Boston Scientific 10-K 2021-12-31
Filed 2022-02-23. 23 sections, 695K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown · JSON
Cover and table of contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, or |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File No. 1-11083
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 04-2695240 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
300 Boston Scientific Way**,** Marlborough**,** Massachusetts 01752-1234
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
508 683-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value | BSX | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
| 0.625% Senior Notes due 2027 | BSX27 | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
| 5.50% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share | BSX PR A | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes: ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes: ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes: ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorted period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes: ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes: ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $60.6 billion based on the last reported sale price of $42.76 of the registrant’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2021, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. (For this computation, the registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of common stock of the registrant reported as beneficially owned by executive officers, and directors of the registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of the registrant.)
The number of shares outstanding of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as of January 31, 2022 was 1,426,724,712.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2021 with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
Our Company
Boston Scientific Corporation is a global developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical devices that are used in a broad range of interventional medical specialties. Our mission is to transform lives through innovative medical solutions that improve the health of patients around the world. As a medical technology leader for more than 40 years, we have advanced the practice of less-invasive medicine by helping physicians and other medical professionals diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases and medical conditions and improve patients’ quality of life by providing alternatives to surgery and other medical procedures that are typically traumatic to the body. Our net sales have increased substantially since our formation, fueled in part by strategic acquisitions designed to improve our ability to take advantage of growth opportunities in the medical device industry and to build diversified portfolios within our core businesses. We advance science for life by providing a broad range of high performance solutions to address unmet patient needs and reduce the cost of healthcare. When used in this report, the terms "we," "us," "our" and "the Company" mean Boston Scientific Corporation and its divisions and subsidiaries.
Business Strategy
We operate pursuant to five strategic imperatives: Strengthen Category Leadership, Expand into High Growth Adjacencies, Drive Global Expansion, Fund the Journey to Fuel Growth and Develop Key Capabilities. We believe that our execution of these strategic imperatives will drive innovation, profitable revenue growth and increase stockholder value while strengthening our leadership position in the medical device industry.
We expect to continue to invest in our core franchises and pursue opportunities to diversify and further expand our presence in strategic, high-growth adjacencies and new global markets, including growth within the countries we define as emerging markets. Our research and development efforts are focused largely on the development of next-generation and novel technology offerings across multiple programs and all divisions. In the past several years, we have completed numerous acquisitions in support of our growth strategy, both strengthening our core franchises and expanding into high growth adjacent markets. We have also accelerated the development of digital tools and technologies to enable us to compete more effectively in the current healthcare environment, where our customers are looking for ways to improve outcomes and lower costs, and to make it easier to do business with Boston Scientific across multiple sites of care. Specifically, we are scaling our digital capabilities to deliver first class physician education, drive deeper patient engagement and increase digitally-enabled sales force productivity.
Our Enterprise Risk Management program analyzes the key risks inherent to achieving our strategic and organizational imperatives. Our ongoing risk assessment helps us to anticipate and adapt to potential challenges to preserve and grow stockholder value. Our Board of Directors oversees our risk management program and focuses on monitoring, and, together with management, mitigating the most significant risks facing the Company, including strategic, operational, reputational, financial, legal and compliance risks.
We have a firm commitment to corporate social responsibility and living our values as a global business and global corporate citizen. This includes taking actions to combat discrimination and advancing equality and diversity, including through financial support of racial equity initiatives in the communities where we live and work, protecting the environment, investing in our employees' health and well-being, and many other initiatives that ultimately help us create value responsibly. Refer to discussion of Community Outreach below and Corporate Sustainability included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding measures we are undertaking.
Product Offerings
Our core businesses are organized into three reportable segments: MedSurg, Rhythm and Neuro, and Cardiovascular. The following describes our key product offerings and new product innovations by reportable segment.
