Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

IMC’s revenues were $1.0 billion in the third quarter and $3.0 billion in the first nine months of 2025, increases of 7.9% and 2.1%, respectively, over the corresponding 2024 periods. The comparative increases in revenues were primarily attributable to price increases due to higher raw materials costs and the impact of business acquisitions, partially offset by lower sales across many regions, attributable to sluggish customer demand. IMC’s pre-tax earnings increased 21.9% in the third quarter, largely attributable to an increase in investment and other income, and declined 5.1% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Earnings in the first nine months of 2025 were negatively impacted by lower gross margin rates from higher raw materials costs and unfavorable manufacturing variances and changes in product mix and increased selling, general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher investment and other income. IMC operates globally, and a large portion of its products are manufactured in Israel. IMC’s operations in Israel have not been significantly impacted by the conflicts in the region.

Building products

The building products group includes manufactured and site-built home construction and related lending and financial services (Clayton Homes). Other building products businesses include: flooring (Shaw), insulation, roofing and engineered products (Johns Manville), bricks and masonry products (Acme Brick), paint and coatings (Benjamin Moore) and residential and commercial construction and engineering products and systems (MiTek).

Revenues of the building products group increased $94 million (1.4%) in the third quarter and $220 million (1.1%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Pre-tax earnings of the group increased $81 million (7.6%) in the third quarter and declined $76 million (2.4%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Certain of our building products businesses are experiencing slowing customer demand, as well as pricing pressures, attributable to prevailing general economic conditions and residential housing markets.

Clayton Homes’ revenues increased 2.7% to $3.3 billion in the third quarter and 5.0% to $9.6 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Revenues from home sales were essentially unchanged in the third quarter and increased $136 million (2.0%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to the 2024 periods. New home unit sales were flat in the third quarter and increased 1.8% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Financial services revenues increased 12.0% in the third quarter and 13.6% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to increased interest income from higher average loan balances and average interest rates. Loan balances, net of allowances for credit losses, were approximately $28.9 billion as of September 30, 2025, an increase of 9.4% since September 30, 2024. Loan portfolio balances are largely funded by borrowings from Berkshire finance affiliates.

Pre-tax earnings of Clayton Homes increased $74 million (16.0%) in the third quarter and $40 million (2.8%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024, primarily attributable to increased earnings from financial services, partially offset by lower earnings from home building activities. The increases in financial services earnings were primarily due to lower insurance claims and higher interest income, partially offset by increases in interest expense on borrowings from Berkshire finance affiliates. Interest expense increased $252 million in the first nine months of 2025 versus 2024, largely attributable to increased borrowings. The corresponding interest income on such borrowings is included in the “Other” earnings section on page 49.

Other building products businesses revenues were $3.7 billion in the third quarter of 2025, relatively unchanged from 2024, and $10.6 billion in the first nine months of 2025, a decline of 2.1% compared to 2024. The year-to-date decline generally reflected lower unit volumes, pricing pressures and the impact of a divesture in 2025. Pre-tax earnings of our other building products businesses increased $7 million (1.2%) in the third quarter and declined $116 million (6.6%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Earnings as a percentage of revenues in the first nine months of 2025 declined 0.7 percentage points versus 2024. The earnings decline in the first nine months of 2025 was primarily attributable to overall lower sales and average gross margin rates, partially offset by lower restructuring and legal expenses compared to 2024.

Consumer products

The consumer products group includes leisure vehicles (Forest River), several apparel and footwear operations (including Fruit of the Loom, Garan, H.H. Brown Shoe Group and Brooks Sports) and a manufacturer of high-performance alkaline batteries (Duracell). This group also includes a global toy company (Jazwares), jewelry products (Richline) and custom picture framing products (Larson-Juhl).

