Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands)


	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Investments in real estate	$32,951,777	$31,633,511
Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures	40,170	37,780
Cash and cash equivalents	562,606	618,190
Restricted cash	17,031	42,581
Tenant receivables	6,980	8,211
Deferred rent	1,216,176	1,050,319
Deferred leasing costs	516,872	509,398
Investments	1,519,327	1,449,518
Other assets	1,657,189	1,421,894
Total assets	$38,488,128	$36,771,402

Liabilities, Noncontrolling Interests, and Equity
Secured notes payable	$145,000	$119,662
Unsecured senior notes payable	12,092,012	11,096,028
Unsecured senior line of credit and commercial paper	454,589	99,952
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	2,865,886	2,610,943
Dividends payable	227,191	221,824
Total liabilities	15,784,678	14,148,409

Commitments and contingencies

Redeemable noncontrolling interests	16,510	16,480

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity:
Common stock	1,722	1,719
Additional paid-in capital	18,238,438	18,485,352
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(22,529)	(15,896)
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders’ equity	18,217,631	18,471,175
Noncontrolling interests	4,469,309	4,135,338
Total equity	22,686,940	22,606,513
Total liabilities, noncontrolling interests, and equity	$38,488,128	$36,771,402

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Revenues:
Income from rentals	$775,744	$707,531	$2,286,457	$2,099,819
Other income	15,863	6,257	40,992	28,664
Total revenues	791,607	713,788	2,327,449	2,128,483

Expenses:
Rental operations	233,265	217,687	668,833	636,454
General and administrative	43,945	45,987	135,629	140,065
Interest	43,550	11,411	130,179	42,237
Depreciation and amortization	293,998	269,370	872,272	808,227
Impairment of real estate	5,741	20,649	36,504	189,224
Total expenses	620,499	565,104	1,843,417	1,816,207

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures	139	242	424	617
Investment income (loss)	15,242	(80,672)	14,866	(204,051)
Gain on sales of real estate	27,114	—	27,506	214,810
Net income	213,603	68,254	526,828	323,652
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(45,656)	(43,985)	(141,634)	(131,584)
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders	167,947	24,269	385,194	192,068
Net income attributable to unvested restricted stock awards	(3,273)	(2,414)	(10,717)	(7,697)
Net income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders	$164,674	$21,855	$374,477	$184,371

Net income per share attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s common stockholders:
Basic	$0.96	$0.13	$2.18	$1.08
Diluted	$0.96	$0.13	$2.18	$1.08

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Net income	$213,603	$68,254	$526,828	$323,652
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Unrealized gains (losses) on foreign currency translation:
Unrealized foreign currency translation gains (losses) arising during the period	5,056	(8,395)	(6,758)	(4,172)
Reclassification adjustment for losses included in net income	125	—	125	—
Unrealized gains (losses) on foreign currency translation, net	5,181	(8,395)	(6,633)	(4,172)

Total other comprehensive income (loss)	5,181	(8,395)	(6,633)	(4,172)
Comprehensive income	218,784	59,859	520,195	319,480
Less: comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(45,656)	(43,985)	(141,634)	(131,584)
Comprehensive income attributable to Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s stockholders	$173,128	$15,874	$378,561	$187,896

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity
	Number of Common Shares	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Total Equity	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance as of June 30, 2024	172,017,674	$1,720	$18,284,611	$—	$(27,710)	$4,391,806	$22,650,427	$16,440
Net income	—	—	—	167,947	—	45,385	213,332	271
Total other comprehensive income	—	—	—	—	5,181	—	5,181	—
Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests	—	—	490	—	—	91,118	91,608	—
Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(59,000)	(59,000)	(201)
Issuance pursuant to stock plan	376,781	4	31,235	—	—	—	31,239	—
Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards	(150,054)	(2)	(18,654)	—	—	—	(18,656)	—
Dividends declared on common stock ($1.30 per share)	—	—	—	(227,191)	—	—	(227,191)	—
Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings	—	—	(59,244)	59,244	—	—	—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2024	172,244,401	$1,722	$18,238,438	$—	$(22,529)	$4,469,309	$22,686,940	$16,510

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity
	Number of Common Shares	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Total Equity	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance as of June 30, 2023	170,869,778	$1,709	$18,812,318	$—	$(16,589)	$3,917,186	$22,714,624	$52,628
Net income	—	—	—	24,269	—	43,737	68,006	248
Total other comprehensive loss	—	—	—	—	(8,395)	—	(8,395)	—
Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests	—	—	6,455	—	—	130,271	136,726	—
Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(57,881)	(57,881)	(1,218)
Issuance pursuant to stock plan	203,826	2	31,196	—	—	—	31,198	—
Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards	(76,765)	(1)	(8,603)	—	—	—	(8,604)	—
Dividends declared on common stock ($1.24 per share)	—	—	—	(214,450)	—	—	(214,450)	—
Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings	—	—	(190,181)	190,181	—	—	—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2023	170,996,839	$1,710	$18,651,185	$—	$(24,984)	$4,033,313	$22,661,224	$51,658

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity
	Number of Common Shares	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Total Equity	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance as of December 31, 2023	171,910,599	$1,719	$18,485,352	$—	$(15,896)	$4,135,338	$22,606,513	$16,480
Net income	—	—	—	385,194	—	140,820	526,014	814
Total other comprehensive loss	—	—	—	—	(6,633)	—	(6,633)	—
Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests	—	—	8,190	—	—	350,003	358,193	—
Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests	—	—	(8,084)	—	—	(186,787)	(194,871)	(1,034)
Transfer of noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(250)	(250)	250
Reallocation of capital to joint venture partner	—	—	(30,185)	—	—	30,185	—	—
Issuance pursuant to stock plan	555,959	6	101,302	—	—	—	101,308	—
Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards	(222,157)	(3)	(26,598)	—	—	—	(26,601)	—
Dividends declared on common stock ($3.87 per share)	—	—	—	(676,733)	—	—	(676,733)	—
Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings	—	—	(291,539)	291,539	—	—	—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2024	172,244,401	$1,722	$18,238,438	$—	$(22,529)	$4,469,309	$22,686,940	$16,510

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity and Noncontrolling Interests

(Dollars in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s Stockholders’ Equity
	Number of Common Shares	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Noncontrolling Interests	Total Equity	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
Balance as of December 31, 2022	170,748,395	$1,707	$18,991,492	$—	$(20,812)	$3,701,248	$22,673,635	$9,612
Net income	—	—	—	192,068	—	130,934	323,002	650
Total other comprehensive loss	—	—	—	—	(4,172)	—	(4,172)	—
Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests	—	—	30,400	—	—	400,993	431,393	35,250
Distributions to and redemption of noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(192,096)	(192,096)	(1,620)
Transfer of noncontrolling interests	—	—	—	—	—	(7,766)	(7,766)	7,766
Issuance pursuant to stock plan	412,755	4	96,648	—	—	—	96,652	—
Taxes related to net settlement of equity awards	(164,311)	(1)	(21,072)	—	—	—	(21,073)	—
Dividends declared on common stock ($3.69 per share)	—	—	—	(638,351)	—	—	(638,351)	—
Reclassification of distributions in excess of earnings	—	—	(446,283)	446,283	—	—	—	—
Balance as of September 30, 2023	170,996,839	$1,710	$18,651,185	$—	$(24,984)	$4,033,313	$22,661,224	$51,658

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023
Operating Activities:
Net income	$526,828	$323,652
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	872,272	808,227
Impairment of real estate	36,504	189,224
Gain on sales of real estate	(27,506)	(214,810)
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures	(424)	(617)
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated real estate joint ventures	2,637	2,590
Amortization of loan fees	12,510	11,427
Amortization of debt discounts	976	898
Amortization of acquired above- and below-market leases	(70,167)	(69,647)
Deferred rent	(125,676)	(92,331)
Stock compensation expense	47,157	48,266
Investment (income) loss	(14,866)	204,051
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Tenant receivables	1,216	1,199
Deferred leasing costs	(74,608)	(81,573)
Other assets	(36,334)	(20,907)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities	79,827	92,284
Net cash provided by operating activities	1,230,346	1,201,933

Investing Activities:
Proceeds from sales of real estate	229,790	761,321
Additions to real estate	(1,932,351)	(2,600,999)
Purchases of real estate	(201,049)	(257,333)
Change in escrow deposits	(5,512)	(5,982)
Investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures	(4,039)	(499)
Additions to non-real estate investments	(185,560)	(156,363)
Sales of and distributions from non-real estate investments	141,762	149,299
Net cash used in investing activities	$(1,956,959)	$(2,110,556)


Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (In thousands) (Unaudited)
	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023

Financing Activities:
Borrowings under secured notes payable	$24,853	$49,578
Repayments of borrowings from secured notes payable	(32)	(30)
Proceeds from issuance of unsecured senior notes payable	998,806	996,205
Borrowings under unsecured senior line of credit	—	375,000
Repayments of borrowings under unsecured senior line of credit	—	(375,000)
Proceeds from issuances under commercial paper program	7,935,600	1,705,000
Repayments of borrowings under commercial paper program	(7,580,600)	(1,705,000)
Payments of loan fees	(36,366)	(16,047)
Taxes paid related to net settlement of equity awards	(45,670)	(20,203)
Dividends on common stock	(671,366)	(633,032)
Contributions from and sales of noncontrolling interests	251,252	436,207
Distributions to and purchases of noncontrolling interests	(231,072)	(193,716)
Net cash provided by financing activities	645,405	618,962

Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	74	(603)

Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(81,134)	(290,264)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the beginning of period	660,771	857,975
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as of the end of period	$579,637	$567,711

Supplemental Disclosure and Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Cash paid during the period for interest, net of interest capitalized	$87,660	$16,559
Accrued construction for current-period additions to real estate	$419,072	$641,705
Contribution of assets from and issuance of noncontrolling interest to real estate joint venture partner	$106,941	$33,250
Reallocation of additional paid-in-capital to consolidated joint venture partner’s non- controlling interest	$30,185	$—
Transfer of real estate assets and/or equipment from tenants	$107,562	$—
Initial recognition of right-of-use asset and lease liability	$265,110	$—

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

**1.**ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. (NYSE: ARE), an S&P 500® life science REIT, is the pioneer of the life science real estate

niche since its founding in 1994. Alexandria is the preeminent and longest-tenured owner, operator, and developer of collaborative

mega campuses in AAA life science innovation cluster locations, including Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, San Diego,

Seattle, Maryland, Research Triangle, and New York City. As of September 30, 2024, Alexandria has a total market capitalization of

$33.1 billion and an asset base in North America that includes 41.8 million RSF of operating properties, 5.3 million RSF of Class A/A+

properties undergoing construction, and one committed near-term project expected to commence construction in the next two years. As

used in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, references to the “Company,” “Alexandria,” “ARE,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Alexandria

Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the

accounts of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. All significant intercompany balances and

transactions have been eliminated.

