Boston Scientific 10-K 2022-12-31
Filed 2023-02-23. 23 sections, 611K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown · JSON
Cover and table of contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
| ☑ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, or |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission File No. 1-11083
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 04-2695240 | |||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
300 Boston Scientific Way**,** Marlborough**,** Massachusetts 01752-1234
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
508 683-4000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||||||||
| Common Stock, $0.01 par value | BSX | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
| 0.625% Senior Notes due 2027 | BSX27 | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||||||||
| 5.50% Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, Series A, par value $0.01 per share | BSX PR A | New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
NONE
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes: ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes: ☐ No ☑
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes: ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorted period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes: ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | ☑ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||
| Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐ | ||||||||
| Emerging growth company | ☐ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☑
If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes: ☐ No ☑
The aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates was approximately $53.2 billion based on the last reported sale price of $37.27 of the registrant’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2022, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter. (For this computation, the registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of common stock of the registrant reported as beneficially owned by executive officers, and directors of the registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an affiliate of the registrant.)
The number of shares outstanding of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, as of January 31, 2023 was 1,434,780,104.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed within 120 days of December 31, 2022 with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with its 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Item 1. BUSINESS
Our Company
Boston Scientific Corporation is a global developer, manufacturer and marketer of medical devices that are used in a broad range of interventional medical specialties. Our mission is to transform lives through innovative medical solutions that improve the health of patients around the world. As a medical technology leader for more than 40 years, we have advanced the practice of less-invasive medicine by helping physicians and other medical professionals diagnose and treat a wide range of diseases and medical conditions and improve patients’ quality of life by providing alternatives to surgery and other medical procedures that are typically traumatic to the body. We advance science for life by providing a broad range of high performance solutions to address unmet patient needs and reduce the cost of healthcare. When used in this report, the terms "we," "us," "our" and "the Company" mean Boston Scientific Corporation and its divisions and subsidiaries.
Business Strategy
We operate pursuant to five strategic imperatives. We aim to: Strengthen Category Leadership, Expand into High Growth Adjacencies, Drive Global Expansion, Fund the Journey to Fuel Growth and Develop Key Capabilities. We believe that our execution of these strategic imperatives will help us deliver on our mission, drive innovation and increase value for our customers and employees, while strengthening our leadership position in the medical device industry and delivering profitable revenue growth.
We expect to continue to invest in our core franchises and pursue opportunities to diversify and further expand our presence in strategic, high-growth adjacencies and new global markets, including growth within the countries we define as emerging markets. Maintaining and expanding our international presence is an important component of our long-term growth strategy. Through our international presence, we seek to increase net sales and market share, leverage our relationships with leading physicians and their clinical research programs, accelerate the time to bring new products to market and gain access to worldwide technological developments that we can implement across our product lines. Our research and development efforts are focused largely on the development of next-generation and novel technology offerings across multiple programs and all divisions. In the past several years, we have completed numerous acquisitions in support of our growth strategy, both strengthening our core franchises and expanding into high growth adjacent markets. We continue to develop digital tools and technologies that enable us to compete more effectively and deliver first class remote physician education, drive deeper patient engagement and increase digitally-enabled sales force productivity.
We have a firm commitment to corporate social responsibility and living our values as a global business and global corporate citizen. This includes taking actions to combat discrimination and advancing equality and diversity, including through financial support of racial equity initiatives in the communities where we live and work, protecting the environment, investing in our employees' health and well-being, and many other initiatives that we believe ultimately help us create value responsibly. Refer to discussion of Community Outreach below and Corporate Sustainability included in Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information regarding measures we are undertaking.
Product Offerings
Our core businesses are organized into two reportable segments: MedSurg and Cardiovascular. The following describes our key product offerings and new product innovations by reportable segment.
