Constellation Energy 10-Q 2023-09-30

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023

or

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

The number of shares outstanding of each registrant’s common stock as of October 31, 2023 was as follows:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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(Dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)

Executive Overview

We are a supplier of clean energy. Our generating capacity includes primarily nuclear, wind, solar, natural gas and hydroelectric assets. Through our integrated business operations, we sell electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related products and sustainable solutions to various types of customers, including distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and commercial, industrial, governmental, and residential customers in markets across multiple geographic regions. We have five reportable segments: Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, New York, ERCOT and Other Power Regions.

Significant Transactions and Developments

Separation from Exelon

On February 21, 2021, Exelon’s Board of Directors approved a plan to separate its competitive generation and customer-facing energy businesses into a stand-alone publicly traded company (separation). Exelon completed the separation on February 1, 2022. We incurred separation costs of $18 million and $30 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and $84 million and $99 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are primarily recorded in Operating and maintenance expense. The separation costs are primarily comprised of system-related costs, third-party costs paid to advisors, consultants, lawyers, and other experts assisting in the separation. See Note 1 — Basis of Presentation of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Share Repurchase Program

On February 16, 2023, our Board of Directors announced a share repurchase program with a $1 billion authority without expiration. Repurchases under this program commenced in March 2023. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, we repurchased from the open market 2.3 million and 8.5 million shares of our common stock for a total cost, inclusive of taxes and transaction costs, of $253 million and $756 million, respectively. See Note 14 — Shareholders' Equity of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Acquisition of Joint Ownership in South Texas Project

On November 1, 2023, we acquired NRG South Texas LP, which owns a 44% undivided ownership interest in the jointly owned South Texas Project Nuclear Generating Station (STP), a 2,645-megawatt, dual-unit nuclear plant located in Bay City, Texas, for a cash purchase price of $1.75 billion. This acquisition is complementary to and aligned strategically with our existing clean energy business operations. See Note 2 — Mergers, Acquisitions, and Dispositions of the Combined notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on this acquisition.

Revenue Recognized for Illinois ZECs Delivered in Prior Planning Years

Our Clinton and Quad Cities units contract with certain utilities in Illinois which requires delivery of all ZECs produced during each planning year (June 1 to May 31), with total compensation limited by an annual cap for each planning year designed to limit the cost of ZECs to each utility's customers. ZECs delivered that, if paid, would result in the annual cap being exceeded may be paid in subsequent years at the vintage year price as long as the payments would not exceed the annual cap in the year paid. In each planning year since the program commenced on June 1, 2017, we delivered ZECs to the utilities in excess of the annual compensation cap.

The ZEC price and annual compensation cap effective for each planning year are administratively determined by the IPA. For the June 1, 2023 to May 31, 2024 planning year, the ZEC price has been established at $0.30 per ZEC, subject to an annual cap of $224 million. ZECs generated and delivered during this planning year will not exceed the annual cap, providing capacity to compensate for ZECs delivered in prior planning years in excess of the compensation cap. During the second quarter of 2023, we recognized $218 million of revenue as a

receivable for ZECs delivered in prior planning years, with payment expected in the third quarter of 2024. As of September 30, 2023, this receivable is included within Customer accounts receivable, net in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Other Key Business Drivers

Russia and Ukraine Conflict

We are closely monitoring developments of the Russia and Ukraine conflict including United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and Canadian sanctions that may impact exports and imports of Russian nuclear fuel supply and enrichment activities, as well as the potential for Russia to limit energy deliveries. To-date, our nuclear fuel deliveries have not been affected by the Russia and Ukraine conflict. Our nuclear fuel is obtained predominantly through long-term uranium supply and service contracts. We work with a diverse set of domestic and international suppliers years in advance to procure our nuclear fuel and generally have enough nuclear fuel to support all our refueling needs for multiple years regardless of sanctions. Recognizing the potential for the continuing conflict to impact our longer-term security and cost of supply, we have entered into contracts to increase the size of our nuclear fuel inventory. We are taking this affirmative action by working with our diverse set of suppliers to ensure we can secure the nuclear fuel needed to continue to operate our nuclear fleet long-term and provide the necessary fuel to bridge potential Russian supply disruption through 2028, which is the date multiple suppliers are expected to have incremental additional capacity online. We are also continuing to work with federal policymakers and other stakeholders to facilitate the expansion of the domestic nuclear fuel cycle within the United States to improve carbon-free energy security.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management makes a number of significant estimates, assumptions, and judgements in the preparation of our financial statements. At September 30, 2023, the Registrants’ critical accounting policies and estimates had not changed significantly from December 31, 2022. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in our 2022 Form 10-K for further information.

