Cover and table of contents

532K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown

Cover and table of contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2024

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number 001-35651

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware			13-2614959
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

240 Greenwich Street

New York, New York 10286

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code – (212) 495-1784

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value	BK	New York Stock Exchange
6.244% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Normal Preferred Capital Securities of Mellon Capital IV	BK/P	New York Stock Exchange
(fully and unconditionally guaranteed by The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of March 31, 2024, 747,815,835 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share, were outstanding.

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION

First Quarter 2024 Form 10-Q

Table of Contents


			Page
Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)			2

Part I – Financial Information
Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk:
General			4
Overview			4

Highlights of first quarter 2024 results			4
Fee and other revenue			6
Net interest income			9
Noninterest expense			11
Income taxes			11
Review of business segments			11
Critical accounting estimates			20
Consolidated balance sheet review			20
Liquidity and dividends			29
Capital			33
Trading activities and risk management			37
Asset/liability management			39
Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures			41
Recent accounting and regulatory developments			45
Website information			46

Item 1. Financial Statements:
Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited)			47
Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement (unaudited)			49
Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)			50
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)			51
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)			52


			Page
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements:
Note 1—Basis of presentation			55
Note 2—New accounting guidance			55
Note 3—Acquisitions and dispositions			56
Note 4—Securities			57
Note 5—Loans and asset quality			61

Note 6—Goodwill and intangible assets			67
Note 7—Other assets			69
Note 8—Contract revenue			70
Note 9—Net interest income			73
Note 10—Employee benefit plans			73
Note 11—Income taxes			73
Note 12—Variable interest entities			74
Note 13—Preferred stock			75
Note 14—Other comprehensive income (loss)			76
Note 15—Fair value measurement			76
Note 16—Fair value option			81
Note 17—Derivative instruments			81
Note 18—Commitments and contingent liabilities			88
Note 19—Business segments			93
Note 20—Supplemental information to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows			96

Item 4. Controls and Procedures			97
Forward-looking Statements			98

Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.			101

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.			101
Item 5. Other Information.			101
Item 6. Exhibits.			101

Index to Exhibits			102
Signature			104

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited)


	Quarter ended
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted)	March 31, 2024			Dec. 31, 2023			March 31, 2023
Results applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation:
Net income (a)	$	953		$	162		$	911
Basic earnings per share (a)	$	1.26		$	0.21		$	1.13
Diluted earnings per share (a)	$	1.25		$	0.21		$	1.13

Fee and other revenue (a)	$	3,487		$	3,257		$	3,287
Net interest income	1,040			1,101			1,128
Total revenue (a)	$	4,527		$	4,358		$	4,415

Return on common equity (annualized) (a)	10.7		%	1.8		%	10.4		%
Return on tangible common equity (annualized) – Non-GAAP (a)(b)	20.7		%	3.6		%	20.5		%

Fee revenue as a percentage of total revenue (a)	73		%	74		%	71		%

Non-U.S. revenue as a percentage of total revenue (a)	34		%	36		%	34		%

Pre-tax operating margin (a)	29		%	6		%	29		%

Net interest margin	1.19		%	1.26		%	1.29		%
Net interest margin on a fully taxable equivalent (“FTE”) basis – Non-GAAP (c)	1.19		%	1.26		%	1.29		%

Assets under custody and/or administration (“AUC/A”) at period end (in trillions) (d)	$	48.8		$	47.8		$	46.6
Assets under management (“AUM”) at period end (in trillions) (e)	$	2.02		$	1.97		$	1.91

Average common shares and equivalents outstanding (in thousands):
Basic	756,937			767,146			803,340
Diluted	762,268			772,102			807,718

Selected average balances:
Interest-earning assets	$	346,133		$	344,174		$	348,378
Total assets (a)	$	403,985		$	401,605		$	407,278
Interest-bearing deposits	$	228,897		$	220,408		$	204,114
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	49,949		$	52,667		$	69,886
Long-term debt	$	31,087		$	30,702		$	30,246
Preferred stock	$	4,343		$	4,773		$	4,838
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity (a)	$	35,905		$	36,050		$	35,483

Other information at period end:
Cash dividends per common share	$	0.42		$	0.42		$	0.37
Common dividend payout ratio (a)	34		%	202		%	33		%
Common dividend yield (annualized)	2.9		%	3.2		%	3.3		%
Closing stock price per common share	$	57.62		$	52.05		$	45.44
Market capitalization	$	43,089		$	39,524		$	35,858
Book value per common share (a)	$	48.44		$	47.97		$	45.22
Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP (a)(b)	$	25.44		$	25.25		$	23.38
Full-time employees	52,100			53,400			51,600
Common shares outstanding (in thousands)	747,816			759,344			789,134

2 BNY Mellon

Consolidated Financial Highlights (unaudited) (continued)


Regulatory capital and other ratios	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
Average liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”)	117	%	117	%
Average net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”)	136	%	135%

Regulatory capital ratios: (a)(f)
Advanced Approaches:
Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) ratio	11.1	%	11.5	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	13.7		14.2
Total capital ratio	14.5		14.9
Standardized Approach:
CET1 ratio	10.8	%	11.9	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	13.4		14.6
Total capital ratio	14.3		15.6

Tier 1 leverage ratio	5.9	%	6.0	%
Supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”)	7.0		7.3

BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio (a)	9.3	%	9.9	%
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio (a)	8.3		8.9

(a) Prior periods were restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(b) Return on tangible common equity and tangible book value per common share, Non-GAAP measures, exclude goodwill and intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for the reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures.

(c) See “Net interest income” on page 9 for a reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.

(d) Consists of AUC/A primarily from the Asset Servicing line of business and, to a lesser extent, the Clearance and Collateral Management, Issuer Services, Pershing and Wealth Management lines of business. Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon Global Securities Services Company (“CIBC Mellon”), a joint venture with the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, of $1.7 trillion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023 and $1.5 trillion at March 31, 2023.

(e) Excludes assets managed outside of the Investment and Wealth Management business segment.

(f) For our CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios, our effective capital ratios under U.S. capital rules are the lower of the ratios as calculated under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches. For additional information on our capital ratios, see “Capital” beginning on page 33.

BNY Mellon 3


Part I – Financial Information


Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations; Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

General

In this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, references to “our,” “we,” “us,” “BNY Mellon,” the “Company” and similar terms refer to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. The term “Parent” refers to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation but not its subsidiaries.

Certain business terms used in this report are defined in the Glossary included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”).

The following should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report. Investors should also read the section titled “Forward-looking Statements.”

Overview

BNY Mellon is a global financial services company that helps make money work for the world – managing it, moving it and keeping it safe. For 240 years we have partnered alongside our clients, putting our expertise and platforms to work to help them achieve their ambitions. Today we help over 90% of Fortune 100 companies and nearly all the top 100 banks globally access the money they need. We support governments in funding local projects and work with over 90% of the top 100 pension plans to safeguard investments for millions of individuals, and so much more. As of March 31, 2024, we oversee $48.8 trillion in assets under custody and/or administration and $2.0 trillion in assets under management.

BNY Mellon is the corporate brand of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (NYSE: BK). We are headquartered in New York City, employ over 50,000 people globally and have been named among Fortune’s World’s Most Admired Companies and Fast Company’s Best Workplaces for Innovators.

BNY Mellon has three business segments, Securities Services, Market and Wealth Services and Investment and Wealth Management, which offer a comprehensive set of capabilities and deep expertise across the investment life cycle, enabling the

Company to provide solutions to buy-side and sell-side market participants, as well as leading institutional and wealth management clients globally.

The diagram below presents our three business segments and lines of business, with the remaining operations in the Other segment.


		The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation


Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management

	Asset Servicing		Pershing		Investment Management


	Issuer Services		Treasury Services		Wealth Management


			Clearance and Collateral Management

Highlights of first quarter 2024 results

Net income applicable to common shareholders was $953 million, or $1.25 per diluted common share, in the first quarter of 2024, including the impact of notable items. Notable items in the first quarter of 2024 include severance expense and litigation reserves. Excluding notable items, net income applicable to common shareholders was $982 million (Non-GAAP), or $1.29 (Non-GAAP) per diluted common share, in the first quarter of 2024. Net income applicable to common shareholders was $911 million, or $1.13 per diluted common share, in the first quarter of 2023, including the impact of notable items. Notable items in the first quarter of 2023 include litigation reserves and a disposal loss. Excluding notable items, net income applicable to common shareholders was $915 million (Non-GAAP), or $1.13 (Non-GAAP) per diluted common share, in the first quarter of 2023.

The highlights below are based on the first quarter of 2024 compared with the first quarter of 2023, unless otherwise noted.

4 BNY Mellon

Total revenue increased 3%, primarily reflecting:
Fee revenue increased 5%, primarily reflecting higher market values and higher client activity, partially offset by lower foreign exchange volatility, the mix of AUM flows and lower performance fees. (See “Fee and other revenue” beginning on page 6.)
Investment and other revenue increased primarily reflecting higher other investment, other trading and seed capital results. (See “Fee and other revenue” beginning on page 6.)
Net interest income decreased 8%, primarily reflecting changes in balance sheet mix, partially offset by higher interest rates. (See “Net interest income” on page 9.)
Provision for credit losses was $27 million, primarily driven by reserve increases related to commercial real estate exposure. (See “Consolidated balance sheet review – Allowance for credit losses” beginning on page 27.)
Noninterest expense increased 2%, primarily reflecting higher investments, severance expense and employee merit increases, partially offset by efficiency savings. Excluding notable items, noninterest expense increased 1% (Non-GAAP). (See “Noninterest expense” on page 11.)
Effective tax rate of 22.4%. (See “Income taxes” on page 11.)
Return on common equity (“ROE”) was 10.7% for the first quarter of 2024. Excluding notable items, the adjusted ROE was 11.0% (Non-GAAP) for the first quarter of 2024.
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”) was 20.7% (Non-GAAP) for the first quarter of

Excluding notable items, the adjusted ROTCE was 21.3% (Non-GAAP) for the first quarter of 2024.

See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for a reconciliation of these Non-GAAP measures.

Metrics

AUC/A of $48.8 trillion increased 5%, primarily reflecting higher market values, partially offset by lower collateral management balances.
AUM of $2.0 trillion increased 6%, primarily reflecting higher market values.

Capital and liquidity

*•*Our CET1 ratio calculated under the Standardized Approach was 10.8% at March 31, 2024 and 11.5% at Dec. 31, 2023 under the Advanced Approaches. The decrease reflects higher period-end risk-weighted assets and the reduction in capital. (See “Capital” beginning on page 33.)

Tier 1 leverage was 5.9% at March 31, 2024 and 6.0% at Dec. 31, 2023. The decrease reflects the reduction in capital and higher average assets. (See “Capital” beginning on page 33.)
Returned $1.3 billion to common shareholders, including $988 million of common share repurchases.

BNY Mellon 5

Fee and other revenue


Fee and other revenue
(dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)										1Q24 vs.
1Q24	4Q23			1Q23			4Q23			1Q23
Investment services fees	$	2,278		$	2,242		$	2,119		2	%	8	%
Investment management and performance fees (a)	776			743			776			4		—
Foreign exchange revenue	152			143			176			6		(14)
Financing-related fees	57			45			52			27		10
Distribution and servicing fees	42			41			33			2		27
Total fee revenue	3,305			3,214			3,156			3		5
Investment and other revenue (b)	182			43			131			N/M		N/M
Total fee and other revenue (b)	$	3,487		$	3,257		$	3,287		7	%	6	%

Fee revenue as a percentage of total revenue	73		%	74		%	71		%

AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (c)	$	48.8		$	47.8		$	46.6		2	%	5	%
AUM at period end (in billions) (d)	$	2,015		$	1,974		$	1,908		2	%	6	%

(a) Excludes seed capital gains (losses) related to consolidated investment management funds.

(b) Prior periods were restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(c) Consists of AUC/A primarily from the Asset Servicing line of business and, to a lesser extent, the Clearance and Collateral Management, Issuer Services, Pershing and Wealth Management lines of business. Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon of $1.7 trillion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023 and $1.5 trillion at March 31, 2023.

(d) Excludes assets managed outside of the Investment and Wealth Management business segment.

N/M – Not meaningful.

Fee revenue increased 5% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 3% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher investment services fees, partially offset by lower foreign exchange revenue. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher investment services fees and investment management and performance fees.

Investment and other revenue increased $51 million compared with the first quarter of 2023 and $139 million compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher other investment, other trading and seed capital results. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects the reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Investment services fees

Investment services fees increased 8% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 2% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values, net new business and higher collateral management fees and clearance volumes. The

increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values and client activity, partially offset by lower Depositary Receipts revenue.

AUC/A totaled $48.8 trillion at March 31, 2024, an increase of 5% compared with March 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher market values, partially offset by lower collateral management balances. AUC/A consisted of 37% equity securities and 63% fixed income securities at March 31, 2024, and 33% equity securities and 67% fixed income securities at March 31, 2023.

See “Securities Services business segment” and “Market and Wealth Services business segment” in “Review of business segments” for additional details.

Investment management and performance fees

Investment management and performance fees were flat compared with the first quarter of 2023 and increased 4% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared with the first quarter of 2023, higher market values were offset by the mix of AUM flows and lower performance fees. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values, partially offset by the

6 BNY Mellon

timing of performance fees. Performance fees were $10 million in the first quarter of 2024, $22 million in the first quarter of 2023 and $19 million in the fourth quarter of 2023. On a constant currency basis (Non-GAAP), investment management and performance fees decreased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2023. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for the reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures.

AUM was $2.0 trillion at March 31, 2024, an increase of 6% compared with March 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher market values.

See “Investment and Wealth Management business segment” in “Review of business segments” for additional details regarding the drivers of investment management and performance fees, AUM and AUM flows.

Foreign exchange revenue

Foreign exchange revenue is primarily driven by the volume of client transactions and the spread realized on these transactions, both of which are impacted by market volatility, the impact of foreign currency hedging activities and foreign currency remeasurement gain (loss). Foreign exchange revenue decreased 14% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and increased 6% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects lower volatility. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher volumes. Foreign exchange revenue is primarily reported in the Securities Services business segment and, to a lesser extent, in the Market and Wealth Services and Investment and Wealth Management business segments and the Other segment.

Financing-related fees

Financing-related fees, which are primarily reported in the Market and Wealth Services and Securities Services business segments, include capital market fees, loan commitment fees and credit-related fees. Financing-related fees increased 10% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 27% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023, primarily reflecting higher underwriting fees.

Investment and other revenue

Investment and other revenue includes income or loss from consolidated investment management funds, seed capital gains or losses, other trading revenue or loss, renewable energy investments gains, income from corporate and bank-owned life insurance contracts, other investment gains or losses, gains or losses from disposals, expense reimbursements from our CIBC Mellon joint venture, other income or loss and net securities gains or losses. The income or loss from consolidated investment management funds should be considered together with the net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests, which reflects the portion of the consolidated funds for which we do not have an economic interest and is reflected below net income as a separate line item on the consolidated income statement. Other trading revenue or loss primarily includes the impact of market-risk hedging activity related to our seed capital investments in investment management funds, non-foreign currency derivative and fixed income trading, and other hedging activity. Other investment gains or losses includes fair value changes of non-readily marketable strategic equity, private equity and other investments. Expense reimbursements from our CIBC Mellon joint venture relate to expenses incurred by BNY Mellon on behalf of the CIBC Mellon joint venture. Other income includes various miscellaneous revenues.

BNY Mellon 7

The following table provides the components of investment and other revenue.


Investment and other revenue
(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23
Income from consolidated investment management funds	$	15	$	26	$	5
Seed capital gains (a)	14		18		8
Other trading revenue	69		47		45
Renewable energy investments gains (b)	6		2		20
Corporate/bank-owned life insurance	28		39		27
Other investments gains (losses) (c)	17		55		(9)
Disposal (losses)	—		(6)		(1)
Expense reimbursements from joint venture	27		28		29
Other income (loss)	7		(118)		8
Net securities (losses)	(1)		(48)		(1)
Total investment and other revenue (b)	$	182	$	43	$	131

(a) Includes gains (losses) on investments in BNY Mellon funds which hedge deferred incentive awards.

(c) Includes strategic equity, private equity and other investments.

The increase in total investment and other revenue compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher other investment, other trading and seed capital results. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects the reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable in the fourth quarter of 2023.

8 BNY Mellon

Net interest income


Net interest income
										1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions)	1Q24			4Q23			1Q23			4Q23		1Q23
Net interest income	$	1,040		$	1,101		$	1,128		(6)%		(8)%
Add: Tax equivalent adjustment	—			1			—			N/M		N/M
Net interest income (FTE) – Non-GAAP (a)	$	1,040		$	1,102		$	1,128		(6)%		(8)%

Average interest-earning assets	$	346,133		$	344,174		$	348,378		1%		(1)%

Net interest margin	1.19		%	1.26		%	1.29		%	(7)	bps	(10)	bps
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP (a)	1.19		%	1.26		%	1.29		%	(7)	bps	(10)	bps

(a) Net interest income (FTE) – Non-GAAP and net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP include the tax equivalent adjustments on tax-exempt income, which allows for comparisons of amounts arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practice. The adjustment to an FTE basis has no impact on net income.

N/M – Not meaningful.

bps – basis points.

Net interest income decreased 8% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 6% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects changes in balance sheet mix, partially offset by higher interest rates. The decrease compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects changes in balance sheet mix.

Net interest margin decreased 10 basis points compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 7 basis points compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The changes compared with the first quarter of 2023 and the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflect the factors mentioned above.

Average interest-earning assets decreased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and increased 1% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects lower securities and interest-bearing deposits with banks, partially offset by higher interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher securities balances, partially offset by lower interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks.

Average non-U.S. dollar deposits comprised approximately 25% of our average total deposits in the first quarter of 2024. Approximately 45% of the average non-U.S. dollar deposits in the first quarter of 2024 were euro-denominated.

BNY Mellon 9


Average balances and interest rates	Quarter ended
	March 31, 2024						Dec. 31, 2023						March 31, 2023
(dollars in millions; average rates annualized)	Average balance		Interest		Average rates		Average balance		Interest		Average rates			Average balance		Interest		Average rates
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	$	102,795	$	1,219	4.69	%	$	107,291	$	1,294	4.72	%		$	94,899	$	853	3.59	%
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	11,724		121		4.16		12,110		130		4.26			16,225		140		3.51
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (a)	27,019		2,433		36.22		25,753		2,308		35.55			24,631		991		16.32
Loans	65,844		1,061		6.48		65,677		1,064		6.43			63,261		866		5.54
Securities:
U.S. government obligations	27,242		250		3.70		28,641		245		3.40			38,852		279		2.89
U.S. government agency obligations	63,135		508		3.22		59,067		436		2.95			62,280		405		2.60

Other securities (b)	43,528		435		4.01		39,415		399		4.03			42,452		338		3.21
Total investment securities (b)	133,905		1,193		3.57		127,123		1,080		3.39			143,584		1,022		2.86
Trading securities (b)	4,846		69		5.75		6,220		88		5.59			5,778		70		4.97
Total securities (b)	138,751		1,262		3.65		133,343		1,168		3.49			149,362		1,092		2.94
Total interest-earning assets (b)	$	346,133	$	6,096	7.06	%	$	344,174	$	5,964	6.86	%		$	348,378	$	3,942	4.56	%
Noninterest-earning assets	57,852						57,431							58,900
Total assets	$	403,985					$	401,605						$	407,278

Liabilities and equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits	$	228,897	$	2,187	3.84	%	$	220,408	$	2,108	3.79	%		$	204,114	$	1,366	2.71	%
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements (a)	16,133		2,243		55.91		16,065		2,122		52.41			18,316		892		19.75
Trading liabilities	1,649		21		5.11		2,857		35		4.83			3,025		30		4.05
Other borrowed funds	502		4		3.47		465		6		5.56			711		3		1.75
Commercial paper	8		—		5.42		5		—		5.40			—		—		—
Payables to customers and broker-dealers	12,420		146		4.74		12,586		148		4.67			16,954		128		3.08
Long-term debt	31,087		455		5.82		30,702		443		5.70			30,246		395		5.22
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	290,696	$	5,056	6.99	%	$	283,088	$	4,862	6.81	%		$	273,366	$	2,814	4.17	%
Total noninterest-bearing deposits	49,949						52,667							69,886
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities	23,005						24,962							23,687
Total liabilities	363,650						360,717							366,939
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity	40,248						40,823							40,321
Noncontrolling interests	87						65							18
Total liabilities and equity	$	403,985					$	401,605						$	407,278
Net interest income (FTE) – Non-GAAP (b)(c)			$	1,040					$	1,102						$	1,128
Net interest margin (FTE) – Non-GAAP (b)(c)					1.19	%					1.26	%						1.29	%
Less: Tax equivalent adjustment			—						1							—
Net interest income – GAAP			$	1,040					$	1,101						$	1,128
Net interest margin – GAAP					1.19	%					1.26	%						1.29	%

(a) Includes the average impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements of approximately $151 billion for the first quarter of 2024, $141 billion for the fourth quarter of 2023 and $62 billion for the first quarter of 2023. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the yield on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements would have been 5.49% for the first quarter of 2024, 5.48% for the fourth quarter of 2023 and 4.62% for the first quarter of 2023. On a Non-GAAP basis, excluding the impact of offsetting, the rate on federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements would have been 5.38% for the first quarter of 2024, 5.35% for the fourth quarter of 2023 and 4.49% for the first quarter of 2023. We believe providing the rates excluding the impact of netting is useful to investors as it is more reflective of the actual rates earned and paid.

(b) Average rates were calculated on an FTE basis, at tax rates of approximately 21%.

(c) See “Net interest income” on page 9 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.

10 BNY Mellon

Noninterest expense


Noninterest expense
							1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23		4Q23		1Q23
Staff	$	1,857	$	1,831	$	1,791	1	%	4	%
Software and equipment	475		486		429		(2)		11
Professional, legal and other purchased services	349		406		375		(14)		(7)
Net occupancy	124		162		119		(23)		4
Sub-custodian and clearing	119		117		118		2		1
Distribution and servicing	96		88		85		9		13
Business development	36		61		39		(41)		(8)
Bank assessment charges	17		670		40		(97)		(58)

Amortization of intangible assets	12		14		14		(14)		(14)
Other	91		160		90		(43)		1
Total noninterest expense	$	3,176	$	3,995	$	3,100	(21)	%	2	%

Full-time employees at period end	52,100		53,400		51,600		(2)	%	1	%

Total noninterest expense increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2023, primarily reflecting higher investments, severance expense and employee merit increases, partially offset by efficiency savings. Excluding notable items, noninterest expense increased 1% (Non-GAAP) compared with the first quarter of 2023. The investments in growth, infrastructure and efficiency initiatives are primarily included in staff, software and equipment, and professional, legal and other purchased services expenses. Total noninterest expense decreased 21% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023, primarily reflecting the impact of notable items recorded in 2023, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) special assessment, severance expense and litigation reserves, and the favorable impact of efficiency savings, partially offset by higher revenue-related expenses. Excluding notable items, noninterest expense increased 1% (Non-GAAP) compared with the fourth quarter of 2023.

See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.

Income taxes

BNY Mellon recorded an income tax provision of $297 million (22.4% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2024. The income tax provision was $306 million (23.8% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2023 and $73 million (26.2% effective tax rate) in the fourth quarter of 2023.

On Jan. 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, on a retrospective basis. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the new accounting guidance.

For additional information on income taxes, see Note 11 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Review of business segments

We have an internal information system that produces performance data along product and service lines for our three principal business segments: Securities Services, Market and Wealth Services and Investment and Wealth Management, and the Other segment.

Business segment accounting principles

Our business segment data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the businesses will track their economic performance.

For information on the accounting principles of our business segments, see Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. For information on the primary products and services in each line of business, the primary types of revenue by line of

BNY Mellon 11

business and how our business segments are presented and analyzed, see Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report.

Business segment results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made, or for refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies. Refinements are typically reflected on a prospective basis. In the first quarter of 2024, we made certain realignments of similar products and services within our lines of business consistent with the firm’s ongoing transition to a platforms operating model uniting related capabilities and enabling streamlining of internal processes to drive growth, efficiency, resiliency, and enhanced risk management. The largest change was the movement of Institutional Solutions from Pershing to Clearance and Collateral Management, both in the Market and Wealth Services business segment. We made other smaller changes that moved activity from Asset Servicing in the Securities Services business segment to Treasury Services in the Market and Wealth Services business segment, and from Wealth Management in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment and Pershing in the Market and Wealth Services business segment to Investment Management in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment. The Other segment was not impacted by the changes. Prior period business segment results have been revised to reflect these changes.

The results of our business segments may be influenced by client and other activities that vary by quarter. In the first quarter, staff expense typically increases, reflecting the vesting of long-term stock awards for retirement-eligible employees. The timing of our annual employee merit increases also impacts staff expense. In 2024, the merit increase was effective in March, thus partially impacting the first quarter and second quarter staff expense variances. For 2023, the merit increase was effective at the beginning of the second quarter. In the third quarter,

volume-related fees may decline due to reduced client activity. In the fourth quarter, we typically incur higher business development and marketing expenses. In our Investment and Wealth Management business segment, performance fees are typically higher in the fourth and first quarters, as those quarters represent the end of the measurement period for many of the performance fee-eligible relationships.

The results of our business segments may also be impacted by the translation of financial results denominated in foreign currencies to the U.S. dollar. We are primarily impacted by activities denominated in the British pound and the euro. On a consolidated basis and in our Securities Services and Market and Wealth Services business segments, we typically have more foreign currency-denominated expenses than revenues. However, our Investment and Wealth Management business segment typically has more foreign currency-denominated revenues than expenses. Overall, currency fluctuations impact the year-over-year growth rate in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment more than the Securities Services and Market and Wealth Services business segments. However, currency fluctuations, in isolation, are not expected to significantly impact net income on a consolidated basis.

Fee revenue in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment, and, to a lesser extent, the Securities Services and Market and Wealth Services business segments, is impacted by global market fluctuations. At March 31, 2024, we estimated that a 5% change in global equity markets, spread evenly throughout the year, would impact fee revenue by less than 1% and diluted earnings per common share by $0.04 to $0.07.

See Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the consolidating schedules, which show the contribution of our business segments to our overall profitability.

12 BNY Mellon

Securities Services business segment



(dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)																	1Q24 vs.
1Q24	4Q23						3Q23	2Q23			1Q23			4Q23			1Q23
Revenue:
Investment services fees:
Asset Servicing	$	1,013		$	975			$	976		$	980		$	941		4	%	8	%
Issuer Services	261			285				281			319			236			(8)		11
Total investment services fees	1,274			1,260				1,257			1,299			1,177			1		8
Foreign exchange revenue	124			118				107			124			139			5		(11)
Other fees (a)	59			54				52			54			55			9		7
Total fee revenue	1,457			1,432				1,416			1,477			1,371			2		6
Investment and other revenue	99			112				65			84			72			N/M		N/M
Total fee and other revenue	1,556			1,544				1,481			1,561			1,443			1		8
Net interest income	583			635				600			668			666			(8)		(12)
Total revenue	2,139			2,179				2,081			2,229			2,109			(2)		1
Provision for credit losses	11			64				19			16			—			N/M		N/M
Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	1,530			1,645				1,590			1,560			1,532			(7)		—
Amortization of intangible assets	7			8				8			7			8			(13)		(13)
Total noninterest expense	1,537			1,653				1,598			1,567			1,540			(7)		—
Income before income taxes	$	591		$	462			$	464		$	646		$	569		28	%	4	%

Pre-tax operating margin	28		%	21		%		22		%	29		%	27		%

Securities lending revenue (b)	$	46		$	48			$	46		$	47		$	48		(4)	%	(4)	%

Total revenue by line of business:
Asset Servicing	$	1,668		$	1,675			$	1,585		$	1,695		$	1,657		—	%	1	%
Issuer Services	471			504				496			534			452			(7)		4
Total revenue by line of business	$	2,139		$	2,179			$	2,081		$	2,229		$	2,109		(2)	%	1	%

Selected average balances:
Average loans	$	11,204		$	11,366			$	11,236		$	11,283		$	10,939		(1)	%	2	%
Average deposits	$	174,687		$	171,086			$	162,509		$	172,863		$	167,209		2	%	4	%

Selected metrics:
AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (c)	$	35.4		$	34.2			$	32.3		$	33.2		$	32.6		4	%	9	%
Market value of securities on loan at period end (in billions) (d)	$	486		$	450			$	406		$	415		$	441		8	%	10	%

Issuer Services:
Total debt serviced at period end (in trillions) (e)	$	14.0		$	14.0			$	13.8		$	13.8		$	13.6		—	%	3	%
Number of sponsored Depositary Receipts programs at period end	527			543				559			564			577			(3)	%	(9)	%

(a) Other fees primarily include financing-related fees.

(b) Included in investment services fees reported in the Asset Servicing line of business.

(c) Consists of AUC/A primarily from the Asset Servicing line of business and, to a lesser extent, the Issuer Services line of business. Includes the AUC/A of CIBC Mellon of $1.7 trillion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, $1.5 trillion at Sept. 30, 2023, $1.6 trillion at June 30, 2023 and $1.5 trillion at March 31, 2023.

(d) Represents the total amount of securities on loan in our agency securities lending program. Excludes securities for which BNY Mellon acts as agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $64 billion at March 31, 2024, $63 billion at Dec. 31, 2023 and Sept. 30, 2023, $66 billion at June 30, 2023 and $69 billion at March 31, 2023

(e) Reported amounts have been revised from previously reported amounts.

N/M – Not meaningful.

Business segment description

The Securities Services business segment consists of two distinct lines of business, Asset Servicing and Issuer Services, which provide business solutions across the transaction life cycle to our global asset owner and asset manager clients. We are one of the leading global investment services providers with

$35.4 trillion of AUC/A at March 31, 2024. For information on the drivers of the Securities Services fee revenue, see Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report.

The Asset Servicing business provides a comprehensive suite of solutions. We are one of the largest global custody and front-to-back outsourcing

BNY Mellon 13

partners. We offer services for the safekeeping of assets in capital markets globally, as well as fund accounting services, exchange-traded funds servicing, transfer agency, trust and depository, front-to-back capabilities as well as data and analytics solutions for our clients. We deliver foreign exchange, securities lending and financing solutions, on both an agency and principal basis. Our agency securities lending program is one of the largest lenders of U.S. and non-U.S. securities, servicing a lendable asset pool of approximately $5 trillion in 34 separate markets. Our market-leading liquidity services portal enables cash investments for institutional clients and includes fund research and analytics.

Our Digital Asset Custody platform offers custody and administration services for Bitcoin and Ether for select U.S. institutional clients. Our Digital Assets Funds Services provides accounting and administration, transfer agency and ETF services to digital asset funds. We expect to continue developing our digital asset capabilities and to work closely with clients to address their evolving digital asset needs. As of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, our Digital Asset Custody platform and related initiative had a de minimis impact on our assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses.

The Issuer Services business includes Corporate Trust and Depositary Receipts. Our Corporate Trust business delivers a full range of issuer and related investor services, including trustee, paying agency, fiduciary, escrow and other financial services. We are a leading provider to the debt capital markets, providing customized and market-driven solutions to investors, bondholders and lenders. Our Depositary Receipts business drives global investing by providing servicing and value-added solutions that enable, facilitate and enhance cross-border trading, clearing, settlement and ownership. We are one of the largest providers of depositary receipts services in the world, partnering with leading companies from more than 50 countries.

Review of financial results

AUC/A of $35.4 trillion increased 9% compared with March 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher market values.

Total revenue of $2.1 billion increased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and decreased 2% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The drivers of total revenue by line of business are indicated below.