MedSurg
Endoscopy
Our Endoscopy business develops and manufactures devices to diagnose and treat a broad range of gastrointestinal and pulmonary conditions with innovative, less invasive technologies. Our product offerings include the following:
-
Resolution 360™ Clips and Resolution 360™ ULTRA Clips, hemostatic clipping technology designed to stop and help prevent bleeding during endoscopic procedures,
-
WallFlex™ Biliary Stent Systems, used for relieving biliary obstructions by providing bile drainage in both malignant and benign strictures,
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AXIOS™ Stents and Electrocautery Enhanced Delivery Systems, the first, and currently only stents systems in the U.S. indicated for endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts,
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SpyGlass™ DS II Direct Visualization Systems and SpyGlass™ Discover Digital Catheters, the first single-use scopes to enable physicians to take a single-stage approach to diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in the pancreaticobiliary system, including treating patients with bile duct stones,
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EXALT™ Model D Single-Use Duodenoscopes for use in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures, the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared single-use (disposable) duodenoscopes on the market,
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Acquire™ Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Biopsy Devices, which are designed to obtain larger tissue specimens for histological assessment and diagnosis of diseases such as pancreatic cancer, liver cancer and stomach lesions and
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our infection prevention portfolio, designed to minimize the risk of infection transmission and improve operational efficiencies by streamlining manual cleaning or eliminating the need for cleaning and tracking.
Urology
Our Urology business develops and manufactures devices to treat various urological and pelvic conditions for both male and female anatomies, including kidney stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostate cancer, erectile dysfunction and incontinence. Our product offerings include the following:
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a comprehensive line of stone management products, including ureteral stents, catheters, baskets, guidewires, sheaths and balloons,
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LithoVue™ Single-Use Digital Flexible Ureteroscopes, which deliver detailed high-resolution digital images for high-quality visualization and seamless navigation,
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Lumenis Pulse™ Holmium Laser Systems with MOSES™ Technology, complemented by a full line of laser fibers and accessories used in urology and otolaryngology procedures,
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our Prosthetic Urology portfolio, which includes AMS 700™, our penile implants to treat erectile dysfunction and AMS 800™, our urinary control systems to treat male urinary incontinence,
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GreenLight XPS™ Laser System, MoXy™ Fiber, and Rezūm™ Systems for treatment of BPH and
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SpaceOAR™ Hydrogel Systems which help reduce side effects that men may experience after receiving radiotherapy to treat prostate cancer, together with our SpaceOAR VUE™ Hydrogel, providing clinicians with enhanced product visualization.
In the third quarter of 2022, we launched the Rezūm™ Water Vapor Therapy System in Japan following regulatory approval from Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) and received approval of a new reimbursement category from Japan’s Central Social Insurance Medical Counsel (Chuikyo) for both the device and procedure.
In the first quarter of 2023, we received FDA clearance for and will begin a limited market release of our LithoVue™ Elite Single-Use Digital Flexible Ureteroscope System, the first ureteroscope system with the ability to monitor intrarenal pressure in real-time during ureteroscopy procedures.
Neuromodulation
Our Neuromodulation business develops and manufactures devices to treat various neurological movement disorders and manage chronic pain. Our product offerings include the following:
- Precision Montage™ and WaveWriter Alpha™ Spinal Cord Stimulator (SCS) Systems, designed to provide improved pain relief to a wide range of patients who suffer from chronic pain, with proprietary features such as Multiple Independent Current Control, our Illumina 3D™ Proprietary Programming Software and FAST™ Therapy for prof
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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the exhibits hereto, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. Our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. This section contains forward-looking statements. You should refer to the explanation of the qualifications and limitations on forward-looking statements set forth at the end of Item 1. Business of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The considerations and risks that follow are organized within relevant headings but may be relevant to other headings as well. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows or results of operations.
General Risks
Challenging domestic and international economic conditions could adversely affect our business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.
Uncertainty around inflationary pressures, rising interest rates and monetary policy could potentially cause new, or exacerbate existing, economic challenges that we may face. These conditions could worsen, or others could arise, if the U.S. and global economies were to enter recessionary periods, triggered or exacerbated by monetary policy designed to curb inflation. If there were a general economic downturn, we may experience decreased customer spending or demand for our products and services, and our customers’ ability to pay for our products on a timely basis, or at all, may be impacted. The same economic conditions could also adversely affect our third-party vendors, including those that we utilize in our supply-chain and manufacturing operations, which may lead to a reduction or interruption in the supply of materials and components used in manufacturing our products or increase the price of such materials or components, as well as the distributors and dealers who offer our products in certain countries and markets. Inflationary pressure may also increase certain operational costs, including due to wage increases, or increases in the cost of materials or components. These adverse economic conditions or events could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.
