Cboe Global Markets 10-Q 2026-06-30

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026

OR

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-34774

Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

(312) 786-5600

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTAIN DEFINED TERMS

Throughout this document, unless otherwise specified or the context so requires:

• “Cboe,” “we,” “us,” “our” or “the Company” refers to Cboe Global Markets, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

• “ADV” means average daily volume.

• “ADNV” means average daily notional value.

• “AFM” refers to the Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets.

• “ATS” refers to an alternative trading system.

• “Bats Global Markets” and “Bats” refer to our wholly-owned subsidiary Bats Global Markets, Inc., now known as Cboe Bats, LLC, and its subsidiaries.

• “BIDS Holdings” refers to BIDS Holdings L.P., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “BIDS Trading” refers to BIDS Trading L.P., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc. The ATS operated by BIDS Trading is not a registered national securities exchange or a facility thereof.

• “BYX” refers to Cboe BYX Exchange, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “BZX” refers to Cboe BZX Exchange, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “C2” refers to Cboe C2 Exchange, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “CAT” refers to the Consolidated Audit Trail.

• “Cboe Asia Pacific” refers to Cboe Asia Pacific Holdings Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Australia” refers to Cboe Australia Pty Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Canada” refers to Cboe Canada Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc. and a recognized Canadian securities exchange.

• “Cboe Chi-X Europe” refers to Cboe Chi-X Europe Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Clear Europe” refers to Cboe Clear Europe N.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Clear U.S.” refers to Cboe Clear U.S., LLC (formerly known as Cboe Clear Digital, LLC, formerly defined as “Cboe Clear Digital”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Data Vantage” refers to the Company's Cboe Data Vantage business (subsequently referred to as Data Vantage throughout the remainder of this document).

• “Cboe Digital” refers to Cboe Digital Intermediate Holdings, LLC and its subsidiaries.

• “Cboe Digital Exchange” refers to Cboe Digital Exchange, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Europe Equities” refers to the combined businesses of Cboe Europe and Cboe NL.

• “Cboe Europe” refers to Cboe Europe Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc., the UK operator of our Multilateral Trading Facility (“MTF”), our Regulated Market (“RM”), and our Approved Publication Arrangement (“APA”) under its Recognized Investment Exchange (“RIE”) status.

• “Cboe Fixed Income” refers to Cboe Fixed Income Markets, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe FX” refers to Cboe FX Markets, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Japan” refers to Cboe Japan Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe NL” refers to Cboe Europe B.V., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc., the Netherlands operator of our MTF, RM, and APA.

• “Cboe Options” refers to Cboe Exchange, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe SEF” refers to Cboe SEF, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “Cboe Trading” refers to Cboe Trading, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “CEDX” refers to Cboe Europe Derivatives, formerly the Company's fully electronic pan-European derivatives platform operated by Cboe NL.

• “CFE” refers to Cboe Futures Exchange, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “CFTC” refers to the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

• “CSD BR” refers to CSD Central de Serviços de Registro e Depósito aos Mercados Financeiro e de Capitais S.A., a Brazilian trade repository.

• “CIRO” refers to the Canadian Investment Regulatory Organization.

• “EDGA” refers to Cboe EDGA Exchange, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “EDGX” refers to Cboe EDGX Exchange, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cboe Global Markets, Inc.

• “ESMA” refers to the European Securities and Markets Authority.

• “Exchanges” refers to Cboe Options, C2, BZX, BYX, EDGX, and EDGA.

• “FASB” refers to the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

• “FCA” refers to the UK Financial Conduct Authority.

• “FINRA” refers to the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.

• “GAAP” refers to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States.

• “Merger” refers to our acquisition of Bats Global Markets, completed on February 28, 2017.

• “OCC” refers to The Options Clearing Corporation.

• “OPRA” refers to Options Price Reporting Authority, LLC.

• “SEC” refers to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

• “SFT” refers to Securities Financing Transactions.

• “SPX” refers to our S&P 500 Index exchange-traded options products.