We have prepared the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP and in conformity

with the rules and regulations of the SEC. In our opinion, these interim consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect all

adjustments, of a normal recurring nature, that are necessary to fairly present the interim consolidated financial statements. The results

of operations for the interim period are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31,

These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial

statements and the notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. Any references to

our total market capitalization, number or quality of buildings or tenants, quality of location, square footage, number of leases, or

occupancy percentage, and any amounts derived from these values in these notes to consolidated financial statements are outside the

scope of our independent registered public accounting firm’s procedures.

**2.**SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Consolidation

On an ongoing basis, as circumstances indicate the need for reconsideration, we evaluate each legal entity that is not wholly

owned by us in accordance with the consolidation accounting guidance. Our evaluation considers all of our variable interests, including

equity ownership, as well as fees paid to us for our involvement in the management of each partially owned entity. To fall within the

scope of the consolidation guidance, an entity must meet both of the following criteria:

The entity has a legal structure that has been established to conduct business activities and to hold assets; such entity

can be in the form of a partnership, limited liability company, or corporation, among others; and

We have a variable interest in the legal entity — i.e., variable interests that are contractual, such as equity ownership, or

other financial interests that change with changes in the fair value of the entity’s net assets.

If an entity does not meet both criteria above, we apply other accounting literature, such as the equity method of accounting. If

an entity does meet both criteria above, we evaluate such entity for consolidation under either the variable interest model if the legal

entity meets any of the characteristics below to qualify as a VIE, or under the voting model for all other legal entities that are not VIEs.

A legal entity is determined to be a VIE if it has any of the following three characteristics:

1)The entity does not have sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support;

2)The entity is established with non-substantive voting rights (i.e., the entity deprives the majority economic interest

holder(s) of voting rights); or

3)The equity holders, as a group, lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. Equity holders meet this criterion

if they lack any of the following:

The power, through voting rights or similar rights, to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly influence

the entity’s economic performance, as evidenced by:

Substantive participating rights in day-to-day management of the entity’s activities; or
Substantive kick-out rights over the party responsible for significant decisions;
The obligation to absorb the entity’s expected losses; or
The right to receive the entity’s expected residual returns.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

For an entity, including our real estate joint ventures, structured as a limited partnership or a limited liability company, our

evaluation of whether the equity holders (equity partners other than the general partner or the managing member of a joint venture) lack

the characteristics of a controlling financial interest includes the evaluation of whether the limited partners or non-managing members

(the noncontrolling equity holders) lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, defined as follows:

Participating rights provide the noncontrolling equity holders the ability to direct significant financial and operating

decisions made in the ordinary course of business that most significantly influence the entity’s economic performance.

Kick-out rights allow the noncontrolling equity holders to remove the general partner or managing member without cause.

If we conclude that any of the three characteristics of a VIE are met, including that the equity holders lack the characteristics of

a controlling financial interest because they lack both substantive participating rights and substantive kick-out rights, we conclude that

the entity is a VIE and evaluate it for consolidation under the variable interest model.

Variable interest model

If an entity is determined to be a VIE, we evaluate whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary analysis is

a qualitative analysis based on power and benefits. We consolidate a VIE if we have both power and benefits — that is, (i) we have the

power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly influence the VIE’s economic performance (power) and (ii) we have the

obligation to absorb losses of or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE (benefits). We

consolidate VIEs whenever we determine that we are the primary beneficiary. Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real

estate joint ventures” and Note 7 – “Investments” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for information on specific entities

that qualify as VIEs. If we have a variable interest in a VIE but are not the primary beneficiary, we account for our investment using the

equity method.

Voting model

If a legal entity fails to meet any of the three characteristics of a VIE (i.e., insufficiency of equity, existence of non-substantive

voting rights, or lack of a controlling financial interest), we then evaluate such entity under the voting model. Under the voting model, we

consolidate the entity if we determine that we, directly or indirectly, have greater than 50% of the voting shares (or own a majority of the

limited partnership’s kick-out rights through voting interests), and that other equity holders do not have substantive participating rights.

Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for

information on specific joint ventures that qualify for evaluation under the voting model.

Use of estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions

that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and equity; the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the

consolidated financial statements; and the amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could

materially differ from those estimates.

Investments in real estate

Evaluation of business combination or asset acquisition

We evaluate each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate (including equity interests in entities that predominantly

hold real estate assets) to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and

needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the

definition of a business is accounted for as an asset acquisition. If either of the following criteria is met, the integrated set of assets and

activities acquired would not qualify as a business:

Substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired is concentrated in either a single identifiable asset or a group

of similar identifiable assets; or

The integrated set of assets and activities is lacking, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together

significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs (i.e., revenue generated before and after the transaction).

An acquired process is considered substantive if:

The process includes an organized workforce (or includes an acquired contract that provides access to an organized

workforce) that is skilled, knowledgeable, and experienced in performing the process;

The process cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay; or
The process is considered unique or scarce.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Generally, our acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate do not meet the definition of a business because

substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land, buildings,

and related intangible assets) or because the acquisition does not include a substantive process in the form of an acquired workforce or

an acquired contract that cannot be replaced without significant cost, effort, or delay. When evaluating acquired service or management

contracts, we consider the nature of the services performed, the terms of the contract relative to similar arm’s-length contracts, and the

availability of comparable vendors in evaluating whether the acquired contract constitutes a substantive process.

Recognition of real estate acquired

We evaluate each acquisition of real estate or in-substance real estate (including equity interests in entities that predominantly

hold real estate assets) to determine whether the integrated set of assets and activities acquired meets the definition of a business and

needs to be accounted for as a business combination. An acquisition of an integrated set of assets and activities that does not meet the

definition of a business is accounted for as an asset acquisition.

For acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate that are accounted for as business combinations, we allocate the

acquisition consideration (excluding acquisition costs) to the assets acquired, liabilities assumed, noncontrolling interests, and

previously existing ownership interests at fair value as of the acquisition date. Assets include intangible assets such as tenant

relationships, acquired in-place leases, and favorable intangibles associated with in-place leases in which we are the lessor. Liabilities

include unfavorable intangibles associated with in-place leases in which we are the lessor. In addition, for acquired in-place finance or

operating leases in which we are the lessee, acquisition consideration is allocated to lease liabilities and related right-of-use assets,

adjusted to reflect favorable or unfavorable terms of the lease when compared with market terms. Any excess (deficit) of the

consideration transferred relative to the fair value of the net assets acquired is accounted for as goodwill (bargain purchase gain).

Acquisition costs related to business combinations are expensed as incurred.

Generally, we expect that acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate will not meet the definition of a business

because substantially all of the fair value is concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets (i.e., land,

buildings, and related intangible assets). The accounting model for asset acquisitions is similar to the accounting model for business

combinations, except that the acquisition consideration (including acquisition costs) is allocated to the individual assets acquired and

liabilities assumed on a relative fair value basis. Any excess (deficit) of the consideration transferred relative to the sum of the fair value

of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is allocated to the individual assets and liabilities based on their relative fair values. As a

result, asset acquisitions do not result in the recognition of goodwill or a bargain purchase gain. Incremental and external direct

acquisition costs related to acquisitions of real estate or in-substance real estate (such as legal and other third-party services) are

capitalized.

We exercise judgment to determine the key assumptions used to allocate the purchase price of real estate acquired among its

components. The allocation of the consideration to the various components of properties acquired during the year can have an effect on

our net income due to the useful depreciable and amortizable lives applicable to each component and the recognition of the related

depreciation and amortization expense in our consolidated statements of operations. We apply judgment in utilizing available

comparable market information to assess relative fair value. We assess the relative fair values of tangible and intangible assets and

liabilities based on available comparable market information, including estimated replacement costs, rental rates, and recent market

transactions. In addition, we may use estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates.

Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors, including the historical operating results, known and anticipated

trends, and market/economic conditions that may affect the property.