Asset Servicing revenue of $1.7 billion increased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and was flat compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values, net new business and higher client activity, partially offset by lower net interest income and foreign exchange revenue. Compared with the fourth quarter of 2023, higher market values, client activity and foreign exchange revenue were offset by lower net interest income and a strategic equity investment gain in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Issuer Services revenue of $471 million increased 4% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and decreased 7% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher Depositary Receipts revenue, partially offset by lower net interest income. The decrease compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects lower Depositary Receipts revenue and net interest income.

Market and regulatory trends are driving investable assets toward lower fee asset management products at reduced margins for our clients. These dynamics are also negatively impacting our investment services fees. However, at the same time, these trends are providing additional outsourcing opportunities as clients and other market participants seek to comply with regulations and reduce their operating costs.

Noninterest expense of $1.5 billion was flat compared with the first quarter of 2023 and decreased 7% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. Compared with the first quarter of 2023, higher investments and employee merit increases were offset by efficiency savings. The decrease compared with fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects efficiency savings, lower severance expense and lower revenue-related expenses.

14 BNY Mellon

Market and Wealth Services business segment



(dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)																1Q24 vs.
1Q24	4Q23			3Q23			2Q23			1Q23			4Q23			1Q23
Revenue:
Investment services fees:
Pershing	$	482		$	472		$	478		$	466		$	469		2	%	3	%
Treasury Services	184			179			180			183			175			3		5
Clearance and Collateral Management	329			322			305			295			290			2		13
Total investment services fees	995			973			963			944			934			2		7
Foreign exchange revenue	24			21			21			21			18			14		33
Other fees (a)	58			50			49			52			51			16		14
Total fee revenue	1,077			1,044			1,033			1,017			1,003			3		7
Investment and other revenue	17			16			16			16			15			N/M		N/M
Total fee and other revenue	1,094			1,060			1,049			1,033			1,018			3		7
Net interest income	423			436			401			420			453			(3)		(7)
Total revenue	1,517			1,496			1,450			1,453			1,471			1		3
Provision for credit losses	5			28			6			7			—			N/M		N/M
Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	833			836			790			792			781			—		7
Amortization of intangible assets	1			1			2			2			1			—		—
Total noninterest expense	834			837			792			794			782			—		7
Income before income taxes	$	678		$	631		$	652		$	652		$	689		7	%	(2)	%

Pre-tax operating margin	45		%	42		%	45		%	45		%	47		%

Total revenue by line of business:
Pershing	$	670		$	669		$	657		$	641		$	649		—	%	3	%
Treasury Services	416			408			397			413			419			2		(1)
Clearance and Collateral Management	431			419			396			399			403			3		7
Total revenue by line of business	$	1,517		$	1,496		$	1,450		$	1,453		$	1,471		1	%	3	%

Selected average balances:
Average loans	$	39,271		$	39,200		$	37,496		$	36,432		$	36,854		—	%	7	%
Average deposits	$	89,539		$	87,695		$	84,000		$	85,407		$	86,040		2	%	4	%

Selected metrics:
AUC/A at period end (in trillions) (b)	$	13.1		$	13.3		$	13.1		$	13.4		$	13.7		(2)	%	(4)	%

Pershing:
AUC/A at period end (in trillions)	$	2.6		$	2.5		$	2.4		$	2.4		$	2.4		4	%	8	%
Net new assets (U.S. platform) (in billions) (c)	$	(2)		$	(4)		$	23		$	(34)		$	37		N/M		N/M
Daily average revenue trades (“DARTs”) (U.S. platform) (in thousands)	290			229			223			223			261			27	%	11	%
Average active clearing accounts (in thousands)	7,991			8,012			7,979			7,946			7,849			—	%	2	%

Treasury Services:
Average daily U.S. dollar payment volumes	237,124			243,005			233,620			233,931			236,322			(2)	%	—	%

Clearance and Collateral Management:
Average tri-party collateral management balances (in billions)	$	5,157		$	5,248		$	5,706		$	6,044		$	5,626		(2)	%	(8)	%

(a) Other fees primarily include financing-related fees.

(b) Consists of AUC/A from the Clearance and Collateral Management and Pershing lines of business.

(c) Net new assets represents net flows of assets (e.g., net cash deposits and net securities transfers, including dividends and interest) in customer accounts in Pershing LLC, a U.S. broker-dealer.

N/M – Not meaningful.

Business segment description

The Market and Wealth Services business segment consists of three distinct lines of business, Pershing, Treasury Services and Clearance and Collateral Management, which provide business services and technology solutions to entities including financial

institutions, corporations, foundations and endowments, public funds and government agencies. For information on the drivers of the Market and Wealth Services fee revenue, see Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report.

BNY Mellon 15

Pershing provides execution, clearing, custody, business and technology solutions, delivering operational support to broker-dealers, wealth managers and registered investment advisors (“RIAs”) globally.

Our Treasury Services business is a leading provider of global payments, liquidity management and trade finance services for financial institutions, corporations and the public sector.

Our Clearance and Collateral Management business clears and settles equity and fixed income transactions globally and serves as custodian for tri-party repo collateral worldwide. We are the primary provider of U.S. government securities clearance and a provider of non-U.S. government securities clearance. Our collateral services include collateral management, administration and segregation. We offer innovative solutions and industry expertise, which help financial institutions and institutional investors with their financing, risk and balance sheet challenges. We are a leading provider of tri-party collateral management services with an average of $5.2 trillion serviced globally, including approximately $4.0 trillion of the U.S. tri-party repo market at March 31, 2024.

Review of financial results

AUC/A of $13.1 trillion decreased 4% compared with March 31, 2023, primarily reflecting lower collateral management balances, partially offset by higher market values.

Total revenue of $1.5 billion increased 3% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 1% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The drivers of total revenue by line of business are indicated below.

Pershing revenue of $670 million increased 3% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and was flat compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values and client activity, partially offset by lost business in the prior year. Compared with the fourth quarter of 2023, higher client activity and market values were offset by lower net interest income and lost business in the prior year.

Treasury Services revenue of $416 million decreased 1% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and increased 2% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects lower net interest income, partially offset by net new business. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher client activity.

Clearance and Collateral Management revenue of $431 million increased 7% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 3% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher collateral management fees and clearance volumes, partially offset by lower net interest income. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher collateral management fees and clearance volumes.

Noninterest expense of $834 million increased 7% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and was flat compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher investments and revenue-related expense and employee merit increases, partially offset by efficiency savings.

16 BNY Mellon

Investment and Wealth Management business segment



																	1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions)	1Q24			4Q23				3Q23			2Q23			1Q23			4Q23			1Q23
Revenue:
Investment management fees	$	768		$	725			$	748		$	753		$	755		6	%		2	%
Performance fees	10			19				30			10			22			N/M			N/M
Investment management and performance fees (a)	778			744				778			763			777			5			—
Distribution and servicing fees	70			66				62			58			55			6			27
Other fees (b)	(60)			(55)				(50)			(56)			(53)			N/M			N/M
Total fee revenue	788			755				790			765			779			4			1
Investment and other revenue (c)	17			(121)				1			12			6			N/M			N/M
Total fee and other revenue (c)	805			634				791			777			785			27			3
Net interest income	41			45				39			39			45			(9)			(9)
Total revenue	846			679				830			816			830			25			2
Provision for credit losses	(1)			(2)				(9)			7			—			N/M			N/M
Noninterest expense (excluding amortization of intangible assets)	736			680				670			674			732			8			1

Amortization of intangible assets	4			5				5			5			5			(20)			(20)
Total noninterest expense	740			685				675			679			737			8			—
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	107		$	(4)			$	164		$	130		$	93		N/M		(d)	15	%

Pre-tax operating margin	13		%	(1)		%		20		%	16		%	11		%
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin – Non-GAAP (e)	14		%	(1)		%	(d)	22		%	18		%	13		%

Total revenue by line of business:
Investment Management	$	576		$	415			$	565		$	553		$	564		39	%		2	%
Wealth Management	270			264				265			263			266			2			2
Total revenue by line of business	$	846		$	679			$	830		$	816		$	830		25	%		2	%

Average balances:
Average loans	$	13,553		$	13,405			$	13,519		$	13,995		$	13,960		1	%		(3)	%
Average deposits	$	11,364		$	12,039			$	13,578		$	15,410		$	16,144		(6)	%		(30)	%

(a) On a constant currency basis, investment management and performance fees decreased 1% (Non-GAAP) compared with the first quarter of 2023. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.

(b) Other fees primarily include investment services fees.

(c) Investment and other revenue and total fee and other revenue are net of income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds.

(d) Excluding notable items, income before taxes decreased 27% (Non-GAAP) compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. Excluding notable items and net of distribution and servicing expense, the adjusted pre-tax operating margin was 21% (Non-GAAP) in the fourth quarter of 2023. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for the reconciliation of these Non-GAAP measures.

(e) Net of distribution and servicing expense. See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for the reconciliation of this Non-GAAP measure.

N/M – Not meaningful.

BNY Mellon 17


AUM trends												1Q24 vs.
(dollars in billions)	1Q24			4Q23		3Q23		2Q23		1Q23		4Q23		1Q23
AUM by product type: (a)
Equity	$	168		$	145	$	133	$	145	$	142	16	%	18	%
Fixed income	219			205		190		203		207		7		6
Index	474			459		425		440		408		3		16
Liability-driven investments	573			605		534		579		604		(5)		(5)
Multi-asset and alternative investments	174			170		156		162		161		2		8
Cash	407			390		383		377		386		4		5
Total AUM	$	2,015		$	1,974	$	1,821	$	1,906	$	1,908	2	%	6	%

Changes in AUM: (a)
Beginning balance of AUM	$	1,974		$	1,821	$	1,906	$	1,908	$	1,836
Net inflows (outflows):
Long-term strategies:
Equity	(4)			(2)		(3)		(3)		(4)
Fixed income	12			3		(7)		(4)		4
Liability-driven investments	13			4		1		(3)		10
Multi-asset and alternative investments	(5)			(1)		(4)		(1)		(3)
Total long-term active strategies inflows (outflows)	16			4		(13)		(11)		7
Index	(15)			(10)		(2)		2		(2)
Total long-term strategies inflows (outflows)	1			(6)		(15)		(9)		5
Short-term strategies:
Cash	16			7		7		(9)		—
Total net inflows (outflows)	17			1		(8)		(18)		5
Net market impact	16			122		(50)		(3)		52
Net currency impact	(10)			30		(27)		19		15
Other	18		(b)	—		—		—		—
Ending balance of AUM	$	2,015		$	1,974	$	1,821	$	1,906	$	1,908	2	%	6	%

Wealth Management client assets (c)	$	309	(d)	$	312	$	292	$	286	$	279	(1)	%	11	%

(a) Excludes assets managed outside of the Investment and Wealth Management business segment.

(b) Includes AUM and AUC/A in the Wealth Management line of business.

(c) Reflects the realignment of similar products and services within our lines of business.

(d) The realignment of similar products and services within our lines of business reduced client assets attributed to the Wealth Management business.

Business segment description

Our Investment and Wealth Management business segment consists of two distinct lines of business: Investment Management and Wealth Management. Our investment firms deliver a highly diversified portfolio of investment strategies independently, and through our global distribution network, to institutional and retail clients globally. BNY Mellon Wealth Management provides investment management, custody, wealth and estate planning, private banking services, investment servicing and information management. See pages 18 and 19 of our 2023 Annual Report for additional information on our Investment and Wealth Management business segment.

Review of financial results

AUM of $2.0 trillion as of March 31, 2024, increased 6% compared with March 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher market values.

Net long-term strategy inflows were $1 billion in the first quarter of 2024, driven by liability-driven and fixed income investments, partially offset by the outflows of index, multi-asset and alternative and equity investments. Short-term strategy inflows were $16 billion in the first quarter of 2024. Market and regulatory trends have resulted in increased demand for lower fee asset management products and for performance-based fees.

Total revenue of $846 million increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 25% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The

18 BNY Mellon

drivers of total revenue by line of business are indicated below.

Investment Management revenue of $576 million increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 39% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values, partially offset by the mix of AUM flows and lower performance fees*.* The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects the reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023 and higher market values, partially offset by the timing of performance fees.

Wealth Management revenue of $270 million increased 2% compared with the first quarter of 2023 and 2% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023

primarily reflects higher market values, partially offset by changes in product mix and lower net interest income. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects higher market values, partially offset by lower net interest income.

Revenue generated in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment included 30% from non-U.S. sources in the first quarter of 2024, compared with 31% in the first quarter of 2023 and 36% in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Noninterest expense of $740 million was flat compared with the first quarter of 2023 reflecting higher investments and employee merit increases, offset by efficiency savings. Noninterest expense increased 8% compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflecting higher revenue-related expenses.

Other segment



(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		3Q23		2Q23		1Q23
Fee revenue	$	(17)	$	(17)	$	6	$	(2)	$	3
Investment and other revenue (a)	47		38		74		34		38
Total fee and other revenue (a)	30		21		80		32		41
Net interest (expense)	(7)		(15)		(24)		(27)		(36)
Total revenue (a)	23		6		56		5		5
Provision for credit losses	12		(6)		(13)		(25)		27
Noninterest expense	65		820		24		71		41
(Loss) income before income taxes (a)	$	(54)	$	(808)	$	45	$	(41)	$	(63)

Average loans and leases	$	1,816	$	1,706	$	1,711	$	1,749	$	1,508

See page 20 of our 2023 Annual Report for additional information on the Other segment.

Review of financial results

Total revenue includes corporate treasury and other investment activity, including hedging activity, which has an offsetting impact between fee and other revenue and net interest expense.

Total revenue increased $18 million compared with the first quarter of 2023 and $17 million compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the first quarter of 2023 primarily reflects a strategic equity investment loss recorded in

the first quarter of 2023. The increase compared with the fourth quarter of 2023 primarily reflects net securities losses recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023, partially offset by strategic equity investment gains also recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023.

The provision for credit losses was $12 million in the first quarter of 2024, primarily reflecting increased reserves related to cash balances with exposure to Russia.

Noninterest expense increased $24 million compared with the first quarter of 2023 and decreased $755 million compared with the fourth quarter of 2023. The decrease compared with the fourth quarter of

BNY Mellon 19

2023 primarily reflects the FDIC special assessment recorded in the fourth quarter of 2023 and lower severance expense and litigation reserves.

Critical accounting estimates

Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report. Our critical accounting estimates are those related to the allowance for credit losses, goodwill and other intangibles and litigation and regulatory contingencies, as referenced below.


Critical accounting estimates			Reference
Allowance for credit losses			2023 Annual Report, pages 23-24, and “Allowance for credit losses.”
Goodwill and other intangibles			2023 Annual Report, pages 24-25. Also see below.
Litigation and regulatory contingencies			“Legal proceedings” in Note 18 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Goodwill and other intangibles

BNY Mellon’s business segments include seven reporting units for which goodwill impairment testing is performed on an annual basis. An interim goodwill impairment test is performed when events or circumstances occur that may indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit may be less than its carrying value.

In the first quarter of 2024, due to the results of the fourth quarter 2023 interim goodwill impairment test and macroeconomic conditions, we performed an interim goodwill impairment test of the Investment Management reporting unit, which had $6.1 billion of allocated goodwill. The fair value of the Investment Management reporting unit exceeded its carrying value by approximately 10%. We determined the fair value of the Investment Management reporting unit using an income approach based on management’s projections as of March 31, 2024. The discount rate applied to these cash flows was 10.5%.

As of March 31, 2024, if the discount rate applied to the estimated cash flows was increased or decreased by 25 basis points, the fair value of the Investment Management reporting unit would decrease or increase by 4%, respectively. Similarly, if the long-

term growth rate was increased or decreased by 10 basis points, the fair value of the Investment Management reporting unit would increase or decrease by approximately 1%, respectively.

Determining the fair value of a reporting unit is subject to uncertainty as it is reliant on estimates of cash flows that extend far into the future, and, by their nature, are difficult to estimate over such an extended time frame. In the future, changes in the assumptions or the discount rate could produce a material non-cash goodwill impairment.

Consolidated balance sheet review

One of our key risk management objectives is to maintain a balance sheet that remains strong throughout market cycles to meet the expectations of our major stakeholders, including our shareholders, clients, creditors and regulators.

We also seek to undertake overall liquidity risk, including intraday liquidity risk, that stays within our risk appetite. The objective of our balance sheet management strategy is to maintain a balance sheet that is characterized by strong liquidity and asset quality, ready access to external funding sources at competitive rates and a strong capital structure that supports our risk-taking activities and is adequate to absorb potential losses. In managing the balance sheet, appropriate consideration is given to balancing the competing needs of maintaining sufficient levels of liquidity and complying with applicable regulations and supervisory expectations while optimizing profitability.

At March 31, 2024, total assets were $435 billion, compared with $410 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase in total assets was primarily driven by higher securities and interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, partially offset by lower other assets and interest-bearing deposits with banks. Deposits totaled $309 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $284 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase reflects higher interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices and noninterest-bearing deposits (principally in U.S. offices). Total interest-bearing deposits as a percentage of total interest-earning assets were 66% at March 31, 2024 and 66% at Dec. 31, 2023.

At March 31, 2024, available funds totaled $165 billion and included cash and due from banks,

20 BNY Mellon

interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements. This compares with available funds of $158 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Total available funds as a percentage of total assets was 38% at March 31, 2024 and 38% at Dec. 31, 2023. For additional information on our available funds, see “Liquidity and dividends.”

Securities were $139 billion, or 32% of total assets, at March 31, 2024, compared with $126 billion, or 31% of total assets, at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase primarily reflects higher non-U.S. government, U.S. Treasury and agency RMBS securities, partially offset by unrealized pre-tax losses and lower U.S. government agencies securities. For additional information on our securities portfolio, see “Securities” and Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Loans were $74 billion, or 17% of total assets, at March 31, 2024, compared with $67 billion, or 16% of total assets, at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase was driven by higher overdrafts and loans in the financial institutions portfolio. For additional information on our loan portfolio, see “Loans” and Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Long-term debt totaled $32 billion at March 31, 2024 and $31 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Issuances were

partially offset by maturities and redemptions and a decrease in the fair value of hedged long-term debt. For additional information on long-term debt, see “Liquidity and dividends.”

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation total shareholders’ equity totaled $41 billion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023. For additional information, see “Capital.”

Country risk exposure

The following table presents BNY Mellon’s top 10 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of March 31, 2024, as well as certain countries with higher risk profiles. The exposure is presented on an internal risk management basis and has not been reduced by the allowance for credit losses. We monitor our exposure to these and other countries as part of our internal country risk management process.

The country risk exposure below reflects the Company’s risk to an immediate default of the counterparty or obligor based on the country of residence of the entity which incurs the liability. If there is credit risk mitigation, the country of residence of the entity providing the risk mitigation is the country of risk. The country of risk for securities is generally based on the domicile of the issuer of the security.


Country risk exposure at March 31, 2024	Interest-bearing deposits											Total exposure
(in billions)	Central banks		Banks			Lending (a)		Securities (b)		Other (c)
Top 10 country exposure:
Germany	$	16.1	$	0.6		$	0.8	$	3.9	$	0.3	$	21.7
United Kingdom (“UK”)	9.2		0.3			1.4		4.0		2.5		17.4
Belgium	8.1		1.3			0.1		1.3		—		10.8
Japan	7.5		0.4			0.1		0.5		0.2		8.7
Canada	—		1.8			0.2		4.1		1.5		7.6
Netherlands	3.3		—			0.3		1.4		0.1		5.1
Luxembourg	0.1		0.1			1.4		0.1		2.1		3.8
South Korea	—		—			2.4		0.2		0.4		3.0
Australia	—		1.5			0.3		0.7		0.5		3.0
France	—		—			0.2		2.2		0.2		2.6
Total Top 10 country exposure	$	44.3	$	6.0		$	7.2	$	18.4	$	7.8	$	83.7	(d)

Select country exposure:
Brazil	$	—	$	—		$	0.7	$	0.2	$	0.2	$	1.1
Russia	—		0.4		(e)	—		—		—		0.4

(a) Lending includes loans, acceptances, issued letters of credit, net of participations, and lending-related commitments.

(b) Securities include both the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity portfolios.

(c) Other exposures include over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative and securities financing transactions, net of collateral.

(d) The top 10 country exposures comprise approximately 70% of our total non-U.S. exposure.

(e) Represents cash balances with exposure to Russia.

BNY Mellon 21

Events in recent years have resulted in increased focus on Brazil. The country risk exposure to Brazil is primarily short-term trade finance loans extended to large financial institutions. We also have operations in Brazil providing investment services and investment management services.

The war in Ukraine has increased our focus on Russia. The country risk exposure to Russia consists of cash balances related to our securities services businesses and may increase in the future to the extent cash is received for the benefit of our clients that is subject to distribution restrictions. BNY Mellon has ceased new banking business in Russia

and suspended investment management purchases of Russian securities. At March 31, 2024, less than 0.1% of our AUC/A and less than 0.01% of our AUM consisted of Russian securities. We will continue to work with multinational clients that depend on our custody and recordkeeping services to manage their exposures.

We are monitoring our exposure to Israel as part of our internal country risk management process. At March 31, 2024, our total exposure to Israel was $155 million and primarily consisted of investment grade short-term interest-bearing deposits and OTC derivatives maturing within six months.

Securities

In the discussion of our securities portfolio, we have included certain credit ratings information because the information can indicate the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications could indicate increased credit risk for us and could be accompanied by an increase in the allowance for credit losses and/or a reduction in the fair value of our securities portfolio.

The following table shows the distribution of our total securities portfolio.


Securities portfolio	Dec. 31, 2023			1Q24 change in unrealized gain (loss)		March 31, 2024					Fair value as a % of amortized cost (a)		Unrealized gain (loss)			% Floating rate (b)		Ratings (c)
										BBB+/ BBB-	BB+ and lower
(dollars in millions)	Fair value			Amortized cost (a)		Fair value							AAA/ AA-		A+/ A-	Not rated
Agency RMBS	$	39,333		$	(299)	$	45,805	$	41,642		91	%	$	(4,163)		23	%	100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
U.S. Treasury	26,476			13		30,723		29,896			97		(827)			59		100		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. government (d)	20,543			9		27,081		26,498			98		(583)			37		93		3		3		1		—
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	11,010			11		11,664		11,083			95		(581)			43		100		—		—		—		—
Foreign covered bonds (e)	6,317			11		7,420		7,259			98		(161)			51		100		—		—		—		—
CLOs	7,119			16		7,238		7,248			100		10			100		100		—		—		—		—
U.S. government agencies	6,780			(5)		7,031		6,607			94		(424)			40		100		—		—		—		—
Non-agency commercial MBS	2,997			38		3,219		3,009			93		(210)			53		100		—		—		—		—
Non-agency RMBS	1,766			(6)		1,876		1,727			92		(149)			45		86		2		—		6		6
Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”)	943			6		976		899			92		(77)			18		100		—		—		—		—

Other	11			1		12		11			90		(1)			—		—		—		—		—		100
Total securities	$	123,295	(f)	$	(205)	$	143,045	$	135,879	(f)	95	%	$	(7,166)	(f)(g)	42	%	98	%	1	%	1	%	—	%	—	%

(a) Amortized cost reflects historical impairments and is net of the allowance for credit losses.

(b) Includes the impact of hedges.

(c) Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.

(d) Includes supranational securities. Primarily consists of exposure to Germany, UK, France, Canada, Belgium and the Netherlands.

(e) Primarily consists of exposure to Canada, UK, Australia, Germany, Belgium and Singapore.

(f) Includes net unrealized gains on derivatives hedging securities available-for-sale (including terminated hedges) of $1,767 million at Dec. 31, 2023 and $2,161 million at March 31, 2024.

(g) At March 31, 2024, includes pre-tax net unrealized losses of $1,975 million related to available-for-sale securities, net of hedges, and $5,191 million related to held-to-maturity securities. The after-tax unrealized losses, net of hedges, related to available-for-sale securities is $1,490 million and the after-tax equivalent related to held-to-maturity securities is $3,958 million.

The fair value of our securities portfolio, including related hedges, was $135.9 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $123.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase primarily reflects higher non-U.S. government, U.S. Treasury and agency RMBS

securities, partially offset by unrealized pre-tax losses and lower U.S. government agencies securities.

At March 31, 2024, the securities portfolio had a net unrealized loss, including the impact of related

22 BNY Mellon

hedges, of $7.2 billion, compared with $7.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase in the unrealized loss, including the impact of related hedges, primarily reflects the impact of higher interest rates, partially offset by securities moving closer to maturity.

The fair value of the available-for-sale securities totaled $92.7 billion at March 31, 2024, net of hedges, or 68% of the securities portfolio, net of hedges. The fair value of the held-to-maturity securities totaled $43.2 billion at March 31, 2024, or 32% of the securities portfolio, net of hedges.

The unrealized loss (after-tax) on our available-for-sale securities portfolio, net of hedges, included in accumulated other comprehensive income was $1.5 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $1.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Net unrealized loss, including the impact of hedges, decreased as securities moved closer to maturity, partially offset by the impact of higher interest rates.

At March 31, 2024, 98% of the securities in our portfolio were rated AAA/AA-, compared with 99% at Dec. 31, 2023.

See Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by security type. See Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for securities by level in the fair value hierarchy.

The following table presents the amortizable purchase premium (net of discount) and net amortization related to the securities portfolio.


Amortizable purchase premium (net of discount) and net amortization of securities (a)
(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23

Amortizable purchase premium, net of discount	$	419	$	821	$	1,096

Net amortization	$	19	$	38	$	42

(a) Amortization of purchase premium decreases net interest income while accretion of discount increases net interest income. Both were recorded on a level yield basis.

Loans


Total exposure – consolidated	March 31, 2024						Dec. 31, 2023
(in billions)	Loans		Unfunded commitments		Total exposure		Loans		Unfunded commitments		Total exposure
Financial institutions	$	12.1	$	32.3	$	44.4	$	10.5	$	29.2	$	39.7
Commercial	2.4		11.9		14.3		2.1		11.4		13.5
Wealth management loans	9.0		0.7		9.7		9.1		0.5		9.6
Wealth management mortgages	9.1		0.2		9.3		9.1		0.3		9.4
Commercial real estate	7.0		3.2		10.2		6.8		3.4		10.2
Lease financings	0.6		—		0.6		0.6		—		0.6
Other residential mortgages	1.1		—		1.1		1.2		—		1.2
Overdrafts	7.9		—		7.9		3.1		—		3.1
Capital call financing	4.0		3.3		7.3		3.7		3.6		7.3
Other	2.8		—		2.8		2.7		—		2.7
Margin loans	17.6		—		17.6		18.0		—		18.0
Total	$	73.6	$	51.6	$	125.2	$	66.9	$	48.4	$	115.3

At March 31, 2024, our total lending-related exposure of $125.2 billion increased 9% compared with Dec. 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher overdrafts and exposure in the financial institutions portfolio.

Our financial institutions and commercial portfolios comprise our largest concentrated risk. These portfolios comprised 47% of our total exposure at March 31, 2024 and 46% at Dec. 31, 2023. Additionally, most of our overdrafts relate to financial institutions.

BNY Mellon 23

Financial institutions

The financial institutions portfolio is shown below.


Financial institutions portfolio exposure (dollars in billions)	March 31, 2024											Dec. 31, 2023
Loans	Unfunded commitments		Total exposure		% Inv. grade		% due <1 yr.				Loans	Unfunded commitments		Total exposure
Securities industry	$	2.6	$	17.9	$	20.5	99	%	98	%		$	2.3	$	14.8	$	17.1
Asset managers	1.4		8.1		9.5		96		81			1.4		8.0		9.4
Banks	7.5		1.4		8.9		90		94			6.4		1.4		7.8
Insurance	0.1		3.8		3.9		100		12			0.1		3.9		4.0
Government	—		0.3		0.3		100		69			—		0.2		0.2
Other	0.5		0.8		1.3		97		42			0.3		0.9		1.2
Total	$	12.1	$	32.3	$	44.4	97	%	84	%		$	10.5	$	29.2	$	39.7

The financial institutions portfolio exposure was $44.4 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of 12% compared with Dec. 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher exposure in the securities industry and banks portfolios.

Financial institution exposures are high quality, with 97% of the exposures meeting the investment grade equivalent criteria of our internal credit rating classification at March 31, 2024. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating, which is mapped to an equivalent external rating agency grade based upon a number of dimensions, which are continually evaluated and may change over time. For ratings of non-U.S. counterparties, our internal credit rating is generally capped at a rating equivalent to the sovereign rating of the country where the counterparty resides, regardless of the internal credit rating assigned to the counterparty or the underlying collateral.

The exposure to financial institutions is generally short term, with 84% of the exposures expiring within one year. At March 31, 2024, 20% of the exposure to financial institutions had an expiration within 90 days, compared with 19% at Dec. 31, 2023.

In addition, 66% of the financial institutions exposure is secured. For example, securities industry clients

and asset managers often borrow against marketable securities held in custody.

At March 31, 2024, the secured intraday credit provided to dealers in connection with their tri-party repo activity totaled $13.5 billion and was included in the securities industry portfolio. Dealers secure the outstanding intraday credit with high-quality liquid collateral having a market value in excess of the amount of the outstanding credit. Secured intraday credit facilities represent approximately 30% of the exposure in the financial institutions portfolio and are reviewed and reapproved annually.

The asset managers portfolio exposure is high quality, with 96% of the exposures meeting our investment grade equivalent ratings criteria as of March 31, 2024. These exposures are generally short-term liquidity facilities, with the majority to regulated mutual funds.

Our banks portfolio exposure primarily relates to global trade finance. These exposures are short term in nature, with 94% due in less than one year. The investment grade percentage of our banks portfolio exposure was 90% at March 31, 2024, compared with 84% at Dec. 31, 2023. Our non-investment grade exposures are primarily trade finance loans in Brazil.

24 BNY Mellon

Commercial

The commercial portfolio is presented below.


Commercial portfolio exposure	March 31, 2024										Dec. 31, 2023
(dollars in billions)	Loans		Unfunded commitments		Total exposure		% Inv. grade		% due <1 yr.		Loans		Unfunded commitments		Total exposure
Services and other	$	1.4	$	3.5	$	4.9	98	%	37	%	$	1.2	$	3.4	$	4.6
Manufacturing	0.8		3.7		4.5		100		25		0.5		3.6		4.1
Energy and utilities	0.2		4.0		4.2		92		7		0.4		3.7		4.1
Media and telecom	—		0.7		0.7		88		3		—		0.7		0.7
Total	$	2.4	$	11.9	$	14.3	96	%	23	%	$	2.1	$	11.4	$	13.5

The commercial portfolio exposure was $14.3 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of 6% from Dec. 31, 2023, primarily reflecting higher exposure in the manufacturing and services and other portfolios.

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade clients that are active users of our non-credit services. The following table summarizes the percentage of the financial institutions and commercial portfolio exposures that are investment grade.


Percentage of the portfolios that are investment grade
	Quarter ended
March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023		Sept. 30, 2023		June 30, 2023		March 31, 2023
Financial institutions	97	%	92	%	94	%	94	%	95	%
Commercial	96	%	94	%	95	%	95	%	95	%

Wealth management loans

Our wealth management loan exposure was $9.7 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $9.6 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Wealth management loans

primarily consist of loans to high-net-worth individuals, a majority of which are secured by the customers’ investment management accounts or custody accounts.

Wealth management mortgages

Our wealth management mortgage exposure was $9.3 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $9.4 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Wealth management mortgages primarily consist of loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured by residential property. Wealth management mortgages are primarily interest-only, adjustable-rate mortgages with a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 61% at origination. At March 31, 2024, less than 1% of the mortgages were past due.

At March 31, 2024, the wealth management mortgage portfolio consisted of the following geographic concentrations: California – 21%; New York – 14%; Florida – 11%; Massachusetts – 8%; and other – 46%.