• “TPH” refers to either a Trading Permit Holder or a Trading Privilege Holder.

• “VIX futures” or “VIX options” or “Options on VIX futures” refer, as applicable, to our Cboe Volatility Index exchange-traded options and futures products.

TRADEMARK AND OTHER INFORMATION

Cboe®, Cboe Global Markets®, Cboe Volatility Index®, Cboe Clear®, Cboe Datashop®, Cboe Futures Exchange®, CFE®, Cboe Hanweck®, Cboe LIS®, Bats®, BIDS Trading®, BYX®, BZX®, EDGA®, EDGX®, Hybrid®, Life is Better with Options®, LiveVol®, MATCHNow®, NANO®, Options Institute®, Silexx®, VIX®, VIX1D®, and XSP® are registered trademarks, and Cboe BIDS EuropeSM, C2SM, Cboe Data VantageSM, Cboe TitaniumSM, Cboe TiSM, Cboe PlusSM, Cboe PredictsSM, Mag 10SM and Magnificent 10SM are service marks of Cboe Global Markets, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Standard & Poor's®, S&P®, S&P 100®, S&P 500® and SPX® are registered trademarks and DSPXSM is a service mark of Standard & Poor's Financial Services LLC and have been licensed for use by Cboe Exchange, Inc. Dow Jones®, Dow Jones Industrial Average®, DJIA® and Dow Jones Indices are registered trademarks or service marks of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings, LLC, used under license. Russell® and the Russell index names are registered trademarks of Frank Russell Company, used under license. FTSE® and the FTSE indices are trademarks and service marks of FTSE International Limited, used under license. All other trademarks and service marks are the property of their respective owners.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes market share and industry data that we obtained from industry publications and surveys, reports of governmental agencies and internal company surveys. Industry publications and surveys generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but we cannot assure you that this information is accurate or complete. We have not independently verified any of the data from third-party sources nor have we ascertained the underlying economic assumptions relied upon therein. Statements as to our market position are based on the most currently available market data. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding industry data presented herein, our estimates involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors. Please refer to the “Risk Factors” in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our other filings with the SEC.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. You can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may,” “might,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” or “continue,” and the negative of these terms and other comparable terminology. All statements that reflect our expectations, assumptions, or projections about the future other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including statements in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” These forward-looking statements, which are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about us, may include projections of our future financial performance based on our growth strategies and anticipated trends in our business. These statements are only predictions based on our current expectations and projections about future events. There are important factors that could cause our actual results, level of activity, performance, or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, you should consider the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report and other filings with the SEC.

While we believe we have identified material risks, these risks and uncertainties are not exhaustive. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:

• the loss of our right to exclusively list and trade certain index options and futures products;

• economic, political, and market conditions;

• compliance with legal and regulatory obligations;

• price and new products and services competition and consolidation in our industry;

• decreases in trading or clearing volumes, market data fees, or a shift in the mix of products traded on our exchanges;

• legislative or regulatory changes or changes in tax regimes;

• our ability to protect our systems and communication networks from security vulnerabilities and breaches;

• our ability to attract and retain skilled management and other personnel;

• increasing competition by foreign and domestic entities;

• our business and operational dependence on and exposure to risk from third parties;

• factors that impact the quality and integrity of our and other applicable indices;

• our ability to manage our global operations, growth, and strategic acquisitions, wind downs, divestitures, or alliances effectively;

• increases in the cost of the products and services we use;

• our ability to operate our business without violating the intellectual property rights of others and the costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;

• our ability to minimize the risks, including our credit, liquidity, market, investment, counterparty, and default risks, associated with operating our clearinghouses;

• our ability to accommodate trading and clearing volume and transaction traffic, including significant increases, without failure or degradation of performance of our systems;

• misconduct by those who use our markets or our products or for whom we clear transactions;

• challenges to our use of open source software code;

• our ability to meet our compliance obligations, including managing our business interests and our regulatory responsibilities;

• the loss of key customers or a significant reduction in trading or clearing volumes by key customers;

• damage to our reputation;

• the ability of our compliance and risk management methods to effectively monitor and manage our risks;

• restrictions imposed by our debt obligations and our ability to make payments on or refinance our debt obligations;

• our ability to maintain an investment grade credit rating;

• impairment of our goodwill, long-lived assets, investments, or intangible assets;

• the accuracy of our estimates and expectations; and

• litigation risks and other liabilities.