The value of tangible assets acquired is based upon our estimation of fair value on an “as if vacant” basis. The value of

acquired in-place leases includes the estimated costs during the hypothetical lease-up period and other costs that would have been

incurred in the execution of similar leases under the market conditions at the acquisition date of the acquired in-place lease. If there is a

bargain fixed-rate renewal option for the period beyond the noncancelable lease term of an in-place lease, we evaluate intangible

factors, such as the business conditions in the industry in which the lessee operates, the economic conditions in the area in which the

property is located, and the ability of the lessee to sublease the property during the renewal term, in order to determine the likelihood

that the lessee will renew. When we determine that there is reasonable assurance that such bargain purchase option will be exercised,

we consider the option in determining the intangible value of such lease and its related amortization period. We also recognize the

relative fair values of assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in acquisitions of less than a 100%

interest when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Depreciation and amortization

The values allocated to buildings and building improvements, land improvements, tenant improvements, and equipment are

depreciated on a straight-line basis. For buildings and building improvements, we depreciate using the shorter of the respective ground

lease terms or their estimated useful lives, not to exceed 40 years. Land improvements are depreciated over their estimated useful

lives, not to exceed 20 years. Tenant improvements are depreciated over their respective lease terms or estimated useful lives, and

equipment is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term or its estimated useful life. The values of the right-of-use assets are

amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining terms of each related lease. The values of acquired in-place leases and

associated favorable intangibles (i.e., acquired above-market leases) are classified in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets

and are amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases as a reduction of income from rentals in our consolidated statements

of operations. The values of unfavorable intangibles (i.e., acquired below-market leases) associated with acquired in-place leases are

classified in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets and are amortized over the

remaining terms of the related leases as an increase in income from rentals in our consolidated statements of operations.

Capitalized project costs

We capitalize project costs, including pre-construction costs, interest, property taxes, insurance, and other costs directly

related and essential to the development, redevelopment, pre-construction, or construction of a project. Capitalization of development,

redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction costs is required while activities are ongoing to prepare an asset for its intended use.

Fluctuations in our development, redevelopment, pre-construction, and construction activities could result in significant changes to total

expenses and net income. Costs incurred after a project is substantially complete and ready for its intended use are expensed as

incurred. Should development, redevelopment, pre-construction, or construction activity cease, interest, property taxes, insurance, and

certain other costs would no longer be eligible for capitalization and would be expensed as incurred. Expenditures for repairs and

maintenance are expensed as incurred.

Real estate sales

A property is classified as held for sale when all of the following criteria for a plan of sale have been met: (i) management,

having the authority to approve the action, commits to a plan to sell the property; (ii) the property is available for immediate sale in its

present condition, subject only to terms that are usual and customary; (iii) an active program to locate a buyer and other actions

required to complete the plan to sell have been initiated; (iv) the sale of the property is probable and is expected to be completed within

one year; (v) the property is being actively marketed for sale at a price that is reasonable in relation to its current fair value; and

(vi) actions necessary to complete the plan of sale indicate that it is unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the

plan will be withdrawn. Depreciation of assets ceases upon designation of a property as held for sale. Refer to Note 15 – “Assets

classified as held for sale” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional details.

If the disposal of a property represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on our operations or financial

results, such as (i) a major line of business, (ii) a major geographic area, (iii) a major equity method investment, or (iv) other major parts

of an entity, then the operations of the property, including any interest expense directly attributable to it, are classified as discontinued

operations in our consolidated statements of operations, and amounts for all prior periods presented are reclassified from continuing

operations to discontinued operations. The disposal of an individual property generally will not represent a strategic shift and therefore

will typically not meet the criteria for classification as a discontinued operation.

We recognize gains or losses on real estate sales in accordance with the accounting standard on the derecognition of

nonfinancial assets arising from contracts with noncustomers. Our ordinary output activities consist of the leasing of space to our

tenants in our operating properties, not the sales of real estate. Therefore, sales of real estate (in which we are the seller) qualify as

contracts with noncustomers. In our transactions with noncustomers, we apply certain recognition and measurement principles

consistent with our method of recognizing revenue arising from contracts with customers. Derecognition of the asset is based on the

transfer of control. If a real estate sales contract includes our ongoing involvement with the property, then we evaluate each promised

good or service under the contract to determine whether it represents a separate performance obligation, constitutes a guarantee, or

prevents the transfer of control. If a good or service is considered a separate performance obligation, an allocated portion of the

transaction price is recognized as revenue as we transfer the related good or service to the buyer.

The recognition of gain or loss on the sale of a partial interest also depends on whether we retain a controlling or

noncontrolling interest in the property. If we retain a controlling interest in the property upon completion of the sale, we continue to

reflect the asset at its book value, record a noncontrolling interest for the book value of the partial interest sold, and recognize additional

paid-in capital for the difference between the consideration received and the partial interest at book value. Conversely, if we retain a

noncontrolling interest upon completion of the sale of a partial interest of real estate, we recognize a gain or loss as if 100% of the asset

were sold.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Impairment of long-lived assets

Prior to and subsequent to the end of each quarter, we review current activities and changes in the business conditions of all of

our long-lived assets to determine the existence of any triggering events or impairment indicators requiring an impairment analysis. If

triggering events or impairment indicators are identified, we review an estimate of the future undiscounted cash flows, including, if

necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple outcomes are under consideration.

Long-lived assets to be held and used, including our rental properties, CIP, land held for development, right-of-use assets

related to operating leases in which we are the lessee, and intangibles, are individually evaluated for impairment when conditions exist

that may indicate that the carrying amount of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. The carrying amount of a long-lived asset to be

held and used is not recoverable if it exceeds the sum of the undiscounted cash flows expected to result from the use and eventual

disposition of the asset. Triggering events or impairment indicators for long-lived assets to be held and used are assessed by project

and include significant fluctuations in estimated net operating income, occupancy changes, significant near-term lease expirations,

current and historical operating and/or cash flow losses, construction costs, estimated completion dates, rental rates, and other market

factors. We assess the expected undiscounted cash flows based upon numerous factors, including, but not limited to, construction

costs, available market information, current and historical operating results, known trends, current market/economic conditions that may

affect the asset, and our assumptions about the use of the asset, including, if necessary, a probability-weighted approach if multiple

outcomes are under consideration.

Upon determination that an impairment has occurred, a write-down is recognized to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to

its estimated fair value. If an impairment charge is not required to be recognized, the recognition of depreciation or amortization is

adjusted prospectively, as necessary, to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its estimated disposition value over the remaining

period that the asset is expected to be held and used. We may adjust depreciation of properties that are expected to be disposed of or

redeveloped prior to the end of their useful lives.

We use the held for sale impairment model for our properties classified as held for sale, which is different from the held and

used impairment model. Under the held for sale impairment model, an impairment charge is recognized if the carrying amount of the

long-lived asset classified as held for sale exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. Because of these two different models, it is possible for

a long-lived asset previously classified as held and used to require the recognition of an impairment charge upon classification as held

for sale.

International operations

In addition to operating properties in the U.S., we have 11 properties in Canada. The functional currency for our subsidiaries

operating in the U.S. is the U.S. dollar. The local currency of a foreign subsidiary serves as its functional currency. The assets and

liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect as of the financial statement date.

Revenue and expense accounts of our foreign subsidiaries are translated using the weighted-average exchange rate for the periods

presented. Gains or losses resulting from the translation are classified in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a

separate component of total equity and are excluded from net income (loss).

Whenever a foreign investment meets the criteria for classification as held for sale, we evaluate the recoverability of the

investment under the held for sale impairment model. We may recognize an impairment charge if the carrying amount of the investment

exceeds its fair value less cost to sell. In determining an investment’s carrying amount, we consider its net book value and any

cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment related to the investment.

The appropriate amounts of foreign exchange rate gains or losses classified in accumulated other comprehensive income

(loss) are reclassified to net income (loss) when realized upon the sale of our investment or upon the complete or substantially

complete liquidation of our investment.

Investments

We hold investments in publicly traded companies and privately held entities primarily involved in the life science industry. As a

REIT, we generally limit our ownership of each individual entity’s voting stock to less than 10%. We evaluate each investment to

determine whether we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over an investee. We evaluate investments in

which our ownership is equal to or greater than 20%, but less than or equal to 50%, of an investee’s voting stock with a presumption

that we have this ability. For our investments in limited partnerships that maintain specific ownership accounts, we presume that such

ability exists when our ownership interest exceeds 3% to 5%. In addition to our ownership interest, we consider whether we have a

board seat or whether we participate in the investee’s policy-making process, among other criteria, to determine if we have the ability to

exert significant influence, but not control, over an investee. If we determine that we have such ability, we account for the investment

under the equity method, as described below.

From time to time, we may hold equity investments that are subject to contractual sale restrictions. We do not recognize a

discount related to a contractual sale restriction.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Investments accounted for under the equity method

Under the equity method of accounting, we initially recognize our investment at cost and subsequently adjust the carrying

amount of the investment for our share of earnings or losses reported by the investee, distributions received, and other-than-temporary

impairments. For more information about our investments accounted for under the equity method, refer to Note 7 – “Investments” to our

unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Investments that do not qualify for the equity method of accounting

For investees over which we determine that we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence or control, we account

for each investment depending on whether it is an investment in a (i) publicly traded company, (ii) privately held entity that reports NAV

per share, or (iii) privately held entity that does not report NAV per share, as described below.

Investments in publicly traded companies

Our investments in publicly traded companies are classified as investments with readily determinable fair values and are

presented at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our

consolidated statements of operations. The fair values for our investments in publicly traded companies are determined based on sales

prices or quotes available on securities exchanges.

Investments in privately held companies

Our investments in privately held entities without readily determinable fair values consist of (i) investments in privately held

entities that report NAV per share and (ii) investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share. These investments are

accounted for as follows:

Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share

Investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share, such as our privately held investments in limited partnerships,

are presented at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient, with changes in fair value classified in investment income (loss) in our

consolidated statements of operations. We use NAV per share reported by limited partnerships generally without adjustment, unless we

are aware of information indicating that the NAV reported by a limited partnership does not accurately reflect the fair value of the

investment at our reporting date.

Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share

Investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share are accounted for using a measurement alternative,

under which these investments are measured at cost, adjusted for observable price changes and impairments, with changes classified

in investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations.