Consumer products group revenues declined $237 million (6.2%) in the third quarter and $442 million (4.0%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. The revenue declines in 2025 were primarily due to Fruit of the Loom, Jazwares and Duracell, largely attributable to lower sales volumes. These declines were partially offset by revenue increases at Brooks Sports, Forest River and Richline, attributable to combinations of higher volumes, changes in sales mix and/or higher prices from higher materials and input costs.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Pre-tax earnings of our consumer products group were relatively unchanged in the third quarter and declined $105 million (8.0%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. In the third quarter of 2025, Duracell determined certain of its battery product components manufactured in the U.S. were eligible for the refundable advanced manufacturing production income tax credits beginning in the 2023 tax year. Duracell recorded the eligible credits for the 2023, 2024 and first nine months of 2025 periods in the third quarter of 2025. Under U.S. GAAP, these credits are reflected in pre-tax earnings, not as income tax expense. Before the impact of these credits, pre-tax earnings of the consumer products group declined significantly in the third quarter and in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. These declines were primarily attributable to lower earnings from Jazwares, Forest River, Duracell, and Fruit of the Loom, generally reflecting lower gross margins and higher selling, general and administrative expenses, as percentages of revenues and were partially offset by higher earnings from Brooks Sports, attributable to a combination of increased sales and gross margins.

Service and retailing

A summary of revenues and pre-tax earnings of our service and retailing businesses follows (dollars in millions).

	Third Quarter								First Nine Months
	2025				2024				2025				2024
Revenues:
Service	$	5,752			$	5,130			$	16,922			$	15,492
McLane		13,191				12,723				37,967				37,656
Retailing		4,841				4,712				14,496				14,000
Pilot		10,882				10,630				31,421				36,132
	$	34,666			$	33,195			$	100,806			$	103,280
Pre-tax earnings:
Service	$	678			$	569			$	2,055			$	1,793
McLane		173				145				530				452
Retailing		302				308				971				961
Pilot		(17	)			217				270				486
	$	1,136			$	1,239			$	3,826			$	3,692
Pre-tax earnings as a percentage of revenues:
Service		11.8	%			11.1	%			12.1	%			11.6	%
McLane		1.3				1.1				1.4				1.2
Retailing		6.2				6.5				6.7				6.9
Pilot		(0.2	)			2.0				0.9				1.3

Service

Our service businesses include NetJets and FlightSafety (aviation services), which offer shared ownership programs for general aviation aircraft and high technology training products and services to operators of aircraft, and TTI, a distributor of electronics components. Our other service businesses franchise and service a network of quick service restaurants (Dairy Queen), lease transportation equipment (XTRA) and furniture (CORT), provide third party logistics services that primarily serve the petroleum and chemical industries (Charter Brokerage), distribute electronic news, multimedia and regulatory filings (Business Wire), provide various facilities engineering and construction management services (IPS-Integrated Project Services, LLC (IPS)) and operate a television station in Miami, Florida (WPLG). McLane, which we view as a service business, is addressed separately, since it is deemed a separate segment for financial reporting purposes.

Service group revenues increased $622 million (12.1%) in the third quarter and $1.4 billion (9.2%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. The revenue increases in each period were primarily attributable to higher revenues from aviation services (9.7% year-to-date), IPS (23.9% year-to-date) and TTI (7.9% year-to-date). The revenue increases from aviation services reflected increases in the number of aircraft in shared aircraft ownership programs and in-flight hours across NetJets’ various programs and higher average rates. The increases at TTI reflected higher customer demand in certain geographic regions. The increases at IPS were attributable to revenues from life sciences and data center design, construction management and other construction consulting services.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Service group pre-tax earnings increased $109 million (19.2%) in the third quarter and $262 million (14.6%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024, primarily attributable to increases from aviation services and TTI. Pre-tax earnings as a percentage of revenues rose 0.5 percentage points in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. The earnings increases from aviation services were primarily attributable to increased revenues, partially offset by higher flight crew and instructor costs and higher maintenance, fuel, and depreciation expenses. TTI’s earnings increases reflected increases in revenues and lower selling general and administrative expenses, as percentages of revenues, partially offset by lower gross margin rates.

McLane

McLane operates wholesale distribution businesses that provide grocery and non-food consumer products to retailers and convenience stores (“retail”) and to restaurants (“restaurant”). McLane also operates businesses that are wholesale distributors of distilled spirits, wine and beer (“beverage”). The retail and restaurant businesses generate high sales and very low profit margins and operate in a highly competitive environment. These businesses have several significant customers and a reduction in purchasing by any of these customers could have an adverse impact on McLane’s revenues and earnings.