For a detailed discussion of these and other factors that might affect our performance, see Part II, Item 1A of this Report. We do not undertake, and expressly disclaim, any duty to update any forward-looking statement whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. We caution you not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this filing.

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Cboe Global Markets, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(unaudited)

(in millions, except par value data and share amounts)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Cboe Global Markets, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)

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The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, included in Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the audited consolidated financial statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and as contained in that report, the information under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” This discussion contains forward-looking information. Please see “Forward-Looking Statements” for a discussion of the uncertainties, risks and assumptions associated with these statements.

Overview

Cboe Global Markets, Inc. is a leading global markets operator with a long history of innovation in equity derivatives. Since launching the world's first listed options exchange in 1973, Cboe has pioneered landmark products, including the introduction of S&P 500® index options and the creation of the VIX® Index, the world's leading gauge of market volatility, reshaping how investors manage risk and access opportunity. Today, Cboe operates derivatives, equities, and FX markets, providing trading, clearing, and investment solutions for customers worldwide.

Cboe’s subsidiaries include the largest options exchange and the third largest equities exchange operator in the U.S. In addition, the Company operates Cboe Europe Equities (Cboe Europe and Cboe NL equities exchanges), one of the largest equities exchanges by value traded in Europe, and owns Cboe Clear Europe, a leading pan-European clearinghouse, BIDS Holdings, which owns a leading block-trading ATS by volume in the U.S., and provides block-trading services with Cboe market operators in Europe and Canada, Cboe Australia, an operator of a regulated stock exchange in Australia, Cboe Clear U.S., an operator of a regulated clearinghouse, and Cboe Canada, a recognized Canadian securities exchange. Cboe subsidiaries also serve collectively as a leading market globally for exchange-traded products (“ETPs”) listings and trading.

The Company is headquartered in Chicago with offices in Amsterdam, Belfast, Hong Kong, Kansas City, London, Manila, New York, Washington D.C., Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, and Toronto.

In 2025, following a comprehensive strategic review of its global business operations, Cboe initiated the wind down of its Japanese equities business, including the cessation of operations of its Cboe Japan proprietary trading system and Cboe BIDS Japan block trading platform, initiated a sales process for its Cboe Australia and Cboe Canada businesses, discontinued its U.S. and European Corporate Listings efforts, and reduced costs associated with its U.S. and European ETP Listings businesses, Cboe Europe Derivatives ("CEDX"), and several of Cboe’s smaller Risk and Market Analytics businesses.

In January 2026, the Company formally initiated the wind down of the CEDX exchange service following a comprehensive strategic review of its global operations. On January 9, 2026, CEDX issued a release to its market participants that Cboe NL is planning to wind down its CEDX exchange service. The CEDX exchange service was decommissioned effective February 23, 2026.

On April 22, 2026, the Company announced a definitive agreement to sell its Cboe Australia and Cboe Canada businesses to TMX, a leading market operator, for approximately $300 million. The transaction is subject to customary closing conditions, including applicable regulatory approvals. The sales of Cboe Australia and Cboe Canada are expected to close separately, each after required approvals have been obtained. The Company expects the sale of Cboe Australia to close in the third quarter of 2026. Upon closing, the Company will provide transition services support for a limited time.

Recent Developments

Strategic Realignment

On May 1, 2026, the Company announced additional actions related to its strategic realignment by optimizing resource allocation across the organization, which it expects to be substantially completed by the end of 2026. This follows a comprehensive strategic review of the Company’s global business operations that occurred in the fourth quarter of 2025 and is part of a broader effort to sharpen strategic focus and allocate resources more effectively.