An observable price arises from an orderly transaction for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer, which is

observed by an investor without expending undue cost and effort. Observable price changes result from, among other things, equity

transactions of the same issuer executed during the reporting period, including subsequent equity offerings or other reported equity

transactions related to the same issuer. To determine whether these transactions are indicative of an observable price change, we

evaluate, among other factors, whether these transactions have similar rights and obligations, including voting rights, distribution

preferences, and conversion rights to the investments we hold.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Impairment evaluation of equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per

share

We monitor equity method investments and investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share for new

developments, including operating results, prospects and results of clinical trials, new product initiatives, new collaborative agreements,

capital-raising events, and merger and acquisition activities. These investments are evaluated on the basis of a qualitative assessment

for indicators of impairment by monitoring the presence of the following triggering events or impairment indicators:

(i)a significant deterioration in the earnings performance, credit rating, asset quality, or business prospects of the investee;

(ii)a significant adverse change in the regulatory, economic, or technological environment of the investee;

(iii)a significant adverse change in the general market condition, including the research and development of technology and

products that the investee is bringing or attempting to bring to the market;

(iv)significant concerns about the investee’s ability to continue as a going concern; and/or

(v)a decision by investors to cease providing support or reduce their financial commitment to the investee.

If such indicators are present, we are required to estimate the investment’s fair value and immediately recognize an

impairment charge in an amount equal to the investment’s carrying value in excess of its estimated fair value.

Investment income/loss recognition and classification

We recognize both realized and unrealized gains and losses in our consolidated statements of operations, classified in

investment income (loss) in our consolidated statements of operations. Unrealized gains and losses represent:

(i)changes in fair value for investments in publicly traded companies;

(ii)changes in NAV for investments in privately held entities that report NAV per share;

(iii)observable price changes for investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share; and

(iv)our share of unrealized gains or losses reported by our equity method investees.

Realized gains and losses on our investments represent the difference between proceeds received upon disposition of

investments and their historical or adjusted cost basis. For our equity method investments, realized gains and losses represent our

share of realized gains or losses reported by the investee. Impairments are realized losses, which result in an adjusted cost basis, and

represent charges to reduce the carrying values of investments in privately held entities that do not report NAV per share and equity

method investments, if impairments are deemed other than temporary, to their estimated fair value.

Revenues

The table below provides details of our consolidated total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024

and 2023 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Income from rentals:
Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard:
Operating leases	$763,947	$696,601	$2,255,634	$2,069,042
Direct financing leases	665	653	1,986	1,951
Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard	764,612	697,254	2,257,620	2,070,993
Revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard	11,132	10,277	28,837	28,826
Income from rentals	775,744	707,531	2,286,457	2,099,819
Other income	15,863	6,257	40,992	28,664
Total revenues	$791,607	$713,788	$2,327,449	$2,128,483

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, revenues that were subject to the lease accounting standard

aggregated $764.6 million and $2.3 billion, respectively, and represented 96.6% and 97.0%, respectively, of our total revenues. During

the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, revenues that were subject to the lease accounting standard aggregated

$697.3 million and $2.1 billion, respectively, and represented 97.7% and 97.3%, respectively, of our total revenues. Our other income

consisted primarily of management fees and interest income earned during each period presented. For a detailed discussion related to

our revenue streams, refer to “Lease accounting” and “Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers” in Note 2 –

“Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Lease accounting

Definition and classification of a lease

When we enter into a contract or amend an existing contract, we evaluate whether the contract meets the definition of a lease.

To meet the definition of a lease, the contract must meet all three criteria:

(i)One party (lessor) must hold an identified asset;

(ii)The counterparty (lessee) must have the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset

throughout the period of the contract; and

(iii)The counterparty (lessee) must have the right to direct the use of the identified asset throughout the period of the contract.

We classify our leases as either finance leases or operating leases if we are the lessee, or sales-type, direct financing, or

operating leases if we are the lessor. We use the following criteria to determine if a lease is a finance lease (as a lessee) or sales-type

or direct financing lease (as a lessor):

(i)Ownership is transferred from lessor to lessee by the end of the lease term;

(ii)An option to purchase is reasonably certain to be exercised;

(iii)The lease term is for the major part of the underlying asset’s remaining economic life;

(iv)The present value of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the underlying asset; or

(v)The underlying asset is specialized and is expected to have no alternative use at the end of the lease term.

If we meet any of the above criteria, we account for the lease as a finance, a sales-type, or a direct financing lease. If we do

not meet any of the criteria, we account for the lease as an operating lease.

A lease is accounted for as a sales-type lease if it is considered to transfer control of the underlying asset to the lessee. A

lease is accounted for as a direct financing lease if risks and rewards are conveyed without the transfer of control, which is normally

indicated by the existence of a residual value guarantee from an unrelated third party other than the lessee.

This classification will determine the method of recognition of the lease:

For an operating lease, we recognize income from rentals if we are the lessor, or rental operations expense if we are the

lessee, over the term of the lease on a straight-line basis.

For a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease, we recognize the income from rentals, or for a finance lease, we

recognize rental operations expense, over the term of the lease using the effective interest method.

At inception of a sales-type lease or a direct financing lease, if we determine the fair value of the leased property is lower

than its carrying amount, we recognize a selling loss immediately at lease commencement. If fair value exceeds the

carrying amount of a lease, a gain is recognized at lease commencement on a sales-type lease. For a direct financing

lease, a gain is deferred at lease commencement and amortized over the lease term.

Lessor accounting

Costs to execute leases

We capitalize initial direct costs, which represent only incremental costs to execute a lease that would not have been incurred

if the lease had not been obtained. Costs that we incur to negotiate or arrange a lease, regardless of its outcome, such as for fixed

employee compensation, tax or legal advice to negotiate lease terms, and other costs, are expensed as incurred.

Operating leases

We account for the revenue from our lease contracts by utilizing the single component accounting policy. This policy requires

us to account for, by class of underlying asset, the lease component and nonlease component(s) associated with each lease as a single

component if two criteria are met:

(i)The timing and pattern of transfer of the lease component and the nonlease component(s) are the same; and

(ii)The lease component would be classified as an operating lease if it were accounted for separately.

Lease components consist primarily of fixed rental payments, which represent scheduled rental amounts due under our

leases, and contingent rental payments. Nonlease components consist primarily of tenant recoveries representing reimbursements of

rental operating expenses under our triple net lease structure, including recoveries for property taxes, insurance, utilities, repairs and

maintenance, and common area expenses.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

If the lease component is the predominant component, we account for all revenues under such lease as a single component in

accordance with the lease accounting standard. Conversely, if the nonlease component is the predominant component, all revenues

under such lease are accounted for in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. Our operating leases qualify for

the single component accounting, and the lease component in each of our leases is predominant. Therefore, we account for all

revenues from our operating leases under the lease accounting standard and classify these revenues as income from rentals in our

consolidated statements of operations.

We commence recognition of income from rentals related to the operating leases at the date the property is ready for its

intended use by the tenant and the tenant takes possession or controls the physical use of the leased asset. When a lease includes

construction of tenant improvements, we determine whether the improvements are landlord or tenant assets. In determining if the

improvements are landlord or tenant improvements, we consider various factors including, but not limited to, the following:

Which party retains legal title to the improvements upon lease expiration;
Whether the improvements are expected to have significant residual value at the end of the lease term;
Whether the improvements are unique to the tenant;
What happens to the improvements upon lease expiration (i.e., whether they are removed or preserved for the landlord)
Which party bears all costs of the improvements (including the risk of cost overruns); and
Which party supervises the construction of the improvements.

If the improvements are landlord assets, we capitalize such improvements. If the improvements are tenant assets, we do not

capitalize these assets. Such improvements, if funded by us, are accounted for as lease incentives and amortized as a reduction of

revenue over the term of the lease. If the tenant funds improvements without reimbursement from us and we determine these

improvements to be landlord assets, we consider the amount associated with the improvements to be noncash lease payments, which

are recognized as incremental revenue over the term of the lease.

Income from rentals related to fixed rental payments under operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the

respective operating lease terms. We classify amounts expected to be received in later periods as deferred rent in our consolidated

balance sheets. Amounts received currently but recognized as revenue in future periods are classified in accounts payable, accrued

expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

Income from rentals related to variable payments includes tenant recoveries and contingent rental payments. Tenant

recoveries, including reimbursements of utilities, repairs and maintenance, common area expenses, real estate taxes and insurance,

and other operating expenses, are recognized as revenue in the period during which the applicable expenses are incurred and the

tenant’s obligation to reimburse us arises. Income from rentals related to other variable payments is recognized when associated

contingencies are removed.

We assess collectibility from our tenants of future lease payments for each of our operating leases. If we determine that

collectibility is probable, we recognize income from rentals based on the methodology described above. If we determine that

collectibility is not probable, we recognize an adjustment to lower our income from rentals. Furthermore, we may recognize a general

allowance at a portfolio level (not the individual level) if we do not expect to collect future lease payments in full.

For each lease for which we determine that collectibility of future lease payments is not probable, we cease the recognition of

income from rentals on a straight-line basis and limit the recognition of income to the lesser of payments collected from the lessee or

lease income that would have been recognized on a straight-line basis. We do not resume straight-line recognition of income from

rentals for these leases until we determine that the collectibility of future payments related to these leases is probable. We also record a

general allowance related to the deferred rent balances that at the portfolio level (not the individual level) are not expected to be

collected in full through the lease term. As of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, our general allowance balance aggregated

$21.3 million and $21.4 million, respectively.

