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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

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The selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere herein.

Highlights
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)20182017201620152014
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total revenues (1)(2)$48,650$41,806$39,838$38,098$35,096
Shareholders' net income$2,637$2,237$1,867$2,094$2,102
Net income$2,646$2,232$1,843$2,077$2,094
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Shareholders' net income per share
Basic$10.69$8.92$7.31$8.17$7.97
Diluted$10.54$8.77$7.19$8.04$7.83
Common dividends declared per share$0.04$0.04$0.04$0.04$0.04
Cash and investments$32,829$31,591$30,000$26,681$25,762
Total assets$153,226$61,759$59,366$57,094$55,876
Long-term debt$39,523$5,199$4,756$5,020$4,979
Total liabilities$112,154$47,999$45,605$45,005$45,021
Shareholders' equity$41,028$13,711$13,699$12,011$10,750
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​

(1)

Effective January 1, 2018, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update 2014-09 and related amendments that provided updated guidance on revenue recognition. This new guidance was adopted retrospectively and, accordingly, prior year amounts have been adjusted. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

(2)

Effective December 31, 2018, as a result of the acquisition of Express Scripts (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements), the Company adopted Article 5 of Regulation S-X issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission. As a result, realized investment results are no longer included in revenues. Prior year revenues have been adjusted to conform to the new presentation.

​​​ CIGNA CORPORATION - 2018 Form 10-K 41

**PART II **ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Page
Executive Overview42
Liquidity and Capital Resources48
Critical Accounting Estimates52
Segment Reporting56
Integrated Medical56
Health Services58
International Markets59
Group Disability and Other60
Corporate61
Investment Assets61

Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") is intended to provide information to assist you in better understanding and evaluating our financial condition and results of operations. We encourage you to read this MD&A in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K ("Form 10-K") and the "Risk Factors" contained in Part I, Item 1A of this Form 10-K.

Unless otherwise indicated, financial information in the MD&A is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"). See Note 2 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the Company's significant accounting policies. In some of our financial tables in this MD&A, we present either percentage changes or "N/M" when those changes are so large as to become not meaningful. Changes in percentages are expressed in basis points ("bps").

In this MD&A, our consolidated measures "adjusted income from operations," earnings per share on that same basis, and "adjusted revenues" are not determined in accordance with GAAP and should not be viewed as substitutes for the most directly comparable GAAP measures "shareholders' net income," "earnings per share" and "total revenues." As discussed in Note 21, we also use pre-tax adjusted income from operations and adjusted revenues to measure the results of our segments.

We use adjusted income from operations as our principal financial measure of operating performance because management believes it best reflects the underlying results of our business operations and permits analysis of trends in underlying revenue, expenses and profitability. We define adjusted income from operations as shareholders' net income (or income before taxes for the segment metric) excluding realized investment gains and losses, amortization of acquired intangible assets, results of Anthem, Inc. and Coventry Health Care Inc. ("Coventry") (collectively, the "transitioning clients") (see the "Key Transactions and Developments" section of the MD&A for further discussion of transitioning clients) and special items. Beginning in 2018, Cigna's share of certain realized investment results of its joint ventures reported using the equity method of accounting are also excluded. Income or expense amounts excluded from adjusted income from operations because they are not indicative of underlying performance or the responsibility of operating segment management include:

Realized investment gains (losses), including changes in market values of certain financial instruments between balance sheet dates, as well as gains and losses associated with invested asset sales.

Amortization of acquired intangible assets, because these relate to costs incurred for acquisitions.

Results of transitioning clients, because those results are not indicative of ongoing results.

Special items, if any, that management believes are not representative of the underlying results of operations due to the nature or size of these matters. See Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for descriptions of special items.

Adjusted revenues is defined as total revenues excluding the following adjustments: revenue contributions from transitioning clients, special items and, beginning in 2018, Cigna's share of certain realized investment results of its joint ventures reported using the equity method of accounting.

Executive Overview

Cigna Corporation, together with its subsidiaries (either individually or collectively referred to as "Cigna," the "Company," "we," "our" or "us") is a global health service organization dedicated to a mission of helping those we serve improve their health, well-being and peace of mind. Our evolved strategy in support of our mission is Go Deeper, Go Local, Go Beyond using a differentiated set of medical, pharmacy, dental, disability, life and accident insurance and related products and services offered by our subsidiaries. For further information on our business and strategy, see Item 1, "Business" in this Form 10-K.

As described more fully in Note 3 to our Consolidated Financial Statements, on March 8, 2018, we entered into a merger agreement with Express Scripts Holding Company ("Express Scripts"). Following entry into the merger agreement and throughout the pendency of the transaction, Cigna and Express Scripts designed integration plans to implement a new management and business reporting structure for the combined company upon closing. On December 20, 2018, we completed the acquisition of Express Scripts and, our segments have changed effective in the fourth quarter of 2018. See Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our segments. Prior year financial information has been restated to reflect this new segment presentation. Additionally, as described further in Note 2 to the

​ 42 CIGNA CORPORATION - 2018 Form 10-K​​

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**PART II **ITEM 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Consolidated Financial Statements, we adopted Article 5 of Regulation S-X issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission effective December 31, 2018. Results of 2018 include 11 days of Express Scripts activity beginning December 21.

Financial Summary

Summarized below are certain key measures of our performance for the years ended December 31:

For the Years Ended December 31,Increase (Decrease)Increase (Decrease)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)2018201720162018 vs. 20172017 vs. 2016
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Revenues​​​​​
Adjusted revenues by segment
Integrated Medical$32,791$29,035$27,395​13%​6%
Health Services6,6064,2414,066564
International Markets​5,366​4,901​4,537​9​8
Group Disability and Other5,0615,0755,108–(1)
Corporate, including eliminations​(1,713)​(1,446)​(1,268)​(18)​(14)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Adjusted revenues48,11141,80639,838155
Revenue contributions from transitioning clients​459​–​–​N/M​N/M
Net realized investment (losses) from equity method subsidiaries(43)––N/MN/M
Special items reported in transaction-related costs (1)​123​–​–​N/M​N/M
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Total revenues$48,650$41,806$39,83816%5%
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Shareholders' net income$2,637$2,237$1,867​18%​20%
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Adjusted income from operations$3,557$2,668$2,10433%27%
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Earnings per share (diluted)​​​​​
Shareholders' net income$10.54$8.77$7.1920%22%
Adjusted income from operations$14.22$10.46$8.10​36%​29%
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Pre-tax adjusted income from operations by segment
Integrated Medical$3,502$2,922$2,592​20%​13%
Health Services380288268327
International Markets​735​654​538​12​22
Group Disability and Other529517275288
Corporate​(403)​(375)​(362)​(7)​(4)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Consolidated pre-tax adjusted income from operations4,7434,0063,3111821
Adjustment for transitioning clients​62​–​–​N/M​N/M
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests14(2)(20)80090
Realized investment (losses) gains​(124)​237​169​(152)​40
Amortization of acquired intangible assets(235)(115)(151)(104)24
Special items​(879)​(520)​(330)​(69)​(58)
​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​
Income before income taxes$3,581$3,606$2,979(1)%21%
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(1)

For additional information related to net investment income included in transaction-related costs, please refer to Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-K.

​​​ CIGNA CORPORATION - 2018 Form 10-K 43

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**PART II

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