BNY Mellon 25

Commercial real estate

The composition of the commercial real estate portfolio by asset class, including percentage secured, is presented below.


Composition of commercial real estate portfolio by asset class	March 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2023
	Total exposure		Percentage secured (a)		Total exposure		Percentage secured (a)
(in billions)

Residential	$	4.3	87	%	$	4.3	88	%
Office	2.6		74		2.6		74
Retail	0.8		62		0.8		63
Mixed use	0.7		32		0.8		31
Hotels	0.6		40		0.6		40
Healthcare	0.5		58		0.5		57
Other	0.7		60		0.6		71
Total commercial real estate	$	10.2	72	%	$	10.2	73	%

(a) Represents the percentage of exposure secured by real estate in each asset class.

Our commercial real estate exposure totaled $10.2 billion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023. Our income-producing commercial real estate facilities are focused on experienced owners and are structured with moderate leverage based on existing cash flows. Our commercial real estate lending activities also include construction and renovation facilities. Our client base consists of experienced developers and long-term holders of real estate assets. Loans are approved on the basis of existing or projected cash flows and supported by appraisals and knowledge of local market conditions. Development loans are structured with moderate leverage and, in many instances, involve some level of recourse to the developer.

At March 31, 2024, the unsecured portfolio consisted of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”) and real estate operating companies, which are both primarily investment grade.

At March 31, 2024, our commercial real estate portfolio consisted of the following concentrations: New York metro – 35%; REITs and real estate operating companies – 28%; and other – 37%.

Lease financings

The lease financings portfolio exposure totaled $599 million at March 31, 2024 and $599 million at Dec. 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024, nearly all of leasing exposure was investment grade, or investment grade equivalent, and consisted of exposures backed by well-diversified assets, primarily real estate and large-ticket transportation equipment. Assets are both domestic and foreign-based, with primary concentrations in Germany and the U.S.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgages portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and totaled $1.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and $1.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2023.

Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and are generally repaid within two business days.

Capital call financing

Capital call financing includes loans to private equity funds that are secured by the fund investors’ capital commitments and the funds’ rights to call capital.

Other loans

Other loans primarily include loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed-income securities.

Margin loans

Margin loan exposure of $17.6 billion at March 31, 2024 and $18.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2023 was collateralized with marketable securities. Borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. Margin loans included $8 billion at March 31, 2024 and $7 billion at Dec. 31, 2023 related to a term loan program that offers fully collateralized loans to broker-dealers.

26 BNY Mellon

Allowance for credit losses

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment grade clients who are active users of our non-credit services. Our primary exposure to the credit risk of a customer consists of funded loans, unfunded contractual commitments to lend, standby letters of credit and overdrafts associated with our custody and securities clearance businesses.

The following table details changes in our allowance for credit losses.


Allowance for credit losses activity	March 31, 2024			Dec. 31, 2023			March 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)



Beginning balance of allowance for credit losses	$	414		$	325		$	292

Provision for credit losses	27			84			27
Net (charge-offs) recoveries:
Loans:

Commercial	—			—			1

Wealth management mortgages	(1)			—			—
Other	—			5			—
Other financial instruments	—			—			—
Net (charge-offs) recoveries	(1)			5			1
Ending balance of allowance for credit losses	$	440		$	414		$	320

Allowance for loan losses	$	322		$	303		$	170
Allowance for lending-related commitments	81			87			83
Allowance for other financial instruments (a)	37			24			67
Total allowance for credit losses	$	440		$	414		$	320

Total loans, at period end	$	73,615		$	66,879		$	62,323




Allowance for loan losses as a percentage of total loans	0.44		%	0.45		%	0.27		%
Allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments as a percentage of total loans	0.55		%	0.58		%	0.41		%

(a) Includes allowance for credit losses on federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities, accounts receivable, cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits with banks.

The provision for credit losses was $27 million in the first quarter of 2024, primarily driven by reserve increases related to commercial real estate exposure.

The allowance for loan losses and the allowance for lending-related commitments represent

management’s estimate of lifetime expected losses in our credit portfolio. This evaluation process is subject to numerous estimates and judgments. To the extent actual results differ from forecasts or management’s judgment, the allowance for credit losses may be greater or less than future charge-offs.

BNY Mellon 27

Based on an evaluation of the allowance for credit losses as discussed in “Critical accounting estimates” in our 2023 Annual Report, we have allocated our allowance for loans and lending-related commitments as presented below.


Allocation of allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments (a)	March 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2023				March 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)	$		%		$		%			$		%
Commercial real estate	$	347	86	%	$	325	83	%		$	177	70	%
Commercial	24		6		27		7			21		8
Financial institutions	17		4		19		4			24		9
Wealth management mortgages	7		1		9		2			14		5
Capital call financing	4		1		4		1			6		2
Other residential mortgages	3		1		4		1			9		4
Wealth management loans	1		1		1		1			1		1
Lease financings	—		—		1		1			1		1

Total	$	403	100	%	$	390	100	%		$	253	100	%

(a) The allowance allocated to margin loans, overdrafts and other loans was insignificant at March 31, 2024, Dec. 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023.

The allocation of the allowance for credit losses is inherently judgmental, and the entire allowance for credit losses is available to absorb credit losses regardless of the nature of the losses.

Our allowance for credit losses is sensitive to a number of inputs, most notably the macroeconomic forecast assumptions that are incorporated into our estimate of credit losses through the expected life of the loan portfolio, as well as the credit ratings assigned to each borrower. As the macroeconomic environment and related forecasts change, the allowance for credit losses may change materially. The following sensitivity analyses do not represent management’s expectations of the deterioration of our portfolios or the economic environment, but are provided as hypothetical scenarios to assess the sensitivity of the allowance for credit losses to changes in key inputs. If commercial real estate property values were increased 10% and all other credits were rated one grade better, the quantitative allowance would have decreased by $44 million, and if commercial real estate property values were decreased 10% and all other credits were rated one grade worse, the quantitative allowance would have increased by $83 million. Our multi-scenario-based macroeconomic forecast used in determining the March 31, 2024 allowance for credit losses consisted of three scenarios. The baseline scenario reflects stable GDP growth, slightly increasing unemployment and declining commercial real estate prices through the end of 2024. The upside scenario reflects faster GDP growth, declining unemployment through the third quarter of 2024 before moderating and stable commercial real estate prices through the fourth quarter of 2024 compared with the baseline.

The downside scenario contemplates negative GDP growth and rapidly increasing unemployment through 2024 and sharply lower commercial real estate prices than the baseline. At March 31, 2024, we placed the most weight on our baseline scenario, with the remaining weighting placed on the upside and downside scenarios. From a sensitivity perspective, at March 31, 2024, if we had applied 100% weighting to the downside scenario, the allowance for credit losses would have been approximately $104 million higher.

Nonperforming assets

The table below presents our nonperforming assets.


Nonperforming assets	March 31, 2024			Dec. 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)
Nonperforming loans:
Commercial real estate	$	230		$	189
Other residential mortgages	23			24
Wealth management mortgages	23			19




Total nonperforming loans	276			232
Other assets owned	2			5
Total nonperforming assets	$	278		$	237
Nonperforming assets ratio	0.38		%	0.35		%
Allowance for loan losses/nonperforming loans	116.7			130.6
Allowance for loan losses/nonperforming assets	115.8			127.8
Allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments/nonperforming loans	146.0			168.1
Allowance for loan losses and lending-related commitments/nonperforming assets	145.0			164.6

28 BNY Mellon

Nonperforming assets were $278 million at March 31, 2024, an increase of $41 million, compared with $237 million at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase primarily reflects higher nonperforming commercial real estate loans.

Deposits

Total deposits were $309.0 billion at March 31, 2024, an increase of 9%, compared with $283.7 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase primarily reflects higher interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices and noninterest-bearing deposits (principally U.S. offices).

Noninterest-bearing deposits were $63.4 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $58.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Interest-bearing deposits were primarily demand deposits and totaled $245.6 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $225.4 billion at Dec. 31, 2023.

Short-term borrowings

We fund ourselves primarily through deposits and, to a lesser extent, other short-term borrowings and long-term debt. Short-term borrowings consist of federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, payables to customers and broker-dealers, commercial paper and other borrowed funds. Certain short-term borrowings, for example, securities sold under repurchase agreements, require the delivery of securities as collateral.

Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements include repurchase agreement activity with the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), where we record interest expense on a gross basis, but the ending and average balances reflect the impact of offsetting under enforceable netting agreements. This activity primarily relates to government securities collateralized resale and repurchase agreements executed with clients that are novated to and settle with the FICC.

Payables to customers and broker-dealers represent funds awaiting reinvestment and short sale proceeds payable on demand. Payables to customers and broker-dealers are driven by customer trading activity and market volatility.

The Bank of New York Mellon may issue commercial paper that matures within 397 days from

the date of issue and is not redeemable prior to maturity or subject to voluntary prepayment.

Other borrowed funds primarily include borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, overdrafts of sub-custodian account balances in our Securities Services businesses, finance lease liabilities and borrowings under lines of credit by our Pershing subsidiaries. Overdrafts typically relate to timing differences for settlements.

Liquidity and dividends

BNY Mellon defines liquidity as the ability of the Parent and its subsidiaries to access funding or convert assets to cash quickly and efficiently, or to roll over or issue new debt, especially during periods of market stress, at a reasonable cost, and in order to meet its short-term (up to one year) obligations. Funding liquidity risk is the risk that BNY Mellon cannot meet its cash and collateral obligations at a reasonable cost for both expected and unexpected cash flow and collateral needs without adversely affecting daily operations or our financial condition. Funding liquidity risk can arise from funding mismatches, market constraints from the inability to convert assets into cash, the inability to hold or raise cash, low overnight deposits, deposit run-off or contingent liquidity events.

Changes in economic conditions or exposure to credit, market, operational, legal and reputational risks also can affect BNY Mellon’s liquidity risk profile and are considered in our liquidity risk framework. For additional information, see “Risk Management – Liquidity Risk” in our 2023 Annual Report.

The Parent’s policy is to have access to sufficient unencumbered cash and cash equivalents at each quarter-end to cover maturities and other forecasted debt redemptions, net interest payments and net tax payments for the following 18-month period, and to provide sufficient collateral to satisfy transactions subject to Section 23A of the Federal Reserve Act.

We monitor and control liquidity exposures and funding needs within and across significant legal entities, branches, currencies and business lines, taking into account, among other factors, any applicable restrictions on the transfer of liquidity among entities.

BNY Mellon 29

BNY Mellon also manages potential intraday liquidity risks. We monitor and manage intraday liquidity against existing and expected intraday liquid resources (such as cash balances, remaining intraday credit capacity, intraday contingency funding and available collateral) to enable BNY Mellon to meet its intraday obligations under normal and reasonably severe stressed conditions.

We define available funds for internal liquidity management purposes as cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks and federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements.

The following table presents our total available funds at period end and on an average basis.


Available funds	March 31, 2024			Dec. 31, 2023			Average
(dollars in millions)	1Q24			4Q23			1Q23
Cash and due from banks	$	5,305		$	4,922		$	5,480		$	4,982		$	5,697
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	119,197			111,550			102,795			107,291			94,899
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	10,636			12,139			11,724			12,110			16,225
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	29,661			28,900			27,019			25,753			24,631
Total available funds	$	164,799		$	157,511		$	147,018		$	150,136		$	141,452
Total available funds as a percentage of total assets	38		%	38		%	36		%	37		%	35		%

Total available funds were $164.8 billion at March 31, 2024, compared with $157.5 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The increase was primarily due to higher interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks.

Average non-core sources of funds, such as federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements, trading liabilities, other borrowed funds and commercial paper, were $18.3 billion for the first three months of 2024, compared with $22.1 billion for the first three months of 2023. The decrease primarily reflects lower federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements and trading liabilities.

Average interest-bearing domestic deposits were $138.3 billion for the first three months of 2024, compared with $112.8 billion for the first three months of 2023. Average interest-bearing foreign deposits, primarily from our European-based businesses included in the Securities Services and Market and Wealth Services segments, were $90.6 billion for the first three months of 2024, compared with $91.3 billion for the first three months of 2023. The changes primarily reflect client activity.

Average payables to customers and broker-dealers were $12.4 billion for the first three months of 2024 and $17.0 billion for the first three months of 2023. Payables to customers and broker-dealers are driven by customer trading activity and market volatility.

Average long-term debt was $31.1 billion for the first three months of 2024 and $30.2 billion for the first three months of 2023.

Average noninterest-bearing deposits decreased to $49.9 billion for the first three months of 2024 from $69.9 billion for the first three months of 2023, primarily reflecting client activity.

A significant reduction of client activity in our Securities Services and Market and Wealth Services business segments would reduce our access to deposits. See “Asset/liability management” for additional factors that could impact our deposit balances.

Sources of liquidity

The Parent’s major sources of liquidity are access to the debt and equity markets, dividends from its subsidiaries, and cash on hand and cash otherwise made available in business-as-usual circumstances to the Parent through a committed credit facility with our intermediate holding company (“IHC”).

30 BNY Mellon

Our ability to access the capital markets on favorable terms, or at all, is partially dependent on our credit ratings, which are as follows:


Credit ratings at March 31, 2024
	Moody’s		S&P	Fitch		DBRS
Parent:
Long-term senior debt	A1		A	AA-		AA
Subordinated debt	A2		A-	A		AA (low)
Preferred stock	Baa1		BBB	BBB+		A
Outlook – Parent	Positive		Stable	Stable		Stable

The Bank of New York Mellon:
Long-term senior debt	Aa2		AA-	AA		AA (high)
Subordinated debt	NR		A	NR		NR
Long-term deposits	Aa1		AA-	AA+		AA (high)
Short-term deposits	P-1		A-1+	F1+		R-1 (high)
Commercial paper	P-1		A-1+	F1+		R-1 (high)

BNY Mellon, N.A.:
Long-term senior debt	Aa2	(a)	AA-	AA	(a)	AA (high)
Long-term deposits	Aa1		AA-	AA+		AA (high)
Short-term deposits	P-1		A-1+	F1+		R-1 (high)

Outlook – Banks	Negative (multiple)	(b)	Stable	Stable		Stable

(a) Represents senior debt issuer default rating.

(b) Positive outlook on long-term senior debt ratings. Negative outlook on long-term deposits ratings. Positive outlook on senior unsecured rating for The Bank of New York Mellon.

NR – Not rated.

Long-term debt totaled $32.4 billion at March 31, 2024 and $31.3 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Issuances of $2.5 billion were partially offset by maturities and redemptions totaling $1.2 billion and a decrease in the fair value of hedged long-term debt. Long-term debt of $3.7 billion will mature in the remainder of 2024.

The Bank of New York Mellon may issue notes and certificates of deposit (“CDs”). At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, $1.8 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, of notes were outstanding. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, $862 million and $397 million, respectively, of CDs were outstanding.

The Bank of New York Mellon also issues commercial paper that matures within 397 days from the date of issue and is not redeemable prior to maturity or subject to voluntary prepayment. There was no commercial paper outstanding at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023. The average commercial paper outstanding was $8 million for the first three months of 2024. There was no average commercial paper outstanding for the first three months of 2023.

Subsequent to March 31, 2024, our U.S. bank subsidiaries could declare dividends to the Parent of approximately $1.3 billion, without the need for a

regulatory waiver. In addition, at March 31, 2024, non-bank subsidiaries of the Parent had liquid assets of approximately $4.4 billion. Restrictions on our ability to obtain funds from our subsidiaries are discussed in more detail in “Supervision and Regulation – Capital Planning and Stress Testing – Payment of Dividends, Stock Repurchases and Other Capital Distributions” and in Note 19 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, both in our 2023 Annual Report.

Pershing LLC has one uncommitted line of credit in place for funding purposes that is guaranteed by the Parent for $300 million. There were no borrowings under this line in the first quarter of 2024. Pershing Limited, an indirect UK-based subsidiary of BNY Mellon, has two separate uncommitted lines of credit amounting to $258 million in aggregate. Average borrowings under these lines were less than $1 million in the first quarter of 2024.

The double leverage ratio is the ratio of our equity investment in subsidiaries divided by our consolidated Parent company equity, which includes our noncumulative perpetual preferred stock. In short, the double leverage ratio measures the extent to which equity in subsidiaries is financed by Parent

BNY Mellon 31

company debt. As the double leverage ratio increases, this can reflect greater demands on a company’s cash flows in order to service interest payments and debt maturities. BNY Mellon’s double leverage ratio is managed in a range considering the high level of unencumbered available liquid assets held in its principal subsidiaries (such as central bank deposit placements and government securities), the Company’s cash generating fee-based business model, with fee revenue representing 73% of total revenue in the first quarter of 2024, and the dividend capacity of our banking subsidiaries. Our double leverage ratio was 121.2% at March 31, 2024 and 120.5% at Dec. 31, 2023, and within the range targeted by management.

Uses of funds

The Parent’s major uses of funds are repurchases of common stock, payment of dividends, principal and interest payments on its borrowings, acquisitions and additional investments in its subsidiaries.

In February 2024, a quarterly dividend of $0.42 per common share was paid to common shareholders. Our common stock dividend payout ratio was 34% for the first quarter of 2024.

In the first quarter of 2024, we repurchased 17.9 million common shares at an average price of $55.30 per common share, for a total cost of $988 million.

Liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”)

U.S. regulators have established an LCR that requires certain banking organizations, including BNY Mellon, to maintain a minimum amount of unencumbered high-quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) sufficient to withstand the net cash outflow under a hypothetical standardized acute liquidity stress scenario for a 30-day time horizon.

The following table presents BNY Mellon’s consolidated HQLA, and the average HQLA and average LCR. The LCR for the fourth quarter of 2023 was 117%


Consolidated HQLA and LCR	March 31, 2024
(dollars in billions)
Cash (a)	$	119
Securities (b)	93
Total consolidated HQLA (c)	$	212

Total consolidated HQLA – average (c)	$	192
Average consolidated LCR	117		%

(a) Primarily includes cash on deposit with central banks.

(b) Primarily includes securities of U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, the U.S. Treasury, sovereigns and U.S. agencies.

(c) Consolidated HQLA presented before adjustments. After haircuts and the impact of trapped liquidity, consolidated HQLA totaled $159 billion at March 31, 2024 and averaged $143 billion for the first quarter of 2024.

BNY Mellon and each of our affected domestic bank subsidiaries were compliant with the U.S. LCR requirements of at least 100% throughout the first quarter of 2024.

Net stable funding ratio (“NSFR”)

The NSFR is a liquidity requirement applicable to large U.S. banking organizations, including BNY Mellon. The NSFR is expressed as a ratio of the available stable funding to the required stable funding amount over a one-year horizon. Our average consolidated NSFR was 136% for the first quarter of 2024 and 135% for the fourth quarter of 2023.

BNY Mellon and each of our affected domestic bank subsidiaries were compliant with the NSFR requirement of at least 100% throughout the first quarter of 2024.

Statement of cash flows

The following summarizes the activity reflected on the consolidated statement of cash flows. While this information may be helpful to highlight certain macro trends and business strategies, the cash flow analysis may not be as relevant when analyzing changes in our net earnings and net assets. We believe that in addition to the traditional cash flow analysis, the discussion related to liquidity and dividends and asset/liability management herein may provide more useful context in evaluating our liquidity position and related activity.

Net cash used for operating activities was $2.7 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with net cash provided by operating activities of $1.8 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2023. In

32 BNY Mellon

the three months ended March 31, 2024, cash flows used for operations primarily resulted from changes in trading assets and liabilities and changes in accruals and other, net, partially offset by earnings. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, cash flows provided by operations primarily resulted from changes in trading assets and liabilities and earnings, partially offset by changes in accruals and other, net.

Net cash used for investing activities was $26.7 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $17.8 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash used for investing activities primarily resulted from changes in securities, interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks and loans. In the three months ended

March 31, 2023, net cash used for investing activities primarily resulted from changes in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks, partially offset by net changes in securities and loans.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $28.4 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared with $14.4 billion in the three months ended March 31, 2023. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by financing activities primarily resulted from changes in deposits. In the three months ended March 31, 2023, net cash provided by financing activities primarily resulted from changes in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements.

Capital


Capital data	March 31, 2024			Dec. 31, 2023
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts; common shares in thousands)



BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio (a)	9.3		%	9.9		%
BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity to total assets ratio (a)	8.3		%	8.9		%
Total BNY Mellon shareholders’ equity (a)	$	40,569		$	40,770
Total BNY Mellon common shareholders’ equity (a)	$	36,226		$	36,427
BNY Mellon tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP (a)(b)	$	19,023		$	19,174
Book value per common share (a)	$	48.44		$	47.97
Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP (a)(b)	$	25.44		$	25.25
Closing stock price per common share	$	57.62		$	52.05
Market capitalization	$	43,089		$	39,524
Common shares outstanding	747,816			759,344

Quarterly:

Cash dividends per common share	$	0.42		$	0.42
Common dividend payout ratio (a)	34		%	202		%
Common dividend yield (annualized)	2.9		%	3.2		%

(a) Prior period was restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(b) See “Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures” beginning on page 41 for a reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP measures.

The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation total shareholders’ equity decreased to $40.6 billion at March 31, 2024 from $40.8 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. The decrease primarily reflects common stock repurchase activity and dividends, partially offset by earnings.

impact of hedges, decreased as securities moved closer to maturity, partially offset by the impact of higher interest rates.

In the first quarter of 2024, we repurchased 17.9 million common shares at an average price of $55.30 per common share for a total cost of $988 million.

In January 2023, we announced a share repurchase program approved by our Board of Directors providing for the repurchase of up to $5.0 billion of common shares beginning Jan. 1, 2023. This share

BNY Mellon 33

repurchase plan replaced all previously authorized share repurchase plans.

In April 2024, we announced a new authorization providing for the repurchase of $6.0 billion of common shares in addition to any remaining capacity under the existing January 2023 authorization.

Capital adequacy

Regulators establish certain levels of capital for bank holding companies (“BHCs”) and banks, including BNY Mellon and our bank subsidiaries, in accordance with established quantitative measurements. For the Parent to maintain its status as a financial holding company, our U.S. bank subsidiaries and BNY Mellon must, among other things, qualify as “well capitalized.” As of March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, BNY Mellon and our U.S. bank subsidiaries were “well capitalized.” Failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well

capitalized” status or capital adequacy rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our financial condition. See the discussion of these matters in “Supervision and Regulation – Regulated Entities of BNY Mellon and Ancillary Regulatory Requirements” and “Risk Factors – Capital and Liquidity Risk – Failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” and “well managed” status or capital adequacy and liquidity rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our business and financial condition,” both of which are in our 2023 Annual Report.

The U.S. banking agencies’ capital rules are based on the framework adopted by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, as amended from time to time. For additional information on these capital requirements, see “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2023 Annual Report.

The table below presents our consolidated and largest bank subsidiary regulatory capital ratios.


Consolidated and largest bank subsidiary regulatory capital ratios	March 31, 2024									Dec. 31, 2023
Well capitalized			Minimum required			Capital ratios			Capital ratios (b)
	(a)
Consolidated regulatory capital ratios: (c)
Advanced Approaches:
CET1 ratio	N/A		(d)	8.5	%		11.1	%		11.5	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	6	%		10			13.7			14.2
Total capital ratio	10			12			14.5			14.9
Standardized Approach:
CET1 ratio	N/A		(d)	8.5	%		10.8	%		11.9	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	6	%		10			13.4			14.6
Total capital ratio	10			12			14.3			15.6
Tier 1 leverage ratio	N/A		(d)	4			5.9			6.0
SLR (d)	N/A		(d)	5			7.0			7.3

The Bank of New York Mellon regulatory capital ratios: (c)

CET1 ratio	6.5	%		7	%		15.7	%		16.2	%
Tier 1 capital ratio	8			8.5			15.7			16.2
Total capital ratio	10			10.5			16.0			16.3
Tier 1 leverage ratio	5			4			6.5			6.6
SLR (e)	6			3			8.2			8.5

(a) Minimum requirements for March 31, 2024 include minimum thresholds plus currently applicable buffers. The U.S. global systemically important banks (“G-SIB”) surcharge of 1.5% is subject to change. The countercyclical capital buffer is currently set to 0%. The stress capital buffer (“SCB”) requirement is 2.5%, equal to the regulatory minimum for Standardized Approach capital ratios.

(b) Prior period was restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(c) For our CET1, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios, our effective capital ratios under U.S. capital rules are the lower of the ratios as calculated under the Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Tier 1 leverage ratio is based on Tier 1 capital and quarterly average total assets.

(d) The Federal Reserve’s regulations do not establish well capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.

(e) The SLR is based on Tier 1 capital and total leverage exposure, which includes certain off-balance sheet exposures.

N/A – Not applicable.

34 BNY Mellon

Our CET1 ratio under the Standardized Approach was 10.8% at March 31, 2024 and 11.5% at Dec. 31, 2023 under the Advanced Approaches. The decrease was driven by higher period-end risk-weighted assets, common stock repurchases and dividends, partially offset by capital generated through earnings.

The Tier 1 leverage ratio was 5.9% at March 31, 2024 and 6.0% at Dec. 31, 2023. The decrease reflects common stock repurchases and dividends and higher average assets, partially offset by capital generated through earnings.

Risk-based capital ratios vary depending on the size of the balance sheet at period end and the levels and types of investments in assets, and leverage ratios vary based on the average size of the balance sheet over the quarter. The balance sheet size fluctuates from period to period based on levels of customer and market activity. In general, when servicing clients are more actively trading securities, deposit balances and the balance sheet as a whole are higher. In addition, when markets experience significant volatility or stress, our balance sheet size may increase considerably as client deposit levels increase.

Our capital ratios are necessarily subject to, among other things, anticipated compliance with all necessary enhancements to model calibration, approval by regulators of certain models used as part of RWA calculations, other refinements, further implementation guidance from regulators, market practices and standards and any changes BNY Mellon may make to its businesses. As a consequence of these factors, our capital ratios may materially change, and may be volatile over time and from period to period.

Under the Advanced Approaches, our operational loss risk model is informed by external losses, including fines and penalties levied against institutions in the financial services industry, particularly those that relate to businesses in which we operate, and as a result, external losses have impacted and could in the future impact the amount of capital that we are required to hold.

The following table presents our capital components and RWAs.


Capital components and risk-weighted assets
March 31, 2024			Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)	(a)
CET1:
Common shareholders’ equity	$	36,226		$	36,427
Adjustments for:
Goodwill and intangible assets (b)	(17,203)			(17,253)
Net pension fund assets	(302)			(297)
Embedded goodwill	(269)			(275)
Deferred tax assets	(61)			(62)
Other	(8)			(6)
Total CET1	18,383			18,534
Other Tier 1 capital:
Preferred stock	4,343			4,343
Other	(3)			(14)
Total Tier 1 capital	$	22,723		$	22,863
Tier 2 capital:
Subordinated debt	$	1,148		$	1,148
Allowance for credit losses	440			414
Other	(1)			(11)
Total Tier 2 capital – Standardized Approach	1,587			1,551
Excess of expected credit losses	70			85
Less: Allowance for credit losses	440			414
Total Tier 2 capital – Advanced Approaches	$	1,217		$	1,222
Total capital:
Standardized Approach	$	24,310		$	24,414
Advanced Approaches	$	23,940		$	24,085

Risk-weighted assets:
Standardized Approach	$	169,909		$	156,178
Advanced Approaches:
Credit Risk	$	91,980		$	87,223
Market Risk	3,208			3,380
Operational Risk	70,475			70,925
Total Advanced Approaches	$	165,663		$	161,528

Average assets for Tier 1 leverage ratio	$	386,148		$	383,705
Total leverage exposure for SLR	$	325,801		$	313,555

(b) Reduced by deferred tax liabilities associated with intangible assets and tax-deductible goodwill.

BNY Mellon 35

The table below presents the factors that impacted CET1 capital.


CET1 generation	1Q24
(in millions)
CET1 – Beginning of period	$	18,534
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	953
Goodwill and intangible assets, net of related deferred tax liabilities	50
Gross CET1 generated	1,003
Capital returned:
Common stock repurchases	(988)
Common stock dividends (a)	(324)
Total capital returned	(1,312)
Other comprehensive gain (loss):
Unrealized gain on assets available-for-sale	104
Foreign currency translation	(91)
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedges	1
Defined benefit plans	3

Total other comprehensive gain	17
Additional paid-in capital (b)	147
Other additions (deductions):
Net pension fund assets	(5)
Embedded goodwill	6
Deferred tax assets	1
Other	(8)
Total other (deductions)	(6)
Net CET1 returned	(151)
CET1 – End of period	$	18,383

(a) Includes dividend equivalents on share-based awards.

(b) Primarily related to stock awards and stock issued for employee benefit plans.

The following table shows the impact on the consolidated capital ratios at March 31, 2024 of a $100 million increase or decrease in common equity, or a $1 billion increase or decrease in RWAs, quarterly average assets or total leverage exposure.


Sensitivity of consolidated capital ratios at March 31, 2024
	Increase or decrease of
(in basis points)	$100 million in common equity		$1 billion in RWA, quarterly average assets or total leverage exposure
CET1:
Standardized Approach	6	bps	6	bps
Advanced Approaches	6		7

Tier 1 capital:
Standardized Approach	6		8
Advanced Approaches	6		8

Total capital:
Standardized Approach	6		8
Advanced Approaches	6		9

Tier 1 leverage	3		2

SLR	3		2

Stress capital buffer

In July 2023, the Federal Reserve announced that BNY Mellon’s SCB requirement would remain at 2.5%, equal to the regulatory floor, for the period from Oct. 1, 2023 through Sept. 30, 2024. The SCB replaced the static 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Standardized Approach capital ratios for CCAR BHCs. The SCB does not apply to bank subsidiaries, which remain subject to the static 2.5% capital conservation buffer. See “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2023 Annual Report for additional information.

The SCB final rule generally eliminates the requirement for prior approval of common stock repurchases in excess of the distributions in a firm’s capital plan, provided that such distributions are consistent with applicable capital requirements and buffers, including the SCB.

Total Loss-Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”)

The following summarizes the minimum requirements for BNY Mellon’s external TLAC and external long-term debt (“LTD”) ratios, plus currently applicable buffers.


	As a % of RWAs (a)	As a % of total leverage exposure
Eligible external TLAC ratios	Regulatory minimum of 18% plus a buffer (b) equal to the sum of 2.5%, the method 1 G-SIB surcharge (currently 1%), and the countercyclical capital buffer, if any	Regulatory minimum of 7.5% plus a buffer (c) equal to 2%
Eligible external LTD ratios	Regulatory minimum of 6% plus the greater of the method 1 or method 2 G-SIB surcharge (currently 1.5%)	4.5%

(a) RWA is the greater of Standardized Approach and Advanced Approaches.

(b) Buffer to be met using only CET1.

(c) Buffer to be met using only Tier 1 capital.

External TLAC consists of the Parent’s Tier 1 capital and eligible unsecured LTD issued by it that has a remaining term to maturity of at least one year and satisfies certain other conditions. Eligible LTD consists of the unpaid principal balance of eligible unsecured debt securities, subject to haircuts for amounts due to be paid within two years, that satisfy certain other conditions. Debt issued prior to Dec.

36 BNY Mellon

31, 2016 has been permanently grandfathered to the extent these instruments otherwise would be ineligible only due to containing impermissible acceleration rights or being governed by foreign law.

The following table presents our external TLAC and external LTD ratios.


TLAC and LTD ratios	March 31, 2024
	Minimum required		Minimum ratios with buffers
	Ratios
Eligible external TLAC:
As a percentage of RWA	18.0	%	21.5	%	29.4	%
As a percentage of total leverage exposure	7.5	%	9.5	%	15.3	%

Eligible external LTD:
As a percentage of RWA	7.5	%	N/A		15.0	%
As a percentage of total leverage exposure	4.5	%	N/A		7.8	%

N/A – Not applicable.