Direct financing and sales-type leases

Income from rentals related to direct financing and sales-type leases is recognized over the lease term using the effective

interest rate method. At lease commencement, we record an asset within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, which

represents our net investment in the lease. This initial net investment is determined by aggregating the present values of the total future

lease payments attributable to the lease and the estimated residual value of the property, less any unearned income related to our

direct financing lease. Over the lease term, the investment in the lease accretes in value, producing a constant periodic rate of return on

the net investment in the lease. Income from these leases is classified in income from rentals in our consolidated statements of

operations. Our net investment is reduced over time as lease payments are received. We evaluate our net investment in direct financing

and sales-type leases for impairment under the current expected credit loss accounting standard. For more information, refer to

“Allowance for credit losses” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial

statements.

As a lessor, we classify a lease with variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate as an operating lease

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

on the commencement date of the lease if both of the following criteria are met:

(i)The lease would have been classified as a sales-type lease or direct financing lease under the current lease accounting

standard; and

(ii)The sales-type lease or direct financing lease classification would have resulted in a selling loss at lease commencement.

We do not derecognize the underlying asset and do not recognize a loss upon lease commencement but continue to

depreciate the underlying asset over its useful life.

Lessee accounting

We have operating lease agreements in which we are the lessee consisting of ground and office leases. At the lease

commencement date (or at the acquisition date if the lease is acquired as part of a real estate acquisition), we are required to recognize

a liability to account for our future obligations under these operating leases, and a corresponding right-of-use asset.

The lease liability is measured based on the present value of the future lease payments, including payments during the term

under our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise. The present value of the future lease payments is calculated for

each operating lease using each respective remaining lease term and a corresponding estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is

the interest rate that we estimate we would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to

the lease payments. Subsequently, the lease liability is accreted by applying a discount rate established at the lease commencement

date to the lease liability balance as of the beginning of the period and is reduced by the payments made during the period. We classify

the operating lease liability in accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.

The right-of-use asset is measured based on the corresponding lease liability, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and any

other consideration exchanged with the landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, as well as adjustments to reflect favorable or

unfavorable terms of an acquired lease when compared with market terms at the time of acquisition. Subsequently, the right-of-use

asset is amortized on a straight-line basis during the lease term. We classify the right-of-use asset in other assets in our consolidated

balance sheets.

Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers

We recognize revenues associated with transactions arising from contracts with customers, excluding revenues subject to the

lease accounting standard discussed in “Lease accounting” above, in accordance with the revenue recognition accounting standard. A

customer is distinguished from a noncustomer by the nature of the goods or services that are transferred. Customers are provided with

goods or services that are generated by a company’s ordinary output activities, whereas noncustomers are provided with nonfinancial

assets that are outside of a company’s ordinary output activities.

We generally recognize revenue representing the transfer of goods and services to customers in an amount that reflects the

consideration to which we expect to be entitled in the exchange. In order to determine the recognition of revenue from customer

contracts, we use a five-step model to (i) identify the contract with the customer, (ii) identify the performance obligations in the contract,

(iii) determine the transaction price, including variable consideration to the extent that it is probable that a significant future reversal will

not occur, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) we

satisfy the performance obligation.

We identify contractual performance obligations and determine whether revenue should be recognized at a point in time or

over time, based on when control of goods and services transfers to a customer. We consider whether we control the goods or services

prior to the transfer to the customer in order to determine whether we should account for the arrangement as a principal or agent. If we

determine that we control the goods or services provided to the customer, then we are the principal to the transaction, and we recognize

the gross amount of consideration expected in the exchange. If we simply arrange but do not control the goods or services being

transferred to the customer, then we are considered to be an agent to the transaction, and we recognize the net amount of

consideration we are entitled to retain in the exchange.

Total revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard and classified within income from rentals in our

consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 included $11.1 million and

$28.8 million, respectively, primarily related to short-term parking revenues associated with long-term lease agreements. Short-term

parking revenues do not qualify for the single component accounting policy, as discussed in “Lessor accounting” in Note 2 – “Summary

of significant accounting policies”, due to the difference in the timing and pattern of transfer of our parking service obligations and

associated lease components within the same lease agreement. We recognize short-term parking revenues in accordance with the

revenue recognition accounting standard when the service is provided and the performance obligation is satisfied, which normally

occurs at a point in time.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Monitoring of tenant credit quality

During the term of each lease, we monitor the credit quality and any related material changes of our tenants by (i) monitoring

the credit rating of tenants that are rated by a nationally recognized credit rating agency, (ii) reviewing financial statements of the

tenants that are publicly available or that are required to be delivered to us pursuant to the applicable lease, (iii) monitoring news

reports regarding our tenants and their respective businesses, and (iv) monitoring the timeliness of lease payments.

Allowance for credit losses

We are required to estimate and recognize lifetime expected losses, rather than incurred losses, for most of our financial

assets measured at amortized cost and certain other instruments, including trade and other receivables (excluding receivables arising

from operating leases), loans, held-to-maturity debt securities, net investments in leases arising from sales-type and direct financing

leases, and off-balance-sheet credit exposures (e.g., loan commitments). The recognition of such expected losses, even if the expected

risk of credit loss is remote, typically results in earlier recognition of credit losses. An assessment of the collectibility of operating lease

payments and the recognition of an adjustment to lease income based on this assessment is governed by the lease accounting

standard discussed in “Lease accounting” earlier in Note 2 — “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited

consolidated financial statements.

At each reporting date, we reassess our credit loss allowances on the aggregate net investment of direct financing and sales-

type leases and our trade receivables. If necessary, we recognize a credit loss adjustment for our current estimate of expected credit

losses, which is classified within rental operations in our consolidated statements of operations. Refer to Note 5 – “Leases” to our

unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Income taxes

We are organized and operate as a REIT pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Under the Code, a REIT that

distributes at least 90% of its REIT taxable income to its stockholders annually (excluding net capital gains) and meets certain other

conditions is not subject to federal income tax on its distributed taxable income, but could be subject to certain federal, foreign, state,

and local taxes. We distribute 100% of our taxable income annually; therefore, a provision for federal income taxes is not required. In

addition to our REIT returns, we file federal, foreign, state, and local tax returns for our subsidiaries. We file with jurisdictions located in

the U.S., Canada, and other international locations. Our tax returns are subject to routine examination in various jurisdictions for the

2018 through 2023 calendar years.

Employee and non-employee share-based payments

We have implemented an entity-wide accounting policy to account for forfeitures related to unmet service conditions of share-

based awards granted to employees and non-employees when they occur. Under this policy, when forfeitures occur, any previously

recognized expense related to those forfeited awards is reversed in the period of forfeiture.

Our employee and non-employee share-based awards are measured at fair value on the grant date and recognized over the

recipient’s required service period. For share-based awards with performance conditions, we continue to assess the probability of

achieving the performance conditions and recognize expense only when it becomes probable that the performance targets will be met.

Conversely, for share-based awards with market conditions, expense is recognized regardless of whether the market condition is

achieved.

All nonforfeitable dividends paid on share-based awards are initially classified in retained earnings and reclassified to

compensation cost only if forfeitures of the underlying awards occur.

Forward equity sales agreements

From time to time, we enter into forward equity sales agreements and account for them in accordance with the accounting

guidance governing financial instruments and derivatives. Under the accounting guidance, our forward equity sales agreements are not

deemed to be liabilities as they do not embody obligations to repurchase our shares, nor do they embody obligations to issue a variable

number of shares for which the monetary value is predominantly fixed, varied with something other than the fair value of our shares, or

varied inversely in relation to our shares. We also evaluate whether the agreements meet the derivatives and hedging guidance scope

exception to be accounted for as equity instruments. Our forward equity sales agreements are classified as equity contracts based on

the following assessment: (i) none of the agreements’ exercise contingencies are based on observable markets or indices besides

those related to the market for our own stock price and operations; and (ii) none of the settlement provisions preclude the agreements

from being indexed to our own stock.

2.SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued)

Issuer and guarantor subsidiaries of guaranteed securities

Generally, a parent entity of an issuer that holds guaranteed securities must provide separate subsidiary issuer or guarantor

financial statements, unless it qualifies for disclosure exceptions. A parent entity may be eligible for disclosure exceptions if it meets the

following criteria:

(i)The subsidiary issuer or guarantor is a consolidated subsidiary of the parent company, and

(ii)The subsidiary issues a registered security that is issued jointly and severally with the parent company, or is fully and

unconditionally guaranteed by the parent company.

A parent entity that meets the above criteria may instead present summarized financial information (“alternative disclosures”)

either within the consolidated financial statements or within “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of

operations” in Item 2. We evaluated the criteria and determined that we are eligible for the disclosure exceptions, which allow us to

provide alternative disclosures; as such, we present alternative disclosures in “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial

condition and results of operations” in Item 2.

Loan fees

Fees incurred in obtaining long-term financing are capitalized and classified with the corresponding debt instrument appearing

on our consolidated balance sheets. Loan fees related to our unsecured senior line of credit are capitalized and classified within other

assets. Capitalized amounts are amortized over the term of the related loan, and the amortization is classified in interest expense in our

consolidated statements of operations.

Distributions from equity method investments

We use the “nature of the distribution” approach to determine the classification within our consolidated statements of cash

flows of cash distributions received from equity method investments, including our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures and equity

method non-real estate investments. Under this approach, distributions are classified based on the nature of the underlying activity that

generated the cash distributions. If we lack the information necessary to apply this approach in the future, we will be required to apply

the “cumulative earnings” approach as an accounting change on a retrospective basis. Under the cumulative earnings approach,

distributions up to the amount of cumulative equity in earnings recognized are classified as cash inflows from operating activities, and

those in excess of that amount are classified as cash inflows from investing activities.