MedSurg
Endoscopy
Gastroenterology and Pulmonary
Our Endoscopy business develops and manufactures devices to diagnose and treat a broad range of gastrointestinal (GI) and pulmonary conditions with innovative, less invasive technologies. Our product offerings include the following:
-
Resolution 360™ Clips and Resolution 360™ ULTRA Clips, hemostatic clipping technology designed to stop and help prevent bleeding during endoscopic procedures,
-
WallFlex™ Biliary Stent Systems, used for relieving biliary obstructions by providing bile drainage in both malignant and benign strictures,
-
AXIOS™ Stents and Electrocautery Enhanced Delivery Systems, the first, and currently only stents in the U.S. indicated for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts,
-
SpyGlass™ DS II Direct Visualization Systems, which bring digital imaging, a wider field of view and a simpler set-up (compared to our legacy SpyGlass System), thus enabling cholangioscopy to play a greater role in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatico-biliary diseases,
-
SpyGlass™ Discover Digital Catheters, the first single-use scopes to enable physicians to take a single-stage approach to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the pancreaticobiliary system, including treating patients with bile duct stones,
-
EXALT™ Model B Single-Use Bronchoscopes for use in a wide range of bronchoscopy procedures in the intensive care unit (ICU) and operating room (OR), such as secretion management, airway intubation, percutaneous tracheostomy, double lumen endotracheal tube placement and biopsies,
-
EXALT™ Model D Single-Use Duodenoscopes for use in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared single-use (disposable) duodenoscopes on the market,
-
Acquire™ Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Biopsy Devices, which are designed to obtain larger tissue specimens for histological assessment and are useful when diagnosing diseases such as pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and stomach lesions,
-
our endoluminal surgery portfolio featuring ORISE™ Gel and ORISE™ ProKnife, designed to be used for submucosal lift of polyps, adenomas, early-stage cancers or other gastrointestinal mucosal lesions prior to excision with a snare or other endoscopic device, and
-
our infection prevention portfolio, which includes a customizable Compliance EndoKit™ and single-use Orca™ Valves, designed to minimize the risk of infection transmission and improve operational efficiencies by streamlining manual cleaning or eliminating the need for cleaning and tracking.
During 2021, we launched our next-generation Resolution 360™ ULTRA Clip, featuring increased jaw length, thickness and volume capacity, and currently the largest through-the-scope hemostasis clip on the market, designed to approximate greater amount of tissue and facilitate stronger closing strength.
Urology and Pelvic Health
Our Urology and Pelvic Health business develops and manufactures devices to treat various urological and pelvic conditions for both male and female anatomies, including kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction, incontinence and pelvic floor disorders. Our product offerings include the following:
-
a comprehensive line of stone management products, including ureteral stents, catheters, baskets, guidewires, sheaths, balloons and stone laser devices,
-
LithoVue™ Single-Use Digital Flexible Ureteroscopes, which deliver detailed high-resolution digital images for high-quality visualization and seamless navigation,
-
our Prost
Showing the first 8K of 87K characters. Open the full section
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. Our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements set forth at the end of Item 1. Business of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The considerations and risks that follow are organized within relevant headings but may be relevant to other headings as well. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
COVID-19 Risks
The ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic and related impacts are having an adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and cash flows. We are unable to predict the extent to which the pandemic and related impacts will continue to adversely impact our business operations, financial performance, results of operations, financial position and the achievement of our strategic objectives.
