Constellation Energy 10-Q 2024-03-31

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2024

or

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ý No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No x

The number of shares outstanding of each registrant’s common stock as of April 30, 2024 was as follows:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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(Dollars in millions except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

Executive Overview

We are a supplier of clean energy. Our generating capacity includes primarily nuclear, wind, solar, natural gas and hydroelectric assets. Through our integrated business operations, we sell electricity, natural gas, and other energy-related products and sustainable solutions to various types of customers, including distribution utilities, municipalities, cooperatives, and commercial, industrial, governmental, and residential customers in markets across multiple geographic regions. We have five reportable segments: Mid-Atlantic, Midwest, New York, ERCOT and Other Power Regions.

Significant Transactions and Developments

Nuclear PTC

As a result of the enactment of the IRA, we qualify for certain federal government incentives through eligible activities. These incentives include both refundable and transferable tax credits. Beginning in 2024, our nuclear units are eligible for a PTC extending through 2032. The nuclear PTC provides a transferable credit up to $15 per MWh (a base credit of $3 per MWh with a five times multiplier provided certain prevailing wage requirements are met) and is subject to phase-out when annual gross receipts are between $25.00 per MWh and $43.75 per MWh. We have determined that we will meet the annual prevailing wage requirements at all our nuclear units and are eligible for the five times multiplier. Both the amount of the PTC and the gross receipts thresholds adjust annually for inflation over the duration of the program, and the benefits of the PTC may be realized through a credit against our federal income taxes or transferred via sale to an unrelated party. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income includes an estimate of $304 million in Operating revenues for nuclear PTC earned based on qualifying production volumes during the period. See Note 5 — Government Assistance of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Share Repurchase Program

On April 30, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a $1 billion increase to the previously announced share repurchase program, authorizing total repurchases of up to $3 billion. As of the date of filing, we have purchased a total of approximately 13.5 million shares for a total cost of $1.5 billion, with remaining authority to purchase up to $1.5 billion of the Company's outstanding common stock. See Note 14 — Shareholders' Equity of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Other Key Business Drivers

Russia and Ukraine Conflict

We are closely monitoring developments of the ongoing Russia and Ukraine conflict, including United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and Canadian sanctions, and legislation that may impact exports and imports of Russian nuclear fuel supply and enrichment activities, as well as the potential for Russia to limit energy deliveries. We are cognizant of the recent passage of the U.S. legislation known as “Prohibiting Russian Uranium Imports Act” that is expected to be signed by the President. Among its provisions, the legislation bans the import of low-enriched uranium into the U.S. that is produced in Russia or by Russian entities, absent a waiver from the DOE. The passage of this bill will allow the Department of Energy to begin the process of distributing billions of dollars that were previously appropriated to support expansion of the domestic nuclear fuel cycle within the United States to improve carbon-free energy security. To-date, our nuclear fuel deliveries have not been affected by the Russia and Ukraine conflict. Our nuclear fuel is obtained predominantly through long-term uranium supply and service contracts. We work with a diverse set of domestic and international suppliers years in advance to procure our nuclear fuel and generally have enough nuclear fuel to support all our refueling needs for multiple years regardless of sanctions. Recognizing the potential for the continuing conflict to impact our longer-term security and cost of supply, we have entered into contracts to increase the size of our nuclear fuel inventory. We are taking this affirmative action by working with our diverse set of suppliers to ensure we can secure the nuclear fuel needed to continue to operate our nuclear fleet long-term and provide the necessary fuel to bridge potential

Russian supply disruption into 2029, which is the date multiple suppliers are expected to have incremental additional capacity online.

Environmental Regulation

Regulation of GHGs from Power Plants under the Clean Air Act. In April 2024, EPA issued a final rule that regulates greenhouse gases from existing coal, new natural gas fired power plants, and existing oil/gas steam generators under Clean Air Act section 111. The applicable standards are subcategorized by retirement date for existing coal and capacity factor for existing gas. We are evaluating market impacts of this rule, which will be affected by upcoming state implementation and expected litigation. EPA is soliciting comment on approaches for regulating GHGs from existing gas plants in a docket that closes in May 2024.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Management makes a number of significant estimates, assumptions, and judgements in the preparation of our financial statements. At March 31, 2024, our critical accounting policies and estimates had not changed significantly from December 31, 2023, with the exception of accounting for government grants and disclosure of government assistance. See Note 5 — Government Assistance of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in our 2023 Form 10-K for further information.

Financial Results of Operations

GAAP Results of Operations. The following table sets forth our consolidated GAAP Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Common Shareholders for the three months ended March 31, 2024 compared to the same period in 2023. For additional information regarding the financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 see the discussions of Results of Operations below.