Restricted cash

We present cash and cash equivalents separately from restricted cash within our consolidated balance sheets. However, we

include restricted cash with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown

in the consolidated statements of cash flows. We provide a reconciliation between the consolidated balance sheets and the

consolidated statements of cash flows, as required, when the balance includes more than one line item for cash, cash equivalents, and

restricted cash. We also provide a disclosure of the nature of the restrictions related to material restricted cash balances.

Recent accounting pronouncements

On August 23, 2023, the FASB issued an ASU that will require a joint venture, upon formation, to measure its assets and

liabilities at fair value in its standalone financial statements. A joint venture will recognize the difference between the fair value of its

equity and the fair value of its identifiable assets and liabilities as goodwill (or an equity adjustment, if negative) using the business

combination accounting guidance regardless of whether the net assets meet the definition of a business. The new accounting standard

is intended to reduce diversity in practice. This ASU will apply to joint ventures that meet the definition of a corporate joint venture under

GAAP, thus limiting its scope to joint ventures not controlled and therefore not consolidated by any joint venture investor. We generally

seek to maintain control of our real estate joint ventures and therefore expect this ASU to apply to a limited number, if any, of our

unconsolidated real estate joint ventures formed after the adoption of this accounting standard. This standard does not change the

accounting of investments by the investors in a joint venture in their individual financial statements, and therefore, its adoption will have

no impact on our consolidated financial statements. This accounting standard will become effective for joint ventures with a formation

date on or after January 1, 2025, with early adoption permitted. We expect to adopt this ASU on January 1, 2025.

On November 27, 2023, the FASB issued an ASU that will require quarterly disclosure of segment expenses if they are (i)

significant to the segment, (ii) regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), and (iii) included in each reported

measure of a segment’s profit or loss. In addition, this ASU requires an annual disclosure of the CODM’s title and a description of how

the CODM uses the segment’s profit/loss measure to assess segment performance and to allocate resources. Pursuant to this ASU, the

footnotes to our consolidated financial statements may include incremental disclosures. The compliance with this ASU will be required

beginning with our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ending December 31, 2024, followed by interim disclosures in our quarterly

reports on Form 10-Q thereafter, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this ASU for our annual report on Form 10-K for the year

ending December 31, 2024.

3.INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE

Our consolidated investments in real estate, including real estate assets classified as held for sale as described in Note 15 –

“Assets classified as held for sale” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements, consisted of the following as of September 30,

2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
Rental properties:
Land (related to rental properties)	$4,267,297	$4,385,515
Buildings and building improvements	20,651,577	20,320,866
Other improvements	4,317,120	3,681,628
Rental properties	29,235,994	28,388,009
Development and redevelopment projects	9,340,425	8,226,309
Gross investments in real estate	38,576,419	36,614,318
Less: accumulated depreciation	(5,624,642)	(4,980,807)
Investments in real estate(1)	$32,951,777	$31,633,511

(1)Balances as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 include investments in real estate aggregating $228.4 million and $185.4 million, respectively, related to our

assets held for sale as of each respective date. Refer to Note 15 – “Assets held for sale” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Acquisitions

Our real estate asset acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of the following (dollars in

thousands):


Property	Submarket/Market	Date of Purchase	Number of Properties	Future Development Square Footage	Purchase Price(1)

285, 299, 307, and 345 Dorchester Avenue(2)	Seaport Innovation District/ Greater Boston	1/30/24	—	1,040,000	$155,321
Other					46,490
					$201,811

(1)Represents the aggregate contractual purchase price of our acquisitions, which differs from purchases of real estate in our unaudited consolidated statements of cash

flows due to the timing of payment, closing costs, and other acquisition adjustments such as prorations of rents and expenses.

(2)Refer to Note 4 – “Consolidated and unconsolidated real estate joint ventures” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional details.

Based upon our evaluation of each acquisition, we determined that substantially all of the fair value related to each acquisition

was concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar identifiable assets or was associated with a land parcel with no

operations. Accordingly, each transaction did not meet the definition of a business and therefore was accounted for as an asset

acquisition. In each of these transactions, we allocated the total consideration for each acquisition to the individual assets and liabilities

acquired on a relative fair value basis.

Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges

Our completed dispositions of real estate assets during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 consisted of the following

(dollars in thousands):


Property	Submarket/Market	Date of Sale	Interest Sold	RSF	Sales Price		Gain on Sales of Real Estate
99 A Street	Seaport Innovation District/ Greater Boston	3/8/24	100%	235,000	$13,350		$—
1165 Eastlake Avenue East	Lake Union/Seattle	9/12/24	100%	100,086	149,985		21,535
219 East 42nd Street	New York City/New York City	7/9/24	100%	349,947	60,000		—
Other					15,374		5,971
					$238,709	(1)	$27,506

(1)Represents the aggregate contractual sales price of our dispositions, which differs from proceeds from sales of real estate and contributions from and sales of

noncontrolling interests in our consolidated statements of cash flows under “Investing activities” and “Financing activities,” respectively, primarily due to the timing of

payment, closing costs, and other sales adjustments such as prorations of rents and expenses.

3.INVESTMENTS IN REAL ESTATE (continued)

Impairment charges

During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, we recognized real estate impairment charges aggregating $36.5 million,

consisting of the following:

Impairment charges aggregating $30.8 million primarily consisting of the pre-acquisition costs related to two potential

acquisitions aggregating 1.4 million RSF of future development in our Greater Boston market. We executed purchase

agreements for these potential acquisitions with the total purchase price aggregating $366.8 million in 2020 and 2022, and we

initially expected to close these acquisitions after 2024. Our intent for each site included the demolition of existing buildings

upon expiration of the existing in-place leases and the development of life science properties. During the three months ended

June 30, 2024, due to the existing macroeconomic environment that negatively impacted the financial outlooks for these

projects, we decided to no longer proceed with these acquisitions, resulting in the recognition of impairment charges.

Impairment charge of $5.7 million to adjust the carrying amount of one property in Canada that continued to meet the held-for-

sale classification to the sales price under negotiation with a potential buyer less costs to sell. We expect to sell this property

within 12 months.

Other

In 2006, ARE-East River Science Park, LLC, a subsidiary of Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc., was granted an option to

incorporate a land parcel adjacent to and north of the Alexandria Center® for Life Science – New York City (“ACLS-NYC”) campus

(“Option Parcel”) into the existing ground lease of that campus. The Option Parcel will allow ARE-East River Science Park, LLC to

develop a future world-class life science building within the ACLS-NYC campus. ARE-East River Science Park, LLC’s investment in pre-

construction costs related to the development of the Option Parcel, including costs related to design, engineering, environmental,

survey/title, and permitting and legal costs, aggregate $165.1 million as of September 30, 2024.

On August 6, 2024, ARE-East River Science Park, LLC filed a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern

District of New York against its landlord, New York City Health + Hospitals Corporation (“H+H”), and the New York City Economic

Development Corporation (“EDC”). The lawsuit alleges two principal claims against H+H and EDC: fraud in the inducement, and, in the

alternative, breach of contract in violation of the implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing. As alleged in the complaint, ARE-East

River Science Park, LLC’s claims arise from H+H’s and EDC’s misrepresentations and concealment of material facts in connection with

a floodwall, which H+H and EDC are seeking to require ARE-East River Science Park, LLC to integrate into the development of the

Option Parcel. ARE-East River Science Park, LLC alleges that H+H’s and EDC’s misconduct have prevented it from commencing the

development of the Option Parcel. In light of the pending litigation, the closing date for the option and thus the commencement date for

construction of the third tower at the campus are presently indeterminate. Among other things, ARE-East River Science Park, LLC is

seeking significant damages and equitable relief to maintain the option.

This matter exposes us to potential losses ranging from zero to the full amount of the investment in the project aggregating

$165.1 million as of September 30, 2024, depending on any collection of damages and/or the ability to develop the project. We

performed a probability-weighted recoverability analysis based on initial estimates of various possible outcomes and determined no

impairment was present as of September 30, 2024.

4.CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES

From time to time, we enter into joint venture agreements through which we own a partial interest in real estate entities that

own, develop, and operate real estate properties. As of September 30, 2024, our real estate joint ventures held the following properties:


	Property	Market	Submarket	Our Ownership Interest(1)
Consolidated real estate joint ventures(2):
	50 and 60 Binney Street	Greater Boston	Cambridge/Inner Suburbs		34.0%
	75/125 Binney Street	Greater Boston	Cambridge/Inner Suburbs		40.0%
	100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street	Greater Boston	Cambridge/Inner Suburbs		30.0%
	99 Coolidge Avenue	Greater Boston	Cambridge/Inner Suburbs		75.0%
	15 Necco Street	Greater Boston	Seaport Innovation District		56.7%
	285, 299, 307, and 345 Dorchester Avenue	Greater Boston	Seaport Innovation District		60.0%
	Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay(3)	San Francisco Bay Area	Mission Bay		25.0%
	1450 Owens Street	San Francisco Bay Area	Mission Bay		25.4%	(4)
	601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard	San Francisco Bay Area	South San Francisco		50.0%
	751 Gateway Boulevard	San Francisco Bay Area	South San Francisco		51.0%
	211 and 213 East Grand Avenue	San Francisco Bay Area	South San Francisco		30.0%
	500 Forbes Boulevard	San Francisco Bay Area	South San Francisco		10.0%
	Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae	San Francisco Bay Area	South San Francisco		47.9%
	3215 Merryfield Row	San Diego	Torrey Pines		30.0%
	Campus Point by Alexandria(5)	San Diego	University Town Center		55.0%
	5200 Illumina Way	San Diego	University Town Center		51.0%
	9625 Towne Centre Drive	San Diego	University Town Center		30.0%
	SD Tech by Alexandria(6)	San Diego	Sorrento Mesa		50.0%
	Pacific Technology Park	San Diego	Sorrento Mesa		50.0%
	Summers Ridge Science Park(7)	San Diego	Sorrento Mesa		30.0%
	1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East	Seattle	Lake Union		30.0%
	199 East Blaine Street	Seattle	Lake Union		30.0%
	400 Dexter Avenue North	Seattle	Lake Union		30.0%
	800 Mercer Street	Seattle	Lake Union		60.0%

Unconsolidated real estate joint ventures(2):
	1655 and 1725 Third Street	San Francisco Bay Area	Mission Bay		10.0%
	1401/1413 Research Boulevard	Maryland	Rockville		65.0%	(8)
	1450 Research Boulevard	Maryland	Rockville		73.2%	(8)
	101 West Dickman Street	Maryland	Beltsville		58.2%	(8)

(1)Refer to the table on the next page that shows the categorization of our joint ventures under the consolidation framework.