McLane’s revenues increased 3.7% in the third quarter and 0.8% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Sales in 2025 generally reflected higher prices due to inventory cost inflation and a comparative increase in restaurant business unit volumes in the third quarter. Pre-tax earnings increased $28 million (19.3%) in the third quarter and $78 million (17.3%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024, reflecting increases in the overall gross margin rates, partially offset by higher selling, general and administrative expenses.

Retailing

Our retailing businesses include Berkshire Hathaway Automotive, Inc. (“BHA”), which consists of over 80 auto dealerships that sell new and pre-owned automobiles and offer repair services and related products. BHA also offers and insures vehicle service contracts and related insurance products. Our retailing businesses also include four home furnishings businesses (NFM, R.C. Willey, Star Furniture and Jordan’s), which sell furniture, appliances, flooring and electronics. Other retailing businesses include three jewelry businesses (Borsheims, Helzberg and Ben Bridge), See’s Candies (confectionery products), Pampered Chef (high quality kitchen tools), Oriental Trading Company (party supplies, school supplies and toys and novelties) and Detlev Louis Motorrad (“Louis”), a retailer of motorcycle accessories based in Germany. Pilot Travel Centers (“Pilot”), which is primarily a retail business, is addressed separately since it is deemed a separate segment for financial reporting purposes.

Retailing group aggregate revenues increased 2.7% in the third quarter and 3.5% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. BHA’s revenues, which represented about 71% of our retailing group’s revenues in 2025, increased 4.0% in the third quarter and 5.5% in the first nine months of 2025 as compared to 2024. The increases reflected a 5.7% year-to-date increase in new and pre-owned vehicle sales revenues, primarily due to increased new units sold, higher average prices and changes in sales mix. BHA’s finance/service contract revenues increased 8.8% in the first nine months of 2025, while parts/service/repair operations revenues increased 2.2% compared to 2024. Revenues of the other retailing businesses declined 0.9% in the first nine months of 2025 versus 2024. Several of our other retailing businesses experienced sluggish customer demand in the first nine months of 2025, attributable to a combination of increased competition and the impacts of higher economic uncertainty and changes in consumer confidence.

Retailing group pre-tax earnings declined $6 million (1.9%) in the third quarter and increased $10 million (1.0%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. BHA’s pre-tax earnings increased 1.8% in the third quarter and 3.4% in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024, attributable to earnings increases from parts/service/repair and finance/service contract operations, partly offset by lower gross profit margins and higher selling, general and administrative expenses. Aggregate pre-tax earnings for the remainder of our retailing group declined $11 million (22.7%) in the third quarter and $15 million (7.4%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024.

Pilot

Pilot operates travel centers, primarily under the names Pilot or Flying J, and fuel-only retail locations. Pilot also operates large wholesale fuel and fuel marketing platforms in the U.S. We acquired the remaining 20% noncontrolling interest in Pilot on January 16, 2024.

Pilot’s revenues increased $252 million (2.4%) in the third quarter and declined $4.7 billion (13.0%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. The year-to-date decline was primarily attributable to significantly lower volumes from bulk fuel sales and fuel trading activities, as well as lower average fuel prices and wholesale fuel volumes, partially offset by increased retail fuel volumes.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Manufacturing, Service and Retailing

Pilot’s pre-tax earnings declined $234 million (107.8%) in the third quarter and $216 million (44.4%) in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Earnings in the third quarter and first nine months of 2025 were negatively impacted by lower wholesale fuel and in-store gross margins and higher selling, general and administrative expenses, primarily due to higher employee compensation and benefits, insurance and maintenance costs, as well as by charges from adjustments to certain fuel-related balance sheet accounts. These effects were partially offset by lower interest expense, primarily attributable to reduced borrowing levels, and gains from asset dispositions in the first quarter. Pilot’s borrowings were $3.9 billion at September 30, 2025, which are currently from certain Berkshire insurance subsidiaries.