Further, uncertainty about global economic conditions, including those resulting from credit and sovereign debt issues, has caused and may continue to cause disruption in the financial markets, including diminished liquidity and credit availability. These conditions may adversely affect our suppliers, leading them to experience financial difficulties or be unable to borrow money to fund their operations, which could cause disruptions in our ability to produce our products. Our customers may experience financial difficulties or be unable to borrow money to fund their operations, which may adversely impact their ability or decision to purchase our products, particularly capital equipment, or to pay for our products that they purchase on a timely basis, if at all. In addition, we have accounts receivable factoring programs in certain European and Asian countries. Deterioration of the global economy or increase in sovereign debt issues may impact our ability to transfer receivables to third parties in certain of those countries. Third parties, such as banks, offering factoring programs in these countries are looking to reduce their exposure levels to government owned or supported debt. This could result in terminations of, or changes to the costs or credit limits of our existing factoring programs. Such terminations or changes could have a negative impact on our cash flow and days sales outstanding. Uncertain or challenging economic conditions could also lead to greater fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial performance.
There can be no assurance that there will not be further deterioration in the global economy. Accordingly, we cannot predict to what extent global economic conditions, including negative or uncertain economic conditions, sovereign debt issues and increased focus on healthcare systems and costs in the U.S. and abroad, may impact negatively our average selling prices, net sales and profit margins, operations, procedural volumes and reimbursement rates from third party payers. In addition, economic and financial market conditions, including rising interest rates, and other factors beyond our control may adversely affect our ability to borrow money in the credit markets, access the capital markets and obtain financing for mergers and acquisitions (M&A) or other general purposes.
Market Risks
We face intense competition and may not be able to keep pace with the rapid technological changes in the medical devices industry, which could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
The medical device markets in which we participate are highly competitive. We encounter significant competition across our product lines and in each market in which our products are sold from various medical device companies. Some of our competitors may have greater financial and marketing resources than we do, including as a result of consolidation among companies in our industry. Our primary competitors include Abbott Laboratories and Medtronic plc, as well as a wide range of medical device companies that sell a single or limited number of competitive products or which participate in only a specific
market segment or segments. We also face competition from non-medical device companies, including pharmaceutical companies and providers of various diagnostic tests, which may offer alternative therapies or diagnostics for disease states also amenable to treatment or diagnosis using our products. New competitors may emerge in the future, potentially including companies introducing new sales or distribution models to our industry or leveraging genomic robotic, navigation, and/or other automation technologies. Digital technologies have and may continue to increase in their applicability and importance to various aspects of our business, operating and competitive environments, R&D pipeline and product portfolio. We believe we will need to develop new and enhanced digital capabilities and competences in order to remain competitive.
In addition, the medical device markets in which we participate are characterized by extensive research and development and rapid technological change. Developments by other companies of products and/or services, processes or technologies may make our products or proposed products obsolete or less competitive and may negatively impact our net sales. It is necessary for us to devote continued efforts and financial resources to the development or acquisition of scientifically advanced technologies and products. In addition, we will need to apply our technologies cost-effectively across product lines and markets, obtain patent and other protection for our technologies and products, obtain required regulatory and reimbursement approvals and successfully manufacture and market our products consistent with our quality standards. If we fail to develop or acquire new products or enhance existing products, such failure could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, a delay in the timing of the launch of next-generation products and the overall performance of, and continued physician confidence in, those products may result in declines in our market share and have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
**We may experience declines in market size, average selling prices for our products, medical procedure volumes and our share of the markets in which we compete, which may materially adversely affect our
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Item 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
Item 2. PROPERTIES
Our world headquarters is located in the U.S, in Marlborough, Massachusetts, with principal regional headquarters located in Singapore and Voisins-le-Bretonneux, France. As of December 31, 2022, we maintained 15 principal manufacturing facilities, including eight in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, three in Ireland, two in Costa Rica, one in Malaysia, and one in Brazil, as well as various distribution and technology centers around the world. Many of these facilities produce and manufacture products for more than one of our divisions, and also perform research activities. Our products are distributed worldwide from primary customer fulfillment centers in Massachusetts, the Netherlands, Malaysia and Japan. The following is a summary of our facilities as of December 31, 2022 (in approximate square feet):
| Owned**(1)** | Leased**(2)** | Total | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. | 4,043,041 | 1,038,419 | 5,081,460 | ||||||||||||||
| International | 2,424,123 | 2,026,634 | 4,450,757 | ||||||||||||||
| 6,467,164 | 3,065,053 | 9,532,217 |
(1) Includes our principal manufacturing facilities in Minnesota, Ireland, Puerto Rico and Coyol, Costa Rica, our manufacturing facility in Malaysia, our primary customer fulfillment centers in Massachusetts, the Netherlands, Malaysia and Japan, as well as our global headquarters located in Marlborough, Massachusetts.
