Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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Item 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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(Dollars and gallons in thousands, except per share amounts)
Please read the following discussion of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the selected historical consolidated financial data and consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes presented elsewhere in this Form 10-K.
Overview
The Company operates convenience stores under the name “Casey’s General Store” in eleven Midwestern states, primarily Iowa, Missouri and Illinois. On April 30, 2012, there were a total of 1,699 stores in operation. All stores offer gasoline for sale on a self-serve basis and carry a broad selection of food (including freshly prepared foods such as pizza, donuts and sandwiches), beverages, tobacco products, health and beauty aids, automotive products and other non-food items. We derive our revenue from the retail sale of gasoline and the products offered in our stores.
Approximately 59% of all Casey’s General Stores are located in areas with populations of fewer than 5,000 persons, while approximately 16% of all stores are located in communities with populations exceeding 20,000 persons. We operate a central warehouse, the Casey’s Distribution Center, adjacent to our Corporate Headquarters facility in Ankeny, Iowa, through which we supply grocery and general merchandise items to our stores. At April 30, 2012, the Company owned the land at 1,678 store locations and the buildings at 1,685 locations, and leased the land at 21 locations and the buildings at 14 locations.
During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012, the Company earned $0.61 in basic earnings per share compared to $0.60 per share for the same quarter a year ago. Fiscal 2012 basic earnings per share were $3.07 versus $2.24 for the prior year. The fiscal 2011 year-end results include approximately $27.4 million in costs pertaining to the Company’s recapitalization plan completed in the second quarter of fiscal 2011 as well as the unsolicited hostile offer and related actions by Alimentation Couche-Tard Inc. The post tax impact on earnings was $17,591 using the 35.8% income tax rate which was the effective rate on those expenses after assessing their deductibility for income tax purposes within the subsidiary that the activity occurred in. Without those costs, year-to-date earnings would have been $2.65 per share last year using a weighted average share count of 42,284,664. We made this non-GAAP calculation to assist investors in comparing the financial performance of the Company without the non-operational costs associated with the unsolicited hostile offer. The Company’s business is seasonal, and generally the Company experiences higher sales and profitability during the first and second fiscal quarters (May-October), when customers tend to purchase greater quantities of gasoline and certain convenience items such as beer and soft drinks.
During the 2012 fiscal year, we acquired 35 convenience stores from other parties and completed 30 new store constructions. In addition to this activity, the Company also replaced 10 stores and closed 3 stores during the year.
The fourth quarter results reflected a 2.5% increase in same-store gasoline gallons sold, with an average margin of approximately 13.7 cents per gallon. For the fiscal year, same-store gallons decreased 1.5% with an average margin of 15.3 cents per gallon. The Company’s policy is to price to the competition, so the timing of retail price changes is driven by local competitive conditions.
Same store sales of grocery and other merchandise increased 8.5% and prepared foods and fountain increased 16.8% during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2012.
The Company has several energy initiatives designed to reduce operating expenses associated with energy consumption. The Company believes that reducing energy consumption where feasible is a sound long-term business strategy. While individually and in aggregate the financial impact of these initiatives may not be material, implementing them throughout our operations is a part of our overall expense management. Below is a list of some of the energy initiatives the Company is currently undertaking:
| • | We are pursuing LEED certification for the current new store design, and we expect we will obtain this in fiscal 2013. |
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| • | All newly constructed stores use 100 percent high efficiency LED lighting. Also, when we perform a major remodel of an existing store, the fluorescent lighting is replaced with LED lighting. Furthermore, new canopies over the fuel pumps are installed with time systems and photo eyes to help control the canopy lighting. |
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| • | Multiple paperless initiatives are going on throughout the Company, including going to paperless paystubs and W-2’s where state law allows. |
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| • | Electric fuel tank heaters have been installed in our fleet of trucks, significantly reducing idle time. Futhermore, timers have been installed that automatically turn off the engine if it is idling for more than ten minutes. |
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| • | All of our store managers receive a portion of their pay in the form of incentive compensation. This encourages store managers to efficiently manage operating expenses, including utility expenses,. All levels of supervision including executive officers and supervisory personnel within the store operations department receive some form of incentive compensation, and operating expenses have a direct impact on the amount of annual incentive compensation payments made to these employees. |
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For further information concerning the Company’s operating environment and certain conditions that may affect future performance, see the “Forward-looking Statements” at the end of this Item 7.