Financial Results of Operations

GAAP Results of Operations. The following table sets forth our consolidated GAAP Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same periods in 2022. For additional information regarding the financial results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 see the discussions of Results of Operations below.

Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP). In analyzing and planning for our business, we supplement our use of GAAP Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders with Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) as a performance measure. Adjusted EBITDA (non-GAAP) reflects an addi

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We are exposed to market risks associated with adverse changes in commodity prices, counterparty credit, interest rates, and equity prices. We manage these risks through risk management policies and objectives for risk assessment, control and valuation, counterparty credit approval, and the monitoring and reporting of risk exposures. After the separation on February 1, 2022, reporting on risk management issues is to the Executive Committee, the Risk Management Committees of our generation and customer-facing businesses, and the Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors. The following discussion serves as an update to ITEM 7A - QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporated herein by reference.

Commodity Price Risk

Commodity price risk is associated with price movements resulting from changes in supply and demand, fuel costs, market liquidity, weather conditions, governmental, regulatory and environmental policies, and other factors. To the extent the total amount of energy we generate and purchase differs from the amount of energy we have contracted to sell, we are exposed to market fluctuations in commodity prices. We seek to mitigate our commodity price risk through the sale and purchase of electricity, natural gas and oil, and other commodities.

Electricity available from our owned or contracted generation supply in excess of our obligations to customers is sold into the wholesale markets. To reduce commodity price risk caused by market fluctuations, we enter into non-derivative contracts as well as derivative contracts, including swaps, futures, forwards, and options, with approved counterparties to hedge anticipated exposures. We use derivative instruments as economic hedges to mitigate exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices. We expect the settlement of the majority of our economic hedges will occur during 2023 through 2026.

In general, increases and decreases in forward market prices have a positive and negative impact, respectively, on owned and contracted generation positions that have not been hedged. For merchant revenues not already hedged via comprehensive state programs, such as the CMC in Illinois, historically we have used a three-year ratable sales plan to align our hedging strategy with our financial objectives. As a result, our prompt three-year merchant revenues have been hedged on an approximate rolling 90%/60%/30% basis. We may also enter into transactions that are outside of this ratable hedging program. As of September 30, 2023, the percentage of expected generation hedged for the Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, New York, and ERCOT reportable segments is 97%-100% and 80%-83% for 2023 and 2024, respectively. Going forward, we will continue to be proactive in managing our overall portfolio exposure to commodity risk, but will also manage our generation portfolio through the nuclear PTC, which, starting in 2024, provides downside commodity price protection for our nuclear units. Like our traditional hedging program, the nuclear PTC is an important tool in managing commodity risk.

Market price risk exposure is the risk of a change in the value of unhedged positions. The forecasted market price risk exposure for our entire economic hedge portfolio associated with a $5.00/MWh reduction in the annual average around-the-clock energy price based on September 30, 2023 market conditions and hedged position would have no change on the pre-tax net income for 2023 and a decrease in pre-tax net income of approximately $153 million for 2024.

See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Fuel Procurement

We procure natural gas through long-term and short-term contracts and spot-market purchases. Nuclear fuel assemblies are obtained predominantly through long-term uranium concentrate supply contracts, contracted conversion services, contracted enrichment services, or a combination thereof, including contracts sourced from Russia, and contracted fuel fabrication services. The supply markets for uranium concentrates and certain nuclear fuel services are subject to price fluctuations and availability restrictions. Supply market conditions may make our procurement contracts subject to credit risk related to the potential non-performance of counterparties to deliver the contracted commodity or service at the contracted prices. We engage a diverse set of suppliers to ensure we can secure the nuclear fuel needed to continue to operate our nuclear fleet long-term. Approximately 55% of our uranium concentrate requirements for the remainder of 2023 through 2028 are supplied by three suppliers. To-date, we have not experienced any counterparty credit risk associated with these suppliers stemming from the Russia and Ukraine conflict. In the event of non-performance by these or other suppliers, we believe that replacement uranium concentrate can be obtained, although at prices that may be unfavorable when compared to the prices under the current supply agreements. Geopolitical developments, including the Russia and Ukraine conflict and United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and Canadian sanctions against Russia, have the potential to impact delivery from multiple suppliers in the international uranium processing industry. Non-performance by these counterparties could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements. To-date, we have not experienced any delivery or non-performance issues from our suppliers, nor any degradation in the quality of fuel we have received, and we are closely monitoring developments from the conflict. See ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Other Key Business Drivers for more information on the Russia and Ukraine conflict.