(2) Includes our principal manufacturing facilities in California, Indiana, Brazil and Heredia, Costa Rica, as well as our regional headquarters located in Singapore and Voisins-le-Bretonneux, France.
Item 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note I – Commitments and Contingencies to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-Kand incorporated herein by reference.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
PART II
Item 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market Information
The principal market on which our common stock is traded is the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol “BSX.”
Holders of Record
As of January 31, 2023, there were 5,752 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividends
We did not pay a cash dividend in 2022, 2021 or 2020 on our common stock and currently we do not intend to pay cash dividends on our common stock. We may consider declaring and paying a cash dividend in the future; however, there can be no assurance that we will do so.
Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans
Please see Item 12. "Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters" under Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information on where to find information required by Item 201(d) of Regulation S-K.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchases
On December 14, 2020, our Board of Directors approved, and we announced, a new stock repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to $1.000 billion of our common stock (2020 Share Repurchase Program). We made no share repurchases in 2022 or 2021 and, as of December 31, 2022, had the full $1.000 billion remaining available under the 2020 Share Repurchase Program. Refer to Note J – Stockholders' Equity to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
There were no purchases of equity securities by the issuer or affiliated purchases in the fourth quarter of 2022, required to be reported here.
Stock Performance Graph
The graph below compares the five-year total return to stockholders on our common stock with the return of the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Stock Index and the S&P Healthcare Equipment Index. The graph assumes $100 was invested in our common stock and in each of the named indices on December 31, 2017 and that any dividends were reinvested.

Note: The stock price performance shown on the graph above is not indicative of future price performance. This graph shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
Item 6. RESERVED
Not applicable.
Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis provides information management believes to be relevant to understanding the financial condition and results of operations of Boston Scientific Corporation and its subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. For a full understanding of our financial condition and results of operations, this discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
For additional information on our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2020, refer to our previously filed Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Economic Trends
Uncertainty around inflationary pressures, rising interest rates, monetary policy and changes in tax laws could potentially cause new, or exacerbate existing, economic challenges that we may face, including the impact of foreign currency fluctuations on our results of operations. These conditions could worsen, or others could arise, if the U.S. and global economies were to enter recessionary periods, triggered or exacerbated by monetary policy designed to curb inflation. Existing and future potential geopolitical dynamics, including matters related to the Russia/Ukraine war, as well as the tension between China/Taiwan, may create economic, supply chain, energy, and other challenges, which impact, and may in the future negatively impact our business. In particular, international conflicts may result in sanctions, tariffs, and other measures that restrict international trade and negatively affect our business operations and results. In 2022, we experienced increases in cost and limited availability of raw materials, components, and other inputs necessary to manufacture and distribute our products due to constraints and inflation within the global supply chain, as well as increases in wage costs and the cost and time to distribute our products. In 2023, we expect the impact of macroeconomic and supply chain conditions on our business to be similar to 2022.
COVID-19 Pandemic
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19, including all additional variations and strains thereof, a global pandemic (COVID-19 pandemic). Economic conditions created in part by the COVID-19 pandemic, have had, and may in the future have, a negative impact on our profitability. Further, the resurgence of COVID-19 infections and the emergence of new, more contagious variant strains of COVID-19, as well as staffing shortages within healthcare facilities, may negatively impact demand for our products, net sales, gross profit margin and operating expenses as a percentage of net sales. While the COVID-19 pandemic and related impacts may continue to negatively impact our performance to an extent, we continue to believe our long-term fundamentals remain strong and we intend to manage through these challenges with strategic focus and the winning spirit of our global team.