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Fiscal 2012 Compared with Fiscal 2011
Total revenue for fiscal 2012 increased 24% to $6,987,804, primarily due to a 20.3% increase in average gas prices, an increase in the number of gallons sold, and an increase in same-store inside sales (grocery & other merchandise and prepared food & fountain). Retail gasoline sales for the fiscal year were $5,092,311, an increase of 27.3%, and gallons sold increased 5.9% to 1,476,154. Inside sales increased 15.8% to $1,864,707, primarily due to the major remodels, the 24-hour conversions, the expansion of our pizza delivery program, and a greater number of stores in operation.
Total gross profit margin was 14.4% for fiscal 2012 compared with 15.6% for the prior year. The gas margin decreased to 4.4% in fiscal 2012 from 5.3% in fiscal 2011 primarily due to the increase in the retail price per gallon of gasoline sold. The grocery & other merchandise margin increased slightly to 32.5% in fiscal 2012 from 32.2% in fiscal 2011. The prepared food & fountain margin decreased to 60.7% from 62.2% primarily due to the higher commodity costs during fiscal 2012.
Operating expenses increased 13.3% in fiscal 2012. After adjusting for the $16 million in expenses associated with the unsolicited hostile offer by Couche-Tard in the prior year, expenses increased 16.4% primarily due to the major remodels, the 24-hour conversions, the expansion of our pizza delivery program and a greater number of stores in operation. Higher retail gasoline prices resulted in higher sales, which decreased the operating expense ratio to 9.9% of total revenue in fiscal 2012 from 10.8% in the prior year. Higher retail gasoline prices also increased our transportation costs and credit card fees during the year.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased 17.2% to $96,552 in fiscal 2012 from $82,355 in fiscal 2011. The increase was due to capital expenditures made in fiscal 2012.
The effective tax rate decreased 100 basis points to 36.4% in fiscal 2012 from 37.4% in fiscal 2011. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to higher federal tax credits for the current year. However, this result was partially offset by a higher taxable income.
Net earnings increased to $116,791 in fiscal 2012 from $94,623 in fiscal 2011. The increase was due primarily to the $17,591 post-tax impact on fiscal 2011 net earnings pertaining to the Company’s recapitalization plan as well as the unsolicited hostile offer and related actions by Alimentation Couche-Tard, Inc., an increase in same store inside sales, the increase in the number of gasoline gallons sold, the 24-hour conversions, the major remodels, the expansion of our pizza delivery program, and a greater number of stores in operation from the prior year. However, this was partially offset by an increase in the operating expenses and a decrease in the average margin on prepared food & fountain sales.
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Fiscal 2011 Compared with Fiscal 2010
Total revenue for fiscal 2011 increased 21.5% to $5,635,240, primarily due to a 15.8% increase in average gas prices, an increase in the number of gallons sold, and an increase in same-store inside sales (grocery & other merchandise and prepared food & fountain). Retail gasoline sales for the fiscal year were $3,998,702, an increase of 25.8%, and gallons sold increased 8.6% to 1,394,457. Inside sales increased 11.9% to $1,610,853, primarily due to increases in the cigarette and fountain sub-categories and a greater number of stores in operation.
Total gross profit margin was 15.6% for fiscal 2011 compared with 17.1% for the prior year. The gas margin decreased to 5.3% in fiscal 2011 from 5.6% in fiscal 2010 primarily due to the increase in the retail price per gallon of gasoline sold. The grocery & other merchandise margin decreased to 32.2% in fiscal 2011 from 33.6% in fiscal 2010 primarily due to a more competitive cigarette pricing environment. The prepared food & fountain margin decreased to 62.2% from 63.8% primarily due to the higher commodity costs during fiscal 2011.