Cboe Predicts

On June 23, 2026, the Company announced the launch of the first products in its new prediction markets suite, Cboe Predicts. The offering includes binary option contracts based on the Mini-S&P 500 Index (XSP), listed under the symbols XSPBW and XSPBX.

Executive Transitions

On January 26, 2026, the Company announced the appointments of Scott Johnston as Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer, and Heidi Fischer as Executive Vice President, Global Head of Equities and Spot Markets.

Mr. Johnston took over Chief Operating Officer duties from Chris Isaacson, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer, who retired from his role effective March 6, 2026. Effective June 1, 2026, Ms. Fischer assumed oversight of Cboe's global cash equities and spot markets, which Mr. Isaacson also oversaw. Mr. Isaacson will continue to serve as an advisor to the Company through the end of 2026.

Business Segments

The Company operates five reportable business segments: Options, North American Equities, Europe and Asia Pacific, Futures, and Global FX, which are reflective of how the Company's CODM reviews and operates the business, as discussed in Note 1 (“Organization and Basis of Presentation”). The Company's reportable business segments represent strategic business units that offer different products and services across different geographic areas. The Company's CODM is the chief executive officer. The CODM function is supported by business segment management and leadership personnel who lead the day-to-day operations of each reportable business segment.

Segment performance is primarily evaluated on operating income (loss). The CODM uses segment operating income (loss) to allocate resources, including but not limited to employees, financial resources, and capital resources. The Company's CODM does not assess assets or income and expenses below operating income (loss) at the segment-level as key performance metrics. The Company has aggregated all of its corporate costs, as well as other business ventures, within the Corporate Items and Eliminations totals based on the decision that those activities should not be used to evaluate the operating performance of the segments; however, operating expenses that relate to activities of a specific segment have been allocated to that segment. The Company's CODM primarily reviews operating expenses at the consolidated level for purposes of evaluating actual results versus budgets.

Options. The Options segment includes options on market indices (“index options”) which include our proprietary SPX and VIX options, as well as on the stocks of individual corporations (“equity options”) and on ETPs such as exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”) and exchange-traded notes (“ETNs”), which are “multi-listed” options and listed on a non-exclusive basis. These options are eligible to trade, as applicable, on Cboe Options, C2, BZX, EDGX, and/or other U.S. national securities exchanges. Cboe Options is the Company’s primary options market and offers trading in listed options through a single system that integrates electronic trading and traditional open outcry trading on the Cboe Options trading floor in Chicago. On June 23, 2026, the Company launched the first products in its new prediction markets suite, Cboe Predicts, a securities-based product that is listed on Cboe Options and centrally cleared by OCC. C2 Options, BZX Options, and EDGX Options are all-electronic options exchanges, and typically operate with different market models and fee structures than Cboe Options. The Options segment also includes applicable market data fees reve

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As a result of our operating activities, we are exposed to market risks such as foreign currency exchange rate risk, equity risk, credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk. We have implemented policies and procedures to measure, manage, monitor, and report risk exposures, which are reviewed regularly by management and our Board of Directors.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Our operations in Europe, Canada, and Asia Pacific are subject to increased currency translation risk as revenues and expenses are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily the Euro, British pound, Canadian dollar, and Australian dollar. We also have de minimis exposure to other foreign currencies, including the Japanese yen, Singapore dollar and Philippine peso.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, our exposure to foreign-denominated revenues less cost of revenues and expenses is presented by primary foreign currency in the following table (in millions, except percentages):

(1)An average foreign exchange rate to the U.S. dollar for the period was used. See Item 2 (“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”) for the table summarizing the changes in certain operational and financial metrics for more information.