Executive Summary
Financial Highlights and Trends
In 2022, we generated net sales of $12.682 billion, compared to $11.888 billion in 2021. This increase of $794 million, or 6.7 percent, included operational1 growth of 11.1 percent and the negative impact of 440 basis points from foreign currency fluctuations. Operational net sales growth included organic2 net sales growth of 8.7 percent in 2022 and the positive impact of 240 basis points from our acquisitions of Preventice Solutions, Inc. (Preventice), Farapulse, Inc. (Farapulse), the global surgical business of Lumenis, LTD (Lumenis) and Baylis Medical Company Inc. (Baylis Medical) for which there is less than a full period of comparable net sales. The increase in our net sales was primarily driven by recent acquisitions as well as the strength and diversity of our product portfolio coupled with growth in the underlying markets in which we compete and strong commercial execution. Refer to the Business and Market Overview section for further discussion of our net sales by global business.
Our reported net income available to common stockholders in 2022 was $642 million, or $0.45 per diluted share. Our reported results for 2022 included certain charges and/or credits which are excluded by management for purposes of assessing operating performance, totaling $1.816 billion (after-tax), or $1.26 per diluted share. Excluding these items, adjusted net income available to common stockholders1 for 2022 was $2.459 billion, or $1.71 per diluted share.
Our reported net income available to common stockholders in 2021 was $985 million, or $0.69 per diluted share. Our reported results for 2021 included certain charges and/or credits which are excluded by management for purposes of assessing operating performance, totaling $1.351 billion (after-tax), or $0.94 per diluted share. Excluding these items, adjusted net income available to common stockholders1 for 2021 was $2.336 billion, or $1.63 per diluted share.
1 Operational net sales growth rates, which exclude the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, and other adjusted measures, including organic net sales, which exclude certain items required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (U.S. GAAP), are not prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a replacement for, the most directly comparable GAAP measure. Refer to Additional Information for a discussion of management’s use of these non-GAAP financial measures.
2 Organic net sales growth excludes the impact of foreign currency fluctuations and net sales attributable to acquisitions and divestitures for which there are less than a full period of comparable net sales.
The following is a reconciliation of our results of operations prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP to those adjusted results considered by management. Refer to Results of Operations for a discussion of each reconciling item:
| Year Ended December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share data) | Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes | Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Net Income (Loss) | Preferred Stock Dividends | Net Income (Loss) Available to Common Stockholders | Impact per Share**(3)** | ||||||||||||||
| Reported | $ | 1,141 | $ | 443 | $ | 698 | $ | (55) | $ | 642 | $ | 0.45 | ||||||||
| Non-GAAP adjustments: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Amortization expense | 803 | (109) | 694 | — | 694 | 0.48 | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset impairment charges | 132 | (29) | 102 | — | 102 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||||
| Acquisition/divestiture-related net charges (credits) | 285 | 53 | 338 | — | 338 | 0.24 | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring and restructuring-related net charges (credits) | 110 | (14) | 96 | — | 96 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation-related net charges (credits) | 173 | (40) | 133 | — | 133 | 0.09 | ||||||||||||||
| Investment portfolio net losses (gains) | (30) | 2 | (28) | — | (28) | (0.02) | ||||||||||||||
| European Union (EU) Medical device regulation (MDR) implementation costs | 71 | (10) | 62 | — | 62 | 0.04 | ||||||||||||||
| Debt extinguishment charges | 194 | (45) | 149 | — | 149 | 0.10 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax expenses (benefits) | — | 140 | 140 | — | 140 | 0.10 | ||||||||||||||
| Discrete tax items |
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Item 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We develop, manufacture and sell medical devices globally and our earnings and cash flows are exposed to market risk from changes in currency exchange rates and interest rates. We address these risks through a risk management program that includes the use of derivative financial instruments. We operate the program pursuant to documented corporate risk management policies. We do not enter derivative transactions for speculative purposes. Gains and losses on derivative financial instruments substantially offset losses and gains on underlying hedged exposures. Furthermore, we manage our exposure to counterparty risk on derivative instruments by entering into contracts with a diversified group of major financial institutions and by actively monitoring outstanding positions.