Adjusted (non-GAAP) Operating Earnings. We utilize Adjusted (non-GAAP) Operating Earnings (and/or its per share equivalent) in our internal analysis, and in communications with investors and analysts, as a consistent measure for comparing our financial performance and discussing the factors and trends affecting our business. The presentation of Adjusted (non-GAAP) Operating Earnings is intended to complement and should not be considered an alternative to, nor more useful than, the presentation of GAAP Net Income.

The table below provides a reconciliation of GAAP Net Income to Adjusted (non-GAAP) Operating Earnings. Adjusted (non-GAAP) Operating Earnings is not a standardized financial measure and may not be comparable to other companies’ presentations of similarly titled measures.

Unles

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(Dollars in millions, unless otherwise noted)

We are exposed to market risks associated with adverse changes in commodity prices, counterparty credit, interest rates, and equity prices. We manage these risks through risk management policies and objectives for risk assessment, control and valuation, counterparty credit approval, and the monitoring and reporting of risk exposures. We report risk management issues to the Executive Committee and the Audit and Risk Committee of the Board of Directors. The following discussion serves as an update to ITEM 7A — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K incorporated herein by reference.

Commodity Price Risk

Commodity price risk is associated with price movements resulting from changes in supply and demand, fuel costs, market liquidity, weather conditions, governmental, regulatory and environmental policies, and other factors. To the extent the total amount of energy we produce or procure differs from the amount of energy we have contracted to sell, we are exposed to market fluctuations in commodity prices. We seek to mitigate our commodity price risk through the sale and purchase of electricity, natural gas and oil, and other commodities.

Electricity available from our owned or contracted generation supply in excess of our obligations to customers is sold into the wholesale markets. To reduce commodity price risk caused by market fluctuations, we enter into non-derivative contracts as well as derivative contracts, including swaps, futures, forwards, and options, with approved counterparties to hedge anticipated exposures. We use derivative instruments as economic hedges to mitigate exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices. We expect the settlement of the majority of our economic hedges will occur during 2024 through 2026.

In general, increases and decreases in forward market prices have a positive and negative impact, respectively, on owned and contracted generation positions that have not been hedged. Beginning in 2024, our nuclear fleet is eligible for the nuclear PTC provided by the IRA, an important tool in managing commodity price risk for each nuclear unit not already receiving state support. The nuclear PTC provides increasing levels of support as unit revenues decline below levels established in the IRA and is further adjusted for inflation after 2024 through the duration of the program based on the GDP price deflator for the preceding calendar year. See Note 5 — Government Assistance of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the nuclear PTC.

In locations and periods where our load serving activities do not naturally offset existing generation portfolio risk, remaining commodity price exposure is managed through portfolio hedging activities. Portfolio hedging activities are generally concentrated in the prompt three years, when customer demand and market liquidity enable effective price risk mitigation. During this prompt three-year period, we seek to mitigate the price risk associated with our load serving contracts, non-nuclear generation, and any residual price risk for our nuclear generation that the nuclear PTC and state programs may not fully mitigate. We also enter transactions that further optimize the economic benefits of our overall portfolio.

The forecasted market price risk exposure is the risk of a change in the value of unhedged positions. The forecasted market price risk exposure for our entire economic hedge portfolio associated with a $5/MWh reduction in the annual average around-the-clock energy price based on March 31, 2024 market conditions and hedged position results in an immaterial impact to net income (loss) for 2024 and 2025, respectively, largely due to the nuclear PTC. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Fuel Procurement

We procure natural gas through long-term and short-term contracts, and spot-market purchases. Nuclear fuel is obtained predominantly through long-term uranium concentrate supply contracts, contracted conversion services, contracted enrichment services, or a combination thereof, including contracts sourced from Russia, and

contracted fuel fabrication services. The supply markets for uranium concentrates and certain nuclear fuel services are subject to price fluctuations and availability restrictions. Supply market conditions may make our procurement contracts subject to credit risk related to the potential non-performance of counterparties to deliver the contracted commodity or service at the contracted prices. We engage a diverse set of suppliers to ensure we can secure the nuclear fuel needed to continue to operate our nuclear fleet long-term. Approximately 45% of our uranium concentrate requirements for the remainder of 2024 through 2029 are supplied by three suppliers. To-date, we have not experienced any counterparty credit risk associated with these suppliers stemming from the Russia and Ukraine conflict. In the event of non-performance by these or other suppliers, we believe that replacement uranium concentrate can be obtained, although at prices that may be unfavorable when compared to the prices under the current supply agreements. Geopolitical developments, including the Russia and Ukraine conflict and United States, United Kingdom, European Union, and Canadian sanctions against Russia, have the potential to impact delivery from multiple suppliers in the international uranium processing industry. Non-performance by these counterparties could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements. To-date, we have not experienced any delivery or non-performance issues from our suppliers, nor any degradation in the quality of fuel we have received, and we are closely monitoring developments from the conflict. See ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Other Key Business Drivers for more information on the Russia and Ukraine conflict.