Our operations, financial performance and cash flows have been negatively impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and the challenging macroeconomic conditions caused by the pandemic, including, but not limited to, disruptions in economic activity, including procedures using our products, disruptions in global supply chains, labor markets, and significant volatility in price and availability of goods and services. These conditions and others may persist and worsen, leading to broader economic downturns, including another U.S. and global economic recession. Because the severity, magnitude, and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing, and difficult to predict, the pandemic’s impact on our results of operations and financial performance, as well as its impact on our ability to execute our business strategies and initiatives successfully, remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Further, the ultimate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our results of operations and financial performance depends on many factors that are not within our control, including, but not limited, to: governmental, business and individuals’ actions that have been and continue to be taken in response to the pandemic (including restrictions on travel, vaccine mandates, transport and workforce pressures, and voluntary or mandated deferrals or postponements of elective procedures); the impact of the pandemic and actions taken in response on global and regional economies, travel, and economic activity; the availability of federal, state, local or non-U.S. funding programs; general economic uncertainty in key global markets and financial market volatility; global economic conditions and levels of economic growth; and the timing and pace of recovery when the COVID-19 pandemic subsides, which could be impacted by a number of factors, including limited provider capacity to perform procedures using our products that were deferred as a result of the pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected, and may continue to subject, our results of operations, financial performance and financial condition to a number of risks, including, but not limited to those discussed below:
-
Operations-related risks: Across our businesses, we have faced operational challenges from the need to protect employee health and safety. Some of these challenges include site shutdowns, workplace disruptions and restrictions on the movement of people, raw materials and goods, both at our facilities and at customers and suppliers'. We also experienced, and may continue experiencing, lower demand and volume for certain products and services, customer requests for payment deferrals or other contract modifications, delays of deliveries and other factors related directly and indirectly to the COVID-19 pandemic that adversely impact our businesses. We are also experiencing increases in prices for, and shortages of, certain parts or components required to manufacture certain of our products. We expect that the longer the period of economic and global supply chain disruption continues, the more material the cumulative adverse impact will be on our business operations, financial performance and results of operations. Our ability to manufacture our products is highly dependent on our ability to maintain the safety and health of our employees. The ability of our employees to work may be significantly impacted by employees contracting or being exposed to COVID-19. Additionally, when economic recovery following the COVID-19 pandemic occurs, we may experience unpredictable increases in demand for certain products, which could exceed our capacity to meet such demand on a timely basis or at all, which could have a material adverse impact on our financial performance and results of operations.
-
Customer-related risks: In particular, as a result of impacts associated with preventive and precautionary measures that we, other businesses and governments have taken to quell the spread of COVID-19 and protect our customers, employees, and the patients receiving our products, we have experienced significant and unpredictable reductions in demand for certain of our products as health care customers re-prioritize the treatment of patients. In certain jurisdictions in the U.S., governmental authorities have recommended, and in certain cases required, that elective procedures be suspended or canceled to avoid non-essential patient exposure to medical environments and potential
infection with COVID-19 and to focus limited resources and personnel capacity toward the treatment of COVID-19. Further, staffing shortages within healthcare facilities, and resulting procedural delays, have and may continue to negatively impact demand for our products. These measures and challenges significantly reduced our net sales and could continue to do so in the future. Further, once the pandemic subsides, we anticipate there may be some continued reluctance upon the part of some patients to seek medical attention in a hospital setting. In addition, for the majority of patients who do seek appointments with physicians and surgeries to be performed at hospitals and ambulatory surgery centers relating to a variety of medical conditions, we anticipate there may be a substantial backlog. As a result, patients seeking to schedule or reschedule elective or deferrable procedures utilizing our products may have to navigate potentially limited healthcare provider capacity. We believe this on-going patient reluctance and potential healthcare provider capacity could continue to have an adverse effect on our net sales.