Investment Gains (Losses)

A summary of investment gains (losses) follows (dollars in millions).

	Third Quarter								First Nine Months
	2025				2024				2025				2024
Investment gains (losses)	$	21,939			$	20,514			$	21,868			$	46,247
Income taxes and noncontrolling interests		4,628				4,353				4,625				9,856
Net earnings	$	17,311			$	16,161			$	17,243			$	36,391
Effective income tax rate		21.1	%			21.1	%			21.1	%			21.2	%

Unrealized gains and losses arising from changes in market prices of our investments in equity securities are included in our reported earnings, which significantly increases the volatility of our periodic net earnings due to the magnitude of our equity securities portfolio and the inherent volatility of equity securities prices. Unrealized gains and losses on our investments in equity securities also include the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on investments in equity securities of non-U.S. issuers that are held by our U.S.-based subsidiaries.

Pre-tax investment gains and losses included unrealized gains of $20.6 billion in the third quarter and $23.6 billion in the first nine months of 2025 and $18.6 billion in the third quarter and $45.1 billion in the first nine months of 2024, attributable to changes during the period in market prices on equity securities we held at the end of each period. Taxable investment gains and losses on equity securities sold, which is generally the difference between sales proceeds and the original cost basis of the securities sold, were gains of $10.4 billion in the third quarter and $18.7 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared to gains of $23.4 billion in the third quarter and $97.1 billion in the first nine months of 2024.

We believe that investment gains and losses, whether realized from sales or unrealized from changes in market prices, are often meaningless in terms of understanding our reported consolidated earnings or evaluating our periodic economic performance. We also continue to believe the investment gains and losses recorded in earnings in any given period has little analytical or predictive value.

Other

A summary of after-tax other earnings (losses) follows (in millions).

	Third Quarter								First Nine Months
	2025				2024				2025				2024
Investment income	$	904			$	371			$	2,639			$	995
Foreign currency exchange rate gains (losses) on Berkshire and BHFC non-U.S. Dollar senior notes		331				(1,141	)			(1,259	)			(98	)
Equity method earnings		276				199				576		*		824
Acquisition accounting expenses		(123	)			(127	)			(371	)			(389	)
Other earnings (losses)		(7	)			20				(131	)			(179	)
	$	1,381			$	(678	)		$	1,454			$	1,153

——————

** Excludes an other-than-temporary impairment charge of $3.76 billion related to Berkshire’s investment in Kraft Heinz. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.*

Investment income includes corporate interest income and dividend income not allocated to operating businesses. After-tax corporate investment income increased $533 million in the third quarter and $1.6 billion in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024, primarily due to increased investments in U.S. Treasury Bills, which derived largely from subsidiary dividends.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Other

Foreign currency exchange rate gains and losses on Berkshire’s and BHFC’s senior notes represent the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates recognized in earnings from the periodic revaluation of non-U.S. Dollar denominated senior note liabilities into U.S. Dollars. The gains and losses recorded in any given period can be significant due to the magnitude of the borrowings and the inherent volatility in foreign currency exchange rates.

Equity method earnings include our proportionate share of earnings of Kraft Heinz, Occidental and Berkadia. Occidental generated lower equity method earnings in the first nine months of 2025 compared to 2024. Additionally, during the second quarter of 2025, we began recording our share of Kraft Heinz’s earnings on a one-quarter lag.

Acquisition accounting expenses include charges arising from the application of the acquisition method of accounting in connection with certain of Berkshire’s past business acquisitions. These charges are primarily from the amortization of intangible assets recorded in connection with those acquisitions. Other earnings and losses primarily include unallocated general and administrative expenses, interest expense, income tax expense and interest income on certain intercompany loans.

Financial Condition

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet continues to reflect significant liquidity and a very strong capital base. Berkshire’s shareholders’ equity at September 30, 2025 was $698.2 billion, an increase of $48.8 billion since December 31, 2024. Net earnings attributable to Berkshire shareholders were $47.8 billion for the first nine months of 2025. Investment gains and losses from changes in the market prices of our investments in equity securities usually produce significant volatility in our earnings.