Our currency risk consists primarily of foreign currency denominated firm commitments, forecasted foreign currency denominated intercompany and third-party transactions and net investments in certain subsidiaries. We use both nonderivative (primarily manufacturing operations outside the U.S.) and derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in currency exchange rates. We had currency derivative instruments outstanding in the contract amount of $7.324 billion as of December 31, 2022 and $8.381 billion as of December 31, 2021. A ten percent appreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would increase the derivative instruments’ fair value by $208 million as of December 31, 2022 compared to $298 million as of December 31, 2021. A ten percent depreciation in the U.S. dollar’s value relative to the hedged currencies would decrease the derivative instruments’ fair value by $254 million as of December 31, 2022 compared to $364 million as of December 31, 2021. Any increase or decrease in the fair value of our currency exchange rate sensitive derivative instruments would be substantially offset by a corresponding decrease or increase in the fair value of the hedged underlying asset, liability or forecasted transaction, resulting in minimal impact on our earnings.
Our interest rate risk relates primarily to U.S. dollar and euro-denominated borrowings partially offset by U.S. dollar cash investments. We have historically used interest rate derivative instruments to manage our earnings and cash flow exposure to changes in interest rates. We had no interest rate derivative instruments outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2022, $8.986 billion in aggregate principal amount of our outstanding debt obligations were at fixed interest rates, representing approximately 100 percent of our total debt, on an amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2022, our outstanding debt obligations at fixed interest rates were comprised of senior notes.
See Note D – Hedging Activities and Fair Value Measurements to our consolidated financial statements contained in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for further information regarding our derivative financial instruments.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of
Boston Scientific Corporation
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Boston Scientific Corporation (the Company) as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework), and our report dated February 23, 2023 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
| Description of the Matter | Business Combinations | ||||
| As disclosed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, during 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Baylis Medical Company Inc. for a purchase price of $1.46 billion, net of cash acquired. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Auditing the Company’s accounting for the acquisition was complex due to the significant estimation required by management to determine the fair value of identified intangible assets, which totaled $657 million and principally consisted of developed technology. A significant emphasis is placed on the appropriateness of the estimates used by management to determine the fair value of acquired intangible assets due to the sensitivity of the respective fair values to the underlying assumptions. The Company used an income approach to measure the technology-related intangible assets. The significant assumptions used to estimate the value of the intangible assets included discount rates and certain assumptions that form the basis of the forecasted results, including revenue growth rates, estimates of technological obsolescence, operating profit margin and market participant synergies. These significant assumptions are forward looking and could be affected by future economic and market conditions. | |||||
| How We Addressed the Matter in Our Audit | We obtained an understanding, evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of the controls over the Company’s accounting for acquisitions. For example, we tested controls over the identification and valuation of intangible assets, including the valuation models and underlying assumptions used to develop such estimates. We read the purchase agreement, evaluated the significant assumptions and methods used in developing the fair value estimates, and tested the recognition of (1) the tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed at fair value; (2) the identifiable intangible assets acquired at fair value; and (3) goodwill measured as a residual. To test the estimated fair value of the intangible assets, we performed audit procedures that included, among others, evaluating the Company's use of the income approach and testing the significant assumptions used in the model, as described above. We evaluated the completeness and accuracy of the underlying data used in the analyses. For example, we compared the significant assumptions to current industry, market and economic trends, to the assumptions used to value similar assets in other acquisitions, to the historical results of the acquired business and to other guideline companies within the same industry. We involved our valuation professionals to assist with our evaluation of the methodology used by the Company and significant assumptions included in the fair value estimates. |
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1992.