Operating expenses increased 15.5% in fiscal 2011 primarily due to an increase of $8,957 in pre-tax charges related to the evaluation of and responses to the unsolicited offer and related actions by Alimentation Couche-Tard and the evaluation of the proposal from 7-Eleven. In fiscal 2010, the Company received a $1,543 rebate of contractual amounts of credit card transaction fees which should have been recorded in prior periods. When the impact of those two items are excluded, operating expenses would have increased 13.4% for the year. Higher retail gasoline prices resulted in higher sales, which decreased the operating expense ratio to 10.8% of total revenue in fiscal 2011 from 11.3% in the prior year. Higher retail gasoline prices also increased our transportation costs and credit card fees during the year.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased 12% to $82,355 in fiscal 2011 from $73,546 in fiscal 2010. The increase was due to capital expenditures made in fiscal 2011.
The effective tax rate increased 180 basis points to 37.4% in fiscal 2011 from 35.6% in fiscal 2010. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to an upward adjustment to net deferred tax liabilities resulting from a significant income tax rate increase enacted for one state that normally contributes a substantial proportion of state income tax expense and the absence, as present in the prior year, of a tax benefit resulting from a change in an uncertain tax position relating to a refund of tax credits.
Net earnings decreased to $94,623 in fiscal 2011 from $116,962 in fiscal 2010. The decrease was due primarily to an increase in operating expenses from the prior year, an increase in interest expense due to the additional $569,000 principal amount outstanding on the 5.22% senior notes, the loss on the early retirement of the 7.38% senior notes and the 6.18% to 7.23% senior notes, a decrease in the average margin on prepared food & fountain sales and a decrease in the average margin on grocery & other merchandise sales. However, this was partially offset by an increase in the gross profit margin per gallon of gasoline sold.
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COMPANY TOTAL REVENUE AND GROSS PROFIT BY CATEGORY
| 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | |||||||||||||
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| Years ended April 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue by category | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gasoline | $ | 5,092,311 | $ | 3,998,702 | $ | 3,177,490 | ||||||||||||
| Grocery & other merchandise | 1,364,995 | 1,195,613 | 1,073,508 | |||||||||||||||
| Prepared food & fountain | 499,712 | 415,240 | 365,793 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 30,786 | 25,685 | 20,296 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 6,987,804 | $ | 5,635,240 | $ | 4,637,087 | |||||||||||||
| Gross profit by category (1) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gasoline | $ | 226,559 | $ | 212,038 | $ | 178,176 | ||||||||||||
| Grocery & other merchandise | 443,245 | 385,250 | 360,432 | |||||||||||||||
| Prepared food & fountain | 303,159 | 258,151 | 233,507 | |||||||||||||||
| Other | 30,727 | 25,628 | 20,237 | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 1,003,690 | $ | 881,067 | $ | 792,352 | |||||||||||||
INDIVIDUAL STORE COMPARISONS (2)
| 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | 1,003,690 | |||||||||||||
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| Years ended April 30, | ||||||||||||||||||
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| Average retail sales | $ | 4,117 | $ | 3,497 | $ | 3,070 | ||||||||||||
| Average retail inside sales | 1,117 | 1,015 | 958 | |||||||||||||||
| Average gross profit on inside items | 448 | 404 | 389 | |||||||||||||||
| Average retail sales of gasoline | 3,000 | 2,482 | 2,112 | |||||||||||||||
| Average gross profit on gasoline (3) | 134 | 132 | 119 | |||||||||||||||
| Average operating income (4) | 191 | 180 | 164 | |||||||||||||||
| Average number of gallons sold | 870 | 869 | 854 |
| (1) | Gross profits represent total revenue less cost of goods sold. Gross profit is given before charge for depreciation and amortization and credit card fees. |
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| (2) | Individual store comparisons include only those stores that had been in operation for at least one full year on April 30 of the fiscal year indicated. |
