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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The selected financial data set forth below are not necessarily indicative of the results of future operations and should be read in conjunction with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes. Items that materially impact the comparability of the results over the last five years are discussed below the table.

Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions, except per share amounts)20202019201820172016
Statement of Operations Data:
Net sales$18,467.5$18,032.4$16,240.5$14,832.9$13,672.7
Cost of sales15,257.414,992.513,533.612,382.711,344.4
Gross profit3,210.13,039.92,706.92,450.22,328.3
Selling and administrative expenses2,030.91,906.31,719.61,583.71,508.3
Operating income1,179.21,133.6987.3866.5820.0
Interest expense, net(154.9)(159.4)(148.6)(150.5)(146.5)
Other (expense) income, net(22.0)(24.5)1.8(55.3)(0.3)
Income before income taxes1,002.3949.7840.5660.7673.2
Income tax expense(213.8)(212.9)(197.5)(137.6)(248.1)
Net income$788.5$736.8$643.0$523.1$425.1
Net income per common share:
Basic$5.53$5.08$4.26$3.37$2.60
Diluted$5.45$4.99$4.19$3.31$2.56
Cash dividends declared per common share$1.5400$1.2650$0.9250$0.6900$0.4825
Balance Sheet Data (at period end):
Cash and cash equivalents$1,410.2$154.0$205.8$144.2$263.7
Working capital2,055.2842.7993.7874.2959.9
Total assets9,344.77,999.47,167.76,966.76,958.4
Total debt and finance lease obligations(1)(2)3,927.23,317.33,209.13,236.73,236.6
Total stockholders' equity1,297.1960.3975.2985.61,047.9
Other Financial Data:
Capital expenditures$158.0$236.3$86.1$81.1$63.5
Gross profit as a percentage of Net sales17.4%16.9%16.7%16.5%17.0%
Non-GAAP operating income(3)$1,404.6$1,368.4$1,216.6$1,106.8$1,048.3
Non-GAAP net income(4)954.4902.1794.3605.9569.7
Statement of Cash Flows Data:
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities$1,314.3$1,027.2$905.9$777.7$604.0
Investing activities(201.0)(331.4)(86.1)(81.1)(65.9)
Financing activities138.8(749.8)(754.8)(818.7)(304.6)

(1)Excludes borrowings of $525 million, $430 million, $429 million, $498 million and $580 million as of December 31, 2020, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, under our inventory financing agreements. We do not include these borrowings in total debt because we have not in the past incurred, and in the future do not expect to incur, any interest expense or late fees under these agreements.

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(2)On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), and applied the requirements retrospectively. As such, the lease obligations included in this line are classified as finance leases for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, and as capital leases for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

(3)Non-GAAP operating income excludes, among other things, charges related to the amortization of acquisition-related intangible assets, equity-based compensation and the associated payroll taxes, a workforce reduction program, and acquisition and integration expenses. Non-GAAP operating income is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company's performance or financial position that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with US GAAP. Non-GAAP measures used by management may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures. We believe Non-GAAP operating income provide analysts, investors and management with helpful information regarding the underlying operating performance of our business, as this measure removes the impact of items that management believes are not reflective of underlying operating performance. Management uses this measure to evaluate period-over-period performance as management believes it provides a more comparable measure of the underlying business.

The following unaudited table sets forth a reconciliation of Operating income to Non-GAAP operating income for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)20202019201820172016
Operating income, as reported$1,179.2$1,133.6$987.3$866.5$820.0
Amortization of intangibles(1)158.1178.5182.7185.1187.2
Equity-based compensation42.548.540.743.739.2
Workforce reduction charges8.5————
Other adjustments(2)16.37.85.911.51.9
Non-GAAP operating income$1,404.6$1,368.4$1,216.6$1,106.8$1,048.3

(1)Includes amortization expense for acquisition-related intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, customer contracts and trade names.

(2)Includes other expenses such as payroll taxes on equity-based compensation, expenses related to the consolidation of office space and relocation of the downtown Chicago office, settlement of litigation matters, and acquisition and integration expenses.

(3)

(4)Non-GAAP net income excludes, among other things, charges related to acquisition-related intangible asset amortization, equity-based compensation, net loss on extinguishment of long-term debt, a workforce reduction program, acquisition and integration expenses, and the associated tax effects of each. Non-GAAP net income is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company's performance or financial position that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally included or excluded in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with US GAAP. Non-GAAP measures used by management may differ from similar measures used by other companies, even when similar terms are used to identify such measures. We believe that Non-GAAP net income provides analysts, investors and management with helpful information regarding the underlying operating performance of our business, as this measure removes the impact of items that management believes are not reflective of underlying operating performance. Management uses this measure to evaluate period-over-period performance as management believes it provides a more comparable measure of the underlying business.

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The following unaudited table sets forth a reconciliation of Net income to Non-GAAP net income for the periods presented:

Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)20202019201820172016
Net income$788.5$736.8$643.0$523.1$425.1
Amortization of intangibles(1)158.1178.5182.7185.1187.2
Equity-based compensation42.548.540.743.739.2
Net loss on extinguishments of long-term debt27.322.1—57.42.1
Workforce reduction charges8.5————
Other adjustments(2)16.37.85.911.51.9
Aggregate adjustments for income taxes(3)(86.8)(91.6)(78.0)(214.9)(85.8)
Non-GAAP net income$954.4$902.1$794.3$605.9$569.7

(1)Includes amortization expense for acquisition-related intangible assets, primarily customer relationships, customer contracts and trade names.

(2)Includes other expenses such as payroll taxes on equity-based compensation, expenses related to the consolidation of office space and relocation of the downtown Chicago office, consolidation of office space, settlement of litigation matters, the favorable resolution of a local sales tax matter, and acquisition and integration expenses.

(3)Aggregate adjustments for income taxes consists of the following:

Year Ended December 31,
(dollars in millions)20202019201820172016
Total Non-GAAP adjustments$252.7$256.9$229.3$297.7$230.4
Weighted-average statutory effective rate25.0%25.0%25.0%36.0%36.0%
Income tax(63.2)(64.2)(57.3)(107.2)(82.9)
Deferred tax adjustment due to law changes2.70.30.51.3(1.5)
Excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation(26.3)(24.5)(19.1)(36.2)(1.8)
Discrete tax benefit related to CDW Canada's acquisition of Scalar—(3.0)———
Tax Cuts and Jobs Act——(1.9)(75.5)—
Non-deductible adjustments and other—(0.2)(0.2)2.70.4
Total aggregate adjustments for income taxes$(86.8)$(91.6)$(78.0)$(214.9)$(85.8)

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