Boston, Massachusetts
February 23, 2023
Item 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions, except per share data) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 12,682 | $ | 11,888 | $ | 9,913 | |||||||||||
| Cost of products sold | 3,956 | 3,711 | 3,465 | ||||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 8,727 | 8,177 | 6,448 | ||||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | |||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative expenses | 4,520 | 4,359 | 3,787 | ||||||||||||||
| Research and development expenses | 1,323 | 1,204 | 1,143 | ||||||||||||||
| Royalty expense | 47 | 49 | 45 | ||||||||||||||
| Amortization expense | 803 | 741 | 789 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment charges | — | — | 73 | ||||||||||||||
| Intangible asset impairment charges | 132 | 370 | 460 | ||||||||||||||
| Contingent consideration net expense (benefit) | 35 | (136) | (100) | ||||||||||||||
| Restructuring net charges (credits) | 24 | 40 | 52 | ||||||||||||||
| Litigation-related net charges (credits) | 173 | 430 | 278 | ||||||||||||||
| Loss (gain) on disposal of businesses and assets | 22 | (78) | — | ||||||||||||||
| 7,078 | 6,978 | 6,528 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income (loss) | 1,649 | 1,199 | (80) | ||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense): | |||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (470) | (341) | (361) | ||||||||||||||
| Other, net | (38) | 218 | 362 | ||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | 1,141 | 1,076 | (79) | ||||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 443 | 36 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | 698 | 1,041 | (82) | ||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | (55) | (55) | (33) | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) available to common stockholders | $ | 642 | $ | 985 | $ | (115) | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share — basic | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.69 | $ | (0.08) | |||||||||||
| Net income (loss) per common share — assuming dilution | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.69 | $ | (0.08) | |||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares outstanding | |||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 1,430.5 | 1,422.3 | 1,416.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Assuming dilution | 1,439.7 | 1,433.8 | 1,416.7 |
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
| Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| (in millions) | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | ||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 698 | $ | 1,041 | $ | (82) | |||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (94) | (125) | 76 | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in derivative financial instruments | 63 | 170 | (137) | ||||||||||||||
| Net change in defined benefit pensions and other items | 37 | 11 | (1) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other comprehensive income (loss) | 6 | 56 | (63) | ||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 704 | $ | 1,096 | $ | (145) |
See notes to the consolidated financial statements.
BOSTON SCIENTIFIC CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| As of December 31, | |||||||||||
| (in millions, except share and per share data) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 928 | $ | 1,925 | |||||||
| Trade accounts receivable, net | 1,970 | 1,778 | |||||||||
| Inventories | 1,867 | 1,610 | |||||||||
| Prepaid income taxes | 264 | 205 | |||||||||
| Other current assets | 731 | 799 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 5,760 | 6,317 | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,446 | 2,252 | |||||||||
| Goodwill | 12,920 | 11,988 | |||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | 5,902 | 6,121 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 3,942 | 4,142 | |||||||||
| Other long-term assets | 1,500 | 1,410 | |||||||||
| TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 32,469 | $ | 32,229 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Current debt obligations | $ | 20 | $ | 261 | |||||||
| Accounts payable | 862 | 794 | |||||||||
| Accrued expenses | 2,160 | 2,436 | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 761 | 783 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 3,803 | 4,274 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 8,915 | 8,804 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax liabilities | 144 | 310 | |||||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 2,035 | 2,220 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued 10,062,500 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 | — | — | |||||||||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value - authorized 2,000,000,000 shares; issued 1,696,633,993 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 1,688,810,052 shares as of December 31, 2021 | 17 | 17 | |||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost - 263,289,848 shares as of December 31, 2022 and 2021 | (2,251) | (2,251) | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 20,289 | 19,986 | |||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | (750) | (1,392) | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | 269 | 263 | |||||||||
Showing the first 8K of 262K characters. Open the full section
Item 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
Item 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2022 pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and ensure that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on their evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that as of December 31, 2022, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management’s annual report on our internal control over financial reporting is contained in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The report of Ernst & Young LLP on our internal control over financial reporting is contained in Item 7 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended December 31, 2022, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
During 2022, we began a multi-year implementation of a new global enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, which will replace our existing system. The implementation is expected to occur in phases over the next several years. As the phased implementation occurs, it may result in changes to our processes and procedures which may result in changes to our internal controls over financial reporting. As such changes occur, we will evaluate quarterly whether they materially affect our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
2023 Restructuring Plan
On February 22, 2023, our Board of Directors approved, and we committed to, a new global restructuring program (the 2023 Restructuring Plan). The 2023 Restructuring Plan is intended to meet evolving global market demands and conditions by ensuring that we are structured and resourced to support our strategic imperatives and deliver sustainable value.
The 2023 Restructuring Plan will further build on our Global Supply Chain Optimization strategy, which is intended to simplify our manufacturing and distribution network by transferring certain production lines among facilities and expand operational efficiencies and resiliency. Key activities under the 2023 Restructuring Plan will also include optimizing certain functional capabilities to better support business growth and achieve cost synergies. These activities are expected to be initiated in the first quarter of 2023, and substantially completed by the end of 2025.
While we expect limited role reductions as a result of these restructuring activities, we anticipate that our overall employee base will remain relatively unchanged upon completion of the 2023 Restructuring Plan as new jobs are created in areas of growth and resources are deployed to support an expanding portfolio and growing global market needs.