Berkshire’s common stock repurchase program permits Berkshire to repurchase its Class A and Class B shares at prices below Berkshire’s intrinsic value, as conservatively determined by Warren Buffett, Berkshire’s Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. We are not committed to a minimum or subject to a maximum repurchase amount. We will not repurchase our stock if it reduces our consolidated cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury Bills holdings to below $30 billion. Financial strength and redundant liquidity will always be of paramount importance at Berkshire. There were no share repurchases in the first nine months of 2025.

At September 30, 2025, our insurance and other businesses held cash, cash equivalents and U.S. Treasury Bills (net of payables for unsettled purchases) of $354.3 billion. Investments in equity and fixed maturity securities, excluding our equity method investments, were $301.2 billion.

Our consolidated borrowings at September 30, 2025 were $127.2 billion, predominantly issued by Berkshire and BHFC, or by BNSF and BHE and its subsidiaries. Berkshire’s outstanding debt at September 30, 2025 was $22.5 billion, an increase of $1.4 billion since December 31, 2024. In the first nine months of 2025, Berkshire repaid approximately $1.6 billion of maturing debt. In April 2025, Berkshire issued ¥90 billion ($632 million) of senior notes with maturity dates ranging from 2028 to 2055 and a weighted average interest rate of 1.6%. In July 2025, Berkshire issued ¥151.5 billion ($1.0 billion) of senior notes maturing between 2030 and 2040 with a weighted average interest rate of 2.3%. Additionally, the carrying value of Berkshire’s non-U.S. Dollar denominated debt increased $1.3 billion in the first nine months of 2025 due to foreign currency exchange rate losses.

Senior note borrowings of BHFC, a wholly-owned financing subsidiary, were approximately $18.3 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $338 million from December 31, 2024, primarily due to foreign currency exchange rate changes. BHFC’s borrowings are used to fund a portion of loans originated and acquired by Clayton Homes and equipment held for lease by Marmon’s railcar leasing business. Berkshire guarantees BHFC’s senior notes for the full and timely payment of principal and interest.

BNSF’s outstanding debt was $23.5 billion as of September 30, 2025, relatively unchanged from December 31, 2024. In the first nine months of 2025, BNSF repaid term debt of approximately $900 million and in June 2025, issued $900 million of 5.8% debentures due in 2056. BHE’s aggregate borrowings were $58.1 billion at September 30, 2025, an increase of $1.7 billion from December 31, 2024. In the first nine months of 2025, BHE subsidiaries issued $3.1 billion of term debt, with a weighted average interest rate of 6.4% and maturity dates ranging from 2035 to 2055, and BHE and its subsidiaries repaid term debt of $2.4 billion and increased short-term borrowings by approximately $600 million. Berkshire does not guarantee the repayment of debt issued by BNSF, BHE or any of their subsidiaries or affiliates.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Financial Condition

In the first nine months of 2025, our diverse group of businesses generated net operating cash flows of $34.8 billion. Our consolidated capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment and equipment held for lease were $14.7 billion in the first nine months of 2025, which included capital expenditures by BNSF and BHE of $10.1 billion. BNSF and BHE maintain very large investments in capital assets (property, plant and equipment) and regularly make significant capital expenditures in the normal course of business. BHE and BNSF forecast capital expenditures of approximately $4.4 billion over the remainder of 2025.

In October 2025, Berkshire agreed to acquire the Occidental Petroleum Corporation’s chemicals business for $9.7 billion, subject to customary purchase price adjustments. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions and expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Contractual Obligations

We are party to other contracts associated with ongoing business activities, which will result in cash payments to counterparties in future periods. Certain obligations are included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets, such as borrowings, operating lease liabilities and shared aircraft repurchase liabilities.

We are also obligated to pay claims arising from property and casualty contracts issued by our insurance subsidiaries, including amounts from retroactive reinsurance. However, the timing and amount of the payments under insurance and reinsurance contracts are contingent upon the outcome of future events. Actual payments will likely vary, perhaps materially, from any forecasted payments, as well as from the liabilities recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. We anticipate that these payments will be funded by operating cash flows.