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| (3) | Retail gasoline profit margins have a substantial impact on our net income. Profit margins on gasoline sales can be adversely affected by factors beyond our control, including oversupply in the retail gasoline market, uncertainty or volatility in the wholesale gasoline market, and price competition from other gasoline marketers. Any substantial decrease in profit margins on retail gasoline sales or the number of gallons sold could have a material adverse effect on our earnings. |
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| (4) | Average operating income represents retail sales less cost of goods sold and operating expenses attributable to a particular store; it excludes federal and state income taxes, Company operating expenses not attributable to a particular store, and our matching contribution paid to the 401(k) Plan. |
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SAME STORE SALES GROWTH BY CATEGORY
| Years ended April 30, | ||||||
| 201 | 2011 | 2010 | ||||
| Gasoline gallons | -1.5% | 1.6% | -0.1% | |||
| Grocery & other merchandise | 6.7 | 4.6 | 3.3 | |||
| Prepared food & fountain | 14.3% | 7.7 | 4.2 |
The same store sales comparison includes aggregated individual store results for all stores open throughout both periods presented. When comparing quarterly data the store must be open for each entire quarter. When comparing annual data, the store must be open for each entire fiscal year being compared.
Remodeled stores that remained open or were closed for just a very brief period of time (less than a week) during the period being compared remain in the same store sales comparison. If a store is replaced, either at the same location (razed and rebuilt) or relocated to a new location, it is removed from the comparison until the new store has been open for each entire period being compared. Newly constructed and acquired stores do not enter the calculation until they are open for each entire period being compared as well.
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Critical Accounting Policies
Critical accounting policies are those accounting policies that we believe are important to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and require management’s most difficult, subjective judgments, often because of the need to estimate the effects of inherently uncertain factors.
Inventory
Inventories, which consist of merchandise and gasoline, are stated at the lower of cost or market. For gasoline, cost is determined through the use of the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method. For merchandise inventories, cost is determined through the use of the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method for financial and income tax reporting applied to inventory values determined primarily by our FIFO accounting system for warehouse inventories and the retail inventory method (RIM) for store inventories, except for cigarettes, beer, pop, and prepared foods, which are valued at cost. RIM is an averaging method widely used in the retail industry because of its practicality.
Under RIM, inventory valuations are at cost and the resulting gross margins are calculated by applying a cost-to-retail ratio to sales. Inherent in the RIM calculations are certain management judgments and estimates that could affect the ending inventory valuation at cost and the resulting gross margins.
Vendor allowances include rebates and other funds received from vendors to promote their products. We often receive such allowances on the basis of quantitative contract terms that vary by product and vendor or directly on the basis of purchases made. Rebates are recognized as reductions of inventory costs when purchases are made; reimbursements of an operating expense (e.g., advertising) are recorded as reductions of the related expense.
Long-lived Assets
The Company periodically monitors closed and underperforming stores for an indication that the carrying amount of assets may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the assets, an impairment loss is recognized to the extent the carrying value of the assets exceeds their estimated fair value. Fair value is based on management’s estimate of the future cash flows to be generated and the amount that could be realized from the sale of assets in a current transaction between willing parties, which are considered Level 3 inputs. The estimate is derived from offers, actual sale or disposition of assets subsequent to year-end, and other indications of fair value. In determining whether an asset is impaired, assets are grouped at the lowest level for which there are identifiable cash flows that are largely independent of the cash flows of other groups of assets, which for us is generally on a store-by-store basis. We recorded impairment charges of $226 in fiscal 2012, $348 in fiscal 2011, and $100 in fiscal 2010.