The implementation of the 2023 Restructuring Plan is estimated to result in total pre-tax charges of approximately $450 million to $550 million, of which approximately $350 million to $450 million is expected to result in future cash outlays. The following table provides a summary of our estimates of total pre-tax charges associated with the 2023 Restructuring Plan by major type of cost:
| Type of Cost (in millions) | Total Estimated Amount Expected to be Incurred | ||||||||||
| Restructuring charges: | |||||||||||
| Termination benefits(1) | $60 | - | $80 | ||||||||
| Other(2) | 40 | - | 60 | ||||||||
| Restructuring-related expenses: | |||||||||||
| Transfer costs | 250 | 280 | |||||||||
| Other(3) | 100 | - | 130 | ||||||||
| $450 | - | $550 |
(1) Plans detailing specific employee impacts will be developed for each affected region and business, working with employee representative bodies where required under local laws.
(2) Consists primarily of consulting fees and costs associated with contractual cancellations.
(3) Comprised of other costs directly related to the restructuring program, including program management, accelerated depreciation, fixed asset write-offs, and costs to transfer product lines among facilities.
Item 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2022 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2022 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2022 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2022 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
Item 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
Our independent registered public accounting firm is Ernst & Young LLP, New York, NY, (PCAOB ID 42).
The information required by this Item is set forth in our Proxy Statement for the 2023 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2022 and is incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.
PART IV
Item 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(a)(1) Financial Statements.
The response to this portion of Item 15 is set forth under Item 8.
(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
The response to this portion of Item 15 (Schedule II) follows the signature page to this report. All other financial statement schedules are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable and therefore have been omitted.
(a)(3) Exhibits (* documents filed or furnished with this report, # compensatory plans or arrangements)
| 101.LAB* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 101.PRE* | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. | |||||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and contained in Exhibit 101) |
Item 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | Boston Scientific Corporation | |||||||||||||
| By: | /s/ Daniel J. Brennan | |||||||||||||
| Daniel J. Brennan | ||||||||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (duly authorized officer and principal financial officer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Daniel J. Brennan | ||||||||||||
| Daniel J. Brennan | ||||||||||||||
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Michael F. Mahoney | ||||||||||||
| Michael F. Mahoney | ||||||||||||||
| Director, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (Principal Executive Officer) |
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Jonathan R. Monson | ||||||||||||
| Jonathan R. Monson | ||||||||||||||
| Senior Vice President, Global Controller and Chief Accounting Officer | ||||||||||||||
| (Principal Accounting Officer) |
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Nelda J. Connors | ||||||||||||
| Nelda J. Connors | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Charles J. Dockendorff | ||||||||||||
| Charles J. Dockendorff | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Yoshiaki Fujimori | ||||||||||||
| Yoshiaki Fujimori | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Donna A. James | ||||||||||||
| Donna A. James | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Edward J. Ludwig | ||||||||||||
| Edward J. Ludwig | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ David J. Roux | ||||||||||||
| David J. Roux | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ John E. Sununu | ||||||||||||
| John E. Sununu | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ David S. Wichmann | ||||||||||||
| David S. Wichmann | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
| Dated: February 23, 2023 | By: | /s/ Ellen M. Zane | ||||||||||||
| Ellen M. Zane | ||||||||||||||
| Director | ||||||||||||||
Schedule II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
| Description (in millions) | Balance at Beginning of Year | Cumulative effect adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13**(1)** | Credit loss exposure**(1)** | Write-offs**(2)** | Balance at End of Year | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2022: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for credit losses | $ | 108 | n/a | 35 | (35) | $ | 109 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2021: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for credit losses | $ | 105 | n/a | 28 | (25) | $ | 108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended December 31, 2020: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Allowances for uncollectible accounts | $ | 74 | 10 | 49 | (27) | $ | 105 |
(1) Following the adoption of FASB ASC Topic 326 as of January 1, 2020, we record credit loss reserves to Allowance for credit losses when we establish Trade accounts receivable if credit losses are expected over the asset's contractual life. Subsequent credit loss reserves are recorded when deemed uncollectible. Amounts shown within credit loss exposure above were established through selling, general and administrative expense.
(2) Represents actual write-offs of uncollectible accounts.