Trading and Non-Trading Marketing Activities

The following table detailing our trading and non-trading marketing activities is included to address the recommended disclosures by the energy industry’s Committee of Chief Risk Officers.

The following table provides detail on changes in our commodity mark-to-market net asset or liability balance sheet position from December 31, 2022 to September 30, 2023. It indicates the drivers behind changes in the balance sheet amounts. This table incorporates the mark-to-market activities that are immediately recorded in earnings. This table excludes all NPNS contracts and does not segregate proprietary trading activity. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the balance sheet classification of the mark-to-market energy contract net assets recorded as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

(a)Amounts are shown net of collateral paid to and received from counterparties.

(b)Includes derivative contracts acquired or sold through upfront payments or receipts of cash, excluding option premiums, and the associated amortizations.

Fair Values

The following table presents maturity and source of fair value for mark-to-market commodity contract net assets (liabilities). See Note 12 — Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy.

(a)Mark-to-market gains and losses on other economic hedge and trading derivative contracts that are recorded in the results of operations.

(b)Amounts are shown net of collateral paid/(received) from counterparties (and offset against mark-to-market assets and liabilities) of $1,136 million at September 30, 2023.

Credit Risk

We would be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties that execute derivative instruments. The credit exposure of derivative contracts, before collateral, is represented by the fair value of contracts at the reporting date. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of credit risk.

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

As part of the normal course of business, we routinely enter into physically or financially settled contracts for the purchase and sale of electric capacity, electricity, fuels, emissions allowances, and other energy-related products. In accordance with the contracts and applicable law, if we are downgraded by a credit rating agency, especially if such downgrade is to a level below investment grade, it is possible that a counterparty would attempt to rely on such a downgrade as a basis for making a demand for adequate assurance of future performance. Depending on our net position with a counterparty, the demand could be for the posting of collateral. In the absence of expressly agreed-to provisions that specify the collateral that must be provided, collateral requested will be a function of the facts and circumstances of the situation at the time of the demand. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding collateral requirements and Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the letters of credit supporting the cash collateral.

We transact output through bilateral contracts. The bilateral contracts are subject to credit risk, which relates to the ability of counterparties to meet their contractual payment obligations. Any failure to collect these payments from counterparties could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. As market prices rise above or fall below contracted price levels, we are required to post collateral with purchasers; as market prices fall below contracted price levels, counterparties are required to post collateral with us. To post collateral, we depend on access to bank credit facilities, which serve as liquidity sources to fund collateral requirements. See ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Credit Matters and Cash Requirements — Credit Facilities for additional information.

RTOs and ISOs

We participate in all, or some, of the established, wholesale spot energy markets that are administered by PJM, ISO-NE, NYISO, CAISO, MISO, SPP, AESO, OIESO, and ERCOT. ERCOT is not subject to regulation by FERC but performs a similar function in Texas to that performed by RTOs in markets regulated by FERC. In these areas, power is traded through bilateral agreements between buyers and sellers and on the spot energy markets that are administered by the RTOs or ISOs, as applicable. In areas where there is no spot energy market, electricity is purchased and sold solely through bilateral agreements. For sales into the spot markets administered by an RTO or ISO, the RTO or ISO maintains financial assurance policies that are established and enforced by those administrators. The credit policies of the RTOs and ISOs may, under certain circumstances, require that losses arising from the default of one member on spot energy market transactions be shared by the remaining participants. Non-performance or non-payment by a major member of the ISO could result in a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Exchange Traded Transactions

We enter into commodity transactions on NYMEX, ICE, NASDAQ, NGX, and Nodal Exchange (each an Exchange and, collectively, Exchanges). The Exchange clearinghouses act as the counterparty to each trade. Transactions on the Exchanges must adhere to comprehensive collateral and margining requirements. As a result, transactions on Exchanges are significantly collateralized and have limited counterparty credit risk.

Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Risk

We use a combination of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to manage interest rate exposure. We may also utilize interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate exposure. A hypothetical 50 basis point increase in the interest rates associated with unhedged variable-rate debt (excluding Commercial Paper) and fixed-to-floating swaps would not result in a material decrease in our pre-tax income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. To manage foreign exchange rate exposure associated with international energy purchases in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we utilize foreign currency derivatives, which are typically designated as economic hedges. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Equity Price Risk

We maintain trust funds, as required by the NRC, to fund the costs of decommissioning our nuclear plants. Our NDT funds are reflected at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mix of securities in the trust funds is designed to provide returns to be used to fund decommissioning and to compensate us for inflationary increases in decommissioning costs; however, the equity securities in the trust funds are exposed to price fluctuations in equity markets, and the value of fixed-rate, fixed-income securities are exposed to changes in interest rates. We actively monitor the investment performance of the trust funds and periodically review asset allocations in accordance with our NDT fund investment policy. A hypothetical 25 basis points increase in interest rates and 10% decrease in equity prices would result in a $695 million reduction in the fair value of the trust assets as of September 30, 2023. This calculation holds all other variables constant and assumes only the discussed changes in interest rates and equity prices. See Liquidity and Capital Resources section of ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS for additional information.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

During the third quarter of 2023, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures related to the recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting of information in periodic reports that we file or submit with the SEC. These disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that (a) information relating to our consolidated subsidiaries, is accumulated and made known to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, by other employees as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and

(b) this information is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, as applicable, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Due to the inherent limitations of control systems, not all misstatements may be detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls could be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons or by collusion of two or more people.

Accordingly, as of September 30, 2023, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We continually strive to improve our disclosure controls and procedures to enhance the quality of our financial reporting and to maintain dynamic systems that change as conditions warrant. There have been no changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the third quarter of 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, any of our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

(Dollars in millions except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

We are parties to various lawsuits and regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of business. For information regarding material lawsuits and proceedings, see Note 3 — Regulatory Matters and Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS of this report. Such descriptions are incorporated herein by these references.

At September 30, 2023, our risk factors were consistent with the risk factors described in our 2022 Form 10-K in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (CEG Parent)

On February 16, 2023, as part of our capital allocation plan, our Board of Directors announced a share repurchase program with a $1 billion authority without expiration. Share repurchases may be made through a variety of methods, which may include open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions, or purchases pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan, provided that the amounts spent do not exceed what is authorized. Any repurchased shares are constructively retired and cancelled. The program does not obligate us to acquire a minimum number of shares during any period and our repurchase of CEG's common stock may be limited, suspended, or discontinued at any time at our discretion and without prior notice. Repurchases under this program commenced in March 2023.

On August 7, 2023, we entered into a stock purchase plan for the purchase of shares of our common stock (August 2023 Stock Purchase Plan), designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act. Under its terms, the August 2023 Stock Purchase Plan would expire at the later of the completion of the maximum purchase amount of $250 million of shares of our common stock, or September 30, 2023.

The following table provides information regarding our share repurchases under the program during the three months ended September 30, 2023. All repurchases disclosed were made pursuant to the August 2023 Stock Purchase Plan:

(a)We have not made any purchases of shares other than in connection with the publicly announced share repurchase program described above.

(b)Average price paid per share for open market transactions excludes taxes and commissions.

(c)Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program includes taxes and commissions.

Not Applicable.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or executive officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1 under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as defined in Item 408 under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act). See ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS for more information on the Rule 10b5-1 Stock Purchase Plan the Company entered into during the period.

Certain of the following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference under Rule 12b-32 of the Exchange Act. Certain other instruments which would otherwise be required to be listed below have not been so listed because such instruments do not authorize securities in an amount which exceeds 10% of the total assets of the applicable Registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and the relevant Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.

• Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION

November 6, 2023

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONSTELLATION ENERGY GENERATION, LLC

November 6, 2023