- Employee-related risks: The severity, magnitude, and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences are uncertain, rapidly changing, and difficult to predict, and we may have to take actions to reduce costs and preserve jobs, including reductions to salary and work hours, restructuring, layoffs and other measures, which may negatively impact our workforce and our business. These negative impacts could include inhibiting our ability to quickly respond to increased customer demand and to take advantage of more favorable economic and market conditions after the pandemic subsides as well as lower productivity and higher employee attrition. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to conditions that have created a highly competitive environment for talent. Our ability to attract and retain key talent at all levels of our organization has been and could continue to be challenged by these conditions, and inability to attract and retain talent could result in material adverse impacts to our business and results of op
Showing the first 8K of 79K characters. Open the full section
Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
Our world headquarters is located in the U.S, in Marlborough, Massachusetts, with principal regional headquarters located in Singapore and Voisins-le-Bretonneux, France. As of December 31, 2021, we maintained 16 principal manufacturing facilities, including eight in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, three in Ireland, two in Costa Rica, one in Malaysia, one in Brazil and one in Switzerland, as well as various distribution and technology centers around the world. Many of these facilities produce and manufacture products for more than one of our divisions, and also perform research activities. Our products are distributed worldwide from primary customer fulfillment centers in Massachusetts, the Netherlands, and Japan. The following is a summary of our facilities as of December 31, 2021 (in approximate square feet):
| Owned**(1)** | Leased**(2)** | Total | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 4,043,041 | 1,257,706 | 5,300,747 | ||||||||||||||
| International | 2,200,042 | 1,916,968 | 4,117,010 | ||||||||||||||
| 6,243,083 | 3,174,674 | 9,417,757 |
(1) Includes our principal manufacturing facilities in Minnesota, Ireland, Puerto Rico and one facility in Costa Rica, our manufacturing facility in Malaysia, our primary customer fulfillment centers in Massachusetts, the Netherlands and Japan, and our global headquarters location in Marlborough, Massachusetts.
(2) Includes our principal manufacturing facilities in California, Indiana, Brazil, Switzerland and one in Costa Rica, and our regional headquarters located in Singapore and Voisins-le-Bretonneux, France.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note K – Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-Kand incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The principal market on which our common stock is traded is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “BSX.”
Holders of Record
As of January 31, 2022, there were 6,226 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends
We did not pay a cash dividend in 2021, 2020 or 2019 on our common stock and currently we do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock. We may consider declaring and paying a cash dividend in the future; however, there can be no assurance that we will do so.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Please see Item 12. "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters" under Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on where to find information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchases
On January 25, 2013, our Board of Directors approved, and on January 29, 2013, we announced, a program authorizing the repurchase of up to $1.000 billion of our common stock (2013 share repurchase program). In 2020, we repurchased approximately $535 million or 15.7 million shares of our common stock under the 2013 share repurchase program, which represented the full amount remaining under that authorization. On December 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved, and we announced, a new stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $1.000 billion of our common stock (2020 share repurchase program). We made no share repurchases in 2021 and, as of December 31, 2021, had the full $1.000 billion remaining available under the 2020 share repurchase program. Refer to Note L – Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
There were no purchases of equity securities by the issuer or affiliated purchases in the fourth quarter of 2021, required to be reported here.
Stock Performance Graph
The graph below compares the five-year total return to stockholders on our common stock with the return of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Stock Index and the S&P Healthcare Equipment Index. The graph assumes $100 was invested in our common stock and in each of the named indices on December 31, 2016 and that any dividends were reinvested.

Note: The stock price performance shown on the graph above is not indicative of future price performance. This graph shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Item 6. RESERVED
Not applicable.
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis provides information management believes to be relevant to understanding the financial condition and results of operations of Boston Scientific Corporation and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020. For a full understanding of our financial condition and results of operations, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For additional information on our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019, refer to our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K.
COVID-19 Pandemic
In December 2019, the novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2), and its disease commonly known as COVID-19 (COVID-19), was reported in China and has since widely impacted the global public health and economic environment. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19, including all additional variations and strains thereof, a global pandemic (COVID-19 pandemic). While the majority of procedures using our products are deferrable, most of the conditions that we treat are generally fairly acute and cannot be deferred for extended periods. As the pandemic spread worldwide, many elective and semi-emergent procedures have been postponed, particularly during the second half of 2020 and first half of 2021, enabling hospital staff to focus critical resources on caring for COVID-19 patients.
