Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
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Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Market Information and Holders
Our common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol "CCI."
As of February 18, 2022, there were approximately 528 holders of record of our common stock.
Dividend Policy
We operate as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To remain qualified and be taxed as a REIT, we will generally be required to annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income after the utilization of any available NOLs (determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding net capital gain). See also "Item 1. Business—REIT Status," "Item 1A. Risk Factors," "Item 7. MD&A—General Overview—Common Stock Dividend," "Item 7. MD&A—Liquidity and Capital Resources—Financing Activities—Common Stock" and notes 9 and 10 to our consolidated financial statements.
Over time, we expect to increase our dividend per share generally commensurate with our growth in cash flows. The declaration amount and payment of any future dividends, however, are subject to the determination and approval of our board of directors based on then-current or anticipated future conditions, including our earnings, net cash generated by operating activities, capital requirements, financial condition, our relative market capitalization, our existing NOLs, or other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. In addition, our ability to pay dividends is limited under certain circumstances by the terms of our debt instruments.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table summarizes information with respect to purchases of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of 2021:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 1 - October 31, 2021 | 1 | $ | 169.82 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||||
| November 1 - November 30, 2021 | 3 | 180.85 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 1 - December 31, 2021 | 2 | 189.62 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | 6 | $ | 181.33 | — | — |
We paid approximately $1 million in cash to effect these purchases. The shares purchased relate to shares withheld in connection with the payment of withholding taxes upon vesting of restricted stock units.
Performance Graph
The following performance graph is a comparison of the five-year cumulative total stockholder return on our common stock against the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 Market Index, the Dow Jones U.S. Telecommunications Equipment Index and the FTSE NAREIT All Equity REITs Index for the period commencing December 31, 2016 and ending December 31, 2021. The performance graph assumes an initial investment of $100.00 and the reinvestment of all dividends in our common stock and in each of the indices. The performance graph and related text are based on historical data and are not necessarily indicative of future performance.

| Years Ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Company/Index/Market | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Crown Castle International Corp. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 132.93 | $ | 135.23 | $ | 183.19 | $ | 211.79 | $ | 286.07 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 Market Index | 100.00 | 121.83 | 116.49 | 153.17 | 181.35 | 233.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DJ U.S. Telecommunications Equipment Index | 100.00 | 123.05 | 133.55 | 155.24 | 158.83 | 231.68 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FTSE Nareit All Equity REITs Index | 100.00 | 108.67 | 104.28 | 134.17 | 127.30 | 179.87 |
The performance graph above and related text are being furnished solely to accompany this 2021 Form 10-K pursuant to Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K, and are not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of ours, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.
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