Self-insurance
We are primarily self-insured for workers’ compensation, general liability, and automobile claims. The self-insurance claim liability is determined actuarially based on claims filed and an estimate of claims incurred but not yet reported. Actuarial projections of the losses are employed due to the high degree of variability in the liability estimates. Some factors affecting the uncertainty of claims include the development time frame, settlement patterns, litigation and adjudication direction, and medical treatment and cost trends. The liability is not discounted. The balance of our self-insurance reserves were $23,701 and $22,129 for the years ended April 30, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
Goodwill
Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives are tested for impairment at least annually. The Company assesses impairment annually at year-end using a market based approach to establish fair value. All of the goodwill assigned to the individual stores is aggregated into a single reporting unit due to the similar economic characteristics of the stores. As of April 30, 2012, there was $104,385 of goodwill and management’s analysis of recoverability completed as of the fiscal year-end yielded no evidence of impairment and no events have occurred since the annual test indicating a potential impairment.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Due to the nature of our business, cash provided by operations is our primary source of liquidity. We finance our inventory purchases primarily from normal trade credit aided by relatively rapid inventory turnover. This turnover allows us to conduct operations without large amounts of cash and working capital. As of April 30, 2012, the Company’s ratio of current assets to current liabilities was .91 to 1. The ratio at April 30, 2011 and at April 30, 2010 was 1 to 1. We believe our current $100,000 bank line of credit together with cash flow from operations will be sufficient to satisfy the working capital needs of our business.
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Net cash provided by operating activities increased $33,436 (12.8%) in the year ended April 30, 2012, primarily because of a large increase in net earnings and a large decrease in income taxes receivable. This result was partially offset by decreases in accounts payable and the loss on early retirement of debt. Cash used in investing activities in the year ended April 30, 2012 decreased $47,391 (14.6%) primarily due to the decrease in the store acquisitions from the prior year. Cash used in financing activities decreased $7,624 (27.2%), primarily due to the decrease in the repayments of long-term debt.
Capital expenditures represent the single largest use of Company funds. We believe that by reinvesting in stores, we will be better able to respond to competitive challenges and increase operating efficiencies. During fiscal 2012, we expended $280,318 for property and equipment, primarily for construction, acquisition, and remodeling of stores compared with $328,140 in the prior year. In fiscal 2013, we anticipate expending between $276,000 and $338,000, primarily from existing cash and funds generated by operations, for construction, acquisition, and remodeling of stores.
As of April 30, 2012, we had long-term debt, net of current maturities, of $667,930 consisting of $569,000 in principal amount of 5.22% senior notes, $90,000 in principal amount of 5.72% senior notes, series A and B; and $8,930 of capital lease obligations.
Interest on the 5.22% senior notes is payable on the 9th day of each February and August. Principal on the 5.22% senior notes is payable in full on August 9, 2020. We may prepay the 5.22% notes in whole or in part at any time in an amount of not less than $2,000 at a redemption price calculated in accordance with the Note Agreement dated August 9, 2010 between the Company and the purchasers of the 5.22% senior notes.
Interest on the 5.72% senior notes series A and series B is payable on the 30th day of each March and September. Principal on the senior notes series A and series B is payable in various installments beginning September 30, 2012. We may prepay the 5.72% senior notes series A and series B in whole or in part at any time in an amount of not less than $2,000 at a redemption price calculated in accordance with the Note Agreement dated September 29, 2006 between the Company and the purchasers of the 5.72% senior notes series A and series B.
To date, we have funded capital expenditures primarily through funds generated from operations, the proceeds of the sale of common stock, issuance of 6.25% convertible subordinated debentures (converted into shares of common stock in 1994), the previously described senior notes, and a mortgage note. Future capital required to finance operations, improvements, and the anticipated growth in the number of stores is expected to come from cash generated by operations, the bank line of credit, and additional long-term debt or other securities as circumstances may dictate. We do not expect such capital needs to adversely affect liquidity.