Because the severity, magnitude, and duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic consequences continue to be uncertain, the pandemic’s impact on our operations and financial performance, as well as its impact on our ability to execute our business strategies and initiatives successfully, remains uncertain and difficult to predict. Procedural delays from the further resurgence of COVID-19 infections and the emergence of new, more contagious variant strains of COVID-19, as well as staffing shortages within healthcare facilities, have and may continue to negatively impact demand for our products, net sales, gross profit margin and operating expenses as a percentage of net sales. In addition, conditions created by the COVID-19 pandemic, the economic recovery that has followed in many areas and other macroeconomic factors have led to a challenging labor market in which we compete, which affects our ability to retain and attract new talent as well as put inflationary pressure on certain operational costs due to wage increases. Further, we face and may continue to face, increases in the cost and limited availability of raw materials, components, and other inputs necessary to manufacture and distribute our products due to constraints within the global supply chain, as well as increases in the cost and time to distribute our products.
We continue to focus our efforts on the health and safety of patients, healthcare providers and employees, while executing our mission of transforming lives through innovative medical solutions to improve the health of patients around the world. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, our global crisis management team has focused on protecting our employees and customers, optimizing our operations and securing our supply chain. We have successfully implemented business continuity plans including establishing a medical advisory group for employees, leveraging work from home infrastructure to facilitate social distancing and accelerating capabilities to provide remote physician support. We will continue to be guided by our values and mission and monitor our return-to-office strategy based on science and data for the health and safety of our employees. While we expect the COVID-19 pandemic will continue to negatively impact our performance to an extent, we continue to believe our long-term fundamentals remain strong and we will manage through these challenges with strategic focus and the winning spirit of our global team.
Executive Summary
Financial Highlights and Trends
In 2021, we generated net sales of $11.888 billion, as compared to $9.913 billion in 2020. This increase of $1.975 billion, or 19.9 percent, included operational growth of 18.7 percent and the positive impact of 130 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations.1 Operational net sales included $212 million in 2021 associated with our acquisitions of Preventice Solutions, Inc. (Preventice), Farapulse, Inc. (Farapulse) and the global surgical business of Lumenis, LTD (Lumenis), for which there were no prior period net sales. Operational net sales also included $202 million in 2020 associated with our intrauterine health franchise and the Specialty Pharmaceuticals business, divested in the second quarter of 2020 and first quarter of 2021, respectively. The increase in our net sales was primarily driven by the recovery of elective and semi-emergent procedure volumes compared to the prior year when the COVID-19 pandemic had a more significant impact on our net sales. Refer to the Business and Market Overview section for further discussion of our net sales by global business.
Our reported net income available to common stockholders in 2021 was $985 million, or $0.69 per diluted share. Our reported results for 2021 included certain charges and/or credits totaling $1.351 billion (after-tax), or $0.94 per diluted share. Excluding these items, adjusted net income available to common stockholders for 2021 was $2.336 billion, or $1.63 per diluted share.1,2
Our reported net loss available to common stockholders in 2020 was $115 million, or $0.08 per diluted share. Our reported results for 2020 included certain charges and/or credits totaling $1.492 billion (after-tax), or $1.04 per diluted share. Excluding these items, adjusted net income for 2020 was $1.378 billion, or $0.96 per diluted share.1,2
1 Operational net sales growth rates, which exclude the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and adjusted measures, which exclude certain items required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP), are not prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a replacement for, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Refer to Additional Information for a discussion of management’s use of these non-GAAP financial measures.
2In May 2020, we completed an offering of 10,062,500 shares of 5.50% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A (MCPS) at a price to the public and liquidation preference of $100 per share. Refer to the reconciliations below for the impact of the MCPS cumulative preferred stock dividends on our calculations of earnings per share (EPS).