If BNY Mellon maintains risk-based ratio or leverage TLAC measures above the minimum required level, but with a risk-based ratio or leverage below the minimum level with buffers, we will face constraints on dividends, equity repurchases and discretionary executive compensation based on the amount of the shortfall and eligible retained income.

Trading activities and risk management

Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers, facilitating customer trades and risk-mitigating hedging in compliance with the Volcker Rule. The risk from market-making activities for customers is managed by our traders and limited in total exposure through a system of position limits, value-at-risk (“VaR”) methodology and other market sensitivity measures. VaR is the potential loss in value due to adverse market movements over a defined time horizon with a specified confidence level. The calculation of our VaR used by management and presented below assumes a one-day holding period, utilizes a 99% confidence level and incorporates non-linear product characteristics. VaR facilitates comparisons across portfolios of different risk characteristics. VaR also captures the diversification of aggregated risk at the firm-wide level.

VaR represents a key risk management measure, and it is important to note the inherent limitations to VaR, which include:

VaR does not estimate potential losses over longer time horizons where moves may be extreme;
VaR does not take into account the potential variability of market liquidity; and
Previous moves in market risk factors may not produce accurate predictions of all future market moves.

See Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the VaR methodology.

The following tables indicate the calculated VaR amounts for the trading portfolio for the designated periods using the historical simulation VaR model.


VaR (a)	1Q24						March 31, 2024
(in millions)	Average		Minimum		Maximum
Interest rate	$	2.5	$	1.9	$	3.6	$	2.0
Foreign exchange	2.2		1.6		3.0		1.9
Equity	0.1		—		0.2		0.1
Credit	1.3		0.9		1.9		1.2
Diversification	(4.3)		N/M		N/M		(3.5)
Overall portfolio	1.8		1.4		2.4		1.7


VaR (a)	4Q23						Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)	Average		Minimum		Maximum
Interest rate	$	3.3	$	2.1	$	4.9	$	2.6
Foreign exchange	2.7		2.3		3.5		2.9
Equity	0.3		0.1		1.5		0.1
Credit	1.6		1.0		2.3		1.3
Diversification	(5.7)		N/M		N/M		(4.7)
Overall portfolio	2.2		1.6		3.0		2.2


VaR (a)	1Q23						March 31, 2023
(in millions)	Average		Minimum		Maximum
Interest rate	$	3.8	$	2.1	$	7.6	$	4.4
Foreign exchange	3.6		2.4		5.7		3.1
Equity	0.1		—		0.3		0.2
Credit	1.8		0.7		3.5		1.9
Diversification	(5.3)		N/M		N/M		(4.9)
Overall portfolio	4.0		2.2		8.9		4.7

(a) VaR exposure does not include the impact of the Company’s consolidated investment management funds and seed capital investments.

N/M – Because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, it is not meaningful to compute a minimum and maximum portfolio diversification effect.

BNY Mellon 37

The interest rate component of VaR represents instruments whose values are predominantly driven by interest rate levels. These instruments include, but are not limited to, U.S. Treasury securities, swaps, swaptions, forward rate agreements, exchange-traded futures and options, and other interest rate derivative products.

The foreign exchange component of VaR represents instruments whose values predominantly vary with the level or volatility of currency exchange rates or interest rates. These instruments include, but are not limited to, currency balances, spot and forward transactions, currency options and other currency derivative products.

The equity component of VaR consists of instruments that represent an ownership interest in the form of domestic and foreign common stock or other equity-linked instruments. These instruments include, but are not limited to, common stock, exchange-traded funds, preferred stock, listed equity options (puts and calls), OTC equity options, equity total return swaps, equity index futures and other equity derivative products.

The credit component of VaR represents instruments whose values are predominantly driven by credit spread levels, i.e., idiosyncratic default risk. These instruments include, but are not limited to, single issuer credit default swaps, and securities with exposures from corporate and municipal credit spreads.

The diversification component of VaR is the risk reduction benefit that occurs when combining portfolios and offsetting positions, and from the correlated behavior of risk factor movements.

During the first quarter of 2024, interest rate risk generated 41% of average gross VaR, foreign exchange risk generated 36% of average gross VaR, credit risk generated 21% of average gross VaR and equity risk generated 2% of average gross. During the first quarter of 2024, our daily trading loss did not exceed our calculated VaR amount of the overall portfolio.

The following table of total daily trading revenue or loss illustrates the number of trading days in which our trading revenue or loss fell within particular ranges during the past five quarters.


Distribution of trading revenue (loss) (a)
	Quarter ended
(dollars in millions)	March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Sept. 30, 2023	June 30, 2023	March 31, 2023

Revenue range:	Number of days
Less than $(2.5)	—	2	—	—	—
$(2.5) – $0	1	3	5	2	1
$0 – $2.5	19	18	14	15	20
$2.5 – $5.0	30	25	24	37	26
More than $5.0	12	15	20	9	15

(a) Trading revenue (loss) includes realized and unrealized gains and losses primarily related to spot and forward foreign exchange transactions, derivatives and securities trades for our customers and excludes any associated commissions, underwriting fees and net interest income.

Trading assets include debt and equity instruments and derivative assets, primarily foreign exchange and interest rate contracts, not designated as hedging instruments. Trading assets were $10.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023.

Trading liabilities include debt and equity instruments and derivative liabilities, primarily foreign exchange and interest rate contracts, not designated as hedging instruments. Trading liabilities were $3.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and $6.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2023.

Under our fair value methodology for derivative contracts, an initial “risk-neutral” valuation is performed on each position assuming time discounting based on a AA credit curve. In addition, we consider credit risk in arriving at the fair value of our derivatives.

We reflect external credit ratings as well as observable credit default swap spreads for both ourselves and our counterparties when measuring the fair value of our derivative positions. Accordingly, the valuation of our derivative positions is sensitive to the current changes in our own credit spreads, as well as those of our counterparties.

At March 31, 2024, our OTC derivative assets, including those in hedging relationships, of $1.7 billion included a credit valuation adjustment (“CVA”) deduction of $13 million. Our OTC derivative liabilities, including those in hedging relationships, of $1.7 billion included a debit valuation adjustment (“DVA”) of $5 million related to our own credit spread. Net of hedges, the CVA and DVA were unchanged in the first quarter of 2024, which resulted in no impact to investment and other revenue – other trading revenue. The net impact decreased investment and other revenue – other

38 BNY Mellon

trading revenue by $2 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 and increased investment and other revenue – other trading revenue by $1 million in the first quarter of 2023.

The table below summarizes our exposure, net of collateral related to our derivative counterparties, as determined on an internal risk management basis. Significant changes in counterparty credit ratings could alter the level of credit risk faced by BNY Mellon.


Foreign exchange and other trading counterparty risk-rating profile

	March 31, 2024				Dec. 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Exposure, net of collateral		Percentage of exposure, net of collateral		Exposure, net of collateral		Percentage of exposure, net of collateral

Investment grade	$	1,511	97	%	$	2,062	95	%
Non-investment grade	53		3	%	103		5	%
Total	$	1,564	100	%	$	2,165	100	%

Asset/liability management

Our diversified business activities include processing securities, accepting deposits, investing in securities, lending, raising money as needed to fund assets and other transactions. The market risks from these activities include interest rate risk and foreign exchange risk. Our primary market risk is exposure to movements in U.S. dollar interest rates and certain foreign currency interest rates. We actively manage interest rate sensitivity and use earnings simulation and discounted cash flow models to identify interest rate exposures.

An earnings simulation model is the primary tool used to assess changes in pre-tax net interest income between a baseline scenario and hypothetical interest rate scenarios. Interest rate sensitivity is quantified by calculating the change in pre-tax net interest income between the scenarios over a 12-month measurement period.

The baseline scenario incorporates the market’s forward rate expectations and management’s assumptions regarding client deposit rates, credit spreads, changes in the prepayment behavior of loans and securities and the impact of derivative financial instruments used for interest rate risk management purposes as of each respective quarter-end. These assumptions have been developed through a

combination of historical analysis and future expected pricing behavior and are inherently uncertain. Actual results may differ materially from projected results due to timing, magnitude and frequency of interest rate changes, and changes in market conditions and management’s strategies, among other factors. Client deposit levels and mix are key assumptions impacting net interest income in the baseline as well as the hypothetical interest rate scenarios. The earnings simulation model assumes static deposit levels and mix, and it also assumes that no management actions will be taken to mitigate the effects of interest rate changes. Typically, the baseline scenario uses the average deposit balances of the quarter.

In the table below, we use the earnings simulation model to assess the impact of various hypothetical interest rate scenarios compared to the baseline scenario. In each of the scenarios, all currencies’ interest rates are instantaneously shifted higher or lower at the start of the forecast. Long-term interest rates are defined as all tenors equal to or greater than three years and short-term interest rates are defined as all tenors equal to or less than three months. Interim term points are interpolated where applicable. The impact of interest rate shifts may not be linear. The results of this earnings simulation should therefore not be extrapolated for more severe interest rate scenarios than those presented in the table below.

The following table shows net interest income sensitivity for BNY Mellon.


Estimated changes in net interest income (in millions)	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Up 100 bps rate shock vs. baseline	$	86	$	254	$	441
Long-term up 100 bps, short-term unchanged	98		71		109
Short-term up 100 bps, long-term unchanged	(12)		183		332
Long-term down 100 bps, short-term unchanged	(102)		(73)		(108)
Short-term down 100 bps, long-term unchanged	(76)		(270)		(354)
Down 100 bps rate shock vs. baseline	(178)		(343)		(463)

At March 31, 2024, the change in impact of a 100 bps upward or downward shift in rates on net interest income compared with Dec. 31, 2023 was primarily driven by a slight increase in fixed-rate assets, lower noninterest-bearing deposits and more rate sensitive deposit balances.

BNY Mellon 39

While the net interest income sensitivity scenario calculations assume static deposit balances to facilitate consistent period-over-period comparisons, net interest income is impacted by changes in deposit balances. Noninterest-bearing deposits are particularly sensitive to changes in short-term rates.

To illustrate the net interest income sensitivity to deposit run-off, we estimate that a $5 billion instantaneous reduction/increase in U.S. dollar-denominated noninterest-bearing deposits would reduce/increase the net interest income sensitivity results in the up 100 basis point scenario in the table above by approximately $300 million. The impact would be smaller if the run-off was assumed to be a mixture of interest-bearing and noninterest-bearing deposits.

Additionally, during periods of low short-term interest rates, money market mutual fund fees and other similar fees are typically waived to protect investors from negative returns.

For a discussion of factors impacting the growth or contraction of deposits, see “Risk Factors – Capital and Liquidity Risk – Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liquidity” in our 2023 Annual Report.

40 BNY Mellon

Supplemental information – Explanation of GAAP and Non-GAAP financial measures

BNY Mellon has included in this Form 10-Q certain Non-GAAP financial measures on a tangible basis as a supplement to GAAP information, which exclude goodwill and intangible assets, net of deferred tax liabilities. We believe that the return on tangible common equity – Non-GAAP is additional useful information for investors because it presents a measure of those assets that can generate income, and the tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP is additional useful information because it presents the level of tangible assets in relation to shares of common stock outstanding.

BNY Mellon has also included revenue measures excluding notable items, including the reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable related to a prior year divestiture and disposal losses. Expense measures, excluding notable items, including the FDIC special assessment, severance expense and litigation reserves, are also presented. Litigation reserves represent accruals for loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable, but exclude standard business-related legal fees. Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, diluted earnings per share, return on common equity, return on tangible common equity and pre-tax operating

margin, excluding the notable items mentioned above, are also provided. These measures are provided to permit investors to view the financial measures on a basis consistent with how management views the businesses.

The presentation of the growth rates of investment management and performance fees on a constant currency basis permits investors to assess the significance of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Growth rates on a constant currency basis were determined by applying the current period foreign currency exchange rates to the prior period revenue. We believe that this presentation, as a supplement to GAAP information, gives investors a clearer picture of the related revenue results without the variability caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

BNY Mellon has also included the adjusted pre-tax operating margin – Non-GAAP, which is the pre-tax operating margin for the Investment and Wealth Management business segment, net of distribution and servicing expense that was passed to third parties who distribute or service our managed funds. We believe that this measure is useful when evaluating the performance of the Investment and Wealth Management business segment relative to industry competitors.

BNY Mellon 41


Reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures, excluding notable items								1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23			4Q23		1Q23




Total revenue – GAAP	$	4,527	$	4,358	$	4,415		4	%	3	%
Less: Reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable related to a prior year divestiture (a)	—		(144)		—
Disposal (losses) (a)	—		(6)		(1)

Adjusted total revenue – Non-GAAP	$	4,527	$	4,508	$	4,416		—	%	3	%

Noninterest expense – GAAP	$	3,176	$	3,995	$	3,100		(21)	%	2	%
Less: Severance (b)	36		200		—
Litigation reserves (b)	2		47		6
FDIC special assessment (b)	—		632		—

Adjusted noninterest expense – Non-GAAP	$	3,138	$	3,116	$	3,094		1	%	1	%






Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation – GAAP	$	953	$	162	$	911		488	%	5	%
Less: Reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable related to a prior year divestiture (a)	—		(144)		—
Disposal (losses) (a)	—		(5)		—

Severance (b)	(27)		(153)		—
Litigation reserves (b)	(2)		(47)		(4)
FDIC special assessment (b)	—		(482)		—

Adjusted net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation – Non-GAAP	$	982	$	993	$	915		(1)	%	7	%

Diluted earnings per common share – GAAP	$	1.25	$	0.21	$	1.13		495	%	11	%
Less: Reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable related to a prior year divestiture (a)	—		(0.19)		—
Disposal (losses) (a)	—		(0.01)		—

Severance (b)	(0.04)		(0.20)		—
Litigation reserves (b)	—		(0.06)		(0.01)
FDIC special assessment (b)	—		(0.62)		—
Total diluted earnings per common share impact of notable items	(0.04)		(1.08)		(0.01)
Adjusted diluted earnings per common share – Non-GAAP	$	1.29	$	1.29	$	1.13	(c)	—	%	14	%

(a) Reflected in Investment and other revenue.

(b) Severance is reflected in Staff expense, Litigation reserves in Other expense, and FDIC special assessment in Bank assessment charges, respectively.

(c) Does not foot due to rounding.

The following table presents the reconciliation of the pre-tax operating margin.


Pre-tax operating margin reconciliation
(dollars in millions)	1Q24			4Q23			1Q23
Income before taxes – GAAP	$	1,324		$	279		$	1,288
Impact of notable items (a)	(38)			(1,029)			(7)
Adjusted income before taxes, excluding notable items – Non-GAAP	$	1,362		$	1,308		$	1,295

Total revenue – GAAP	$	4,527		$	4,358		$	4,415
Impact of notable items (a)	—			(150)			(1)
Adjusted total revenue, excluding notable items – Non-GAAP	$	4,527		$	4,508		$	4,416

Pre-tax operating margin – GAAP (b)	29		%	6		%	29		%
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin – Non-GAAP (b)	30		%	29		%	29		%

(a) See above for details of notable items and line items impacted.

(b) Income before taxes divided by total revenue.

42 BNY Mellon

The following table presents the reconciliation of the return on common equity and tangible common equity.


Return on common equity and tangible common equity reconciliation	1Q24			4Q23			1Q23
(dollars in millions)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation – GAAP	$	953		$	162		$	911
Add: Amortization of intangible assets	12			14			14
Less: Tax impact of amortization of intangible assets	3			4			3
Adjusted net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, excluding amortization of intangible assets – Non-GAAP	962			172			922
Impact of notable items (a)	(29)			(831)			(4)
Adjusted net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, excluding amortization of intangible assets and notable items – Non-GAAP	$	991		$	1,003		$	926

Average common shareholders’ equity	$	35,905		$	36,050		$	35,483
Less: Average goodwill	16,238			16,199			16,160
Average intangible assets	2,848			2,858			2,899
Add: Deferred tax liability – tax deductible goodwill	1,209			1,205			1,187
Deferred tax liability – intangible assets	655			657			660
Average tangible common shareholders’ equity – Non-GAAP	$	18,683		$	18,855		$	18,271

Return on common equity – GAAP (b)	10.7		%	1.8		%	10.4		%
Adjusted return on common equity – Non-GAAP (b)	11.0		%	10.9		%	10.5		%
Return on tangible common equity – Non-GAAP (b)	20.7		%	3.6		%	20.5		%
Adjusted return on tangible common equity – Non-GAAP (b)	21.3		%	21.1		%	20.6		%

(a) See page 42 for details of notable items and line items impacted.

(b) Returns are annualized.

The following table presents the reconciliation of book value and tangible book value per common share.


Book value and tangible book value per common share reconciliation	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts and unless otherwise noted)
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity at period end – GAAP	$	40,569	$	40,770	$	40,519
Less: Preferred stock	4,343		4,343		4,838
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity at period end – GAAP	36,226		36,427		35,681
Less: Goodwill	16,228		16,261		16,192
Intangible assets	2,839		2,854		2,890
Add: Deferred tax liability – tax deductible goodwill	1,209		1,205		1,187
Deferred tax liability – intangible assets	655		657		660
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation tangible common shareholders’ equity at period end – Non-GAAP	$	19,023	$	19,174	$	18,446

Period-end common shares outstanding (in thousands)	747,816		759,344		789,134

Book value per common share – GAAP	$	48.44	$	47.97	$	45.22
Tangible book value per common share – Non-GAAP	$	25.44	$	25.25	$	23.38

The following table presents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on our consolidated investment management and performance fees.


Constant currency reconciliation – Consolidated					1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions)	1Q24		1Q23		1Q23
Investment management and performance fees – GAAP	$	776	$	776	—	%
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	—		5
Adjusted investment management and performance fees – Non-GAAP	$	776	$	781	(1)	%

BNY Mellon 43

The following table presents the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on investment management and performance fees reported in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment.


Constant currency reconciliation – Investment and Wealth Management business segment					1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions)	1Q24		1Q23		1Q23
Investment management and performance fees – GAAP	$	778	$	777	—	%
Impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates	—		5
Adjusted investment management and performance fees – Non-GAAP	$	778	$	782	(1)	%

The following table presents the reconciliations of income before income taxes, total revenue and the pre-tax operating margin for the Investment and Wealth Management business segment.


Reconciliation of Non-GAAP measures, excluding notable items – Investment and Wealth Management business segment						1Q24 vs.
(dollars in millions)	1Q24		4Q23			4Q23
Income (loss) before income taxes – GAAP	$	107	$	(4)		N/M
Impact of notable items (a)	(4)		(156)
Adjusted income before income taxes – Non-GAAP	$	111	$	152		(27)	%

Total revenue – GAAP	$	846	$	679		25	%
Impact of notable items (a)	—		(144)
Adjusted total revenue – Non-GAAP	$	846	$	823		3	%
Less: Distribution and servicing expense			89
Adjusted total revenue excluding notable items, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP			$	734

Pre-tax operating margin – GAAP (b)			(1)		%
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP (b)			(1)		%
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin, net of distribution and servicing expense and excluding notable items – Non-GAAP (b)			21		%

(a) See page 42 for details of notable items and line items impacted. Notable items in the first quarter of 2024 include severance expense. Notable items in the fourth quarter of 2023 include the reduction in the fair value of a contingent consideration receivable related to a prior year divestiture (reflected in investment and other revenue) and severance expense.

(b) Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.

N/M - Not meaningful.


Pre-tax operating margin reconciliation – Investment and Wealth Management business segment
(dollars in millions)	1Q24			3Q23			2Q23			1Q23
Income before income taxes – GAAP	$	107		$	164		$	130		$	93

Total revenue – GAAP	$	846		$	830		$	816		$	830
Less: Distribution and servicing expense	96			87			93			86
Adjusted total revenue, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP	$	750		$	743		$	723		$	744

Pre-tax operating margin – GAAP (a)	13		%	20		%	16		%	11		%
Adjusted pre-tax operating margin, net of distribution and servicing expense – Non-GAAP (a)	14		%	22		%	18		%	13		%

(a) Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.

44 BNY Mellon

Recent accounting and regulatory developments

Recent accounting developments

The following accounting guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has not yet been adopted as of March 31, 2024.

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which requires a public entity to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”). In addition, disclosure will be required of the title and position of CODM, and how the CODM uses the reported measure of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources.

This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2023 with early adoption permitted. BNY Mellon is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact on the business segment disclosures.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires a company to disclose, on an annual basis, additional disaggregated information related to the existing disclosures for the effective income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid.

This ASU is effective on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option, for annual periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2024, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after Dec. 15, 2025. BNY Mellon is currently evaluating this guidance and the impact on the income tax disclosures.

Recent regulatory and other developments

For a summary of additional regulatory matters relevant to our operations, see “Supervision and Regulation” in our 2023 Annual Report. The following discussion summarizes certain regulatory, legislative and other developments that may affect BNY Mellon.

SEC Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors Rule

On March 6, 2024, the SEC adopted its final climate-risk disclosure rule, which it first proposed in March 2022. The final rule is currently subject to multiple legal challenges and, on April 4, 2024, the SEC voluntarily issued an order staying the final rule pending the completion of judicial review of the legal challenges. If effective, the final rule would require registrants to disclose material climate-related information in registration statements and periodic reports, with a phased-in compliance period that varies based on disclosure content and for BNY Mellon would begin for the year-ended Dec. 31, 2025. We are assessing the developments and the potential impact of the final rule.

European and UK Financial Markets and Market Infrastructure

The EU and the UK have embarked on changes to their financial markets and market infrastructure regulations. In the EU, this is being effected by amendments to Markets in Financial Instruments Directive II and Markets in Financial Instruments Regulation, the amending instruments for which entered into force on March 28, 2024 (with secondary legislation to follow). In the UK, this is being undertaken by the UK Financial Conduct Authority pursuant to the UK Government’s Edinburgh Reforms (a series of measures to promote stability and competitive growth in the UK financial markets post-Brexit), and pursuant to the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023. These changes will in particular affect transaction reporting and market transparency obligations, as well as laying the ground for the establishment of consolidated tape providers to collate market data and provide a standardized electronic data feed in the equity and debt secondary markets. BNY Mellon will continue to monitor the practical impacts of these rules as further details emerge.

BNY Mellon 45

EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive

On March 15, 2024, EU lawmakers approved an amended version of the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (as amended, “CSDDD”), which the European Parliament approved on April 24, 2024. The final rules are subject to adoption by the European Council, with publication of the approved CSDDD in the Official Journal of the EU and entry into force expected in or around the third quarter of 2024. CSDDD is likely to impact BNYM given that under the CSDDD, large EU companies and non-EU companies with significant EU activity, will be required to comply with due diligence obligations (including preventing and mitigating potential adverse human rights and environmental impacts as well as ending, and minimizing the extent of, actual adverse impacts) for their operations and for their upstream chains of activities (a regulated financial undertaking’s chain of activities with downstream business partners that are receiving services and products are not in scope of CSDDD). Companies are also required to adopt a transition plan for climate change mitigation which aims to ensure, through best efforts, compatibility of the business model and strategy of the company with the transition to a sustainable economy and with the limiting of global warming to 1.5°C. CSDDD will be implemented on a phased-in basis starting three years after CSDDD’s entry into force, dependent on a company’s number of employees and net worldwide or EU turnover, with first reporting expected for financial years starting on or after Jan. 1, 2028. We are assessing the potential impact of the regulation.

Website information

Our website is www.bnymellon.com. We currently make available the following information under the Investor Relations portion of our website. With respect to filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we post such information as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

All of our SEC filings, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to these reports, as well as proxy statements and SEC Forms 3, 4 and 5;
Our earnings materials and selected management conference calls and presentations;
Other regulatory disclosures, including: Pillar 3 Disclosures (and Market Risk Disclosure contained therein); Liquidity Coverage Ratio Disclosures; Net Stable Funding Ratio Disclosures; Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council – Consolidated Reports of Condition and Income for a Bank With Domestic and Foreign Offices; Consolidated Financial Statements for Bank Holding Companies; and the Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test Results for BNY Mellon and The Bank of New York Mellon; and
Our Corporate Governance Guidelines, Amended and Restated By-Laws, Directors’ Code of Conduct and the Charters of the Audit, Finance, Corporate Governance, Nominating and Social Responsibility, Human Resources and Compensation, Risk and Technology Committees of our Board of Directors.

We may use our website, our X (formerly known as Twitter) account (@BNYMellon) and other social media channels as additional means of disclosing information to the public. The information disclosed through those channels may be considered to be material. The contents of our website or social media channels referenced herein are not incorporated by reference into this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

46 BNY Mellon


Item 1. Financial Statements
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited)


	Quarter ended
	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
(in millions)
Fee and other revenue
Investment services fees	$	2,278	$	2,242	$	2,119
Investment management and performance fees	776		743		776
Foreign exchange revenue	152		143		176
Financing-related fees	57		45		52
Distribution and servicing fees	42		41		33
Total fee revenue	3,305		3,214		3,156
Investment and other revenue (a)	182		43		131
Total fee and other revenue (a)	3,487		3,257		3,287
Net interest income
Interest income	6,096		5,963		3,942
Interest expense	5,056		4,862		2,814
Net interest income	1,040		1,101		1,128
Total revenue (a)	4,527		4,358		4,415
Provision for credit losses	27		84		27
Noninterest expense
Staff	1,857		1,831		1,791
Software and equipment	475		486		429
Professional, legal and other purchased services	349		406		375
Net occupancy	124		162		119
Sub-custodian and clearing	119		117		118
Distribution and servicing	96		88		85
Business development	36		61		39
Bank assessment charges	17		670		40

Amortization of intangible assets	12		14		14
Other	91		160		90
Total noninterest expense	3,176		3,995		3,100
Income
Income before income taxes (a)	1,324		279		1,288
Provision for income taxes (a)	297		73		306
Net income (a)	1,027		206		982
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds	(2)		2		—
Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (a)	1,025		208		982
Preferred stock dividends	(72)		(46)		(71)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (a)	$	953	$	162	$	911

BNY Mellon 47


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Income Statement (unaudited) (continued)


Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation used for the earnings per share calculation	Quarter ended
March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
(in millions)
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	$	953	$	162	$	911
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities	—		—		—
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation after required adjustment for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share	$	953	$	162	$	911


Average common shares and equivalents outstanding of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	Quarter ended
March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	March 31, 2023
(in thousands)
Basic	756,937	767,146	803,340
Common stock equivalents	5,331	5,045	4,473
Less: Participating securities	—	(89)	(95)
Diluted	762,268	772,102	807,718

Anti-dilutive securities (a)	1,604	110	4,872

(a) Represents restricted stock, restricted stock units and participating securities outstanding but not included in the computation of diluted average common shares because their effect would be anti-dilutive.


Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (a)	Quarter ended
March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
(in dollars)
Basic	$	1.26	$	0.21	$	1.13
Diluted	$	1.25	$	0.21	$	1.13

See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

48 BNY Mellon


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Comprehensive Income Statement (unaudited)


	Quarter ended
	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
(in millions)
Net income (a)	$	1,027	$	206	$	982
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(91)		257		103
Unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale:
Unrealized gain arising during the period	103		698		317
Reclassification adjustment	1		37		1
Total unrealized gain on assets available-for-sale	104		735		318
Defined benefit plans:

Net (loss) arising during the period	—		(75)		—
Foreign exchange adjustment	—		(1)		—
Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost	3		(2)		(3)
Total defined benefit plans	3		(78)		(3)
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges	1		(2)		5
Total other comprehensive income, net of tax (b)	17		912		423
Total comprehensive income	1,044		1,118		1,405
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2)		2		—
Other comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—		—		—
Comprehensive income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	$	1,042	$	1,120	$	1,405

(b) Other comprehensive income (loss) attributable to The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders was $17 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024, $912 million for the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2023 and $423 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

BNY Mellon 49


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Balance Sheet (unaudited)


	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Assets
Cash and due from banks, net of allowance for credit losses of $30 and $18	$	5,305	$	4,922
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	119,197		111,550
Interest-bearing deposits with banks, net of allowance for credit losses of $3 and $2 (includes restricted of $1,907 and $3,420)	10,636		12,139
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	29,661		28,900
Securities:
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses of less than $1 and $1 (fair value of $43,213 and $44,711)	48,404		49,578
Available-for-sale, at fair value (amortized cost of $94,641 and $80,678, net of allowance for credit losses of $1 and less than $1)	90,505		76,817
Total securities	138,909		126,395
Trading assets	10,078		10,058
Loans	73,615		66,879
Allowance for credit losses	(322)		(303)
Net loans	73,293		66,576
Premises and equipment	3,136		3,163
Accrued interest receivable	1,343		1,150
Goodwill	16,228		16,261
Intangible assets	2,839		2,854
Other assets, net of allowance for credit losses on accounts receivable of $3 and $3 (includes $1,437 and $1,261, at fair value) (a)	24,103		25,909
Total assets (a)	$	434,728	$	409,877
Liabilities
Deposits:
Noninterest-bearing deposits (principally U.S. offices)	$	63,405	$	58,274
Interest-bearing deposits in U.S. offices	151,540		132,616
Interest-bearing deposits in non-U.S. offices	94,075		92,779
Total deposits	309,020		283,669
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	15,112		14,507
Trading liabilities	3,100		6,226
Payables to customers and broker-dealers	19,392		18,395

Other borrowed funds	306		479
Accrued taxes and other expenses (a)	4,395		5,411
Other liabilities (including allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments of $81 and $87, also includes $70 and $195, at fair value) (a)	10,245		9,028
Long-term debt	32,396		31,257
Total liabilities (a)	393,966		368,972
Temporary equity
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	82		85
Permanent equity
Preferred stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued 43,826 and 43,826 shares	4,343		4,343
Common stock – par value $0.01 per share; authorized 3,500,000,000 shares; issued 1,408,769,769 and 1,402,429,447 shares	14		14
Additional paid-in capital	29,055		28,908
Retained earnings (a)	40,178		39,549
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	(4,876)		(4,893)
Less: Treasury stock of 660,953,934 and 643,085,355 common shares, at cost	(28,145)		(27,151)
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity (a)	40,569		40,770
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds	111		50
Total permanent equity (a)	40,680		40,820
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity (a)	$	434,728	$	409,877

(a) Prior period balances were restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

50 BNY Mellon


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (unaudited)


	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Operating activities
Net income (a)	$	1,027	$	982
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2)		—
Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (a)	1,025		982
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used for) operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	27		27
Pension plan contributions	(2)		(1)
Depreciation and amortization	468		351

Deferred tax expense	13		2
Net securities losses	1		1
Change in trading assets and liabilities	(3,264)		989
Change in accruals and other, net (a)	(948)		(559)
Net cash (used for) provided by operating activities	(2,680)		1,792
Investing activities
Change in interest-bearing deposits with banks	(280)		(25)
Change in interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	(8,698)		(24,908)
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity	(243)		(273)
Paydowns of securities held-to-maturity	965		1,063
Maturities of securities held-to-maturity	708		811
Purchases of securities available-for-sale	(18,770)		(8,917)
Sales of securities available-for-sale	1,160		6,581
Paydowns of securities available-for-sale	1,191		904
Maturities of securities available-for-sale	4,498		5,229
Net change in loans	(6,777)		3,714

Change in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	(766)		(2,599)
Net change in seed capital investments	45		6
Purchases of premises and equipment/capitalized software	(299)		(261)



Other, net	525		923
Net cash (used for) investing activities	(26,741)		(17,752)
Financing activities
Change in deposits	27,030		760
Change in federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	603		14,231
Change in payables to customers and broker-dealers	997		(826)
Change in other borrowed funds	(160)		2,141

Net proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt	2,496		1,498
Repayments, redemptions and repurchases of long-term debt	(1,150)		(1,750)

Issuance of common stock	4		3

Treasury stock acquired	(988)		(1,256)

Common cash dividends paid	(324)		(304)
Preferred cash dividends paid	(72)		(71)

Other, net	(3)		(13)
Net cash provided by financing activities	28,433		14,413
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(142)		41
Change in cash and due from banks and restricted cash
Change in cash and due from banks and restricted cash	(1,130)		(1,506)
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at beginning of period	8,342		11,529
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period	$	7,212	$	10,023
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash
Cash and due from banks at end of period (unrestricted cash)	$	5,305	$	5,564
Restricted cash at end of period	1,907		4,459
Cash and due from banks and restricted cash at end of period	$	7,212	$	10,023
Supplemental disclosures
Interest paid	$	4,955	$	2,671
Income taxes paid	132		160
Income taxes refunded	12		2

See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

BNY Mellon 51


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited)


	The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders												Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds		Total permanent equity			Redeemable non- controlling interests/ temporary equity
(in millions, except per share amount)	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		Treasury stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 (a)	$	4,343	$	14	$	28,908	$	39,549	$	(4,893)	$	(27,151)	$	50	$	40,820	(b)	$	85


Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			10
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			(17)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests	—		—		(5)		—		—		—		59		54			5
Net income	—		—		—		1,025		—		—		2		1,027			—
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		17		—		—		17			—
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.42 per share (c)	—		—		—		(324)		—		—		—		(324)			—
Preferred stock	—		—		—		(72)		—		—		—		(72)			—
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		—		—		—		(988)		—		(988)			—
Common stock issued under employee benefit plans	—		—		7		—		—		—		—		7			—


Stock-based compensation	—		—		168		—		—		—		—		168			—
Excise tax on share repurchases	—		—		—		—		—		(6)		—		(6)			—
Other	—		—		(23)		—		—		—		—		(23)			(1)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	4,343	$	14	$	29,055	$	40,178	$	(4,876)	$	(28,145)	$	111	$	40,680	(b)	$	82

(a) Retained earnings was restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(b) Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $36,427 million at Dec. 31, 2023 and $36,226 million at March 31, 2024.