Other obligations pertaining to the acquisition of goods or services in the future, such as certain purchase obligations, are not currently reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements and will be recognized in future periods as the goods are delivered or services are provided. Except as otherwise disclosed in this Quarterly Report, our contractual obligations as of September 30, 2025 were, in the aggregate, not materially different from those disclosed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained in Berkshire’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Certain accounting policies require us to make estimates and judgments in determining the amounts reflected in our Consolidated Financial Statements. Such estimates and judgments necessarily involve varying and possibly significant degrees of uncertainty. Accordingly, certain amounts currently recorded in our Consolidated Financial Statements will likely be adjusted in the future based on new available information and changes in other facts and circumstances. Reference is made to “Critical Accounting Estimates” discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in Berkshire’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2025 included estimated liabilities for unpaid losses and loss adjustment expenses from property and casualty insurance and reinsurance contracts of $151.1 billion. Due to the inherent uncertainties in the processes of establishing these liabilities, the actual ultimate claim amounts will likely differ from the currently recorded amounts. A very small percentage change in estimates of this magnitude can result in a material effect on periodic earnings. The effects from changes in these estimates are recorded as a component of insurance losses and loss adjustment expenses in the period of the change.

Our Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2025 included goodwill of acquired businesses of $84.5 billion and indefinite-lived intangible assets of $19.0 billion. In connection with the annual goodwill impairment review conducted in the fourth quarter of 2024, our estimated fair values of seven reporting units did not exceed our carrying values by at least 20%, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Our estimated aggregate fair value of these units at that time was approximately $65.6 billion, which exceeded our aggregate carrying value of approximately $57.4 billion. Goodwill of these reporting units totaled approximately $18.6 billion.

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment reviews include determining the estimated fair values of the reporting units and of the indefinite-lived intangible assets. Several methods and inputs may be used to estimate fair values, and significant judgments are required in making such estimates. Due to the inherent subjectivity and uncertainty in forecasting future cash flows and earnings over long periods of time, actual results may differ materially from the forecasts.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Critical Accounting Estimates

As of September 30, 2025, we concluded it was more likely than not that goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets recorded in our Consolidated Balance Sheet were not impaired. However, the fair value estimates of the reporting units and assets are subject to change based on changes in market and economic conditions and events affecting our businesses, which we cannot reliably predict. It is reasonably possible that adverse changes in such conditions or events could result in the recognition of impairment losses in our Consolidated Financial Statements in the future.

Information concerning accounting pronouncements to be adopted in the future is included in Note 2 to the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements.

Forward-Looking Statements

Investors are cautioned that certain statements contained in this document as well as some statements in periodic press releases and some oral statements of Berkshire officials during presentations about Berkshire or its subsidiaries are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”). Forward-looking statements include statements which are predictive in nature, which depend upon or refer to future events or conditions, or which include words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “estimates” or similar expressions. In addition, any statements concerning future financial performance (including future revenues, earnings or growth rates), ongoing business strategies or prospects and possible future Berkshire actions, which may be provided by management, are also forward-looking statements as defined by the Act. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and projections about future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about Berkshire and its subsidiaries, economic and market factors and the industries in which we do business, among other things. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and we have no specific intention to update these statements.

Actual events and results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in forward-looking statements due to a number of factors. The principal risk factors that could cause our actual performance and future events and actions to differ materially from such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, changes in market prices of our investments in equity securities; the occurrence of one or more catastrophic events, such as an earthquake, hurricane, geopolitical conflict, act of terrorism or cyber-attack that causes losses insured by our insurance subsidiaries and/or losses to our business operations; the frequency and severity of epidemics, pandemics or other outbreaks, and other events that negatively affect our operating results and restrict our access to borrowed funds through the capital markets at reasonable rates; changes in laws or regulations affecting our insurance, railroad, utilities and energy and finance subsidiaries; changes in federal income tax laws; and changes in general economic and market factors that affect the prices of securities or the industries in which we do business.