Equity Risk

Our investment in European, Canadian, and Asia Pacific operations is exposed to volatility in currency exchange rates through translation of our net assets or equity to U.S. dollars. The assets and liabilities of our European businesses are denominated in British pounds or Euros. The assets and liabilities of our Canadian businesses are denominated in Canadian dollars. The assets and liabilities of our Asia Pacific businesses are denominated in Australian dollars, Japanese yen, Singapore dollars, or Philippine pesos. Fluctuations in currency exchange rates may create volatility in our reported results as we are required to translate foreign currency reported statements of financial condition and operational results into U.S. dollars for consolidated reporting. The Company is currently subject to increased equity risk for its assets and liabilities held for sale which are denominated in Australian dollars and Canadian dollars. The translation of these non-U.S. dollar statements of financial condition into U.S. dollars for consolidated reporting results in a cumulative translation adjustment, which is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, net within stockholders' equity on our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Our primary exposure to this equity risk as of June 30, 2026 is presented by foreign currency in the following table (in millions):

(1)Converted to U.S. dollars using the foreign exchange rate of Euros per U.S. dollar, British pounds per U.S. dollar, Canadian dollars per U.S. dollar, and Australian dollars per U.S. dollar, respectively, as of June 30, 2026.

Credit Risk

We are exposed to credit risk from third parties, including customers, counterparties and clearing agents. These parties may default on their obligations due to bankruptcy, lack of liquidity, operational failure, or other reasons. We limit our exposure to credit risk by considering such risk when selecting the counterparties with which we make investments and execute agreements. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents and financial investments at various regulated financial institutions and brokerage firms which, at times, may be in excess of the depository insurance limits. The Company's management regularly monitors these institutions and believes that the potential for future loss is remote.

We do not have counterparty credit risk with respect to trades matched on our exchanges in the U.S., Canada, Europe, and Australia. With respect to listed equities, we deliver matched trades of our customers to the NSCC without taking on counterparty risk for those trades. NSCC acts as a central counterparty on all equity transactions occurring on BZX, BYX, EDGX and EDGA and, as such, guarantees clearance and settlement of all of our matched equity trades. Similarly, with respect to U.S. listed equity options and futures, we deliver touched trades of our customers to the OCC, which acts as a central counterparty on all transactions occurring on Cboe Options, C2, BZX, and EDGX, and on transactions in CFE futures

products cleared by OCC and, as such, guarantees clearance and settlement of those matched options and futures trades. Additionally, for CFE futures products cleared by Cboe Clear U.S., we deliver matched trades of our customers to Cboe Clear U.S., which acts as a central counterparty to these transactions. With respect to Canadian equities, we deliver matched trades of our customers to The Canadian Depository for Securities, which acts as a central counterparty on all transactions occurring on Cboe Canada and, as such, guarantees clearance and settlement of all of our matched Canadian equities trades. The BIDS Trading ATS platform delivers matched trades to BOA, which delivers the matched trades to the NSCC, with the exception of trades for BIDS ATS subscribers that also clear through BOA for which BIDS relies on the subscriber submitting the trades to BOA. BOA guarantees the trade until the trade has been submitted to and validated by the NSCC, after which time NSCC provides a guarantee until the trade settles. Thus, BIDS Trading is potentially exposed to credit risk from the counterparty to an equity trade routed to another market center until the trade has been processed and validated by the NSCC on the trade date. With respect to Australian equities and derivatives, we deliver matched trades of our customers to ASX Clear Pty Ltd and ASX Settlement Pty Ltd. ASX Clear Pty Ltd acts as a central counterparty on all transactions occurring on Cboe Australia and, as such, guarantees clearance and settlement on all of our matched trades in Australia. With respect to Japanese equities, we formerly delivered matched trades of our customers to the Japanese Securities Clearing Corporation, which acted as a central counterparty on all transactions that occurred on Cboe Japan and, as such, guaranteed clearance and settlement on all of our matched trades in Japan.