(c) Includes dividend equivalents on share-based awards.

52 BNY Mellon


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) (continued)


	The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders												Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds		Total permanent equity			Redeemable non- controlling interests/ temporary equity
(in millions, except per share amount)	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		Treasury stock
Balance at Sept. 30, 2023 (a)	$	4,838	$	14	$	28,793	$	39,714	$	(5,805)	$	(26,696)	$	56	$	40,914	(b)	$	109


Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			11
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			(20)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests	—		—		21		—		—		—		(4)		17			(18)
Net income	—		—		—		208		—		—		(2)		206			—
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		912		—		—		912			—
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.42 per share (c)	—		—		—		(328)		—		—		—		(328)			—
Preferred stock	—		—		—		(36)		—		—		—		(36)			—
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		—		—		—		(450)		—		(450)			—

Common stock issued under employee benefit plans	—		—		5		—		—		—		—		5			—

Preferred stock redemption	(500)		—		—		—		—		—		—		(500)			—

Stock-based compensation	—		—		89		—		—		—		—		89			—
Amortization of preferred stock discount	5		—		—		(5)		—		—		—		—			—
Excise tax of share repurchases	—		—		—		—		—		(5)		—		(5)			—
Excise tax of preferred stock redemption	—		—		—		(5)		—		—		—		(5)			—
Other	—		—		—		1		—		—		—		1			3
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023 (a)	$	4,343	$	14	$	28,908	$	39,549	$	(4,893)	$	(27,151)	$	50	$	40,820	(b)	$	85

(b) Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $36,020 million at Sept. 30, 2023 and $36,427 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

(c) Includes dividend equivalents on share-based awards.

BNY Mellon 53


The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (and its subsidiaries)

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (unaudited) (continued)


	The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders												Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds		Total permanent equity			Redeemable non- controlling interests/ temporary equity
(in millions, except per share amount)	Preferred stock		Common stock		Additional paid-in capital		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax		Treasury stock
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022 (a)	$	4,838	$	14	$	28,508	$	37,743	$	(5,966)	$	(24,524)	$	7	$	40,620	(b)	$	109


Shares issued to shareholders of noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			10
Redemption of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			(34)
Other net changes in noncontrolling interests	—		—		(8)		—		—		—		65		57			9
Net income	—		—		—		982		—		—		—		982			—
Other comprehensive income	—		—		—		—		423		—		—		423			—
Dividends:
Common stock at $0.37 per share (c)	—		—		—		(304)		—		—		—		(304)			—
Preferred stock	—		—		—		(71)		—		—		—		(71)			—
Repurchase of common stock	—		—		—		—		—		(1,256)		—		(1,256)			—

Common stock issued under employee benefit plans	—		—		5		—		—		—		—		5			—



Stock-based compensation	—		—		145		—		—		—		—		145			—
Excise tax of share repurchases	—		—		—		—		—		(10)		—		(10)			—

Other	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—			2
Balance at March 31, 2023 (a)	$	4,838	$	14	$	28,650	$	38,350	$	(5,543)	$	(25,790)	$	72	$	40,591	(b)	$	96

(b) Includes total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation common shareholders’ equity of $35,775 million at Dec. 31, 2022 and $35,681 million at March 31, 2023.

(c) Includes dividend equivalents on share-based awards.

See accompanying unaudited Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

54 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1–Basis of presentation

Basis of presentation

The accounting and financial reporting policies of BNY Mellon, a global financial services company, conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and prevailing industry practices. For information on our significant accounting and reporting policies, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended Dec. 31, 2023 (the “2023 Annual Report”).

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented have been made. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2023 Annual Report.

On Jan. 1, 2024, we adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method on a retrospective basis for our investments in renewable energy projects that have met the eligibility criteria, and restated prior period financial statements. See Note 2 for additional information.

Use of estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates based upon assumptions about future economic and market conditions which affect reported amounts and related disclosures in our

financial statements. Although our current estimates contemplate current conditions and how we expect them to change in the future, it is reasonably possible that actual conditions could be worse than anticipated in those estimates, which could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Note 2–New accounting guidance

The following accounting guidance was adopted on Jan. 1, 2024.

ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method

In March 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, which permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the tax credit program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. Under the proportional amortization method, an entity amortizes the initial cost of the investment in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received, and recognizes the net amortization and income tax credits and other income tax benefits in the income statement as a component of the provision for income taxes.

We adopted this guidance on Jan.1, 2024. The impact of adopting this new guidance for our renewable energy investments that met the eligibility criteria was an increase in investment and other revenue and an increase in the provision for income taxes on the consolidated income statement. Renewable energy investments are recorded in other assets on the balance sheet. In the first quarter of 2024, we restated the prior period financial statements to reflect the impact of the retrospective application of the new accounting guidance. The required disclosures are included in Note 7.

BNY Mellon 55


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The table below presents the impact of the new accounting guidance on our previously reported income statement amounts.


Consolidated Income Statement	Previously reported				Adjustment				Restated
(in millions)	4Q23		1Q23		4Q23		1Q23		4Q23		1Q23
Investment and other revenue	$	(4)	$	79	$	47	$	52	$	43	$	131
Total fee and other revenue	3,210		3,235		47		52		3,257		3,287
Total revenue	4,311		4,363		47		52		4,358		4,415
Income before income taxes	232		1,236		47		52		279		1,288
Provision for income taxes	29		260		44		46		73		306
Net income	203		976		3		6		206		982
Net income applicable to shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	205		976		3		6		208		982
Net income applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	159		905		3		6		162		911

The table below presents the impact of the new accounting guidance on our previously reported earnings per share applicable to common shareholders.


Earnings per share applicable to common shareholders of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation	Previously reported				Restated
(in dollars)	4Q23		1Q23			4Q23		1Q23
Basic	$	0.21	$	1.13		$	0.21	$	1.13
Diluted	0.21		1.12			0.21		1.13

The table below presents the impact of the new accounting guidance on our previously reported balance sheet amounts.


Consolidated Balance Sheet	Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)	Previously reported		Adjustment		Restated
Other assets	$	25,985	$	(76)	$	25,909
Total assets	409,953		(76)		409,877
Accrued taxes and other expenses	5,567		(156)		5,411
Other liabilities	8,844		184		9,028
Total liabilities	368,944		28		368,972
Retained earnings	39,653		(104)		39,549
Total The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation shareholders’ equity	40,874		(104)		40,770
Total permanent equity	40,924		(104)		40,820
Total liabilities, temporary equity and permanent equity	409,953		(76)		409,877

Note 3–Acquisitions and dispositions

We sometimes structure our acquisitions and divestitures with both an initial payment or receipt and later contingent payments or receipts tied to post-closing revenue or income growth.

At March 31, 2024, we are potentially obligated to pay additional consideration which is recorded at fair value totaling approximately $20 million and, using reasonable assumptions and estimates, could range from $15 million to $20 million over the next year.

Contingent payments totaled $5 million in the first three months of 2024 and we recorded $1 million of increases to contingent earnout payables reflected in other expense.

At March 31, 2024, we could potentially receive additional consideration which is recorded at fair value totaling approximately $30 million and, using reasonable assumptions and estimates, could range from $20 million to $45 million over the next four years. There were no contingent receipts in the first three months of 2024.

56 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report for additional information.

Note 4–Securities

The following tables present the amortized cost, the gross unrealized gains and losses and the fair value of securities at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023.


Securities at March 31, 2024			Gross unrealized				Fair value
	Amortized cost
(in millions)	Gains		Losses
Available-for-sale:
Non-U.S. government (a)	$	24,988	$	40	$	711	$	24,317
U.S. Treasury	21,960		52		1,824		20,188
Agency residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”)	17,000		109		492		16,617
Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”)	8,083		63		562		7,584
Foreign covered bonds	7,420		17		176		7,261
Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”)	6,255		11		1		6,265
Non-agency commercial MBS	3,219		2		287		2,934
U.S. government agencies	2,887		37		188		2,736
Non-agency RMBS	1,852		30		179		1,703
Other asset-backed securities (“ABS”)	976		—		77		899
Other debt securities	1		—		—		1
Total securities available-for-sale (b)(c)	$	94,641	$	361	$	4,497	$	90,505
Held-to-maturity:
Agency RMBS	$	28,805	$	2	$	3,791	$	25,016
U.S. Treasury	8,763		—		617		8,146
U.S. government agencies	4,144		—		414		3,730
Agency commercial MBS	3,581		—		304		3,277
Non-U.S. government (a)	2,093		—		66		2,027
CLOs	983		—		—		983

Non-agency RMBS	24		1		1		24
Other debt securities	11		—		1		10
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	48,404	$	3	$	5,194	$	43,213
Total securities	$	143,045	$	364	$	9,691	$	133,718

(a) Includes supranational securities.

(b) The amortized cost of available-for-sale is net of the allowance for credit losses of $1 million. The allowance for credit loss relates to non-agency RMBS.

(c) Includes gross unrealized gains of $230 million and gross unrealized losses of $138 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains primarily relate to agency RMBS, agency commercial MBS and U.S. Treasury securities. The unrealized losses primarily relate to agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities. The unrealized gains and losses will be amortized into net interest income over the contractual lives of the securities.


Securities at Dec. 31, 2023			Gross unrealized
	Amortized cost		Fair value
(in millions)	Gains		Losses
Available-for-sale:
Non-U.S. government (a)	$	18,998	$	68	$	684	$	18,382
U.S. Treasury	18,193		63		1,652		16,604
Agency RMBS	13,457		119		465		13,111
Agency commercial MBS	8,191		69		531		7,729
Foreign covered bonds	6,489		25		180		6,334
CLOs	6,142		5		10		6,137
Non-agency commercial MBS	3,245		1		311		2,935
U.S. government agencies	3,053		42		194		2,901
Non-agency RMBS	1,883		32		175		1,740
Other ABS	1,026		1		84		943
Other debt securities	1		—		—		1
Total securities available-for-sale (b)(c)	$	80,678	$	425	$	4,286	$	76,817
Held-to-maturity:
Agency RMBS	$	29,740	$	1	$	3,493	$	26,248
U.S. Treasury	9,123		—		612		8,511
U.S. government agencies	4,146		—		401		3,745
Agency commercial MBS	3,411		1		296		3,116
Non-U.S. government (a)	2,137		3		67		2,073
CLOs	983		—		1		982
Non-agency RMBS	26		1		1		26
Other debt securities	12		—		2		10
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	49,578	$	6	$	4,873	$	44,711
Total securities	$	130,256	$	431	$	9,159	$	121,528

(a) Includes supranational securities.

(b) The amortized cost of available-for-sale securities is net of the allowance for credit losses of less than $1 million. The allowance for credit loss primarily relates to non-agency RMBS.

(c) Includes gross unrealized gains of $250 million and gross unrealized losses of $146 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. The unrealized gains primarily relate to agency RMBS, agency commercial MBS, and U.S. Treasury securities. The unrealized losses primarily relate to agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities. The unrealized gains and losses will be amortized into net interest income over the contractual lives of the securities.

The following table presents the realized gains and losses, on a gross basis.


Net securities gains (losses)
(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23
Realized gross gains	$	4	$	1	$	14
Realized gross losses	(5)		(49)		(15)
Total net securities (losses)	$	(1)	$	(48)	$	(1)

BNY Mellon 57


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table presents pre-tax net securities gains (losses) by type.


Net securities gains (losses)
(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23
U.S. Treasury	$	(1)	$	(49)	$	(8)
Non-agency RMBS	—		—		2


Other	—		1		5
Total net securities (losses)	$	(1)	$	(48)	$	(1)

Allowance for credit losses – Securities

The allowance for credit losses related to securities was $1 million at March 31, 2024 and $1 million at Dec. 31, 2023, and relates to non-agency RMBS and other debt securities.

Credit quality indicators – Securities

At March 31, 2024, the gross unrealized losses on the securities portfolio were primarily attributable to an increase in interest rates from the date of purchase, and for certain securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity, an increase in interest rates through the date they were transferred. Specifically, $138 million of the unrealized losses at March 31, 2024 and $146 million at Dec. 31, 2023 reflected in the tables below relate to certain securities that were previously transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. As the transfers created a new cost basis for the securities, if these securities have experienced unrealized losses since the date of transfer, the corresponding unrealized losses would be reflected in the held-to-maturity securities portfolio in the following tables.

The following tables show the aggregate fair value of available-for-sale securities with a continuous unrealized loss position for less than 12 months and those that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 months or more without an allowance for credit losses.


Available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses at March 31, 2024	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
Fair value	Unrealized losses				Fair value	Unrealized losses				Fair value	Unrealized losses
(in millions)
U.S. Treasury	$	4,973	$	43		$	15,046	$	1,781		$	20,019	$	1,824
Non-U.S. government (a)	7,130		54			11,188		657			18,318		711
Agency RMBS	6,326		59			6,873		433			13,199		492
Agency commercial MBS	262		6			6,965		556			7,227		562
Foreign covered bonds	1,280		5			3,020		171			4,300		176
Non-agency commercial MBS	58		—			2,604		287			2,662		287
U.S. government agencies	704		10			1,551		178			2,255		188
Non-agency RMBS	89		1			1,196		176			1,285		177
CLOs	912		—			335		1			1,247		1
Other ABS	—		—			790		77			790		77

Total securities available-for-sale (b)	$	21,734	$	178		$	49,568	$	4,317		$	71,302	$	4,495

(a) Includes supranational securities*.*

(b) Includes $138 million of gross unrealized losses for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months. The unrealized losses are primarily related to agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities and will be amortized into net interest income over the contractual lives of the securities.

58 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position without an allowance for credit losses at Dec. 31, 2023	Less than 12 months					12 months or more					Total
Fair value	Unrealized losses				Fair value	Unrealized losses				Fair value	Unrealized losses
(in millions)
U.S. Treasury	$	694	$	48		$	14,862	$	1,604		$	15,556	$	1,652
Non-U.S. government (a)	2,756		24			11,767		660			14,523		684
Agency RMBS	2,753		27			6,793		438			9,546		465
Agency commercial MBS	328		5			7,060		526			7,388		531
CLOs	784		—			3,158		10			3,942		10
Foreign covered bonds	268		1			3,603		179			3,871		180
Non-agency commercial MBS	187		2			2,607		309			2,794		311
U.S. government agencies	573		4			1,779		190			2,352		194
Non-agency RMBS	30		1			1,300		174			1,330		175
Other ABS	—		—			832		84			832		84

Total securities available-for-sale (b)	$	8,373	$	112		$	53,761	$	4,174		$	62,134	$	4,286

(a) Includes supranational securities.

(b) Includes $146 million of gross unrealized losses for 12 months or more recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income related to securities that were transferred from available-for-sale to held-to-maturity. There were no gross unrealized losses for less than 12 months. The unrealized losses are primarily related to agency RMBS and U.S. Treasury securities and will be amortized into net interest income over the contractual lives of the securities.

The following tables show the credit quality of the held-to-maturity securities. We have included certain credit ratings information because the information can indicate the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed. Significant changes in ratings classifications could indicate increased credit risk for us and could be accompanied by an increase in the allowance for credit losses and/or a reduction in the fair value of our securities portfolio.


Held-to-maturity securities portfolio at March 31, 2024						Ratings (a)
			Net unrealized gain (loss)									BB+ and lower
(dollars in millions)	Amortized cost				AAA/ AA-	A+/ A-		BBB+/ BBB-		Not rated
Agency RMBS	$	28,805	$	(3,789)		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
U.S. Treasury	8,763		(617)			100		—		—		—		—
U.S. government agencies	4,144		(414)			100		—		—		—		—
Agency commercial MBS	3,581		(304)			100		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. government (b)(c)	2,093		(66)			100		—		—		—		—
CLOs	983		—			100		—		—		—		—
Non-agency RMBS	24		—			24		55		2		17		2
Other debt securities	11		(1)			—		—		—		—		100
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	48,404	$	(5,191)		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%

(a) Represents ratings by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or the equivalent.

(b) Includes supranational securities.

(c) Primarily consists of exposure to Germany, France, UK and the Netherlands.

BNY Mellon 59


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Held-to-maturity securities portfolio at Dec. 31, 2023						Ratings (a)
			Net unrealized gain (loss)									BB+ and lower
(dollars in millions)	Amortized cost				AAA/ AA-	A+/ A-		BBB+/ BBB-		Not rated
Agency RMBS	$	29,740	$	(3,492)		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
U.S. Treasury	9,123		(612)			100		—		—		—		—
U.S. government agencies	4,146		(401)			100		—		—		—		—
Agency commercial MBS	3,411		(295)			100		—		—		—		—
Non-U.S. government (b)(c)	2,137		(64)			100		—		—		—		—
CLOs	983		(1)			100		—		—		—		—
Non-agency RMBS	26		—			25		54		2		17		2

Other debt securities	12		(2)			—		—		—		—		100
Total held-to-maturity securities	$	49,578	$	(4,867)		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%

(a) Represents ratings by S&P or the equivalent.

(b) Includes supranational securities.

(c) Primarily consists of exposure to Germany, France, UK and the Netherlands.

Maturity distribution

The following table shows the maturity distribution by carrying amount and yield (on a tax equivalent basis) of our securities portfolio.


Maturity distribution and yields on securities at March 31, 2024
Within 1 year					1-5 years					5-10 years					After 10 years					Total
(dollars in millions)	Amount		Yield (a)			Amount		Yield (a)			Amount		Yield (a)			Amount		Yield (a)			Amount		Yield (a)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury	$	3,061	1.74	%		$	12,520	1.75	%		$	2,650	3.06	%		$	1,957	2.92	%		$	20,188	2.04	%
Non-U.S. government (b)	4,826		2.37			16,482		3.00			2,868		2.36			141		3.08			24,317		2.80
Foreign covered bonds	1,279		3.55			5,557		3.39			425		2.20			—		—			7,261		3.34
U.S. government agencies	50		1.51			1,692		3.82			886		2.81			108		2.75			2,736		3.38

Other debt securities	—		—			—		—			—		—			1		4.85			1		4.85
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency RMBS																					16,617		5.13
Non-agency RMBS																					1,703		4.46
Agency commercial MBS																					7,584		3.04
Non-agency commercial MBS																					2,934		3.47
CLOs																					6,265		6.80
Other ABS																					899		2.42
Total securities available-for-sale	$	9,216	2.32	%		$	36,251	2.65	%		$	6,829	2.68	%		$	2,207	2.92	%		$	90,505	3.44	%
Held-to-maturity:
U.S. Treasury	$	2,816	1.55	%		$	5,137	1.21	%		$	810	1.07	%		$	—	—	%		$	8,763	1.30	%
U.S. government agencies	555		1.34			2,827		1.46			549		1.69			213		1.99			4,144		1.50
Non-U.S. government (b)	896		0.97			1,121		1.29			76		0.59			—		—			2,093		1.13
Other debt securities	—		—			—		—			11		4.75			—		—			11		4.75
Mortgage-backed securities:
Agency RMBS																					28,805		2.33
Non-agency RMBS																					24		4.42
Agency commercial MBS																					3,581		2.57
CLOs																					983		6.72
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	4,267	1.40	%		$	9,085	1.30	%		$	1,446	1.31	%		$	213	1.99	%		$	48,404	2.13	%
Total securities	$	13,483	2.03	%		$	45,336	2.39	%		$	8,275	2.46	%		$	2,420	2.85	%		$	138,909	3.00	%

(a) Yields are based upon the amortized cost of securities and consider the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, excluding the effect of related hedging derivatives.

(b) Includes supranational securities.

60 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Pledged assets

At March 31, 2024, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $145 billion, including $96 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $9 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The components of the assets pledged at March 31, 2024 included $127 billion of securities, $13 billion of loans, $4 billion of trading assets and $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

If there has been no borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window, the Federal Reserve generally allows banks to freely move assets in and out of their pledged assets account to sell or repledge the assets for other purposes. BNY Mellon regularly moves assets in and out of its pledged assets account at the Federal Reserve as there have been no borrowings.

At Dec. 31, 2023, BNY Mellon had pledged assets of $134 billion, including $93 billion pledged as collateral for potential borrowing at the Federal Reserve Discount Window and $9 billion pledged as collateral for borrowing at the Federal Home Loan Bank. The components of the assets pledged at Dec. 31, 2023 included $116 billion of securities, $13 billion of loans, $4 billion of trading assets and $1 billion of interest-bearing deposits with banks.

At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, pledged assets included $26 billion and $24 billion, respectively, for which the recipients were permitted to sell or repledge the assets delivered.

We also obtain securities as collateral, including receipts under resale agreements, securities borrowed, derivative contracts and custody agreements, on terms which permit us to sell or repledge the securities to others. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, the market value of the securities received that can be sold or repledged was $217 billion and $212 billion, respectively. We routinely sell or repledge these securities through delivery to third parties. As of March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, the market value of securities collateral sold or repledged was $197 billion and $180 billion, respectively.

Restricted cash and securities

Cash and securities may be segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, cash segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements was $2 billion and $3 billion, respectively. Restricted cash is primarily included in interest-bearing deposits with banks on the consolidated balance sheet. Securities segregated under federal and other regulations or requirements were $5 billion at March 31, 2024 and $3 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Restricted securities were sourced from securities purchased under resale agreements and are included in federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements on the consolidated balance sheet.

Note 5–Loans and asset quality

Loans

The table below provides the details of our loan portfolio.


Loans	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
Commercial	$	2,463	$	2,112
Commercial real estate	6,997		6,760
Financial institutions	12,059		10,521
Lease financings	599		599
Wealth management loans	9,028		9,109
Wealth management mortgages	9,088		9,131
Other residential mortgages	1,147		1,166
Capital call financing	3,987		3,700
Other	2,723		2,717
Overdrafts	7,947		3,053
Margin loans	17,577		18,011
Total loans (a)	$	73,615	$	66,879

(a) Net of unearned income of $258 million at March 31, 2024 and $268 million at Dec. 31, 2023 primarily related to lease financings.

We disclose information related to our loans and asset quality by the class of the financing receivable in the following tables.

BNY Mellon 61


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Allowance for credit losses

Activity in the allowance for credit losses on loans and lending-related commitments is presented below. This does not include activity in the allowance for credit losses related to other financial instruments, including cash and due from banks, interest-bearing deposits with banks, federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements, available-for-sale securities, held-to-maturity securities and accounts receivable.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2024									Wealth management loans		Wealth management mortgages		Other residential mortgages		Capital call financing
(in millions)	Commercial		Commercial real estate		Financial institutions		Lease financings				Total
Beginning balance	$	27	$	325	$	19	$	1	$	1	$	9	$	4	$	4	$	390
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		(1)		—		—		(1)
Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Net (charge-offs)	—		—		—		—		—		(1)		—		—		(1)
Provision (a)	(3)		22		(2)		(1)		—		(1)		(1)		—		14
Ending balance	$	24	$	347	$	17	$	—	$	1	$	7	$	3	$	4	$	403
Allowance for:
Loan losses	$	14	$	287	$	8	$	—	$	1	$	6	$	3	$	3	$	322
Lending-related commitments	10		60		9		—		—		1		—		1		81
Individually evaluated for impairment:
Loan balance (b)	$	—	$	331	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	1	$	—	$	348
Allowance for loan losses	—		107		—		—		—		—		—		—		107

(a) Does not include the provision for credit losses related to other financial instruments of $13 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

(b) Includes collateral-dependent loans of $348 million with $303 million of collateral value.


Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2023									Wealth management loans		Wealth management mortgages		Other residential mortgages		Capital call financing
(in millions)	Commercial		Commercial real estate		Financial institutions		Lease financings		Other		Total
Beginning balance	$	32	$	222	$	22	$	1	$	1	$	9	$	6	$	3	$	—	$	296
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5		5
Net recoveries	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		5		5
Provision (a)	(5)		103		(3)		—		—		—		(2)		1		(5)		89
Ending balance	$	27	$	325	$	19	$	1	$	1	$	9	$	4	$	4	$	—	$	390
Allowance for:
Loan losses	$	12	$	266	$	9	$	1	$	1	$	8	$	4	$	2	$	—	$	303
Lending-related commitments	15		59		10		—		—		1		—		2		—		87
Individually evaluated for impairment:
Loan balance (b)	$	—	$	290	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	12	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	303
Allowance for loan losses	—		76		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		76

(a) Does not include the provision for credit losses benefit related to other financial instruments of $5 million for the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2023.

(b) Includes collateral-dependent loans of $303 million with $348 million of collateral at fair value.

62 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Allowance for credit losses activity for the quarter ended March 31, 2023									Wealth management loans		Wealth management mortgages		Other residential mortgages		Capital call financing		Total
(in millions)	Commercial		Commercial real estate		Financial institutions		Lease financings
Beginning balance	$	18	$	184	$	24	$	1	$	1	$	12	$	8	$	6	$	254
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Recoveries	1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1
Net recoveries	1		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		1
Provision (a)	2		(7)		—		—		—		2		1		—		(2)
Ending balance	$	21	$	177	$	24	$	1	$	1	$	14	$	9	$	6	$	253
Allowance for:
Loan losses	$	4	$	130	$	8	$	1	$	1	$	13	$	9	$	4	$	170
Lending-related commitments	17		47		16		—		—		1		—		2		83
Individually evaluated for impairment:
Loan balance (b)	$	—	$	54	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	13	$	1	$	—	$	68
Allowance for loan losses	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—

(a) Does not include the provision for credit losses related to other financial instruments of $29 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

(b) Includes collateral-dependent loans of $68 million with $103 million of collateral at fair value.

Nonperforming assets

The table below presents our nonperforming assets.


Nonperforming assets	March 31, 2024						Dec. 31, 2023
	Recorded investment						Recorded investment
	With an allowance		Without an allowance				With an allowance		Without an allowance
(in millions)	Total				Total
Nonperforming loans:
Commercial real estate	$	230	$	—	$	230	$	189	$	—	$	189
Other residential mortgages	22		1		23		23		1		24
Wealth management mortgages	7		16		23		7		12		19


Total nonperforming loans	259		17		276		219		13		232
Other assets owned	—		2		2		—		5		5
Total nonperforming assets	$	259	$	19	$	278	$	219	$	18	$	237

Past due loans

The table below presents our past due loans.


Past due loans and still accruing interest	March 31, 2024										Dec. 31, 2023
Days past due						Total past due				Days past due						Total past due
(in millions)	30-59			60-89		≥90		30-59			60-89		≥90
Financial institutions	$	455	(a)	$	—	$	—	$	455		$	339	(b)	$	—	$	—	$	339
Wealth management loans	50			—		—		50			52			—		—		52
Wealth management mortgages	48			—		—		48			26			3		—		29
Commercial real estate	3			—		—		3			9			3		—		12
Other residential mortgages	12			5		—		17			7			1		—		8



Total past due loans	$	568		$	5	$	—	$	573		$	433		$	7	$	—	$	440

(a) Past due financial institution loans have been collected since March 31, 2024.

(b) Past due financial institution loans have been collected since Dec. 31, 2023.

BNY Mellon 63


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Loan modifications

Modified loans are evaluated to determine whether a modification or restructuring with a borrower experiencing financial difficulty results in principal forgiveness, an interest rate reduction, an other-than-insignificant payment delay, or a term extension. The modification could result in a new loan or a continuation of the existing loan.

In the first quarter of 2024, we modified one commercial real estate exposure, with a recorded investment of $59 million and an unfunded lending commitment of $15 million, by extending the maturity date. We also modified one residential

mortgage loan, with an aggregate recorded investment of less than $1 million, by providing payment modifications and extending the maturity date.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, we modified three residential mortgage loans, with an aggregate recorded investment of less than $2 million, by payment modifications and extending the maturity dates.

In the first quarter of 2023, we modified one commercial real estate loan, with a recorded investment of $12 million, by extending the maturity date.

Credit quality indicators

Our credit strategy is to focus on investment-grade clients that are active users of our non-credit services. Each customer is assigned an internal credit rating, which is mapped to an external rating agency grade equivalent, if possible, based upon a number of dimensions, which are continually evaluated and may change over time. The tables below provide information about the credit profile of the loan portfolio by the period of origination.


Credit profile of the loan portfolio													March 31, 2024
													Revolving loans
	Originated, at amortized cost												Amortized cost		Converted to term loans – Amortized cost				Accrued interest receivable
(in millions)	1Q24		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Total (a)
Commercial:
Investment grade	$	16	$	140	$	56	$	64	$	—	$	116	$	1,980	$	—	$	2,372
Non-investment grade	2		—		—		24		—		—		65		—		91
Total commercial	18		140		56		88		—		116		2,045		—		2,463		$	3
Commercial real estate:
Investment grade	185		555		739		640		558		1,759		226		22		4,684
Non-investment grade	1		237		846		339		307		493		90		—		2,313
Total commercial real estate	186		792		1,585		979		865		2,252		316		22		6,997		33
Financial institutions:
Investment grade	184		424		24		110		72		8		10,142		—		10,964
Non-investment grade	45		20		10		—		—		—		1,020		—		1,095
Total financial institutions	229		444		34		110		72		8		11,162		—		12,059		124
Wealth management loans:
Investment grade	4		30		31		109		26		163		8,487		100		8,950
Non-investment grade	—		—		—		—		—		—		78		—		78
Total wealth management loans	4		30		31		109		26		163		8,565		100		9,028		59
Wealth management mortgages (b)	107		841		1,658		1,901		855		3,705		21		—		9,088		24
Lease financings	—		—		—		12		38		549		—		—		599		—
Other residential mortgages	—		179		555		199		5		209		—		—		1,147		4
Capital call financing	—		10		—		—		—		—		3,977		—		3,987		17
Other loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,723		—		2,723		7
Margin loans	7,830		—		—		—		—		—		9,747		—		17,577		39
Total loans	$	8,374	$	2,436	$	3,919	$	3,398	$	1,861	$	7,002	$	38,556	$	122	$	65,668	$	310

(a) Excludes overdrafts of $7,947 million. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis primarily in the custody and securities clearance business and are generally repaid within two business days.

