (iii) plastic materials. The Company also purchases a wide variety of mechanical and electronic components for the manufacturing of its products. Such raw materials and components are generally available throughout the world and are purchased locally from a variety of suppliers. The Company is generally not dependent upon any one source for raw materials or components or, if one source is used, the Company attempts to protect itself through long-term supply agreements. The Company does not anticipate any difficulties in obtaining raw materials or components necessary for production. Information regarding our purchasing obligations related to commitments to purchase certain goods and services is disclosed in Note 14 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements. For a discussion of certain risks related to raw materials and components, refer to the risk factor titled “The Company has at times experienced difficulties in obtaining a consistent supply of materials at stable pricing levels” in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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Competition

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The Company encounters competition in substantially all areas of its business. The Company competes primarily on the basis of technology innovation, product quality and performance, price, customer service and delivery time. Primary competitors within the Interconnect Products and Assemblies segment include Carlisle, Commscope, Delphi, Esterline, Foxconn, Hirose, Huber & Suhner, ICT Luxshare, JAE, Jonhon, JST, Molex, Radiall, Rosenberger, Sensata, TE Connectivity, Yazaki and 3M, among others. Primary competitors within the Cable Products and Solutions segment include Belden and Commscope, among others. In addition, the Company competes with a large number of smaller companies who compete in specific geographies, markets or products. For a discussion of certain risks related to competition, refer to the risk factor titled “The Company encounters competition in substantially all areas of its business” in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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Backlog

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The Company estimates that its backlog of unfilled firm orders as of December 31, 2019 was approximately $1.978 billion compared with backlog of approximately $1.720 billion as of December 31, 2018. Orders typically fluctuate from quarter to quarter based on customer demand and general business conditions. Unfilled orders may generally be cancelled prior to shipment of goods. It is expected that all or a substantial portion of the backlog will be filled within the next 12 months. Significant elements of the Company’s business, such as sales to the communications-related markets (including wireless communications, information technology and data communications and broadband communications) and sales to distributors, generally have short lead times. Therefore, backlog may not be indicative of future demand.

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Employees

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As of December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately 74,000 employees worldwide. The Company believes that it has a good relationship with its unionized and non-unionized employees.

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Environmental Matters

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Certain operations of the Company are subject to environmental laws and regulations which govern the discharge of pollutants into the air and water, as well as the handling and disposal of solid and hazardous wastes. The Company believes that its operations are currently in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations and that the costs of continuing compliance will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. For a discussion of certain risks related to environmental matters, refer to the risk factor titled “The Company is subject to environmental laws and regulations that could adversely affect its business” in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors herein.

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Available Information

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The Company’s annual report on Form 10-K and all of the Company’s other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), such as quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports, are available to view, free of charge, on the Company’s website, www.amphenol.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with, or furnished to, the SEC. Copies are also available without charge, from Amphenol Corporation, Investor Relations, 358 Hall Avenue, Wallingford, CT 06492.

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