The following is a reconciliation of our results of operations prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to those adjusted results considered by management. Refer to Results of Operations for a discussion of each reconciling item:
| Year Ended December 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share data) | Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Net Income (Loss) | Preferred Stock Dividends | Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders | Impact per Share**(3)** | ||||||||||||||
| Reported | $ | 1,076 | $ | 36 | $ | 1,041 | $ | (55) | $ | 985 | $ | 0.69 | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expense | 741 | (65) | 676 | — | 676 | 0.47 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill and other intangible asset impai |
Showing the first 8K of 116K characters. Open the full section
Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We develop, manufacture and sell medical devices globally and our earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risk from changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. We address these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We operate the program pursuant to documented corporate risk management policies. We do not enter derivative transactions for speculative purposes. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments substantially offset losses and gains on underlying hedged exposures. Furthermore, we manage our exposure to counterparty risk on derivative instruments by entering into contracts with a diversified group of major financial institutions and by actively monitoring outstanding positions.
Our currency risk consists primarily of foreign currency denominated firm commitments, forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany and third-party transactions and net investments in certain subsidiaries. We use both nonderivative (primarily manufacturing operations outside the U.S.) and derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. We had currency derivative instruments outstanding in the contract amount of $8.381 billion as of December 31, 2021 and $10.481 billion as of December 31, 2020. A ten percent appreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would increase the derivative instruments’ fair value by $298 million as of December 31, 2021 as compared to $333 million as of December 31, 2020. A ten percent depreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would decrease the derivative instruments’ fair value by $364 million as of December 31, 2021 as compared to $407 million as of December 31, 2020. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of our currency exchange rate sensitive derivative instruments would be substantially offset by a corresponding decrease or increase in the fair value of the hedged underlying asset, liability or forecasted transaction, resulting in minimal impact on our consolidated statements of operations.
Our interest rate risk relates primarily to U.S. dollar and euro-denominated borrowings partially offset by U.S. dollar cash investments. We have historically used interest rate derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in interest rates. We had no interest rate derivative instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2021, $9.121 billion in aggregate principal amount of our outstanding debt obligations were at fixed interest rates, representing approximately 100 percent of our total debt, on an amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2021, our outstanding debt obligations at fixed interest rates were comprised of senior notes.
See Note E – Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our derivative financial instruments.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Boston Scientific Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Boston Scientific Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2021 and 2020, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2021, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 23, 2022 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
| Description of the Matter | Business Combinations | ||||
| As disclosed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, during 2021, the Company completed four acquisitions for total aggregate purchase price of $3.3 billion, net of cash acquired. The transactions were accounted for as business combinations. In certain acquisitions, the Company has recognized a liability for acquisition consideration that is contingent upon achieving either research and development, commercialization, or sales-based milestones. The Company determines the fair value of these contingent consideration arrangements, both as part of the initial purchase price allocation, and on an ongoing basis each reporting period until the arrangements are settled. As of December 31, 2021, the amount accrued for future estimated contingent consideration is $486 million, which represents a Level 3 estimate in the fair value hierarchy due to the significant unobservable inputs used in determining the fair value and the use of management judgment about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the liabilities. Auditing the Company’s accounting for its acquisitions was complex due to the significant estimation required by management to determine the fair value of identified intangible assets, which totaled $1.2 billion and principally consisted of developed technology, and to determine the fair value of contingent consideration arrangements. A significant emphasis is placed on the appropriateness of the estimates used by management to determine the fair value of acquired intangible assets due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to the underlying assumptions. The Company used an income approach to measure the technology-related intangible assets. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the forecasted results, including revenue growth rates, estimates of technological obsolescence, operating profit margin and market participant synergies. The significance of the estimations used by management to determine the fair value of contingent consideration was primarily due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to the underlying assumptions. The significant assumptions include estimation of the probability and timing of payment, future sales forecasts, as well as the appropriate discount rate based on the estimated timing of payments. These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. | |||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the controls over the Company’s accounting for acquisitions. For example, we tested controls over the identification and valuation of intangible assets, including the valuation models and underlying assumptions used to develop such estimates. We also tested controls over the valuation of the contingent consideration liability, including the valuation models and underlying assumptions used to develop such estimates. For each of the Company's acquisitions, we read the purchase agreements, evaluated the significant assumptions and methods used in developing the fair value estimates, and tested the recognition of (1) the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value; (2) the identifiable intangible assets acquired at fair value; and (3) goodwill measured as a residual. To test the estimated fair value of the intangible assets, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, evaluating the Company's use of the income approach and testing the significant assumptions used in the model, as described above. In testing the valuation of contingent consideration, we assessed, among other things, the terms of the arrangements and the conditions that must be met for the amounts to become payable. We evaluated the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the analyses. For example, we compared the significant assumptions to current industry, market and economic trends, to the assumptions used to value similar assets in other acquisitions, to the historical results of the acquired business and to other guideline companies within the same industry. We involved our valuation professionals to assist with our evaluation of the methodology used by the Company and significant assumptions included in the fair value estimates. |
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1992.