(2)In addition to the real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in three other consolidated real estate joint ventures in North

America and we hold an interest in one insignificant unconsolidated real estate joint venture in North America.

(3)Includes 409 and 499 Illinois Street, 1500 and 1700 Owens Street, and 455 Mission Bay Boulevard South.

(4)During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, our equity ownership decreased from 40.6% to 25.4% based on continued funding of construction costs by our joint

venture partner and a reallocation of equity to our joint venture partner of $30.2 million from us. The noncontrolling interest share of our joint venture partner is

anticipated to increase to 75% and ours to decrease to 25% as our partner contributes additional equity to fund the construction of the project.

(5)Includes 10210, 10260, 10290, and 10300 Campus Point Drive and 4110, 4135, 4155, 4161, 4165, 4224, and 4242 Campus Point Court.

(6)Includes 9605, 9645, 9675, 9725, 9735, 9805, 9808, 9855, and 9868 Scranton Road and 10055, 10065, and 10075 Barnes Canyon Road.

(7)Includes 9965, 9975, 9985, and 9995 Summers Ridge Road.

(8)Represents a joint venture with a local real estate operator in which our joint venture partner manages the day-to-day activities that significantly affect the economic

performance of the joint venture.

4.CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)

Our consolidation policy is described under “Consolidation” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our

unaudited consolidated financial statements. Consolidation accounting is highly technical, but its framework is primarily based on the

controlling financial interests and benefits of the joint ventures. We generally consolidate a joint venture that is a legal entity that we

control (i.e., we have the power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly affect its economic performance)

through contractual rights, regardless of our ownership interest, and where we determine that we have benefits through the allocation of

earnings or losses and fees paid to us that could be significant to the joint venture (the “VIE model”).

We also generally consolidate joint ventures when we have a controlling financial interest through voting rights and where our

voting interest is greater than 50% (the “voting model”). Voting interest differs from ownership interest for some joint ventures. We

account for joint ventures that do not meet the consolidation criteria under the equity method of accounting by recognizing our share of

income and losses.

The table below shows the categorization of our real estate joint ventures under the consolidation framework:


Property(1)	Consolidation Model		Voting Interest		Consolidation Analysis	Conclusion

50 and 60 Binney Street	VIE model		Not applicable under VIE model			Consolidated
75/125 Binney Street	We have:
100 and 225 Binney Street and 300 Third Street
99 Coolidge Avenue	(i)	The power to direct the activities of the joint venture that most significantly affect its economic performance; and
15 Necco Street
285, 299, 307, and 345 Dorchester Avenue
Alexandria Center® for Science and Technology – Mission Bay
1450 Owens Street
601, 611, 651, 681, 685, and 701 Gateway Boulevard
751 Gateway Boulevard
211 and 213 East Grand Avenue	(ii)	Benefits that can be significant to the joint venture.
500 Forbes Boulevard
Alexandria Center® for Life Science – Millbrae
3215 Merryfield Row
Campus Point by Alexandria
5200 Illumina Way	Therefore, we are the primary beneficiary of each VIE
9625 Towne Centre Drive
SD Tech by Alexandria
Pacific Technology Park
Summers Ridge Science Park
1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East
199 East Blaine Street
400 Dexter Avenue North
800 Mercer Street
1401/1413 Research Boulevard		We do not control the joint venture and are therefore not the primary beneficiary.		Equity method of accounting
1450 Research Boulevard
101 West Dickman Street
1655 and 1725 Third Street	Voting model		Does not exceed 50%	Our voting interest is 50% or less.

(1)In addition to the real estate joint ventures listed, various partners hold insignificant noncontrolling interests in three other consolidated real estate joint ventures in North

America and we hold an interest in one insignificant unconsolidated real estate joint venture in North America.

4.CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)

Formation of consolidated real estate joint ventures

We evaluated each of our real estate joint ventures described below under the consolidation framework outlined above and

further detailed in “Consolidation” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial

statements.

Refer to “Consolidation” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial

statements for additional information. For a summary of our completed dispositions of real estate assets during the nine months ended

September 30, 2024, refer to “Sales of real estate assets and impairment charges” in Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our

unaudited consolidated financial statements.

285, 299, 307, and 345 Dorchester Avenue

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we formed real estate joint ventures to develop a mega campus. We

contributed $155.3 million to these real estate joint ventures, and our partner’s share of contributed real estate assets aggregated

$103.5 million. As of March 31, 2024, these joint ventures owned four land parcels at 285, 299, 307, and 345 Dorchester Avenue in our

Seaport Innovation District submarket, with future development opportunities aggregating 1.0 million SF. We determined that we have

control over these real estate joint ventures, and we therefore consolidate the joint ventures. As of September 30, 2024, we have a 60%

ownership interest in the joint ventures.

1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East

In September 2024, our prior joint venture partner sold its ownership interest in each of 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East

joint ventures to our new joint venture partner, who is also our longstanding tenant at the 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East

properties, occupying 117,479 RSF out of the total 207,774 RSF. Alexandria’s ownership interest in each of 1201 and 1208 Eastlake

Avenue East remained unchanged at 30.0%. Upon completion of the sale, we reassessed our consolidation analysis for this joint

venture and determined that we retain control, and we therefore continue to consolidate the joint venture.

Consolidated VIEs’ balance sheet information

We, together with joint venture partners, hold interests in real estate joint ventures that we consolidate in our financial

statements. These existing joint ventures provide significant equity capital to fund a portion of our future construction spend, and our

joint venture partners may also contribute equity into these entities for financing-related activities.

The table below aggregates the balance sheet information of our consolidated VIEs as of September 30, 2024 and

December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
Investments in real estate	$8,801,576	$8,032,315
Cash and cash equivalents	334,329	306,475
Other assets	785,377	728,390
Total assets	$9,921,282	$9,067,180

Secured notes payable	$144,412	$119,042
Other liabilities	629,119	608,665
Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest	—	35,250
Total liabilities	773,531	762,957
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	6,898	6,868
Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Inc.’s share of equity	4,671,544	4,162,017
Noncontrolling interests’ share of equity	4,469,309	4,135,338
Total liabilities and equity	$9,921,282	$9,067,180

4.CONSOLIDATED AND UNCONSOLIDATED REAL ESTATE JOINT VENTURES (continued)

In determining whether to aggregate the balance sheet information of consolidated VIEs, we considered the similarity of each

VIE, including the primary purpose of these entities to own, manage, operate, and lease real estate properties owned by the VIEs, and

the similar nature of our involvement in each VIE as a managing member. Due to the similarity of the characteristics, we present the

balance sheet information of these entities on an aggregated basis. None of our consolidated VIEs’ assets have restrictions that limit

their use to settle specific obligations of the VIE. There are no creditors or other partners of our consolidated VIEs that have recourse to

our general credit, and our maximum exposure to our consolidated VIEs is limited to our variable interests in each VIE, except for our

99 Coolidge Avenue real estate joint venture in which the VIE’s secured construction loan is guaranteed by us. Refer to Note 10 –

“Secured and unsecured senior debt” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Unconsolidated real estate joint ventures

Our maximum exposure to our unconsolidated VIEs is limited to our investment in each VIE, except for our 1450 Research

Boulevard and 101 West Dickman Street unconsolidated real estate joint ventures in which we guarantee up to $6.7 million of the

outstanding balance related to each VIE’s secured loan. Our investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures, accounted for

under the equity method and classified in investments in unconsolidated real estate joint ventures in our consolidated balance sheets,

consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in thousands):


Property	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
1655 and 1725 Third Street	$10,792	$11,718
1450 Research Boulevard	9,197	6,041
101 West Dickman Street	9,733	9,290
Other	10,448	10,731
	$40,170	$37,780

The following table presents key terms related to our unconsolidated real estate joint ventures’ secured loans as of

September 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands):


					Interest Rate(1)		At 100%			Our Share
Unconsolidated Joint Venture	Maturity Date		Stated Rate			Aggregate Commitment		Debt Balance(2)
1401/1413 Research Boulevard(3)		12/23/24	2.70%		3.31%		$28,500		$28,461	65.0%
1655 and 1725 Third Street(4)		3/10/25	4.50%		4.57%		600,000		599,823	10.0%
101 West Dickman Street		11/10/26	SOFR+1.95%	(5)	7.39%		26,750		18,565	58.2%
1450 Research Boulevard		12/10/26	SOFR+1.95%	(5)	7.45%		13,000		8,616	73.2%
							$668,250		$655,465

(1)Includes interest expense and amortization of loan fees.

(2)Represents outstanding principal, net of unamortized deferred financing costs, as of September 30, 2024.

(3)We have executed a purchase and sale agreement to sell the unconsolidated real estate joint venture and expect to complete the sale during the fourth quarter of 2024.

Our net proceeds from the sale are expected to exceed our share of the outstanding debt balance and the carrying amount of this investment as of September 30, 2024.