Trading and Non-Trading Marketing Activities

The following table provides detail on changes in our commodity mark-to-market net asset or liability balance sheet position from December 31, 2023 to March 31, 2024. It indicates the drivers behind changes in the balance sheet amounts. This table incorporates the mark-to-market activities that are immediately recorded in earnings. This table excludes all NPNS contracts and does not segregate proprietary trading activity. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the balance sheet classification of the mark-to-market energy contract net assets (liabilities) recorded as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

(a)Amounts are shown net of collateral paid to and received from counterparties.

(b)Includes derivative contracts acquired or sold through upfront payments or receipts of cash, excluding option premiums, and the associated amortizations.

Fair Values

The following table presents maturity and source of fair value for mark-to-market commodity contract net assets (liabilities). See Note 12 — Fair Value of Financial Assets and Liabilities of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding fair value measurements and the fair value hierarchy.

(a)Mark-to-market gains and losses on other economic hedge and trading derivative contracts that are recorded in the results of operations.

(b)Amounts are shown net of collateral paid to and received from counterparties (and offset against mark-to-market assets and liabilities) of $2,102 million at March 31, 2024.

Credit Risk

We would be exposed to credit-related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties that execute derivative instruments. The credit exposure of derivative contracts, before collateral, is represented by the fair value of contracts at the reporting date. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a detailed discussion of credit risk.

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

As part of the normal course of business, we routinely enter into physically or financially settled contracts for the purchase and sale of electric capacity, electricity, fuels, emissions allowances, and other energy-related products. In accordance with the contracts and applicable law, if we are downgraded by a credit rating agency, especially if such downgrade is to a level below investment grade, it is possible that a counterparty would attempt to rely on such a downgrade as a basis for making a demand for adequate assurance of future performance. Depending on our net position with a counterparty, the demand could be for the posting of collateral. In the absence of expressly agreed-to provisions that specify the collateral that must be provided, collateral requested will be a function of the facts and circumstances of the situation at the time of the demand. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding collateral requirements and Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the letters of credit supporting the cash collateral.

We transact output through bilateral contracts. The bilateral contracts are subject to credit risk, which relates to the ability of counterparties to meet their contractual payment obligations. Any failure to collect these payments from counterparties could have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. As market prices rise above or fall below contracted price levels, we are required to post collateral with purchasers; as market prices fall below contracted price levels, counterparties are required to post collateral with us. To post collateral, we depend on access to bank credit facilities, which serve as liquidity sources to fund collateral requirements. See ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS, Liquidity and Capital Resources — Credit Matters and Cash Requirements — Credit Facilities for additional information.

RTOs and ISOs

We participate in all of the established wholesale energy markets that are administered by PJM, ISO-NE, NYISO, CAISO, MISO, SPP, AESO, and ERCOT. ERCOT is not subject to regulation by FERC but performs a similar function in Texas to that performed by RTOs and ISOs in markets regulated by FERC. In these areas, power and related products are traded through bilateral agreements between buyers and sellers and in the energy markets that are administered by the RTOs or ISOs, as applicable. In areas where there is no RTO or ISO to administer energy markets, electricity and related products are purchased and sold solely through bilateral agreements. For activity administered by an RTO or ISO, the RTO or ISO maintains financial assurance policies that are established and enforced by those administrators. The credit policies of the RTOs and ISOs may, under certain circumstances, require that losses arising from the default of one member be shared by the remaining participants. Non-performance or non-payment by a major member of an RTO or ISO could result in a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Exchange Traded Transactions

We enter into commodity transactions on NYMEX, ICE, NASDAQ, NGX, and the Nodal exchange (each an Exchange and, collectively, Exchanges). The Exchange clearinghouses act as the counterparty to each trade. Transactions on the Exchanges must adhere to comprehensive collateral and margining requirements. As a result, transactions on Exchanges are significantly collateralized and have limited counterparty credit risk.

Interest Rate and Foreign Exchange Risk

We use a combination of fixed-rate and variable-rate debt to manage interest rate exposure. We may also utilize interest rate swaps to manage our interest rate exposure. A hypothetical 50 basis point increase in the interest rates associated with unhedged variable-rate debt (excluding Commercial Paper) and fixed-to-floating swaps would not have resulted in a material decrease in our pre-tax income for the three months ended March 31, 2024. To manage foreign exchange rate exposure associated with international energy purchases in currencies other than U.S. dollars, we utilize foreign currency derivatives, which are typically designated as economic hedges. See Note 10 — Derivative Financial Instruments of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Equity Price Risk

We maintain trust funds, as required by the NRC, to fund the costs of decommissioning our nuclear plants. Our NDT funds are reflected at fair value in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The mix of securities in the trust funds is designed to provide returns to be used to fund decommissioning and to compensate us for inflationary increases in decommissioning costs; however, the equity securities in the trust funds are exposed to price fluctuations in equity markets, and the value of fixed-rate, fixed-income securities are exposed to changes in interest rates. We actively monitor the investment performance of the trust funds and periodically review asset allocations in accordance with our NDT fund investment policy.