(b) The gross write-offs related to wealth management mortgage loans were less than $1 million in the first three months of 2024.

64 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Credit profile of the loan portfolio													Dec. 31, 2023
													Revolving loans
	Originated, at amortized cost												Amortized cost		Converted to term loans – Amortized cost				Accrued interest receivable
(in millions)	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Total (a)
Commercial:
Investment grade	$	193	$	114	$	70	$	—	$	—	$	45	$	1,483	$	—	$	1,905
Non-investment grade	52		18		—		—		—		—		137		—		207
Total commercial	245		132		70		—		—		45		1,620		—		2,112		$	3
Commercial real estate:
Investment grade	1,518		864		585		152		271		875		136		22		4,423
Non-investment grade	1,172		685		154		43		47		152		84		—		2,337
Total commercial real estate	2,690		1,549		739		195		318		1,027		220		22		6,760		30
Financial institutions:
Investment grade	616		74		57		—		—		10		6,948		—		7,705
Non-investment grade	134		10		—		—		—		—		2,672		—		2,816
Total financial institutions	750		84		57		—		—		10		9,620		—		10,521		120
Wealth management loans:
Investment grade	39		30		110		26		7		167		8,542		101		9,022
Non-investment grade	—		2		—		—		—		—		85		—		87
Total wealth management loans	39		32		110		26		7		167		8,627		101		9,109		57
Wealth management mortgages	850		1,689		1,909		863		736		3,066		18		—		9,131		22
Lease financings	230		—		—		40		7		322		—		—		599		—
Other residential mortgages (b)	184		561		200		5		—		216		—		—		1,166		5
Capital call financing	10		—		—		—		—		—		3,690		—		3,700		15
Other loans	—		—		—		—		—		—		2,717		—		2,717		7
Margin loans	7,283		—		—		—		—		—		10,728		—		18,011		41
Total loans	$	12,281	$	4,047	$	3,085	$	1,129	$	1,068	$	4,853	$	37,240	$	123	$	63,826	$	300

(a) Excludes overdrafts of $3,053 million. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis primarily in the custody and securities clearance business and are generally repaid within two business days.

(b) The gross write-offs related to other residential mortgage loans were $3 million in 2023.

Commercial loans

The commercial loan portfolio is divided into investment grade and non-investment grade categories based on the assigned internal credit ratings, which are generally consistent with those of the public rating agencies. Customers with ratings consistent with BBB- (S&P)/Baa3 (Moody’s) or better are considered to be investment grade. Those clients with ratings lower than this threshold are considered to be non-investment grade.

Commercial real estate

Our income-producing commercial real estate facilities are focused on experienced owners and are structured with moderate leverage based on existing cash flows. Our commercial real estate lending activities also include construction and renovation facilities.

Financial institutions

Financial institution exposures are high quality, with 97% of the exposures meeting the investment grade equivalent criteria of our internal credit rating classification at March 31, 2024. In addition, 66% of the financial institutions exposure is secured. For example, securities industry clients and asset managers often borrow against marketable securities held in custody. The exposure to financial institutions is generally short term, with 84% expiring within one year.

Wealth management loans

Wealth management loans are not typically rated by external rating agencies. A majority of the wealth management loans are secured by the customers’ investment management accounts or custody accounts. Eligible assets pledged for these loans are typically investment grade fixed-income securities, equities and/or mutual funds. Internal ratings for this portion of the wealth management loan portfolio, therefore, would equate to investment grade external

BNY Mellon 65


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

ratings. Wealth management loans are provided to select customers based on the pledge of other types of assets. For the loans collateralized by other assets, the credit quality of the obligor is carefully analyzed, but we do not consider this portion of our wealth management loan portfolio to be investment grade.

Wealth management mortgages

Credit quality indicators for wealth management mortgages are not correlated to external ratings. Wealth management mortgages are typically loans to high-net-worth individuals, which are secured primarily by residential property. These loans are primarily interest-only, adjustable-rate mortgages with a weighted-average loan-to-value ratio of 61% at origination. Delinquency rate is a key indicator of credit quality in our wealth management portfolio. At March 31, 2024, less than 1% of the mortgages were past due.

Lease financings

At March 31, 2024, nearly all of the leasing exposure was investment grade, or investment grade equivalent, and consisted of exposures backed by well-diversified assets. The largest components of our lease residual value exposure relate to real estate and large-ticket transportation equipment. Assets are both domestic and foreign-based, with primary concentrations in Germany and the U.S.

Other residential mortgages

The other residential mortgages portfolio primarily consists of 1-4 family residential mortgage loans and

totaled $1.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and $1.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. These loans are not typically correlated to external ratings.

Capital call financing

Capital call financing includes loans to private equity funds that are secured by the fund investors’ capital commitments and the funds’ right to call capital.

Other loans

Other loans primarily include loans to consumers that are fully collateralized with equities, mutual funds and fixed-income securities.

Margin loans

We had $17.6 billion of secured margin loans at March 31, 2024, compared with $18.0 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Margin loans are collateralized with marketable securities, and borrowers are required to maintain a daily collateral margin in excess of 100% of the value of the loan. We have rarely suffered a loss on these types of loans.

Overdrafts

Overdrafts primarily relate to custody and securities clearance clients and totaled $7.9 billion at March 31, 2024 and $3.1 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Overdrafts occur on a daily basis and are generally repaid within two business days.

Reverse repurchase agreements

Reverse repurchase agreements at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023 were fully secured with high-quality collateral. As a result, there was no allowance for credit losses related to these assets at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023.

66 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 6–Goodwill and intangible assets

Goodwill

The tables below provide a breakdown of goodwill by business segment.


Goodwill by business segment (in millions)	Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Consolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill	$	7,004	$	1,429	$	8,508	$	16,941
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—		(680)		(680)
Net goodwill	$	7,004	$	1,429	$	7,828	$	16,261

Business realignment (a)	(51)		48		3		—

Foreign currency translation	(18)		(1)		(14)		(33)
Balance at March 31, 2024
Goodwill	$	6,935	$	1,476	$	8,497	$	16,908
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—		(680)		(680)
Net goodwill	$	6,935	$	1,476	$	7,817	$	16,228

(a) In the first quarter of 2024, we made certain realignments of similar products and services within our lines of business. See Note 19 for additional information.


Goodwill by business segment (in millions)	Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Consolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill	$	6,973	$	1,424	$	8,433	$	16,830
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—		(680)		(680)
Net goodwill	$	6,973	$	1,424	$	7,753	$	16,150


Foreign currency translation	12		2		28		42

Balance at March 31, 2023
Goodwill	$	6,985	$	1,426	$	8,461	$	16,872
Accumulated impairment losses	—		—		(680)		(680)
Net goodwill	$	6,985	$	1,426	$	7,781	$	16,192

Goodwill impairment testing

The goodwill impairment test is performed at least annually at the reporting unit level. An interim goodwill impairment test is performed when events or circumstances occur that may indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any reporting unit may be less than its carrying value.

BNY Mellon 67


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Intangible assets

The tables below provide a breakdown of intangible assets by business segment.


Intangible assets – net carrying amount by business segment (in millions)	Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Other		Consolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$	164	$	378	$	1,463	$	849	$	2,854

Amortization	(7)		(1)		(4)		—		(12)
Foreign currency translation	(1)		—		(2)		—		(3)
Balance at March 31, 2024	$	156	$	377	$	1,457	$	849	$	2,839


Intangible assets – net carrying amount by business segment (in millions)	Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Other		Consolidated
Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	$	193	$	384	$	1,475	$	849	$	2,901

Amortization	(8)		(1)		(5)		—		(14)
Foreign currency translation	—		—		3		—		3
Balance at March 31, 2023	$	185	$	383	$	1,473	$	849	$	2,890

The table below provides a breakdown of intangible assets by type.


Intangible assets	March 31, 2024							Dec. 31, 2023
(dollars in millions)	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount		Remaining weighted- average amortization period	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Subject to amortization: (a)
Customer contracts – Securities Services	$	729	$	(573)	$	156	10 years	$	731	$	(567)	$	164
Customer contracts – Market and Wealth Services	280		(274)		6		2 years	280		(273)		7
Customer relationships – Investment and Wealth Management	553		(484)		69		8 years	553		(479)		74
Other	41		(12)		29		13 years	41		(12)		29
Total subject to amortization	$	1,603	$	(1,343)	$	260	9 years	$	1,605	$	(1,331)	$	274
Not subject to amortization: (b)
Tradenames	$	1,292	N/A		$	1,292	N/A	$	1,292	N/A		$	1,292
Customer relationships	1,287		N/A		1,287		N/A	1,288		N/A		1,288
Total not subject to amortization	$	2,579	N/A		$	2,579	N/A	$	2,580	N/A		$	2,580
Total intangible assets	$	4,182	$	(1,343)	$	2,839	N/A	$	4,185	$	(1,331)	$	2,854

(a) Excludes fully amortized intangible assets.

(b) Intangible assets not subject to amortization have an indefinite life.

N/A – Not applicable.

Estimated annual amortization expense for current intangibles for the next five years is as follows:


For the year ended Dec. 31,	Estimated amortization expense (in millions)
2024		$	49
2025		43
2026		34
2027		28
2028		24

Intangible asset impairment testing

Intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested for impairment annually or more often if events or circumstances indicate they may be impaired.

68 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 7–Other assets

The following table provides the components of other assets presented on the consolidated balance sheet.


Other assets	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
Corporate/bank-owned life insurance	$	5,498	$	5,480
Accounts receivable (a)	4,347		6,567
Software	2,455		2,430
Fails to deliver	2,281		1,514
Tax credit investments (b)	2,130		2,186
Prepaid pension assets	1,984		1,818
Equity method investments	888		873
Other equity investments (c)	763		741
Prepaid expense	754		737
Assets of consolidated investment management funds	568		526
Federal Reserve Bank stock	482		480
Fair value of hedging derivatives	384		236
Seed capital (d)	207		232
Cash collateral receivable on derivative transactions	187		621
Income taxes receivable	165		270
Other (e)	1,010		1,198
Total other assets	$	24,103	$	25,909

(a) Includes receivables for securities sold or matured that have not yet settled.

(b) Prior period renewable energy investments were restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 for additional information.

(c) Includes strategic equity, private equity and other investments.

(d) Includes investments in BNY Mellon funds that hedge deferred incentive awards.

(e) At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, other assets include $7 million and $7 million, respectively, of Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost.

Non-readily marketable equity securities

Non-readily marketable equity securities do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are valued using a measurement alternative where the investments are carried at cost, less any impairment, and plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. The observable price changes are recorded in investment and other revenue on the consolidated income statement. Our non-readily marketable equity securities totaled $494 million at March 31, 2024 and $479 million at Dec. 31, 2023, and are included in other equity investments in the table above.

The following table presents the adjustments on the non-readily marketable equity securities.


Adjustments on non-readily marketable equity securities							Life-to-date
(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23
Upward adjustments	$	—	$	47	$	—		$	335
Downward adjustments	—		(1)		(18)			(53)
Net adjustments	$	—	$	46	$	(18)		$	282

Tax credit investments

Tax credit investments include affordable housing projects and renewable energy investments. We invest in affordable housing projects primarily to satisfy the Company’s requirements under the Community Reinvestment Act. On Jan. 1, 2024, we adopted ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method for our renewable energy projects that met the eligibility criteria. See Note 2 for additional information.

Our tax credit investments totaled $2.1 billion at March 31, 2024 and $2.2 billion at Dec. 31, 2023. Commitments to fund future investments totaled $777 million at March 31, 2024 and $780 million at Dec. 31, 2023 and are recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. A summary of the commitments to fund future investments is as follows: remainder of 2024 – $283 million; 2025 – $227 million; 2026 – $92 million; 2027 – $44 million; 2028 – $16 million; and 2029 and thereafter – $115 million.

Tax credits and other tax benefits recognized were $114 million in the first quarter of 2024, $97 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 and $90 million in the first quarter of 2023.

Amortization expense included in the provision for income taxes was $92 million in the first quarter of 2024, $74 million in the fourth quarter of 2023 and $73 million in the first quarter of 2023.

Investments valued using net asset value (“NAV”) per share

In our Investment and Wealth Management business segment, we make seed capital investments in certain funds we manage. We also hold private equity investments, primarily small business investment

BNY Mellon 69


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

companies (“SBICs”), which are compliant with the Volcker Rule, and certain other corporate investments. Seed capital, private equity and other corporate investments are included in other assets on

the consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of certain of these investments was estimated using the NAV per share for our ownership interest in the funds.

The table below presents information on our investments valued using NAV.


Investments valued using NAV	March 31, 2024					Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)	Fair value		Unfunded commitments			Fair value		Unfunded commitments
Seed capital (a)(b)	$	7		$	—	$	3		$	—
Private equity investments (c)	152			41		143			42
Other	7			—		7			—
Total	$	166		$	41	$	153		$	42

*(*a) Seed capital investments at March 31, 2024 are generally redeemable on request. Distributions are received as the underlying investments in the funds, which have redemption notice periods of up to seven days, are liquidated.

(b) Includes investments in funds that relate to deferred compensation arrangements with employees.

(c) Private equity investments primarily include Volcker Rule-compliant investments in SBICs that invest in various sectors of the economy. Private equity investments do not have redemption rights. Distributions from such investments will be received as the underlying investments in the private equity investments, which have a life of 10 years, are liquidated.

Note 8–Contract revenue

Fee and other revenue in the Securities Services, Market and Wealth Services and Investment and Wealth Management business segments is primarily variable, based on levels of assets under custody and/or administration, assets under management and the level of client-driven transactions, as specified in the fee schedules. See Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report for information on the nature of our services and revenue recognition. See Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report for additional information on our principal business segments — Securities Services,

Market and Wealth Services and Investment and Wealth Management — and the primary services provided.

Disaggregation of contract revenue

Contract revenue is included in fee and other revenue on the consolidated income statement. The following tables present fee and other revenue related to contracts with customers, disaggregated by type of fee revenue, for each business segment. Business segment data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than GAAP, which is used for consolidated financial reporting.

70 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Disaggregation of contract revenue by business segment
	Quarter ended
	March 31, 2024										March 31, 2023 (a)
(in millions)	Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Other		Total			Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Other		Total
Fee and other revenue – contract revenue:
Investment services fees	$	1,260	$	992	$	26	$	(16)	$	2,262		$	1,169	$	932	$	24	$	(15)	$	2,110
Investment management and performance fees	—		2		774		(4)		772			—		2		784		(3)		783
Financing-related fees	15		8		—		—		23			13		5		—		—		18
Distribution and servicing fees	1		(29)		70		—		42			—		(23)		55		1		33
Investment and other revenue	57		60		(90)		1		28			60		50		(80)		1		31
Total fee and other revenue – contract revenue	1,333		1,033		780		(19)		3,127			1,242		966		783		(16)		2,975
Fee and other revenue – not in scope of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 606 (b)(c)(d)	223		61		25		49		358			201		52		2		57		312
Total fee and other revenue	$	1,556	$	1,094	$	805	$	30	$	3,485		$	1,443	$	1,018	$	785	$	41	$	3,287

(a) Prior period results were revised in the first quarter of 2024 to reflect certain realignments of similar products and services within our lines of business. See Note 19 for additional information.

(b) Primarily includes investment services fees, foreign exchange revenue, financing-related fees and investment and other revenue, all of which are accounted for using other accounting guidance.

(c) The Investment and Wealth Management business segment is net of income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $2 million in the first quarter of 2024 and $— million in the first quarter of 2023.

(d) Prior period amount for the Other segment was restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 for additional information.


Disaggregation of contract revenue by business segment	Quarter ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 (a)
(in millions)	Securities Services		Market and Wealth Services		Investment and Wealth Management		Other		Total
Fee and other revenue – contract revenue:
Investment services fees	$	1,251	$	970	$	25	$	(15)	$	2,231
Investment management and performance fees	—		2		744		(3)		743
Financing-related fees	7		3		1		(1)		10
Distribution and servicing fees	3		(27)		66		—		42
Investment and other revenue	58		55		(83)		—		30
Total fee and other revenue – contract revenue	1,319		1,003		753		(19)		3,056
Fee and other revenue – not in scope of ASC 606 (b)(c)(d)	225		57		(119)		40		203
Total fee and other revenue	$	1,544	$	1,060	$	634	$	21	$	3,259

(b) Primarily includes investment services fees, foreign exchange revenue, financing-related fees and investment and other revenue, all of which are accounted for using other accounting guidance.

(c) The Investment and Wealth Management business segment is net of (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $(2) million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

BNY Mellon 71


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Contract balances

Our clients are billed based on fee schedules that are agreed upon in each customer contract. Receivables from customers were $2.6 billion at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023.

Contract assets represent accrued revenues that have not yet been billed to customers due to certain contractual terms other than the passage of time and were $48 million at March 31, 2024 and $27 million at Dec. 31, 2023. Accrued revenues recorded as contract assets are usually billed on an annual basis.

Both receivables from customers and contract assets are included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet.

Contract liabilities represent payments received in advance of providing services under certain contracts and were $204 million at March 31, 2024 and $172 million at Dec. 31, 2023. Contract liabilities are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. Revenue recognized in the first quarter of 2024 relating to contract liabilities as of Dec. 31, 2023 was $55 million.

Changes in contract assets and liabilities primarily relate to either party’s performance under the contracts.

Contract costs

Incremental costs for obtaining contracts that are deemed recoverable are capitalized as contract costs. Such costs result from the payment of sales

incentives, primarily in the Wealth Management business, and totaled $52 million at March 31, 2024 and $46 million at Dec. 31, 2023. Capitalized sales incentives are amortized based on the transfer of goods or services to which the assets relate. The amortization of capitalized sales incentives, which is included in staff expense on the consolidated income statement, totaled $3 million in the first quarter of 2024, $4 million in the first quarter of 2023 and $4 million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

Costs to fulfill a contract are capitalized when they relate directly to an existing contract or a specific anticipated contract, generate or enhance resources that will be used to fulfill performance obligations, and are recoverable. Such costs generally represent set-up costs, which include any direct cost incurred at the inception of a contract which enables the fulfillment of the performance obligation, and totaled $91 million at March 31, 2024 and $90 million at Dec. 31, 2023. These capitalized costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the expected contract period.

Unsatisfied performance obligations

We do not have any unsatisfied performance obligations other than those that are subject to a practical expedient election under ASC 606, Revenue From Contracts With Customers. The practical expedient election applies to (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less, and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.

72 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 9–Net interest income

The following table provides the components of net interest income presented on the consolidated income statement.


Net interest income	Quarter ended
(in millions)	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2023
Interest income
Deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	$	1,219	$	1,294	$	853
Deposits with banks	121		130		140
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	2,433		2,308		991
Loans	1,061		1,064		866
Securities:
Taxable	1,193		1,080		1,022
Exempt from federal income taxes	—		—		—
Total securities	1,193		1,080		1,022
Trading securities	69		87		70
Total interest income	6,096		5,963		3,942
Interest expense
Deposits	2,187		2,108		1,366
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	2,243		2,122		892
Trading liabilities	21		35		30
Other borrowed funds	4		6		3

Customer payables	146		148		128
Long-term debt	455		443		395
Total interest expense	5,056		4,862		2,814
Net interest income	1,040		1,101		1,128
Provision for credit losses	27		84		27
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	$	1,013	$	1,017	$	1,101

Note 10–Employee benefit plans

The components of net periodic benefit (credit) cost are presented below. The service cost component is reflected in staff expense, whereas the remaining components are reflected in other expense.


Net periodic benefit (credit) cost	Quarter ended
March 31, 2024							March 31, 2023
(in millions)	Domestic pension benefits		Foreign pension benefits		Health care benefits			Domestic pension benefits		Foreign pension benefits		Health care benefits
Service cost	$	—	$	3	$	—		$	—	$	3	$	—
Interest cost	45		10		1			48		8		1
Expected return on assets	(95)		(20)		(2)			(95)		(22)		(2)
Other	6		(1)		(2)			2		(3)		(3)
Net periodic benefit (credit)	$	(44)	$	(8)	$	(3)		$	(45)	$	(14)	$	(4)

Note 11–Income taxes

BNY Mellon recorded an income tax provision of $297 million (22.4% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2024, $306 million (23.8% effective tax rate) in the first quarter of 2023 and $73 million (26.2% effective tax rate) in the fourth quarter of 2023.

In accordance with ASU 2023-02, Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method, we elected to account for investments in renewable energy projects that met the eligibility requirement using the proportional amortization method on a retrospective basis. Previously, we used the hypothetical liquidation at book value (“HLBV”)

BNY Mellon 73


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

methodology to determine the pre-tax loss that is recognized in each period. This change resulted in an increase in investment and other revenue and an increase in the provision for income taxes on the consolidated income statement. For additional information, see Note 2 and Note 7.

Our total tax reserves as of March 31, 2024 were $105 million, compared with $109 million at Dec. 31, 2023. If these tax reserves were unnecessary, $105 million would affect the effective tax rate in future periods. We recognize accrued interest and penalties, if applicable, related to income taxes in income tax expense. Included in the balance sheet at March 31, 2024 is accrued interest, where applicable, of $33 million. The additional tax benefit related to interest for the three months ended March 31, 2024 was $5 million, compared with $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

It is reasonably possible the total reserve for uncertain tax positions could decrease within the next 12 months by approximately $10 million as a result of adjustments related to tax years that are still subject to examination.

Our federal income tax returns are closed to examination through 2016. Our New York State and New York City income tax returns are closed to examination through 2014. Our UK income tax returns are closed to examination through 2020.

Note 12–Variable interest entities

We have variable interests in variable interest entities (“VIEs”), which include investments in retail, institutional and alternative investment funds.

We earn management fees from these funds, as well as performance fees in certain funds, and may also provide start-up capital for new funds. The funds are primarily financed by our customers’ investments in the funds’ equity or debt.

Additionally, we invest in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects, which are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of tax credits. The projects, which are structured as limited partnerships and limited liability companies, are also VIEs, but are not consolidated.

The following table presents the incremental assets and liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023. The net assets of any consolidated VIE are solely available to settle the liabilities of the VIE and to settle any investors’ ownership liquidation requests, including any seed capital we invested in the VIE.


Consolidated investment management funds
	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)

Trading assets	$	547		$	510
Other assets	21			16
Total assets (a)	$	568		$	526

Other liabilities	$	5		$	1
Total liabilities (b)	$	5		$	1
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests (c)	$	111		$	50

(a) Includes voting model entities (“VMEs”) with assets of $51 million at March 31, 2024 and $91 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

(b) Includes VMEs with liabilities of $1 million at March 31, 2024 and $1 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

(c) Includes VMEs with nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of $3 million at March 31, 2024 and $12 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

We have not provided financial or other support that was not otherwise contractually required to be provided to our VIEs. Additionally, creditors of any consolidated VIEs do not have any recourse to the general credit of BNY Mellon.

Non-consolidated VIEs

As of March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, assets and liabilities related to the VIEs where we are not the primary beneficiary were included in other assets and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet and primarily related to accounting for our investments in qualified affordable housing and renewable energy projects.

The maximum loss exposure indicated in the following table relates solely to our investments in, and unfunded commitments to, the VIEs.


Non-consolidated VIEs	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)	(a)
Other assets	$	2,212	$	2,261
Other liabilities	777		780
Maximum loss exposure	2,990		3,041

74 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 13–Preferred stock

The Parent has 100 million authorized shares of preferred stock with a par value of $0.01 per share. The following table summarizes the Parent’s preferred stock issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023.


Preferred stock summary (a)		Total shares issued and outstanding			Carrying value (b)
		(in millions)
		March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	March 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
	Per annum dividend rate (c)
Series A	Greater of (i) SOFR plus 0.565% and (ii) 4.000%	5,001	5,001		$	500	$	500
Series F	4.625% to but excluding Sept. 20, 2026, then SOFR plus 3.131%	10,000	10,000		990		990
Series G	4.700% to but excluding Sept. 20, 2025, then a floating rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 4.358%	10,000	10,000		990		990
Series H	3.700% to but excluding March 20, 2026, then a floating rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 3.352%	5,825	5,825		576		576
Series I	3.750% to but excluding Dec. 20, 2026, then a floating rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 2.630%	13,000	13,000		1,287		1,287
Total		43,826	43,826		$	4,343	$	4,343

(a) All outstanding preferred stock is noncumulative perpetual preferred stock with a liquidation preference of $100,000 per share.

(b) The carrying value of the Series F, Series G, Series H and Series I preferred stock is recorded net of issuance costs.

(c) References to SOFR are to a floating rate equal to the three-month CME Term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26161% per annum).

The table below presents the Parent’s preferred dividends.


Preferred dividends
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)		Depositary shares per share			1Q24				4Q23					1Q23
	Per share	Total dividend		Per share	Total dividend				Per share		Total dividend
Series A		100	(a)		$	1,566.46	$	8	$	1,573.41	$	7		$	1,327.72	$	7
Series D		100			N/A		N/A		2,052.42		21		(b)	—		—

Series F		100			2,312.50		23		—		—			2,312.50		23
Series G		100			2,350.00		24		—		—			2,350.00		24
Series H		100			925.00		5		925.00		5			925.00		5
Series I		100			937.50		12		937.50		13			937.50		12
Total							$	72			$	46				$	71

(a) Represents Normal Preferred Capital Securities.

(b) Includes deferred fees of approximately $10 million related to the redemption of Series D preferred stock.

N/A - Not applicable.

In December 2023, all of the outstanding shares of the Series D preferred stock were redeemed.

All of the outstanding shares of the Series A preferred stock are owned by Mellon Capital IV, a 100% owned finance subsidiary of the Parent, which will pass through any dividend on the Series A preferred stock to the holders of its Normal Preferred Capital Securities. The Parent’s obligations under the trust and other agreements relating to Mellon Capital IV

have the effect of providing a full and unconditional guarantee, on a subordinated basis, of payments due on the Normal Preferred Capital Securities. No other subsidiary of the Parent guarantees the securities of Mellon Capital IV.

For additional information on our preferred stock, see Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report.

BNY Mellon 75


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 14–Other comprehensive income (loss)


Components of other comprehensive income (loss)	Quarter ended
March 31, 2024							Dec. 31, 2023							March 31, 2023
(in millions)	Pre-tax amount		Tax (expense) benefit		After-tax amount			Pre-tax amount		Tax (expense) benefit		After-tax amount			Pre-tax amount		Tax (expense) benefit		After-tax amount
Foreign currency translation:
Foreign currency translation adjustments arising during the period (a)	$	(44)	$	(47)	$	(91)		$	172	$	85	$	257		$	77	$	26	$	103
Total foreign currency translation	(44)		(47)		(91)			172		85		257			77		26		103
Unrealized gain on assets available-for-sale:
Unrealized gain arising during period	137		(34)		103			921		(223)		698			419		(102)		317
Reclassification adjustment (b)	1		—		1			48		(11)		37			1		—		1
Net unrealized gain on assets available-for-sale	138		(34)		104			969		(234)		735			420		(102)		318
Defined benefit plans:
Net (loss) arising during the period	—		—		—			(107)		32		(75)			—		—		—
Foreign exchange adjustment	—		—		—			(1)		—		(1)			—		—		—
Amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost (b)	3		—		3			(5)		3		(2)			(4)		1		(3)
Total defined benefit plans	3		—		3			(113)		35		(78)			(4)		1		(3)
Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges:
Unrealized hedge gain arising during period	4		(1)		3			1		(1)		—			4		(1)		3
Reclassification of net (gain) loss to net income:
Foreign exchange (“FX”) contracts – staff expense	(2)		—		(2)			(1)		—		(1)			3		(1)		2
FX contracts – investment and other revenue	—		—		—			(1)		—		(1)			—		—		—

Total reclassifications to net income	(2)		—		(2)			(2)		—		(2)			3		(1)		2
Net unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedges	2		(1)		1			(1)		(1)		(2)			7		(2)		5
Total other comprehensive income	$	99	$	(82)	$	17		$	1,027	$	(115)	$	912		$	500	$	(77)	$	423

(a) Includes the impact of hedges of net investments in foreign subsidiaries. See Note 17 for additional information.

(b) The reclassification adjustment related to the unrealized gain (loss) on assets available-for-sale is recorded as net securities gains (losses), which is included in investment and other revenue on the consolidated income statement. The amortization of prior service credit, net loss and initial obligation included in net periodic benefit cost is recorded as other expense on the consolidated income statement.

Note 15–Fair value measurement

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. A three-level hierarchy for fair value measurements is utilized based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. BNY Mellon’s own creditworthiness is considered when valuing liabilities. See Note 20 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report for

information on how we determine fair value and the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables present the financial instruments carried at fair value at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, by caption on the consolidated balance sheet and by the three-level valuation hierarchy. We have included credit ratings information in certain of the tables because the information indicates the degree of credit risk to which we are exposed, and significant changes in ratings classifications could result in increased risk for us.

76 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2024												Total carrying value
(dollars in millions)	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Netting (a)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
Non-U.S. government (b)	$	3,880		$	20,437		$	—		$	—	$	24,317
U.S. Treasury	20,188			—			—			—		20,188
Agency RMBS	—			16,617			—			—		16,617
Agency commercial MBS	—			7,584			—			—		7,584
Foreign covered bonds	—			7,261			—			—		7,261
CLOs	—			6,265			—			—		6,265
Non-agency commercial MBS	—			2,934			—			—		2,934
U.S. government agencies	—			2,736			—			—		2,736
Non-agency RMBS	—			1,703			—			—		1,703
Other ABS	—			899			—			—		899
Other debt securities	—			1			—			—		1
Total available-for-sale securities	24,068			66,437			—			—		90,505
Trading assets:
Debt instruments	1,793			1,919			—			—		3,712
Equity instruments	5,060			—			—			—		5,060
Derivative assets not designated as hedging:
Interest rate	8			947			—			(853)		102
Foreign exchange	—			4,668			—			(3,464)		1,204
Equity and other contracts	—			7			—			(7)		—
Total derivative assets not designated as hedging	8			5,622			—			(4,324)		1,306
Total trading assets	6,861			7,541			—			(4,324)		10,078
Other assets:
Derivative assets designated as hedging:
Interest rate	—			278			—			—		278
Foreign exchange	—			106			—			—		106
Total derivative assets designated as hedging	—			384			—			—		384
Other assets (c)	431			456			—			—		887
Total other assets	431			840			—			—		1,271
Assets measured at NAV (c)												166
Total assets	$	31,360		$	74,818		$	—		$	(4,324)	$	102,020
Percentage of total assets prior to netting	30		%	70		%	—		%




Liabilities:
Trading liabilities:
Debt instruments	$	1,362		$	30		$	—		$	—	$	1,392
Equity instruments	20			—			—			—		20
Derivative liabilities not designated as hedging:
Interest rate	2			1,306			—			(536)		772
Foreign exchange	—			4,380			—			(3,517)		863
Equity and other contracts	3			98			—			(48)		53
Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging	5			5,784			—			(4,101)		1,688
Total trading liabilities	1,387			5,814			—			(4,101)		3,100
Other liabilities:
Derivative liabilities designated as hedging:

Foreign exchange	—			48			—			—		48
Total derivative liabilities designated as hedging	—			48			—			—		48
Other liabilities	—			22			—			—		22
Total other liabilities	—			70			—			—		70
Total liabilities	$	1,387		$	5,884		$	—		$	(4,101)	$	3,170
Percentage of total liabilities prior to netting	19		%	81		%	—		%

(a) ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging, permits the netting of derivative receivables and derivative payables under legally enforceable master netting agreements and permits the netting of cash collateral. Netting is applicable to derivatives not designated as hedging instruments included in trading assets or trading liabilities and derivatives designated as hedging instruments included in other assets or other liabilities. Netting is allocated to the derivative products based on the net fair value of each product.