(4)The unconsolidated real estate joint venture is in the process of working with prospective lenders to refinance this debt. In the event that all or a portion of the debt

cannot be refinanced, we may consider contributing additional equity into this unconsolidated real estate joint venture. As of September 30, 2024, our investment in this

unconsolidated real estate joint venture was $10.8 million.

(5)This loan is subject to a fixed SOFR floor of 0.75%.

5.LEASES

Refer to “Lease accounting” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial

statements for information about lease accounting standards that set principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and

disclosure of leases for both parties to a lease agreement (i.e., lessees and lessors).

Leases in which we are the lessor

As of September 30, 2024, we had 406 properties aggregating 41.8 million operating RSF in key cluster locations, including

Greater Boston, the San Francisco Bay Area, San Diego, Seattle, Maryland, Research Triangle, and New York City. We primarily focus

on developing Class A/A+ properties in AAA life science innovation cluster locations that offer the scale and strategic design integral to

our mega campus strategy. Strategically located near top academic medical institutions and equipped with curated amenities, services,

and transit access, our mega campuses are designed to support our tenants in attracting and retaining top talent, which we believe is a

key driver of tenant demand for our properties.

As of September 30, 2024, all leases in which we are the lessor were classified as operating leases, with the exception of one

direct financing lease. Our leases are described below.

Operating leases

As of September 30, 2024, our 406 properties were subject to operating lease agreements. Four of these properties are

subject to operating lease agreements that each contain a purchase option as described below:

(i)Two properties, representing two land parcels, are subject to lease agreements that each contain an option for the lessee

to purchase the underlying asset from us at fair market value during each of the 30-day periods commencing on the dates

that are 15 years, 30 years, and 74.5 years after the rent commencement date of October 1, 2017. The remaining lease

term related to each of the two land parcels is 68.2 years.

(ii)Two operating properties aggregating 207,774 RSF owned by our 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East consolidated real

estate joint venture are subject to purchase options held by our partner in this joint venture, who is also a tenant

occupying 117,479 RSF at these properties. One purchase option allows our partner to purchase our 30% interest in 1208

Eastlake Avenue East for $40.0 million in 2031. Contingent upon the exercise of this option, the second purchase option

allows our partner to purchase our 30% interest in 1201 Eastlake Avenue East for $69.1 million in 2034. Our partner’s

remaining lease terms for its operating leases at 1201 and 1208 Eastlake Avenue East are 20.0 years and 6.4 years,

respectively.

We evaluated the impact of the purchase options on the classification of the existing operating leases and determined that

each lease continues to meet the criteria for classification as an operating lease.

Our leases generally contain options to extend lease terms at prevailing market rates at the time of expiration. Certain

operating leases contain early termination options that require advance notification and payment of a penalty, which in most cases is

substantial enough to be deemed economically disadvantageous by a tenant to exercise. Future lease payments to be received under

the terms of our operating lease agreements, excluding expense reimbursements, in effect as of September 30, 2024 are outlined in the

table below (in thousands):


Year		Amount
2024		$485,925
2025		1,888,408
2026		1,842,590
2027		1,764,075
2028		1,621,117
Thereafter		11,131,473
Total		$18,733,588

Refer to Note 3 – “Investments in real estate” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information

about our owned real estate assets, which are the underlying assets under our operating leases.

Direct financing lease

As of September 30, 2024, we had one direct financing lease agreement, with a net investment balance of $40.6 million, for a

parking structure with a remaining lease term of 68.2 years. The lessee has an option to purchase the underlying asset at fair market

value during each of the 30-day periods commencing on the dates that are 15 years, 30 years, and 74.5 years after the rent

commencement date of October 1, 2017.

5.LEASES (continued)

The components of our aggregate net investment in our direct financing lease as of September 30, 2024 and December 31,

2023 are summarized in the table below (in thousands):


	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
Gross investment in direct financing lease	$251,886	$253,324
Less: unearned income on direct financing lease	(208,402)	(210,388)
Less: allowance for credit losses	(2,839)	(2,839)
Net investment in direct financing lease	$40,645	$40,097

As of September 30, 2024, our estimated credit loss related to our direct financing lease was $2.8 million. No adjustment to the

estimated credit loss balance was required during the nine months ended September 30, 2024. For further details, refer to “Allowance

for credit losses” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Future lease payments to be received under the terms of our direct financing lease as of September 30, 2024 are outlined in

the table below (in thousands):


Year		Total
2024		$481
2025		1,976
2026		2,036
2027		2,097
2028		2,160
Thereafter		243,136
Total		$251,886

Income from rentals

Our income from rentals includes revenue related to agreements for the rental of our real estate, which primarily includes

revenues subject to the lease accounting standard and the revenue recognition accounting standard as shown below (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Income from rentals:
Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard:
Operating leases	$763,947	$696,601	$2,255,634	$2,069,042
Direct financing leases	665	653	1,986	1,951
Revenues subject to the lease accounting standard	764,612	697,254	2,257,620	2,070,993
Revenues subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard	11,132	10,277	28,837	28,826
Income from rentals	$775,744	$707,531	$2,286,457	$2,099,819

Our revenues that are subject to the revenue recognition accounting standard and are classified in income from rentals consist

primarily of short-term parking revenues that are not considered lease revenues under the lease accounting standard. Refer to

“Revenues” and “Recognition of revenue arising from contracts with customers” in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies”

to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Residual value risk management strategy

Our leases do not have guarantees of residual value on the underlying assets. We manage risk associated with the residual

value of our leased assets by (i) evaluating each potential acquisition of real estate to determine whether it meets our business

objective to invest primarily in high-demand markets, (ii) directly managing our leased properties, conducting frequent property

inspections, proactively addressing potential maintenance issues before they arise, and/or timely resolving any occurring issues, and

(iii) carefully selecting our tenants and monitoring their credit quality throughout their respective lease terms.

5.LEASES (continued)

Leases in which we are the lessee

Operating lease agreements

We have operating lease agreements in which we are the lessee consisting of ground and office leases. Certain of these

leases have options to extend or terminate the contract terms upon meeting certain criteria. There are no notable restrictions or

covenants imposed by the leases, nor guarantees of residual value.

We recognize a right-of-use asset, which is classified within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets, and a related

liability, which is classified within accounts payable, accrued expenses, and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets, to

account for our future obligations under ground and office lease arrangements in which we are the lessee. Refer to “Lessee accounting”

in Note 2 – “Summary of significant accounting policies” to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

As of September 30, 2024, the present value of the remaining contractual payments aggregating $1.1 billion under our

operating lease agreements, including our extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise, was $648.3 million. Our

corresponding operating lease right-of-use assets, adjusted for initial direct leasing costs and other consideration exchanged with the

landlord prior to the commencement of the lease, aggregated $776.7 million. As of September 30, 2024, the weighted-average

remaining lease term of operating leases in which we are the lessee was approximately 49 years, including extension options that we

are reasonably certain to exercise, and the weighted-average discount rate was 5.1%. The weighted-average discount rate is based on

the incremental borrowing rate estimated for each lease, which is the interest rate that we estimate we would have to pay to borrow on

a collateralized basis over a similar term for an amount equal to the lease payments.

Included in the operating lease liability balance as of September 30, 2024 is the liability related to an amendment to our

existing ground lease agreement at the Alexandria Technology Square® mega campus aggregating 1.2 million RSF in our Cambridge

submarket, which extended the lease term by 24 years from January 1, 2065 to December 31, 2088. The amendment requires that we

prepay our entire rent obligation for the extended lease term aggregating $270.0 million in two equal installments during the fourth

quarter of 2024 and the first quarter of 2025. Upon the execution of the amendment in July 2024, we recognized $265.1 million,

representing the present value of our rent obligation related to the amendment, as operating lease liability.

Ground lease obligations as of September 30, 2024 included leases for 36 of our properties, which accounted for

approximately 9% of our total number of properties. Excluding one ground lease that expires in 2036 related to one operating property

with a net book value of $5.8 million as of September 30, 2024, our ground lease obligations have remaining lease terms ranging from

approximately 30 to 97 years, including extension options that we are reasonably certain to exercise.

The reconciliation of future lease payments under noncancelable operating leases in which we are the lessee to the operating

lease liability reflected in our unaudited consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2024 is in the table below (in thousands):


Year		Total
2024		$140,553
2025		158,233
2026		23,427
2027		22,508
2028		22,176
Thereafter		757,389
Total future payments under our operating leases in which we are the lessee		1,124,286
Effect of discounting		(475,948)
Operating lease liability		$648,338

5.LEASES (continued)

Lessee operating costs

Operating lease costs relate to our ground and office leases in which we are the lessee. Ground leases generally require fixed

annual rent payments and may also include escalation clauses and renewal options. Our operating lease obligations related to our

office leases have remaining terms of up to 12 years, exclusive of extension options. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024

and 2023, amounts paid and classified as operating activities in our unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows for leases in which

we are the lessee aggregated $24.7 million and $24.6 million, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024

and 2023, our costs for operating leases in which we are the lessee were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2024	2023	2024	2023
Gross operating lease costs	$10,701	$9,005	$29,842	$30,277
Capitalized lease costs	(521)	(688)	(1,567)	(4,906)
Expenses for operating leases in which we are the lessee	$10,180	$8,317	$28,275	$25,371

6. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash consisted of the following as of September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (in

thousands):


	September 30, 2024	December 31, 2023
Cash and cash equivalents	$562,606	$618,190
Restricted cash:
Funds held in escrow for real estate acquisitions	11,923	37,434
Other	5,108	5,147
	17,031	42,581
Total	$579,637	$660,771

7.INVESTMENTS