The table below presents our significant contractual obligations, including interest, at April 30, 2012:
| Contractual obligations | Payments due by period | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | ||||||||||||||||||
| Senior notes | $ | 941,356 | 45,279 | 83,627 | 96,696 | 715,754 | ||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage notes | 23 | 23 | -------- | -------- | ------- | |||||||||||||||||
| Capital lease obligations | 17,287 | 1,266 | 2,160 | 1,399 | 12,462 | |||||||||||||||||
| Operating lease obligations | 2,863 | 928 | 1,124 | 330 | 481 | |||||||||||||||||
| Unrecognized tax benefits | 7,538 | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | |||||||||||||||||
| Deferred compensation | 14,698 | ------- | ------- | ------- | ------- | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 983,765 | 47,496 | 86,911 | 98,425 | 728,697 | ||||||||||||||||
Unrecognized tax benefits relate to uncertain tax positions and since we are not able to reasonably estimate the timing of the payments or the amount by which the liability will increase or decrease over time, the related balances have not been reflected in the “Payments due by period” section of the table.
At April 30, 2012, the Company had a total of $7,538 in gross unrecognized tax benefits. Of this amount, $4,900 represents the amount of unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would impact our effective tax rate. These unrecognized tax benefits relate to the state income tax filing positions and federal tax credits claimed for the Company’s corporate subsidiaries. The total amount of accrued interest and penalties for such unrecognized tax benefits was $249 as of April 30, 2012. Interest and penalties related to income taxes are classified as income tax expense in our consolidated financial statements. The federal statute of limitations remains open for the years 2009 and forward. Tax years 2008 and forward are subject to audit by state tax authorities depending on open statute of limitations waivers and the tax code of each state.
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A number of years may elapse before an uncertain tax position is audited and ultimately settled. It is difficult to predict the ultimate outcome or the timing of resolution for uncertain tax positions. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could significantly increase or decrease within the next twelve months. These changes could result from the expiration of the statute of limitations, examinations or other unforeseen circumstances. As of April 30, 2012, the Company has no ongoing federal income tax examination. One state has an examination in progress. The Company did not have any outstanding litigation related to tax matters. At this time, management believes it is reasonably possible the aggregate amount of unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by $1,370 within the next 12 months. This expected decrease is due to the expiration of statute of limitations related to certain federal and state income tax filing positions.
Included in long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet at April 30, 2012, was a $14,698 obligation for deferred compensation. As the specific payment dates for the deferred compensation are unknown due to the unknown retirement dates of many of the participants, the related balances have not been reflected in the “Payments due by period” section of the table. However, certain payments will be due during the next 5 years.
At April 30, 2012, we were partially self-insured for workers’ compensation claims in all eleven states of our marketing territory; we also were partially self-insured for general liability and auto liability under an agreement that provides for annual stop-loss limits equal to or exceeding approximately $1,000. To facilitate this agreement, letters of credit approximating $15,000 and $12,000, respectively, were issued and outstanding at April 30, 2012 and 2011, on the insurance company’s behalf. We renew the letters of credit on an annual basis.
Forward-looking Statements
This Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 as amended and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as amended. Forward-looking statements represent our expectations or beliefs concerning future events, including (i) any statements regarding future sales and gross profit percentages, (ii) any statements regarding the continuation of historical trends, and (iii) any statements regarding the sufficiency of the Company’s cash balances and cash generated from operations and financing activities for the Company’s future liquidity and capital resource needs. The words believe, expect, anticipate, intend, estimate, project and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We caution you that these statements are further qualified by important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements, including without limitations the factors described in this Form 10-K.
We ask you not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements because they speak only of our views as of the statement dates. Although we have attempted to list the important factors that presently affect the Company’s business and operating results, we further caution you that other factors may in the future prove to be important in affecting the Company’s results of operations. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
In addition to any assumptions and other factors referred to specifically in connection with such forward-looking statements, factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in any forward-looking statements include, among others, the following:
Competition
Our business is highly competitive and marked by ease of entry and constant change in terms of the numbers and type of retailers offering the products and services found in stores. Many of the food (including prepared foods) and nonfood items similar or identical to those we sell are generally available from a variety of competitors in the communities served by our stores, and we compete with other convenience store chains, gasoline stations, supermarkets, drug stores, discount stores, club stores, mass merchants, and fast-food outlets (with respect to the sale of prepared foods). Sales of nongasoline items (particularly prepared food items) have contributed substantially to our gross profit on retail sales in recent years. Gasoline sales are intensely competitive. We compete for gasoline sales with both independent and national brand gasoline stations, other convenience store chains, and several nontraditional gasoline retailers such as supermarkets in specific markets. Some of these other gasoline retailers may have access to more favorable arrangements for gasoline supply than do we or the firms that supply our stores. Some of our competitors have greater financial, marketing, and other resources than we have and therefore may be able to respond better to changes in the economy and new opportunities within the industry.