(b) Includes supranational securities.

(c) Includes seed capital, private equity investments and other assets.

BNY Mellon 77


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis at Dec. 31, 2023												Total carrying value
(dollars in millions)	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Netting (a)
Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
Non-U.S. government (b)	$	2,439		$	15,943		$	—		$	—	$	18,382
U.S. Treasury	16,604			—			—			—		16,604
Agency RMBS	—			13,111			—			—		13,111
Agency commercial MBS	—			7,729			—			—		7,729
Foreign covered bonds	—			6,334			—			—		6,334
CLOs	—			6,137			—			—		6,137
Non-agency commercial MBS	—			2,935			—			—		2,935
U.S. government agencies	—			2,901			—			—		2,901
Non-agency RMBS	—			1,740			—			—		1,740
Other ABS	—			943			—			—		943
Other debt securities	—			1			—			—		1
Total available-for-sale securities	19,043			57,774			—			—		76,817
Trading assets:
Debt instruments	1,246			2,255			—			—		3,501
Equity instruments	4,518			—			—			—		4,518
Derivative assets not designated as hedging:
Interest rate	7			1,053			—			(751)		309
Foreign exchange	—			9,227			—			(7,498)		1,729
Equity and other contracts	—			8			—			(7)		1
Total derivative assets not designated as hedging	7			10,288			—			(8,256)		2,039
Total trading assets	5,771			12,543			—			(8,256)		10,058
Other assets:
Derivative assets designated as hedging:
Interest rate	—			214			—			—		214
Foreign exchange	—			22			—			—		22
Total derivative assets designated as hedging	—			236			—			—		236
Other assets (c)	486			386			—			—		872
Total other assets	486			622			—			—		1,108
Assets measured at NAV (c)												153
Total assets	$	25,300		$	70,939		$	—		$	(8,256)	$	88,136
Percentage of total assets prior to netting	26		%	74		%	—		%




Liabilities:
Trading liabilities:
Debt instruments	$	2,508		$	12		$	—		$	—	$	2,520
Equity instruments	23			—			—			—		23
Derivative liabilities not designated as hedging:
Interest rate	8			1,339			—			(635)		712
Foreign exchange	—			9,282			—			(6,341)		2,941
Equity and other contracts	9			135			—			(114)		30
Total derivative liabilities not designated as hedging	17			10,756			—			(7,090)		3,683
Total trading liabilities	2,548			10,768			—			(7,090)		6,226
Other liabilities:
Derivative liabilities designated as hedging:

Foreign exchange	—			173			—			—		173
Total derivative liabilities designated as hedging	—			173			—			—		173
Other liabilities	—			22			—			—		22
Total other liabilities	—			195			—			—		195
Total liabilities	$	2,548		$	10,963		$	—		$	(7,090)	$	6,421
Percentage of total liabilities prior to netting	19		%	81		%	—		%

(b) Includes supranational securities.

(c) Includes seed capital, private equity investments and other assets.

78 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Details of certain available-for-sale securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	March 31, 2024													Dec. 31, 2023
Total carrying value (b)			Ratings (a)											Total carrying value (b)			Ratings (a)
AAA/ AA-	A+/ A-		BBB+/ BBB-	BB+ and lower		Not rated				AAA/ AA-		A+/ A-		BBB+/ BBB-	BB+ and lower		Not rated
(dollars in millions)
Non-agency RMBS, originated in:
2008-2024	$	1,459		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%		$	1,487		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%



2007 and earlier	244			5		12		1		40		42			253			5		13		1		40		41
Total non-agency RMBS	$	1,703		86	%	2	%	—	%	6	%	6	%		$	1,740		86	%	2	%	—	%	6	%	6	%
Non-agency commercial MBS originated in:
2009-2023	$	2,934		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%		$	2,935		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Foreign covered bonds:
Canada	$	2,454		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%		$	2,473		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
UK	1,115			100		—		—		—		—			1,035			100		—		—		—		—
Australia	659			100		—		—		—		—			689			100		—		—		—		—
Germany	647			100		—		—		—		—			664			100		—		—		—		—
Other	2,386			100		—		—		—		—			1,473			100		—		—		—		—
Total foreign covered bonds	$	7,261		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%		$	6,334		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Non-U.S. government:
Germany	$	2,712		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%		$	2,658		100	%	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
UK	2,211			100		—		—		—		—			1,316			100		—		—		—		—
France	1,832			100		—		—		—		—			1,562			100		—		—		—		—
Canada	1,601			90		10		—		—		—			1,336			95		5		—		—		—
Belgium	868			100		—		—		—		—			511			100		—		—		—		—
Spain	612			—		8		92		—		—			293			—		17		83		—		—
Finland	515			100		—		—		—		—			282			100		—		—		—		—
Singapore	500			100		—		—		—		—			302			100		—		—		—		—
Japan	449			—		100		—		—		—			410			—		100		—		—		—
Netherlands	442			100		—		—		—		—			334			100		—		—		—		—
Norway	374			100		—		—		—		—			374			100		—		—		—		—
Other (c)	1,645			61		17		13		9		—			1,348			70		3		17		10		—
Supranational	10,556			100		—		—		—		—			7,656			100		—		—		—		—
Total non-U.S. government:	$	24,317		92	%	4	%	3	%	1	%	—	%		$	18,382		94	%	3	%	2	%	1	%	—	%

(a) Represents ratings by S&P or the equivalent.

(b) At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, non-U.S. government securities were included in Level 1 and Level 2 in the valuation hierarchy. All other assets in the table are Level 2 assets in the valuation hierarchy.

(c) Includes non-investment grade non-U.S. securities related to Brazil of $146 million at March 31, 2024 and $140 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

Under certain circumstances, we make adjustments to the fair value of our assets, liabilities and unfunded lending-related commitments, although they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis. The following table presents the carrying value as of March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023 of financial instruments for which nonrecurring adjustments to fair value have been recorded during 2024 and/or 2023 and all non-readily marketable equity securities carried at cost with upward or downward adjustments by balance sheet caption and level in the fair value hierarchy.


Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	March 31, 2024									Dec. 31, 2023
							Total carrying value								Total carrying value
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3					Level 1	Level 2		Level 3
Loans (a)	$	—	$	27	$	—		$	27		$	—	$	28	$	—	$	28
Other assets (b)	—		495		—			495			—		481		—		481
Total assets at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	522	$	—		$	522		$	—	$	509	$	—	$	509

(a) The fair value of these loans was unchanged in the first quarter of 2024 and the fourth quarter of 2023, based on the fair value of the underlying collateral, as required by guidance in ASC 326, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, with an offset to the allowance for credit losses.

(b) Includes non-readily marketable equity securities carried at cost with upward or downward adjustments and other assets received in satisfaction of debt.

BNY Mellon 79


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Estimated fair value of financial instruments

The following tables present the estimated fair value and the carrying amount of financial instruments not carried at fair value on the consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, by caption on the consolidated balance sheet and by the valuation hierarchy.


Summary of financial instruments	March 31, 2024
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying amount
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	$	—	$	119,197	$	—	$	119,197	$	119,197
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	—		10,647		—		10,647		10,636
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	—		29,661		—		29,661		29,661
Securities held-to-maturity	9,162		34,051		—		43,213		48,404
Loans (a)	—		71,851		—		71,851		72,694
Other financial assets	5,305		2,359		—		7,664		7,664
Total	$	14,467	$	267,766	$	—	$	282,233	$	288,256
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	—	$	63,405	$	—	$	63,405	$	63,405
Interest-bearing deposits	—		241,685		—		241,685		245,615
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	—		15,112		—		15,112		15,112
Payables to customers and broker-dealers	—		19,392		—		19,392		19,392

Borrowings	—		1,202		—		1,202		1,202
Long-term debt	—		31,549		—		31,549		32,396
Total	$	—	$	372,345	$	—	$	372,345	$	377,122

(a) Does not include the leasing portfolio.


Summary of financial instruments	Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying amount
Assets:
Interest-bearing deposits with the Federal Reserve and other central banks	$	—	$	111,550	$	—	$	111,550	$	111,550
Interest-bearing deposits with banks	—		12,134		—		12,134		12,139
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	—		28,900		—		28,900		28,900
Securities held-to-maturity	9,545		35,166		—		44,711		49,578
Loans (a)	—		65,026		—		65,026		65,977
Other financial assets	4,922		2,149		—		7,071		7,071
Total	$	14,467	$	254,925	$	—	$	269,392	$	275,215
Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	—	$	58,274	$	—	$	58,274	$	58,274
Interest-bearing deposits	—		221,463		—		221,463		225,395
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under repurchase agreements	—		14,507		—		14,507		14,507
Payables to customers and broker-dealers	—		18,395		—		18,395		18,395
Borrowings	—		1,274		—		1,274		1,274
Long-term debt	—		30,596		—		30,596		31,257
Total	$	—	$	344,509	$	—	$	344,509	$	349,102

(a) Does not include the leasing portfolio.

80 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 16–Fair value option

We elected fair value as an alternative measurement for selected financial assets and liabilities that are not otherwise required to be measured at fair value, including the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds and subordinated notes associated with certain equity investments.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value.


Assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds, at fair value
	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
Assets of consolidated investment management funds:
Trading assets	$	547	$	510
Other assets	21		16
Total assets of consolidated investment management funds	$	568	$	526
Liabilities of consolidated investment management funds:

Other liabilities	$	5	$	1
Total liabilities of consolidated investment management funds	$	5	$	1

The assets and liabilities of the consolidated investment management funds are included in other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet. We value the assets and liabilities of consolidated investment management funds using quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets or observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities. Quoted prices for either identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets may also be used. Accordingly, fair value best reflects the interests BNY Mellon holds in the economic performance of the consolidated investment management funds. Changes in the fair value of the assets and liabilities are recorded as income (loss) from consolidated investment management funds, which is included in investment and other revenue on the consolidated income statement.

We elected the fair value option on subordinated notes associated with certain equity investments. The fair value of these subordinated notes was $4 million at March 31, 2024 and $4 million at Dec. 31, 2023. The subordinated notes were valued using observable market inputs and included in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.

Note 17–Derivative instruments

We use derivatives to manage exposure to market risk, including interest rate risk, equity price risk and foreign currency risk, as well as credit risk. Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers and facilitating customer trades in compliance with the Volcker Rule.

The notional amounts for derivative financial instruments express the dollar volume of the transactions; however, credit risk is much smaller. We perform credit reviews and enter into netting agreements and collateral arrangements to minimize the credit risk of derivative financial instruments. We enter into offsetting positions to reduce exposure to foreign currency, interest rate and equity price risk.

Use of derivative financial instruments involves reliance on counterparties. Failure of a counterparty to honor its obligation under a derivative contract is a risk we assume whenever we engage in a derivative contract. There were no counterparty default losses recorded in the first quarter of 2024.

Hedging derivatives

We utilize interest rate swap agreements to manage our exposure to interest rate fluctuations. We enter into fair value hedges as an interest rate risk management strategy to reduce fair value variability by converting certain fixed rate interest payments associated with available-for-sale securities, loans and long-term debt to floating interest rates. We also utilize interest rate swaps and forward exchange contracts as cash flow hedges to manage our exposure to interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes.

The available-for-sale securities hedged consist of U.S. Treasury, agency and non-agency commercial MBS, non-U.S. government and foreign covered bonds. At March 31, 2024, $33.6 billion par value of available-for-sale securities was hedged with interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that had notional values of $33.6 billion.

At March 31, 2024, $250 million of interest rate swaps was designated as portfolio layer method fair value hedges of loans against a closed portfolio of fixed rate loans of $3.3 billion, essentially converting $250 million of such fixed rate loans to a floating rate.

BNY Mellon 81


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The fixed rate long-term debt instruments hedged generally have original maturities of five to 30 years. In fair value hedging relationships, fixed rate debt is hedged with “receive fixed rate, pay variable rate” swaps. At March 31, 2024, $23.4 billion par value of debt was hedged with interest rate swaps designated as fair value hedges that had notional values of $23.4 billion.

In addition, we utilize forward foreign exchange contracts as hedges to mitigate foreign exchange exposures. We use forward foreign exchange contracts as cash flow hedges to convert certain forecasted non-U.S. dollar revenue and expenses into U.S. dollars. We use forward foreign exchange contracts with maturities of 15 months or less as cash flow hedges to hedge our foreign exchange exposure to currencies such as the Indian rupee, Polish zloty, Hong Kong dollar, Singapore dollar, British pound and euro used in revenue and expense transactions for entities that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. As of March 31, 2024, the hedged forecasted foreign currency transactions and designated forward foreign exchange contract hedges were $689 million (notional), with a net pre-tax gain of $5 million recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (“OCI”). Over the next 12 months, a gain of $5 million will be reclassified into earnings.

From time to time, we have utilized forward foreign exchange contracts as fair value hedges of the foreign exchange risk associated with available-for-sale securities. Forward points are designated as an excluded component and amortized into earnings over the hedge period. At March 31, 2024, there were no remaining foreign exchange contracts.

Forward foreign exchange contracts are also used to hedge the value of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. These forward foreign exchange contracts have maturities of less than one year. The derivatives employed are designated as hedges of changes in value of our foreign investments due to exchange rates. The change in fair market value of these forward foreign exchange contracts is reported within foreign currency translation adjustments in shareholders’ equity, net of tax. At March 31, 2024, forward foreign exchange contracts with notional amounts totaling $10.6 billion were designated as net investment hedges.

From time to time, we also designate non-derivative financial instruments as hedges of our net investments in foreign subsidiaries. At March 31, 2024, there were no non-derivative financial instruments hedging our net investments in foreign subsidiaries.

The following table presents the pre-tax gains (losses) related to our fair value and cash flow hedging activities recognized in the consolidated income statement.


Income statement impact of fair value and cash flow hedges
(in millions)	Location of gains (losses)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23
Interest rate fair value hedges of available-for-sale securities
Derivative	Interest income	$	449	$	(1,023)	$	(435)
Hedged item	Interest income	(449)		1,022		434
Interest rate fair value hedges of long-term debt
Derivative	Interest expense	(221)		645		279
Hedged item	Interest expense	221		(645)		(279)
Interest rate fair value hedges of loans
Derivative	Interest expense	(1)		—		—
Hedged item	Interest expense	1		—		—





Cash flow hedges of forecasted FX exposures


Gain (loss) reclassified from OCI into income	Staff expense	2		1		(3)
Gain reclassified from OCI into income	Investment and other revenue	—		1		—
Gain (loss) recognized in the consolidated income statement due to fair value and cash flow hedging relationships		$	2	$	1	$	(4)

82 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table presents the impact of hedging derivatives used in net investment hedging relationships.


Impact of derivative instruments used in net investment hedging relationships
(in millions)
Derivatives in net investment hedging relationships	Gain or (loss) recognized in accumulated OCI on derivatives						Location of gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income	Gain or (loss) reclassified from accumulated OCI into income
1Q24	4Q23		1Q23					1Q24	4Q23	1Q23
FX contracts	$	198	$	(355)	$	(111)			Net interest income	$	—	$	—	$	—

The following table presents information on the hedged items in fair value hedging relationships.


Hedged items in fair value hedging relationships	Carrying amount of hedged asset or liability				Hedge accounting basis adjustment increase (decrease) (a)


(in millions)	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities (b)(c)	$	33,228	$	29,941	$	(2,161)	$	(1,767)
Loans (d)	$	251	$	—	$	1	$	—
Long-term debt	$	22,288	$	21,854	$	(1,062)	$	(846)

(a) Includes $405 million and $434 million of basis adjustment decreases on discontinued hedges associated with available-for-sale securities at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, respectively, and $21 million and $26 million of basis adjustment decreases on discontinued hedges associated with long-term debt at March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, respectively.

(b) Carrying amount represents the amortized cost.

(c) At March 31, 2024, the amortized cost of the available-for-sale securities included in closed portfolios subject to portfolio layer method hedging was $5.3 billion, of which $2.5 billion was designated as hedged. The cumulative basis adjustments for active hedging relationships associated with such hedges as of March 31, 2024 was a decrease of $12 million.

(d) At March 31, 2024, loans included in closed portfolios subject to portfolio layer method hedging was $3.3 billion, of which $250 million was designated as hedged. The cumulative basis adjustment for active hedging relationships associated with such hedged as of March 31, 2024 was an increase of $1 million.

The following table summarizes the notional amount and carrying values of our total derivative portfolio.


Impact of derivative instruments on the balance sheet	Notional value				Asset derivatives fair value				Liability derivatives fair value
	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023		March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: (a)(b)
Interest rate contracts	$	57,161	$	52,808	$	278	$	214	$	—	$	—
Foreign exchange contracts	11,243		11,099		106		22		48		173
Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments					$	384	$	236	$	48	$	173
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: (b)(c)
Interest rate contracts	$	157,599	$	155,535	$	955	$	1,060	$	1,308	$	1,347
Foreign exchange contracts	1,016,850		944,241		4,668		9,227		4,380		9,282
Equity contracts	4,351		3,886		7		8		96		138
Credit contracts	255		220		—		—		5		6
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments					$	5,630	$	10,295	$	5,789	$	10,773
Total derivatives fair value (d)					$	6,014	$	10,531	$	5,837	$	10,946
Effect of master netting agreements (e)					(4,324)		(8,256)		(4,101)		(7,090)
Fair value after effect of master netting agreements					$	1,690	$	2,275	$	1,736	$	3,856

(a) The fair value of asset derivatives and liability derivatives designated as hedging instruments is recorded as other assets and other liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.

(b) For derivative transactions settled at clearing organizations, cash collateral exchanged is deemed a settlement of the derivative each day. The settlement reduces the gross fair value of derivative assets and liabilities and results in a corresponding decrease in the effect of master netting agreements, with no impact to the consolidated balance sheet.

(c) The fair value of asset derivatives and liability derivatives not designated as hedging instruments is recorded as trading assets and trading liabilities, respectively, on the consolidated balance sheet.

(d) Fair values are on a gross basis, before consideration of master netting agreements, as required by ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

(e) Effect of master netting agreements includes cash collateral received and paid of $998 million and $775 million, respectively, at March 31, 2024, and $2,353 million and $1,187 million, respectively, at Dec. 31, 2023.

BNY Mellon 83


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Trading activities (including trading derivatives)

Our trading activities are focused on acting as a market-maker for our customers, facilitating customer trades and risk-mitigating economic hedging in compliance with the Volcker Rule. The change in the fair value of the derivatives utilized in our trading activities is recorded in foreign exchange revenue and investment and other revenue on the consolidated income statement.

The following table presents our foreign exchange revenue and other trading revenue.


Foreign exchange revenue and other trading revenue
(in millions)	1Q24		4Q23		1Q23
Foreign exchange revenue	$	152	$	143	$	176
Other trading revenue	69		47		45

Foreign exchange revenue includes income from purchasing and selling foreign currencies, currency forwards, futures and options as well as foreign currency remeasurement. Other trading revenue reflects results from trading in cash instruments, including fixed income and equity securities, and trading and economic hedging activity with non-foreign exchange derivatives.

We also use derivative financial instruments as risk-mitigating economic hedges, which are not formally designated as accounting hedges. This includes hedging the foreign currency, interest rate or market risks inherent in some of our balance sheet exposures, such as seed capital investments and deposits, as well as certain investment management fee revenue streams. We also use total return swaps to economically hedge obligations arising from the Company’s deferred compensation plan whereby the participants defer compensation and earn a return linked to the performance of investments they select. The gains or losses on these total return swaps are recorded in staff expense on the consolidated income statement and was a gain of $11 million in the first quarter of 2024, $7 million in the first quarter of 2023 and $18 million in the fourth quarter of 2023.

We manage trading risk through a system of position limits, a value-at-risk (“VaR”) methodology based on historical simulation and other market sensitivity measures. Risk is monitored and reported to senior management by a separate unit, independent from trading, on a daily basis. Based on certain assumptions, the VaR methodology is designed to

capture the potential overnight pre-tax dollar loss from adverse changes in fair values of all trading positions. The calculation assumes a one-day holding period, utilizes a 99% confidence level and incorporates non-linear product characteristics. The VaR model is one of several statistical models used to develop economic capital results, which are allocated to lines of business for computing risk-adjusted performance.

VaR methodology does not evaluate risk attributable to extraordinary financial, economic or other occurrences. As a result, the risk assessment process includes a number of stress scenarios based upon the risk factors in the portfolio and management’s assessment of market conditions. Additional stress scenarios based upon historical market events are also performed. Stress tests may incorporate the impact of reduced market liquidity and the breakdown of historically observed correlations and extreme scenarios. VaR and other statistical measures, stress testing and sensitivity analysis are incorporated into other risk management materials.

Counterparty credit risk and collateral

We assess the credit risk of our counterparties through regular examination of their financial statements, confidential communication with the management of those counterparties and regular monitoring of publicly available credit rating information. This and other information is used to develop proprietary credit rating metrics used to assess credit quality.

Collateral requirements are determined after a comprehensive review of the credit quality of each counterparty. Collateral is generally held or pledged in the form of cash and/or highly liquid government securities. Collateral requirements are monitored and adjusted daily.

Additional disclosures concerning derivative financial instruments are provided in Note 15.

Disclosure of contingent features in over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivative instruments

Certain OTC derivative contracts and/or collateral agreements contain credit risk-contingent features triggered upon a rating downgrade in which the counterparty has the right to request additional collateral or the right to terminate the contracts in a net liability position.

84 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of OTC derivative contracts in net liability positions that contained credit risk-contingent features and the value of collateral that has been posted.


	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
Aggregate fair value of OTC derivatives in net liability positions (a)	$	1,002	$	1,003
Collateral posted	$	1,009	$	1,001

(a) Before consideration of cash collateral.

The aggregate fair value of OTC derivative contracts containing credit risk-contingent features can fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to changes in market conditions, composition of counterparty trades, new business or changes to the contingent features.

The Bank of New York Mellon, our largest banking subsidiary, enters into the substantial majority of our OTC derivative contracts and/or collateral agreements. As such, the contingent features may be triggered if The Bank of New York Mellon’s long-term issuer rating were downgraded.

The following table shows the fair value of contracts falling under early termination provisions that were in net liability positions for three key ratings triggers.


Potential close-out exposures (fair value) (a)
	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
If The Bank of New York Mellon’s rating changed to: (b)
A3/A-	$	82	$	115
Baa2/BBB	$	418	$	792
Ba1/BB+	$	968	$	1,920

(a) The amounts represent potential total close-out values if The Bank of New York Mellon’s long-term issuer rating were to immediately drop to the indicated levels, and do not reflect collateral posted.

(b) Represents ratings by Moody’s/S&P.

If The Bank of New York Mellon’s debt rating had fallen below investment grade on March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, existing collateral arrangements would have required us to post additional collateral of $283 million and $235 million, respectively.

Offsetting assets and liabilities

The following tables present derivative and financial instruments and their related offsets. There were no derivative instruments or financial instruments subject to a legally enforceable netting agreement for which we are not currently netting.


Offsetting of derivative assets and financial assets at March 31, 2024
	Gross assets recognized		Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet			Net assets recognized in the balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)	(a)		Financial instruments		Cash collateral received	Net amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts	$	1,016	$	853		$	163	$	31	$	—	$	132
Foreign exchange contracts	4,546		3,464			1,082		62		—		1,020
Equity and other contracts	7		7			—		—		—		—
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements	5,569		4,324			1,245		93		—		1,152
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements	445		—			445		—		—		445
Total derivatives	6,014		4,324			1,690		93		—		1,597
Reverse repurchase agreements	179,182		162,579		(b)	16,603		16,581		—		22
Securities borrowing	13,058		—			13,058		12,365		—		693
Total	$	198,254	$	166,903		$	31,351	$	29,039	$	—	$	2,312

(a) Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral received. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.

(b) Offsetting of reverse repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”), where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.

BNY Mellon 85


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Offsetting of derivative assets and financial assets at Dec. 31, 2023
	Gross assets recognized		Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet			Net assets recognized in the balance sheet		Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)	(a)		Financial instruments		Cash collateral received	Net amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts	$	979	$	751		$	228	$	60	$	—	$	168
Foreign exchange contracts	8,552		7,498			1,054		320		—		734
Equity and other contracts	7		7			—		—		—		—
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements	9,538		8,256			1,282		380		—		902
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements	993		—			993		—		—		993
Total derivatives	10,531		8,256			2,275		380		—		1,895
Reverse repurchase agreements	169,092		150,667		(b)	18,425		18,422		—		3
Securities borrowing	10,475		—			10,475		10,011		—		464
Total	$	190,098	$	158,923		$	31,175	$	28,813	$	—	$	2,362

(b) Offsetting of reverse repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.


Offsetting of derivative liabilities and financial liabilities at March 31, 2024						Net liabilities recognized in the balance sheet
	Gross liabilities recognized		Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet			Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)	(a)		Financial instruments		Cash collateral pledged	Net amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts	$	1,002	$	536		$	466	$	55	$	—	$	411
Foreign exchange contracts	4,205		3,517			688		150		—		538
Equity and other contracts	90		48			42		18		—		24
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements	5,297		4,101			1,196		223		—		973
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements	540		—			540		—		—		540
Total derivatives	5,837		4,101			1,736		223		—		1,513
Repurchase agreements	174,752		162,579		(b)	12,173		12,156		17		—
Securities lending	2,939		—			2,939		2,839		—		100
Total	$	183,528	$	166,680		$	16,848	$	15,218	$	17	$	1,613

(a) Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral paid. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.

(b) Offsetting of repurchase agreements relates to our involvement in the FICC, where we settle government securities transactions on a net basis for payment and delivery through the Fedwire system.

86 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)


Offsetting of derivative liabilities and financial liabilities at Dec. 31, 2023						Net liabilities recognized in the balance sheet
	Gross liabilities recognized		Gross amounts offset in the balance sheet			Gross amounts not offset in the balance sheet
(in millions)	(a)		Financial instruments		Cash collateral pledged	Net amount
Derivatives subject to netting arrangements:
Interest rate contracts	$	1,118	$	635		$	483	$	78	$	—	$	405
Foreign exchange contracts	8,454		6,341			2,113		93		—		2,020
Equity and other contracts	128		114			14		—		—		14
Total derivatives subject to netting arrangements	9,700		7,090			2,610		171		—		2,439
Total derivatives not subject to netting arrangements	1,246		—			1,246		—		—		1,246
Total derivatives	10,946		7,090			3,856		171		—		3,685
Repurchase agreements	162,661		150,667		(b)	11,994		11,966		28		—
Securities lending	2,513		—			2,513		2,404		—		109
Total	$	176,120	$	157,757		$	18,363	$	14,541	$	28	$	3,794

(a) Includes the effect of netting agreements and net cash collateral paid. The offset related to the OTC derivatives was allocated to the various types of derivatives based on the net positions.

Secured borrowings

The following table presents the contract value of repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings by the type of collateral provided to counterparties.


Repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions accounted for as secured borrowings
	March 31, 2024											Dec. 31, 2023
	Remaining contractual maturity								Total			Remaining contractual maturity								Total
(in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30-90 days		Over 90 days				Overnight and continuous	Up to 30 days		30-90 days		Over 90 days
Repurchase agreements:
U.S. Treasury	$	135,849	$	50	$	1,613	$	398	$	137,910		$	128,304	$	15	$	1,409	$	510	$	130,238
Agency RMBS	28,705		1		814		419		29,939			25,815		—		896		120		26,831
Sovereign debt/sovereign guaranteed	912		1,649		—		—		2,561			1,049		—		—		—		1,049
Corporate bonds	97		121		1,348		583		2,149			103		72		1,315		590		2,080
State and political subdivisions	43		33		496		241		813			37		38		449		257		781
U.S. government agencies	28		—		122		62		212			44		—		61		32		137
Other debt securities	106		100		49		2		257			4		180		73		24		281
Equity securities	—		44		533		334		911			—		10		1,172		82		1,264
Total	$	165,740	$	1,998	$	4,975	$	2,039	$	174,752		$	155,356	$	315	$	5,375	$	1,615	$	162,661
Securities lending:
Agency RMBS	$	103	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	103		$	111	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	111
Other debt securities	45		—		—		—		45			25		—		—		—		25
Equity securities	2,791		—		—		—		2,791			2,377		—		—		—		2,377
Total	$	2,939	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,939		$	2,513	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,513
Total secured borrowings	$	168,679	$	1,998	$	4,975	$	2,039	$	177,691		$	157,869	$	315	$	5,375	$	1,615	$	165,174

BNY Mellon’s repurchase agreements and securities lending transactions primarily encounter risk associated with liquidity. We are required to pledge collateral based on predetermined terms within the agreements. If we were to experience a decline in the fair value of the collateral pledged for these transactions, we could be required to provide

additional collateral to the counterparty, therefore decreasing the amount of assets available for other liquidity needs that may arise. BNY Mellon also offers tri-party collateral agency services in the tri-party repo market where we are exposed to credit risk. In order to mitigate this risk, we require dealers to fully secure intraday credit.

BNY Mellon 87


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 18–Commitments and contingent liabilities

Off-balance sheet arrangements

In the normal course of business, various commitments and contingent liabilities are outstanding that are not reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

Our significant trading and off-balance sheet risks are securities, foreign currency and interest rate risk management products, commercial lending commitments, letters of credit and securities lending indemnifications. We assume these risks to reduce interest rate and foreign currency risks, to provide customers with the ability to meet credit and liquidity needs and to hedge foreign currency and interest rate risks. These items involve, to varying degrees, credit, foreign currency and interest rate risks not recognized on the balance sheet. Our off-balance sheet risks are managed and monitored in manners similar to those used for on-balance sheet risks.

The following table presents a summary of our off-balance sheet credit risks.


Off-balance sheet credit risks	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023
(in millions)
Lending commitments	$	49,872	$	46,518
Standby letters of credit (“SBLC”) (a)	1,694		1,816
Commercial letters of credit	66		41
Securities lending indemnifications (b)(c)	541,366		492,739

*(a)*Net of participations totaling $135 million at March 31, 2024 and $163 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

*(b)*Excludes the indemnification for securities for which BNY Mellon acts as an agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, which totaled $59 billion at March 31, 2024 and $59 billion at Dec. 31, 2023.

*(c)*Includes cash collateral, invested in indemnified repurchase agreements, held by us as securities lending agent of $58 billion at March 31, 2024 and $45 billion at Dec. 31, 2023.

The total potential loss on undrawn lending commitments, standby and commercial letters of credit and securities lending indemnifications is equal to the total notional amount if drawn upon, which does not consider the value of any collateral.

Since many of the lending commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amount does not necessarily represent future cash requirements. A summary of lending commitment

maturities is as follows: $30.3 billion in less than one year, $19.1 billion in one to five years and $471 million over five years.

SBLCs principally support obligations of corporate clients and were collateralized with cash and securities of $162 million at March 31, 2024 and $158 million at Dec. 31, 2023. At March 31, 2024, $1.2 billion of the SBLCs will expire within one year, $466 million in one to five years and $8 million over five years.

We must recognize, at the inception of an SBLC and foreign and other guarantees, a liability for the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. The fair value of the liability, which was recorded with a corresponding asset in other assets, was estimated as the present value of contractual customer fees. The estimated liability for losses related to SBLCs and foreign and other guarantees, if any, is included in the allowance for lending-related commitments.