Boston, Massachusetts
February 23, 2022
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share data) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 11,888 | $ | 9,913 | $ | 10,735 | |||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | 3,711 | 3,465 | 3,116 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 8,177 | 6,448 | 7,620 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,359 | 3,787 | 3,941 | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 1,204 | 1,143 | 1,174 | ||||||||||||||
| Royalty expense | 49 | 45 | 65 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization expense | 741 | 789 | 699 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment charges | — | 73 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset impairment charges | 370 | 460 | 105 | ||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration net expense (benefit) | (136) | (100) | (35) | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring net charges (credits) | 40 | 52 | 38 | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation-related net charges (credits) | 430 | 278 | 115 | ||||||||||||||
| Gains on disposal of businesses and assets | (78) | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| 6,978 | 6,528 | 6,102 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 1,199 | (80) | 1,518 | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (341) | (361) | (473) | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | 218 | 362 | (358) | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,076 | (79) | 687 | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax (benefit) expense | 36 | 2 | (4,013) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 1,041 | (82) | 4,700 | ||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | (55) | (33) | — | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common stockholders | $ | 985 | $ | (115) | $ | 4,700 | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share — basic | $ | 0.69 | $ | (0.08) | $ | 3.38 | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share — assuming dilution | $ | 0.69 | $ | (0.08) | $ | 3.33 | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 1,422.3 | 1,416.7 | 1,391.5 | ||||||||||||||
| Assuming dilution | 1,433.8 | 1,416.7 | 1,410.6 |
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 1,041 | $ | (82) | $ | 4,700 | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (125) | 76 | 195 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in derivative financial instruments | 170 | (137) | 62 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in defined benefit pensions and other items | 11 | (1) | (20) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 56 | (63) | 237 | ||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 1,096 | $ | (145) | $ | 4,937 |
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in millions, except share and per share data) | 2021 | 2020 | |||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,925 | $ | 1,734 | |||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 1,778 | 1,531 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,610 | 1,351 | |||||||||
| Prepaid income taxes | 205 | 194 | |||||||||
| Assets held for sale | — | 1,133 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 799 | 751 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 6,317 | 6,694 | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,252 | 2,084 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 11,988 | 9,951 | |||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | 6,121 | 5,917 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 4,142 | 4,210 | |||||||||
| Other long-term assets | 1,410 | 1,921 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 32,229 | $ | 30,777 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Current debt obligations | $ | 261 | $ | 13 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | 794 | 513 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 2,436 | 2,197 | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 783 | 958 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 4,274 | 3,681 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 8,804 | 9,130 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 310 | 330 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 2,220 | 2,309 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued 10,062,500 shares as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | — | — | |||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 2,000,000,000 shares; issued 1,688,810,052 shares as of December 31, 2021 and 1,679,911,918 shares as of December 31, 2020 | 17 | 17 | |||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost - 263,289,848 shares as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | (2,251) | (2,251) | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 19,986 | 19,732 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (1,392) | (2,378) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |
Showing the first 8K of 298K characters. Open the full section
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2021 pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and ensure that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on their evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that as of December 31, 2021, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management’s annual report on our internal control over financial reporting is contained in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The report of Ernst & Young LLP on our internal control over financial reporting is contained in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2021, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting. Further, while many of our employees worked remotely to adhere to COVID-19 social distancing requirements, this did not affect our ability to maintain financial reporting systems, internal controls over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we were leveraging electronic tools to facilitate our global close process and to connect our physically dispersed team of finance professionals in offices around the world. While the quarterly close cycle was performed remotely, fundamentally, the work performed, and the processes and controls executed did not change.