With respect to orders Cboe Trading routes to other markets for execution on behalf of our Exchanges, Cboe Trading is exposed to some counterparty credit risk in the case of failure to perform on the part of our routing and clearing firms that are involved in processing equities and options transactions on our behalf: Wedbush, BOA, Morgan Stanley, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., Wolverine Execution Services, LLC, and Instinet, LLC, as well as failure on the part of such brokers to pass back any transactional rebates. Morgan Stanley and Wedbush guarantee trades until the trade has been submitted to and validated by NSCC, after which time NSCC provides a guarantee until the trade settles (T+1). Thus, Cboe Trading is potentially exposed to credit risk from the counterparty to a trade routed to another market center until the trade has been processed and validated by the NSCC in the event that Morgan Stanley or Wedbush fails to perform. The BIDS Trading ATS platform is potentially exposed to limited counterparty risk on equities trades executed on the platform because all trades are transmitted to BOA on the trade date in real-time, and BOA immediately transmits them to the NSCC, after which time NSCC provides a guarantee until the trade settles (T+1), with the exception of trades for BIDS ATS subscribers that also clear through BOA for which BIDS relies on the subscriber submitting the trades to BOA. With respect to U.S. government securities transactions, we use ABN and/or Mirae to deliver matched trades to FICC GSD without taking on counterparty risk for those trades. FICC GSD acts as a central counterparty on all U.S. government securities transactions occurring on Cboe Fixed Income and, as such, guarantees clearance and settlement of all those matched trades. We believe that any potential requirement for us to make payments under these guarantees is remote and accordingly, have not recorded any liability in the condensed consolidated financial statements for these guarantees.

Historically, we have not incurred any liability due to a customer’s failure to satisfy its contractual obligations as counterparty to a system trade. Credit difficulties or insolvency, or the perceived possibility of credit difficulties or insolvency, of one or more larger or more visible market participants could also result in market-wide credit difficulties or other market disruptions.

We do not have counterparty credit risk with respect to institutional spot FX trades occurring on our platform because Cboe FX is not a counterparty to any FX transactions. All transactions occurring on our platform occur bilaterally between two banks or prime brokers as counterparties to the trade. While Cboe FX does not have direct counterparty risk, Cboe FX may suffer a decrease in transaction volume if a bank or prime broker experiences an event that causes other prime brokers to decrease or revoke the credit available to the prime broker experiencing the event. Therefore, Cboe FX may have risk that is related to the credit of the banks and prime brokers that trade FX on the Cboe FX platform.

We also have credit risk related to transaction fees that are billed in arrears to customers on a monthly basis. Our potential exposure to credit losses on these transactions is represented by the receivable balances in our balance sheet. Our customers are financial institutions whose ability to satisfy their contractual obligations may be impacted by volatile securities markets.

The Company is exposed to further credit and investment risk through our clearing operations. Cboe Clear Europe holds material amounts of clearing member collateral, both cash and non-cash deposits, which are held or invested primarily to provide security of capital while minimizing credit risk as well as liquidity and market risks. Cboe Clear U.S. holds amounts of clearing member collateral in the form of cash. The following is a summary of the risks associated with these deposits and how these risks are mitigated:

• Credit Risk - Credit risk relates predominantly to the event a clearing member fails to meet a financial or contractual obligation, but also relates to the event custodians and settlement banks default. Cboe Clear Europe attempts to mitigate this risk through minimum participant requirements for existing clearing members and SFT's special clearing members and monitoring their financial health. To cover potential loss to Cboe Clear Europe in the event of a clearing member default, collateral is required from clearing members. Besides potential defaults of clearing members, the main credit risk faced by the clearinghouse is exposure to clearing members when a trade fails to

settle. To help mitigate this risk, a fail fee is charged to discourage late settlements. This fee covers Cboe Clear Europe’s costs but also acts as a deterrent as required by applicable settlement efficiency regulation. Cboe Clear U.S. sets minimum financial requirements on custodians, settlement banks and any clearing member that may expose the clearinghouse to credit risk. The financial strength of custodians, settlement banks and such clearing members is monitored routinely. Furthermore, Cboe Clear U.S. requires clearing members to post full or margined collateral, depending on the product eligible for clearing and their trading activities are subject to pre-trade checks on CFE. As of June 30, 2026, Cboe Clear U.S. only clears margined products. Cboe Clear U.S. does not expect a material loss concerning credit risk on any clearing member, custodian, or settlement bank.