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Gasoline Operations
Gasoline sales are an important part of our revenue and earnings, and retail gasoline profit margins have a substantial impact on our net income. Profit margins on gasoline sales can be affected adversely by factors beyond our control, including the supply of gasoline available in the retail gasoline market, uncertainty or volatility in the wholesale gasoline market, increases in wholesale gasoline costs generally during a period, and price competition from other gasoline marketers. The market for crude oil and domestic wholesale petroleum products is volatile and is affected by general political conditions and instability in oil producing regions such as the Middle East and South America. The volatility of the wholesale gasoline market makes it extremely difficult to predict the impact of future wholesale cost fluctuation on our operating results and financial conditions. These factors could materially affect gasoline gallon volume, gasoline gross profit, and overall customer traffic levels at stores. Any substantial decrease in profit margins on gasoline sales or in the number of gallons sold by stores could have a material adverse effect on our earnings.
The Company purchases its gasoline from a variety of independent national and regional petroleum distributors. Although in recent years suppliers have not experienced any difficulties in obtaining sufficient amounts of gasoline to meet our needs, unanticipated national and international events could result in a reduction of gasoline supplies available for distribution. Any substantial curtailment in our gasoline supply would reduce gasoline sales. Further, we believe a significant amount of our business results from the patronage of customers primarily desiring to purchase gasoline; accordingly, reduced gasoline supplies could adversely affect the sale of nongasoline items. Such factors could have a material adverse impact on our earnings and operations.
Tobacco Products
Sales of tobacco products represent a significant portion of our revenues. Significant increases in wholesale cigarette costs and tax increases on tobacco products as well as national and local campaigns to discourage smoking in the United States could have an adverse effect on the demand for cigarettes sold by stores. We attempt to pass price increases on to our customers, but competitive pressures in specific markets may prevent us from doing so. These factors could materially affect the retail price of cigarettes, the volume of cigarettes sold by stores, and overall customer traffic.
Environmental Compliance Costs
The United States Environmental Protection Agency and several of the states in which we do business have adopted laws and regulations relating to underground storage tanks used for petroleum products. In the past, we have incurred substantial costs to comply with such regulations, and additional substantial costs may be necessary in the future. Several states in which we do business have trust fund programs with provisions for sharing or reimbursing corrective action or remediation costs. Any reimbursements received in respect to such costs typically are subject to statutory provisions requiring repayment of the reimbursed funds for any future noncompliance with upgrade provisions or other applicable laws. Although we regularly accrue expenses for the estimated costs related to future corrective action or remediation efforts, there can be no assurance that the accrued amounts will be sufficient to pay such costs or that we have identified all environmental liabilities at all of our current store locations. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will not incur substantial expenditures in the future for remediation of contamination or related claims that have not been discovered or asserted with respect to existing store locations or locations that we may acquire in the future, that we will not be subject to any claims for reimbursement of funds disbursed to us under the various state programs, and/or that additional regulations or amendments to existing regulations will not require additional expenditures beyond those presently anticipated.
Seasonality of Sales
Company sales generally are strongest during its first two fiscal quarters (May–October) and weakest during the third and fourth fiscal quarters (November–April). In the warmer months, customers tend to purchase greater quantities of gasoline and certain convenience items such as beer, soft drinks, and ice. Difficult weather conditions (such as flooding, prolonged rain, or snowstorms) in any quarter, however, may adversely reduce sales at affected stores and may have an adverse impact on our earnings for that period.
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