During 2022, we will begin a multi-year implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, which will replace our existing system. The implementation is expected to occur in phases over the next several years. As the phased implementation occurs, it may result in changes to our processes and procedures which may result in changes to our internal controls over financial reporting. As such changes occur, we will evaluate quarterly whether they materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, New York, NY, (PCAOB ID 42).
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2021 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
The response to this portion of Item 15 is set forth under Item 8.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
The response to this portion of Item 15 (Schedule II) follows the signature page to this report. All other financial statement schedules are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
(a)(3) Exhibits (* documents filed or furnished with this report, ** certain schedules and exhibits omitted pursuant to Item 601(b)(2) of Regulation S-K. We agree to furnish supplementally a copy of any omitted schedule or exhibit to the SEC upon request, # compensatory plans or arrangements)
Showing the first 8K of 71K characters. Open the full section
Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | Boston Scientific Corporation | |||||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Daniel J. Brennan | |||||||||||||
| Daniel J. Brennan | ||||||||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Daniel J. Brennan | ||||||||||||
| Daniel J. Brennan | ||||||||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Michael F. Mahoney | ||||||||||||
| Michael F. Mahoney | ||||||||||||||
| Director, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Jonathan R. Monson | ||||||||||||
| Jonathan R. Monson | ||||||||||||||
| Vice President, Global Controller and Chief Accounting Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) |
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Nelda J. Connors | ||||||||||||
| Nelda J. Connors | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Charles J. Dockendorff | ||||||||||||
| Charles J. Dockendorff | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Yoshiaki Fujimori | ||||||||||||
| Yoshiaki Fujimori | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Donna A. James | ||||||||||||
| Donna A. James | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Edward J. Ludwig | ||||||||||||
| Edward J. Ludwig | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ David J. Roux | ||||||||||||
| David J. Roux | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ John E. Sununu | ||||||||||||
| John E. Sununu | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ David S. Wichmann | ||||||||||||
| David S. Wichmann | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2022 | By: | /s/ Ellen M. Zane | ||||||||||||
| Ellen M. Zane | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
Schedule II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in millions)
| Description | Balance at Beginning of Year | Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13 (a) | Credit loss exposure (a) | Write-offs (c) | Balance at End of Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for credit losses | $ | 105 | n/a | 28 | (25) | $ | 108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for credit losses (b) | $ | 74 | 10 | 49 | (27) | $ | 105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2019: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for uncollectible accounts | $ | 68 | n/a | 23 | (17) | $ | 74 |
(a) Following the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 326 as of January 1, 2020, we record credit loss reserves to Allowance for credit losses when we establish Trade accounts receivable if credit losses are expected over the asset's contractual life. As a result of the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 326, we recorded a net reduction to opening retained earnings on January 1, 2020 related to the establishment of credit loss reserves on Trade accounts receivable and recorded a corresponding increase in the Allowance for credit losses, a contra Trade accounts receivable account. Prior period amounts have not been restated and are presented in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 310. Amounts shown within credit loss exposure above were established through selling, general and administrative expense.
(b) Beginning in 2020, Allowance for uncollectible accounts are referred to as Allowance for credit losses within our consolidated balance sheets.
(c) Represents actual write-offs of uncollectible accounts.