• Liquidity Risk – Liquidity risk is the risk Cboe Clear Europe may not be able to meet its payment obligations in the right currency, in the right place and at the right time. To help mitigate this risk, Cboe Clear Europe monitors its liquidity requirements closely and maintains funds and assets in a manner which attempts to minimize the risk of loss or delay in the access by the clearinghouse to such funds and assets. For example, holding funds with a central bank where possible or making only short-term investments serves to help reduce liquidity risks. Liquidity is mainly required for securities settlement. The payment and settlement obligations generally stem from the function of Cboe Clear Europe as a cash equity clearinghouse: shares are bought and sold by clearing members on a trading platform or OTC, and netted to settle two days later. During the settlement, the actual payment for and delivery of the shares take place, which requires intraday liquidity. If counterparties that receive shares against payment are unable to settle, an overnight liquidity need arises. The overnight liquidity is typically very short term, and is usually limited to a few days. Cboe Clear U.S. monitors its liquidity requirements closely and maintains funds and assets in a manner which attempts to minimize the risk of loss or delay in the access by the clearinghouse to such funds and assets. For example, only allowing highly liquid USD denominated assets to be posted as collateral, or other highly liquid USD denominated assets as the clearinghouse may approve. Cboe Clear U.S. may not be able to meet its payment obligations in a timely manner in the event of delay in payment or default by a clearing member.

Cboe Clear Europe entered into a €1.2 billion committed syndicated multicurrency revolving and swingline credit facility that is available to be drawn by Cboe Clear Europe towards (a) financing unsettled amounts in connection with the settlement of transactions in securities and other items processed through Cboe Clear Europe’s clearing system and (b) financing any other liability or liquidity requirement of Cboe Clear Europe incurred in the operation of its clearing system, however we can give no assurance that this facility will be sufficient to meet all such obligations or sufficiently mitigate Cboe Clear Europe’s liquidity risk to meet its payment obligations when due.

• Market Risk – Cboe Clear Europe is also exposed to market risk in the event that a clearing member defaults and the market prices of the securities in its open positions have moved adversely so the clearinghouse can only close out the clearing member's obligations at a loss. To help mitigate market risk, Cboe Clear Europe collects collateral on an end of day and intraday basis from clearing members, together with contributions to the default fund to cover losses from a clearing member default. Adverse movements in exchange rates affecting the value of obligations and collateral are factored into the calculation of the amount of collateral to be collected. Cboe Clear U.S. is also exposed to market risk in the event that a clearing member defaults and the market prices of its open positions have moved adversely so the clearinghouse can only close out the member's obligations at a loss or the clearing member has already realized trading losses in excess of the collateral at the time of default or the combination of the two. Cboe Clear U.S. collects collateral on an end of day and intraday basis from clearing members that are clearing margin eligible futures contracts. Cboe Clear U.S. only allows collateral in USD at this time. Cboe Clear U.S. maintains pre-funded resources to cover probable losses during normal market conditions due to default of clearing members.

• Investment Risk – Cboe Clear Europe, as of June 30, 2026, held $2.5 billion of clearing member margin deposits, default fund, and interoperability fund which are held or invested primarily to provide security of capital while minimizing credit, market and liquidity risks. In the event that a sovereign government or reverse repurchase agreement counterparty defaults, the value we hold as collateral might not be sufficient to cover our capital requirements in the event of defaults. While Cboe Clear Europe seeks to achieve a reasonable rate of return which may generate interest income for clearing members, Cboe Clear Europe is primarily concerned with preservation of capital and managing the risks associated with these deposits. As Cboe Clear Europe passes on interest revenues (minus costs) to the clearing members, this could include negative or reduced yield due to market conditions. While Cboe Clear Europe has policies and procedures that strive to help ensure that clearing member collateral is protected, Cboe Clear Europe cannot absolutely assure that these measures and safeguards will be sufficient to protect margin deposits, default fund, and interoperability fund from a default or that we will not be materially and adversely affected in the event of a significant default.