A hypothetical 25 basis points increase in interest rates and 10% decrease in equity prices would have resulted in a $934 million reduction in the fair value of our NDT trust assets as of March 31, 2024. This calculation holds all other variables constant and assumes only the discussed changes in interest rates and equity prices. See Liquidity and Capital Resources section of ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS and Note 7 — Nuclear Decommissioning of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Our employee benefit plan trusts also hold investments in equity and debt securities. See ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS — Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates in our 2023 Form 10-K for further information.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

During the first quarter of 2024, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures related to the recording, processing, summarizing, and reporting of information in periodic reports that we file or submit with the SEC. These disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that (a) information relating to our consolidated subsidiaries, is accumulated and made known to our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, by other employees as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure, and (b) this information is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, as applicable, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Due to the inherent limitations of control systems, not all misstatements may be detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls could be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons or by collusion of two or more people.

Accordingly, as of March 31, 2024, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to accomplish their objectives.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We continually strive to improve our disclosure controls and procedures to enhance the quality of our financial reporting and to maintain dynamic systems that change as conditions warrant. During the first quarter of 2024, we implemented a new ERP system for a majority of our financial accounting systems, which is expected to improve the efficiency of certain financial and related transaction processes. As part of the implementation of the ERP, we modified certain existing internal controls and implemented certain new controls in order to align our financial accounting processes with the new ERP system. We do not believe that any of these modifications or new controls have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to affect, our internal control over financial reporting. There have been no other changes in internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the first quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, any of our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

(Dollars in millions except per share data, unless otherwise noted)

We are parties to various lawsuits and regulatory proceedings in the ordinary course of business. For information regarding material lawsuits and proceedings, see Note 13 — Commitments and Contingencies of the Combined Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in PART I, ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS of this report. Such descriptions are incorporated herein by these references.

At March 31, 2024, our risk factors were consistent with the risk factors described in our 2023 Form 10-K in ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (CEG Parent)

During 2023, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2 billion of the Company's outstanding common stock. On April 30, 2024, our Board of Directors approved a $1 billion increase to the program, authorizing up to $3 billion in total repurchases. As of the date of filing, there was approximately $1.5 billion of

remaining authority to repurchase shares of the Company's outstanding common stock. No other repurchase plans or programs have been authorized. See PART II - ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES - Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities of our 2023 Form 10-K for additional information on our share repurchase program. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, there was approximately $496 million and $1 billion of remaining authority to repurchase shares, respectively.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased from the open market 1.2 million shares of our common stock for a total cost, inclusive of taxes and transaction costs, of $150 million.

In March 2024 we entered into an ASR agreement with a financial institution to initiate share repurchases of our common stock for $354 million, inclusive of taxes and other transaction costs. Under the ASR agreement, we received an initial share delivery of approximately 1.7 million shares of our common stock, which resulted in an immediate reduction in the number of our shares outstanding. The remaining shares will be delivered upon completion of the transaction in May 2024 and will be based on the average of the daily-volume weighted average prices of our common stock during the term, less a discount.

The following table provides information regarding our share repurchases under the program during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

(a)We have not made any purchases of shares other than in connection with the publicly announced share repurchase program described above.

(b)Average price paid per share for open market transactions excludes taxes and commissions.

(c)Represents shares delivered under the ASR agreement. The total number of shares delivered and the average price per share under the ASR agreement will be determined at the end of the ASR period which is expected to occur in May 2024.

(d)Number of shares purchased includes 1.7 million shares received from the initial delivery under the ASR agreement. Average price paid per share information does not include this ASR transaction.

(e)Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the program includes taxes and commissions.

Not Applicable.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1 under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" (as defined in Item 408 under Regulation S-K of the Exchange Act).

Certain of the following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference under Rule 12b-32 of the Exchange Act. Certain other instruments which would otherwise be required to be listed below have not been so listed because such instruments do not authorize securities in an amount which exceeds 10% of the total assets of the applicable Registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis and the relevant Registrant agrees to furnish a copy of any such instrument to the SEC upon request.

• Filed herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONSTELLATION ENERGY CORPORATION

May 9, 2024

Pursuant to requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CONSTELLATION ENERGY GENERATION, LLC

May 9, 2024