Payment/performance risk of SBLCs is monitored using both historical performance and internal ratings criteria. BNY Mellon’s historical experience is that SBLCs typically expire without being funded. SBLCs below investment grade are monitored closely for payment/performance risk. The table below shows SBLCs by investment grade:


Standby letters of credit	March 31, 2024		Dec. 31, 2023

Investment grade	71	%	74	%
Non-investment grade	29	%	26	%

A commercial letter of credit is normally a short-term instrument used to finance a commercial contract for the shipment of goods from a seller to a buyer. Although the commercial letter of credit is contingent upon the satisfaction of specified conditions, it represents a credit exposure if the buyer defaults on the underlying transaction. As a result, the total contractual amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. Commercial letters of credit totaled $66 million at March 31, 2024 and $41 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

We expect many of the lending commitments and letters of credit to expire without the need to advance any cash. The revenue associated with guarantees frequently depends on the credit rating of the obligor and the structure of the transaction, including

88 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

collateral, if any. The allowance for lending-related commitments was $81 million at March 31, 2024 and $87 million at Dec. 31, 2023.

A securities lending transaction is a fully collateralized transaction in which the owner of a security agrees to lend the security (typically through an agent, in our case, The Bank of New York Mellon) to a borrower, usually a broker-dealer or bank, on an open, overnight or term basis, under the terms of a prearranged contract.

We typically lend securities with indemnification against borrower default. We generally require the borrower to provide collateral with a minimum value of 102% of the fair value of the securities borrowed, which is monitored on a daily basis, thus reducing credit risk. Market risk can also arise in securities lending transactions. These risks are controlled through policies limiting the level of risk that can be undertaken. Securities lending transactions are generally entered into only with highly rated counterparties. Securities lending indemnifications were secured by collateral of $569 billion at March 31, 2024 and $518 billion at Dec. 31, 2023.

CIBC Mellon, a joint venture between BNY Mellon and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (“CIBC”), engages in securities lending activities. CIBC Mellon, BNY Mellon and CIBC jointly and severally indemnify securities lenders against specific types of borrower default. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, $59 billion and $59 billion, respectively, of borrowings at CIBC Mellon, for which BNY Mellon acts as agent on behalf of CIBC Mellon clients, were secured by collateral of $63 billion and $62 billion, respectively. If, upon a default, a borrower’s collateral was not sufficient to cover its related obligations, certain losses related to the indemnification could be covered by the indemnitors.

Unsettled repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements

In the normal course of business, we enter into repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements that settle at a future date. In repurchase agreements, BNY Mellon receives cash from and provides securities as collateral to a counterparty at settlement. In reverse repurchase agreements, BNY Mellon advances cash to and receives securities as collateral from the counterparty at settlement. These

transactions are recorded on the consolidated balance sheet on the settlement date. At March 31, 2024, we had no unsettled repurchase agreements and $85.4 billion of unsettled reverse repurchase agreements. At Dec. 31, 2023, we had no unsettled repurchase agreements and $77.9 billion of unsettled reverse repurchase agreements.

Industry concentrations

We have significant industry concentrations related to credit exposure at March 31, 2024. The tables below present our credit exposure in the financial institutions and commercial portfolios.


Financial institutions portfolio exposure (in billions)	March 31, 2024
Loans	Unfunded commitments		Total exposure
Securities industry	$	2.6	$	17.9	$	20.5
Asset managers	1.4		8.1		9.5
Banks	7.5		1.4		8.9
Insurance	0.1		3.8		3.9
Government	—		0.3		0.3
Other	0.5		0.8		1.3
Total	$	12.1	$	32.3	$	44.4


Commercial portfolio exposure (in billions)	March 31, 2024
Loans	Unfunded commitments		Total exposure
Services and other	$	1.4	$	3.5	$	4.9
Manufacturing	0.8		3.7		4.5
Energy and utilities	0.2		4.0		4.2
Media and telecom	—		0.7		0.7
Total	$	2.4	$	11.9	$	14.3

Major concentrations in securities lending are primarily to broker-dealers and are generally collateralized with cash and/or securities.

Sponsored member repo program

BNY Mellon is a sponsoring member in the FICC sponsored member program, where we submit eligible repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in U.S. Treasury and agency securities (“Sponsored Member Transactions”) between BNY Mellon and our sponsored member clients for novation and clearing through FICC pursuant to the FICC Government Securities Division rulebook (the “FICC Rules”). We also guarantee to FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of our sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC Rules in connection with such

BNY Mellon 89


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

clients’ Sponsored Member Transactions. We minimize our credit exposure under this guaranty by obtaining a security interest in our sponsored member clients’ collateral and rights under Sponsored Member Transactions. See “Offsetting assets and liabilities” in Note 17 for additional information on our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements.

Indemnification arrangements

We have provided standard representations for underwriting agreements, acquisition and divestiture agreements, sales of loans and commitments, and other similar types of arrangements and customary indemnification for claims and legal proceedings related to providing financial services that are not otherwise included above. Insurance has been purchased to mitigate certain of these risks. Generally, there are no stated or notional amounts included in these indemnifications, and the contingencies triggering the obligation for indemnification are not expected to occur. Furthermore, often counterparties to these transactions provide us with comparable indemnifications. We are unable to develop an estimate of the maximum payout under these indemnifications for several reasons. In addition to the lack of a stated or notional amount in a majority of such indemnifications, we are unable to predict the nature of events that would trigger indemnification or the level of indemnification for a certain event. We believe, however, that the possibility that we will have to make any material payments for these indemnifications is remote. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, we have not recorded any material liabilities under these arrangements.

Clearing and settlement exchanges

We are a noncontrolling equity investor in, and/or member of, several industry clearing or settlement exchanges through which foreign exchange, securities, derivatives or other transactions settle. Certain of these industry clearing and settlement exchanges require their members to guarantee their obligations and liabilities and/or to provide liquidity support in the event other members do not honor their obligations. We believe the likelihood that a clearing or settlement exchange (of which we are a member) would become insolvent is remote. Additionally, certain settlement exchanges have implemented loss allocation policies that enable the exchange to allocate settlement losses to the members of the exchange. It is not possible to quantify such mark-to-

market loss until the loss occurs. Any ancillary costs that occur as a result of any mark-to-market loss cannot be quantified. In addition, we also sponsor clients as members on clearing and settlement exchanges and guarantee their obligations. At March 31, 2024 and Dec. 31, 2023, we did not record any material liabilities under these arrangements.

Legal proceedings

In the ordinary course of business, The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely named as defendants in or made parties to pending and potential legal actions. We also are subject to governmental and regulatory examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations and proceedings (both formal and informal). Claims for significant monetary damages are often asserted in many of these legal actions, while claims for disgorgement, restitution, penalties and/or other remedial actions or sanctions may be sought in governmental and regulatory matters. It is inherently difficult to predict the eventual outcomes of such matters given their complexity and the particular facts and circumstances at issue in each of these matters. However, on the basis of our current knowledge and understanding, we do not believe that judgments, settlements or orders, if any, arising from these matters (either individually or in the aggregate, after giving effect to applicable reserves and insurance coverage) will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of BNY Mellon, although they could have a material effect on our results of operations in a given period.

In view of the inherent unpredictability of outcomes in litigation and regulatory matters, particularly where (i) the damages sought are substantial or indeterminate, (ii) the proceedings are in the early stages, or (iii) the matters involve novel legal theories or a large number of parties, as a matter of course there is considerable uncertainty surrounding the timing or ultimate resolution of litigation and regulatory matters, including a possible eventual loss, fine, penalty or business impact, if any, associated with each such matter. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, we establish accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters proceed to a stage where they present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. In such cases, there may be a possible exposure to loss in excess of any amounts accrued. We regularly monitor such matters for developments

90 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

that could affect the amount of the accrual, and will adjust the accrual amount as appropriate. If the loss contingency in question is not both probable and reasonably estimable, we do not establish an accrual and the matter continues to be monitored for any developments that would make the loss contingency both probable and reasonably estimable. We believe that our accruals for legal proceedings are appropriate and, in the aggregate, are not material to the consolidated financial position of BNY Mellon, although future accruals could have a material effect on the results of operations in a given period. In addition, if we have the potential to recover a portion of an estimated loss from a third party, we record a receivable up to the amount of the accrual that is probable of recovery.

For certain of those matters described here for which a loss contingency may, in the future, be reasonably possible (whether in excess of a related accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability), BNY Mellon is currently unable to estimate a range of reasonably possible loss. For those matters described here where BNY Mellon is able to estimate a reasonably possible loss, the aggregate range of such reasonably possible loss is up to $660 million in excess of the accrued liability (if any) related to those matters. For matters where a reasonably possible loss is denominated in a foreign currency, our estimate is adjusted quarterly based on prevailing exchange rates. We do not consider potential recoveries when estimating reasonably possible losses.

The following describes certain judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings involving BNY Mellon:

Mortgage-Securitization Trusts Proceedings

BNY Mellon has been named as a defendant in a number of legal actions brought by MBS investors alleging that the trustee has expansive duties under the governing agreements, including the duty to investigate and pursue breach of representation and warranty claims against other parties to the MBS transactions. Two actions commenced in December 2015 and February 2017 are pending in New York federal court. In New York state court, six actions are pending: one case commenced in May 2016; two related cases commenced in September 2021 and October 2022; and three related cases commenced in October 2021, December 2021 and February 2022.

Matters Related to R. Allen Stanford

In late December 2005, Pershing LLC (“Pershing”) became a clearing firm for Stanford Group Co. (“SGC”), a registered broker-dealer that was part of a group of entities ultimately controlled by R. Allen Stanford (“Stanford”). Stanford International Bank, also controlled by Stanford, issued certificates of deposit (“CDs”). Some investors allegedly wired funds from their SGC accounts to purchase CDs. In 2009, the Securities and Exchange Commission charged Stanford with operating a Ponzi scheme in connection with the sale of CDs, and SGC was placed into receivership. Alleged purchasers of CDs have filed two putative class action proceedings against Pershing: one in November 2009 in Texas federal court, and one in May 2016 in New Jersey federal court. On Nov. 5, 2021, the court dismissed the class action filed in New Jersey and that matter has concluded. Three lawsuits remain against Pershing in Louisiana and New Jersey federal courts, which were filed in January 2010, October 2015 and May 2016. The purchasers allege that Pershing, as SGC’s clearing firm, assisted Stanford in a fraudulent scheme and assert contractual, statutory and common law claims. In March 2019, a group of investors filed a putative class action against The Bank of New York Mellon in New Jersey federal court, making the same allegations as in the prior actions brought against Pershing. On Nov. 12, 2021, the court dismissed the class action against The Bank of New York Mellon; on Dec. 15, 2022, an appeals court reversed the dismissal and returned the case to the trial court for further proceedings. All the cases that have been brought in federal court have been consolidated in Texas federal court for discovery purposes. Various alleged Stanford CD purchasers asserted similar claims in Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) arbitration proceedings.

Brazilian Postalis Litigation

BNY Mellon Servicos Financeiros DTVM S.A. (“DTVM”), a subsidiary that provides asset services in Brazil, acts as administrator for certain investment funds in which a public pension fund for postal workers called Postalis-Instituto de Seguridade Social dos Correios e Telégrafos (“Postalis”) invested. On Aug. 22, 2014, Postalis sued DTVM in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil for losses related to a Postalis fund for which DTVM is administrator. Postalis alleges that DTVM failed to properly perform duties, including to conduct due diligence of and exert control over the manager. On March 12, 2015, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and BNY Mellon

BNY Mellon 91


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Administração de Ativos Ltda. (“Ativos”) alleging failure to properly perform duties relating to another fund of which DTVM is administrator and Ativos is manager. On Dec. 14, 2015, Associacão dos Profissionais dos Correios (“ADCAP”), a Brazilian postal workers association, filed a lawsuit in São Paulo against DTVM and other defendants alleging that DTVM improperly contributed to Postalis investment losses. On March 20, 2017, the lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice, and ADCAP appealed. On Aug. 4, 2021, the appellate court overturned the dismissal and sent the lawsuit to a state lower court. On March 2, 2023, DTVM appealed the August 4 decision to Brazil’s Superior Court of Justice. On Dec. 17, 2015, Postalis filed three lawsuits in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and Ativos alleging failure to properly perform duties with respect to investments in several other funds. On May 20, 2021, the court in one of those lawsuits entered a judgment of approximately $3 million against DTVM and Ativos. On Aug. 23, 2021, DTVM and Ativos filed an appeal of the May 20 decision. On June 7, 2022, the appellate court partially granted and partially denied the appeal, reducing the judgment to approximately $2 million. On July 13, 2023, DTVM and Ativos filed a further appeal to Brazil’s Superior Court of Justice. On Aug. 24, 2022, the court dismissed one of the other lawsuits. On Nov. 24, 2022, Postalis appealed that decision. On Oct. 24, 2023, Postalis’s appeal was denied. On Feb. 4, 2016, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Brasilia against DTVM, Ativos and BNY Mellon Alocação de Patrimônio Ltda. (“Alocação de Patrimônio”), an investment management subsidiary, alleging failure to properly perform duties and liability for losses with respect to investments in various funds of which the defendants were administrator and/or manager. On Jan. 16, 2018, the Brazilian Federal Prosecution Service filed a civil lawsuit in São Paulo against DTVM alleging liability for Postalis losses based on alleged failures to properly perform certain duties as administrator to certain funds in which Postalis invested or as controller of Postalis’s own investment portfolio. On April 18, 2018, the court dismissed the lawsuit without prejudice. On Aug. 4, 2021, the appellate court overturned the dismissal and returned the lawsuit to the lower court. On April 11, 2022, DTVM appealed the Aug. 4 decision to Brazil’s Superior Court of Justice. On Aug. 21, 2023, DTVM’s appeal was denied. In addition, the Tribunal de Contas da União (“TCU”), an administrative tribunal, has initiated proceedings with

the purpose of determining liability for losses to three investment funds administered by DTVM in which Postalis was an investor. On Sept. 9, 2020, TCU rendered a decision in one of the proceedings, finding DTVM and two former Postalis directors jointly and severally liable for approximately $50 million. TCU also imposed on DTVM a fine of approximately $2 million. DTVM’s administrative appeal of the decision was denied. On Feb. 25, 2022, DTVM filed a lawsuit in Brazil federal court in Brasilia seeking annulment of TCU’s decision and an injunction preventing TCU from enforcing the judgment. On Aug. 24, 2022, the Brazilian Federal Attorneys filed an action in Rio de Janeiro court seeking to enforce the fine portion of the judgment. On Nov. 8, 2022, the Brasilia federal court in the annulment action granted DTVM’s request for an injunction, suspending the Sept. 9, 2020 TCU decision until the annulment action is decided. On Oct. 4, 2019, Postalis and another pension fund filed a request for arbitration in São Paulo against DTVM and Ativos alleging liability for losses to an investment fund for which DTVM was administrator and Ativos was manager. On March 26, 2021, DTVM and Ativos filed a lawsuit in São Paulo challenging the decision rendered by the Arbitration Court with respect to its jurisdiction over the case. On Feb. 24, 2023, the São Paulo court annulled the Arbitration Court’s decision that it had jurisdiction, and Postalis and the other pension fund have appealed. On Sept. 21, 2023, the São Paulo court issued an order suspending the arbitration; the Arbitration Court implemented the suspension on Oct. 6, 2023. On April 8, 2024, the appellate court reversed the São Paulo court’s decision and found that the Arbitration Court did have jurisdiction. DTVM plans to further appeal. On Oct. 25, 2019, Postalis filed a lawsuit in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM and Alocação de Patrimônio, alleging liability for losses in another fund for which DTVM was administrator and Alocação de Patrimônio and Ativos were managers. On May 9, 2022, the court found DTVM and Alocação de Patrimônio jointly and severally liable for approximately $20 million. On Aug. 12, 2022, DTVM and Alocação de Patrimônio appealed the decision. On June 19, 2020, a lawsuit was filed in federal court in Rio de Janeiro against DTVM, Postalis, and various other defendants alleging liability against DTVM for certain Postalis losses in an investment fund of which DTVM was administrator. On Feb. 10, 2021, Postalis and another pension fund served DTVM in a lawsuit filed in Rio de Janeiro, alleging liability for losses in another

92 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

investment fund for which DTVM was administrator and the other defendant was manager.

Brazilian Silverado Litigation

DTVM acts as administrator for the Fundo de Investimento em Direitos Creditórios Multisetorial Silverado Maximum (“Silverado Maximum Fund”), which invests in commercial credit receivables. On June 2, 2016, the Silverado Maximum Fund sued DTVM in its capacity as administrator, along with Deutsche Bank S.A. - Banco Alemão in its capacity as custodian and Silverado Gestão e Investimentos Ltda. in its capacity as investment manager. The Fund alleges that each of the defendants failed to fulfill its respective duty, and caused losses to the Fund for which the defendants are jointly and severally liable. On March 21, 2024, the São Paulo court issued a decision finding DTVM, Deutsche Bank and Silverado Gestão e Investimentos jointly liable for losses to the Fund in an amount to be determined during a later calculation phase. DTVM plans to appeal.

German Tax Matters

German authorities are investigating past “cum/ex” trading, which involved the purchase of equity securities on or shortly before the dividend date, but settled after that date, potentially resulting in an unwarranted refund of withholding tax. German authorities have taken the view that past cum/ex trading may have resulted in tax avoidance or evasion. European subsidiaries of BNY Mellon have been informed by German authorities about investigations into potential cum/ex trading by certain third-party investment funds, where one of the subsidiaries had acquired entities that served as depositary and/or fund manager for those third-party investment funds. We have received information requests from the authorities relating to pre-acquisition activity and are cooperating fully with those requests. In August 2019, the District Court of Bonn ordered that one of these subsidiaries be joined as a secondary party in connection with the prosecution of unrelated individual defendants. Trial commenced in September 2019. In March 2020, the court stated that it would refrain from taking action against the subsidiary in order to expedite the conclusion of the trial. The court convicted the unrelated individual defendants, and determined that the cum/ex trading activities of the relevant third-party investment funds were unlawful. In November and December 2020 and February 2023, we received secondary liability notices from the German tax

authorities totaling approximately $150 million (at then-prevailing exchange rates) related to pre-acquisition activity in various funds for which the entities we acquired were depositary and/or fund manager. We have appealed the notices. In connection with the acquisition of the subject entities, we obtained an indemnity for liabilities from the sellers that we intend to pursue as necessary.

Off-Channel Business-Related Communications

The Company has been responding to a request for information from the SEC concerning compliance with recordkeeping obligations relating to business communications transmitted on unapproved electronic communication platforms. SEC Staff has stated that it is conducting similar inquiries into recordkeeping practices at other financial institutions. The Company is cooperating with the inquiry. In April 2023, the Company received a similar request from the Commodity Futures Trading Commission and is cooperating with that inquiry as well.

Pershing Rule 15c3-3 Matter

The Company has been responding to investigative requests for information and records from the SEC concerning Pershing LLC’s compliance with its obligations under SEC Rule 15c3-3, among other regulatory rules and statutes. The Company continues to cooperate with the inquiry.

Note 19–Business segments

We have an internal information system that produces performance data along product and service lines for our three principal business segments and the Other segment. The primary products and services and types of revenue for our principal businesses and a description of the Other segment are presented in Note 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report.

Business accounting principles

Our business data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than GAAP, which is used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the businesses will track their economic performance.

Business segment results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made, or for refinements in revenue and expense

BNY Mellon 93


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

allocation methodologies. Refinements are typically reflected on a prospective basis. In the first quarter of 2024, we made certain realignments of similar products and services within our lines of business. The largest change was the movement of Institutional Solutions from Pershing to Clearance and Collateral Management, both in the Market and Wealth Services business segment. We made other smaller changes that moved activity from Asset Servicing in the Securities Services business segment to Treasury Services in the Market and Wealth Services business segment, and from Wealth Management in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment and Pershing in the Market and Wealth Services business segment to Investment Management in the Investment and Wealth Management business segment. The Other segment was not impacted by the changes. Prior period business segment results have been revised to reflect these changes.

The accounting policies of the businesses are the same as those described in Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2023 Annual Report.

The results of our business segments are presented and analyzed on an internal management reporting basis.

Revenue amounts reflect fee and other revenue generated by each business and include revenue for services provided between the segments that are also provided to third parties. Fee and other revenue transferred between businesses under revenue transfer agreements is included within other fees in each segment.
Revenues and expenses associated with specific client bases are included in those businesses. For example, foreign exchange activity associated with clients using custody products is included in the Securities Services segment.
Net interest income is allocated to businesses based on the yields on the assets and liabilities generated by each business. We employ a funds

transfer pricing system that matches funds with the specific assets and liabilities of each business based on their interest sensitivity and maturity characteristics.

The provision for credit losses associated with the respective credit portfolios is reflected in each segment.
Incentives expense related to restricted stock and RSUs is allocated to the segments.
Support and other indirect expenses, including services provided between segments that are not provided to third parties or not subject to a revenue transfer agreement, are allocated to the businesses based on internally developed methodologies and reflected in noninterest expense.
Recurring FDIC expense is allocated to the businesses based on average deposits generated within each business.
Severance expense is recorded in the segments based on the business or function the impacted employees reside, with severance related to corporate staff, technology and operations reflected in the Other segment.
Litigation expense is generally recorded in the business in which the charge occurs.
Management of the securities portfolio is a shared service contained in the Other segment. As a result, gains and losses associated with the valuation of the securities portfolio are generally included in the Other segment.
Client deposits serve as the primary funding source for our securities portfolio. We typically allocate all interest income to the businesses generating the deposits.
Balance sheet assets and liabilities and their related income or expense are specifically assigned to each business. Segments with a net liability position have been allocated assets.
Goodwill and intangible assets are reflected within individual businesses.

94 BNY Mellon


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following consolidating schedules present the contribution of our segments to our overall profitability.


For the quarter ended March 31, 2024	Securities Services			Market and Wealth Services			Investment and Wealth Management				Other		Consolidated
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue	$	1,556		$	1,094		$	805		(a)	$	30	$	3,485		(a)
Net interest income (expense)	583			423			41				(7)		1,040
Total revenue	2,139			1,517			846			(a)	23		4,525			(a)
Provision for credit losses	11			5			(1)				12		27
Noninterest expense	1,537			834			740				65		3,176
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	591		$	678		$	107		(a)	$	(54)	$	1,322		(a)
Pre-tax operating margin (b)	28		%	45		%	13		%		N/M		29		%
Average assets	$	191,544		$	123,552		$	26,272			$	62,617	$	403,985

(a) Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of income attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $2 million.

(b) Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.

N/M – Not meaningful.


For the quarter ended Dec. 31, 2023	Securities Services			Market and Wealth Services			Investment and Wealth Management				Other		(a)	Consolidated			(a)
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue	$	1,544		$	1,060		$	634		(b)	$	21		$	3,259		(b)
Net interest income (expense)	635			436			45				(15)			1,101
Total revenue	2,179			1,496			679			(b)	6			4,360			(b)
Provision for credit losses	64			28			(2)				(6)			84
Noninterest expense	1,653			837			685				820			3,995
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	462		$	631		$	(4)		(b)	$	(808)		$	281		(b)
Pre-tax operating margin (c)	21		%	42		%	(1)		%		N/M			6		%
Average assets	$	200,040		$	132,357		$	26,341			$	42,867		$	401,605

(a) The prior period was restated to reflect the retrospective application of adopting new accounting guidance related to our investments in renewable energy projects using the proportional amortization method (ASU 2023-02). See Note 2 for additional information.

(b) Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $(2) million.

(c) Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.

N/M – Not meaningful.


For the quarter ended March 31, 2023	Securities Services			Market and Wealth Services			Investment and Wealth Management				Other		(a)	Consolidated			(a)
(dollars in millions)
Total fee and other revenue	$	1,443		$	1,018		$	785		(b)	$	41		$	3,287		(b)
Net interest income (expense)	666			453			45				(36)			1,128
Total revenue	2,109			1,471			830			(b)	5			4,415			(b)
Provision for credit losses	—			—			—				27			27
Noninterest expense	1,540			782			737				41			3,100
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	569		$	689		$	93		(b)	$	(63)		$	1,288		(b)
Pre-tax operating margin (c)	27		%	47		%	11		%		N/M			29		%
Average assets	$	196,560		$	132,005		$	28,370			$	50,343		$	407,278

(b) Total fee and other revenue, total revenue and income before income taxes are net of income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests related to consolidated investment management funds of $— million.

(c) Income before income taxes divided by total revenue.

N/M – Not meaningful.

BNY Mellon 95


Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 20–Supplemental information to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

Non-cash investing and financing transactions that, appropriately, are not reflected in the consolidated statement of cash flows are listed below.


Non-cash investing and financing transactions	Three months ended March 31,
(in millions)	2024		2023

Change in assets of consolidated investment management funds	$	42	$	227
Change in liabilities of consolidated investment management funds	4		—
Change in nonredeemable noncontrolling interests of consolidated investment management funds	61		65
Securities purchased not settled	1,010		240
Securities sold not settled	(6)		(162)





Premises and equipment/operating lease obligations	45		98

Excise tax on share repurchases	6		10

96 BNY Mellon


Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures

Our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, with participation by the members of the Disclosure Committee, has responsibility for ensuring that there is an adequate and effective process for establishing, maintaining, and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in our SEC reports is timely recorded, processed, summarized and reported and that information required to be disclosed by BNY Mellon is accumulated and communicated to BNY Mellon’s management to allow timely decisions regarding the required disclosure. In addition, our ethics hotline can also be used by employees and others for the anonymous communication of concerns about financial controls or reporting matters. There are inherent limitations to the effectiveness of any system of disclosure controls and procedures, including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of the controls and procedures. Accordingly, even effective disclosure controls and procedures can only provide reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives.

As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in internal control over financial reporting

In the ordinary course of business, we may routinely modify, upgrade or enhance our internal controls and procedures for financial reporting. There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act during the first quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

BNY Mellon 97


Forward-looking Statements

Some statements in this Quarterly Report are forward-looking. These include statements about the usefulness of Non-GAAP measures, the future results of BNY Mellon, our businesses, financial, liquidity and capital condition, results of operations, liquidity, risk and capital management and processes, goals, strategies, outlook, objectives, expectations (including those regarding our performance results, expenses, nonperforming assets, products, impacts of currency fluctuations, impacts of securities portfolio repositioning, impacts of trends on our businesses, regulatory, technology, market, economic or accounting developments and the impacts of such developments on our businesses, legal proceedings and other contingencies), human capital management (including related ambitions, objectives, aims and goals), effective tax rate, net interest income, estimates (including those regarding expenses, losses inherent in our credit portfolios and capital ratios), intentions (including those regarding our capital returns and expenses, including our investments in technology and pension expense), targets, opportunities, potential actions, transition to a platforms operating model, growth and initiatives.

In this report, any other report, any press release or any written or oral statement that BNY Mellon or its executives may make, words, such as “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “anticipate,” “likely,” “target,” “expect,” “intend,” “continue,” “seek,” “believe,” “plan,” “goal,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “strategy,” “synergies,” “opportunities,” “trends,” “momentum,” “ambition,” “aspiration,” “objective,” “aim,” “future,” “potentially,” “outlook” and words of similar meaning, may signify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements, and other forward-looking statements contained in other public disclosures of BNY Mellon, are not guarantees of future results or occurrences, are inherently uncertain and are based upon current beliefs and expectations of future events, many of which are, by their nature, difficult to predict, outside of our control and subject to change. By identifying these statements in this manner, we are alerting investors to the possibility that our actual results may differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements as a result of a number of important factors, including those factors described in “Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report, such as:

errors or delays in our operational and transaction processing, or those of third parties, may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation;
our risk management framework, models and processes may not be effective in identifying or mitigating risk and reducing the potential for losses and any inadequacy or lapse in our risk management framework, models and processes could expose us to unexpected losses that could materially adversely affect our results of operations or financial condition;
a communications or technology disruption or failure within our infrastructure or the infrastructure of third parties that results in a loss of information, delays our ability to access information or impacts our ability to provide services to our clients may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
a cybersecurity incident, or a failure in our computer systems, networks and information, or those of third parties, could result in the theft, loss, disclosure, use or alteration of information, unauthorized access to or loss of information, or system or network failures. Any such incident or failure could adversely impact our ability to conduct our businesses, damage our reputation and cause losses;
we are subject to extensive government rulemaking, policies, regulation and supervision that impact our operations. Changes to and introduction of new rules and regulations have compelled, and in the future may compel, us to change how we manage our businesses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
regulatory or enforcement actions or litigation could materially adversely affect our results of operations or harm our businesses or reputation;
our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to attract, retain, develop and motivate employees;
a failure or circumvention of our controls, policies and procedures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and reputation;

98 BNY Mellon


Forward-looking Statements (continued)

weakness and volatility in financial markets and the economy generally may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
we are dependent on fee-based business for a substantial majority of our revenue and our fee-based revenues could be adversely affected by slowing market activity, weak financial markets, underperformance and/or negative trends in savings rates or in investment preferences;
levels of and changes in interest rates have impacted, and will in the future continue to impact, our profitability and capital levels, at times adversely;
we have experienced, and may continue to experience, unrealized or realized losses on securities related to volatile and illiquid market conditions, reducing our capital levels and/or earnings;
reform of interest rate benchmarks and the use of alternative reference rates by us and our clients could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations;
the failure or perceived weakness of any of our significant clients or counterparties, many of whom are major financial institutions or sovereign entities, and our assumption of credit, counterparty and concentration risk, could expose us to credit losses and adversely affect our business;
we could incur losses if our allowance for credit losses, including loan and lending-related commitment reserves, is inadequate or if our expectations of future economic conditions deteriorate;
our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected if we do not effectively manage our liquidity;
failure to satisfy regulatory standards, including “well capitalized” and “well managed” status or capital adequacy and liquidity rules more generally, could result in limitations on our activities and adversely affect our business and financial condition;
the Parent is a non-operating holding company and, as a result, is dependent on dividends from its subsidiaries and extensions of credit from its IHC to meet its obligations, including with respect to its securities, and to provide funds for share repurchases, payment of income taxes and payment of dividends to its stockholders;
our ability to return capital to shareholders is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and may be limited by U.S. banking laws and regulations, including those governing capital and capital planning, applicable provisions of Delaware law and our failure to pay full and timely dividends on our preferred stock;
any material reduction in our credit ratings or the credit ratings of our principal bank subsidiaries, The Bank of New York Mellon, BNY Mellon, N.A. or The Bank of New York Mellon SA/NV, could increase the cost of funding and borrowing to us and our rated subsidiaries and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and on the value of the securities we issue;
the application of our Title I preferred resolution strategy or resolution under the Title II orderly liquidation authority could adversely affect the Parent’s liquidity and financial condition and the Parent’s security holders;
new lines of business, new products and services or transformational or strategic project initiatives subject us to new or additional risks, and the failure to implement these initiatives could affect our results of operations;
we are subject to competition in all aspects of our business, which could negatively affect our ability to maintain or increase our profitability;
our strategic transactions present risks and uncertainties and could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations;
our businesses may be negatively affected by adverse events, publicity, government scrutiny or other reputational harm;
ESG concerns, including climate change, could adversely affect our business, affect client activity levels, subject us to additional regulatory requirements and damage our reputation;
impacts from geopolitical events, acts of terrorism, natural disasters, the physical effects of climate change, pandemics and other similar events may have a negative impact on our business and operations;
tax law changes or challenges to our tax positions with respect to historical transactions may adversely affect our net income, effective tax rate and our overall results of operations and financial condition; and

BNY Mellon 99


Forward-looking Statements (continued)

changes in accounting standards governing the preparation of our financial statements and future events could have a material impact on our reported financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and other financial data.

Investors should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement and should consider all risk factors discussed in the 2023 Annual Report and any subsequent reports filed with the SEC by BNY Mellon pursuant to the Exchange Act. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and BNY Mellon undertakes no obligation to update any statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such forward-looking statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. The contents of BNY Mellon’s website or any other website referenced herein are not part of this report.

100 BNY Mellon


Part II – Other Information

Next: Item 1. Legal Proceedings.