On a regular basis, we review and evaluate changes in the status of our counterparties’ creditworthiness. Credit losses such as those described above could adversely affect our condensed consolidated financial position and results of operations. Any such effects to date have been minimal.

Interest Rate Risk

We have exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relating to our cash and cash equivalents, financial investments, and indebtedness. As of June 30, 2026 and 2025, our cash and cash equivalents, cash and cash equivalents held for sale, and financial investments were $2,461.0 million and $1,463.9 million, respectively, of which $469.9 million and $257.5 million were held outside of the United States in various foreign subsidiaries in 2026 and 2025, respectively. The remaining cash and cash equivalents and financial investments are denominated in U.S. dollars. We do not use our investment portfolio for trading or other speculative purposes. Due to the nature of these investments, we have not been exposed to, nor do we anticipate being exposed to, material risks due to changes in interest rates, assuming no change in the amount or composition of our cash and cash equivalents and financial investments.

As of June 30, 2026, we had $1,443.8 million in outstanding debt, all of which relates to our Senior Notes, which bear interest at fixed interest rates. Changes in interest rates will have no impact on the interest we pay on fixed rate obligations. We are also exposed to changes in interest rates as a result of borrowings under our Revolving Credit Agreement and the Cboe Clear Europe Credit Facility, as these facilities bear interest at fluctuating rates. As of June 30, 2026, there were no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Agreement or Cboe Clear Europe Credit Facility. See Note 10 (“Debt”) to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of debt agreements.

Liquidity Risk

We are exposed to liquidity risk under certain circumstances in relation to the cross-acceleration and cross-default provisions within the Revolving Credit Agreement as a result of the Company, as guarantor, entering into the Cboe Clear Europe Credit Facility. A default of the Revolving Credit Agreement or the Facility may allow lenders to accelerate any related drawn amounts and may result in the acceleration of the Company’s other outstanding debt to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies, which may limit the Company’s liquidity, business, and financing activities. See Note 10 (“Debt”) to the condensed consolidated financial statements for a discussion of debt agreements.

**a)**Disclosure controls and procedures. The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.

**b)**Internal controls over financial reporting. No changes occurred in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the second quarter of 2026 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Cboe incorporates herein by reference the discussion set forth in Note 21 (“Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees”) of the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein.

There have been no material updates during the period covered by this Form 10-Q to the Legal Proceedings as set forth in Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025.

There have been no material updates during the period covered by this Form 10-Q to the Risk Factors as set forth in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 and in Item 1A. of our Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2026. These risks and uncertainties, however, are not the only risks and uncertainties that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial may also significantly impact us. Any risks and uncertainties may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, liquidity and cash flows.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

Share repurchase program

In 2011, the Board of Directors approved an initial authorization of $100 million for the Company to repurchase shares of its outstanding common stock and subsequently approved additional authorizations for a total authorization of $2.3 billion. The program permits the Company to purchase shares, through a variety of methods, including in the open market, through established trading plans, or through privately negotiated transactions, in accordance with applicable securities laws. It does not obligate the Company to make any repurchases at any specific time or situation. The Company repurchased 127,015 shares of its common stock under its share repurchase program during the three months ended June 30, 2026 at an average cost per share of $256.61, totaling $32.6 million, and had $536.8 million of availability remaining under its existing share repurchase authorizations as of June 30, 2026.

The table below shows the purchases of equity securities by the Company which settled during the three months ended June 30, 2026, reflecting the purchase of common stock under the Company's share repurchase program:

Purchase of common stock from employees

The table below reflects the acquisition of common stock by the Company in the three months ended June 30, 2026 that was not part of the publicly announced share repurchase authorization. These shares consisted of shares retained to cover payroll withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock unit awards and performance share awards.

Use of proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Securities Trading Plans of Executive Officers and Directors

During the three months ended June 30, 2026, none of our directors and executive officers adopted or terminated contracts, instructions, or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.