Cincinnati Financial 10-Q 2024-09-30

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)

☑ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2024.

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the transition period from _____________________ to _____________________.

Commission file number 0-4604

CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Ohio																		31-0746871
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)																		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
			6200 S. Gilmore Road,						Fairfield,			Ohio						45014-5141
(Address of principal executive offices)																		(Zip code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (513) 870-2000

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class						Trading Symbol(s)						Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock						CINF						Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

☑Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

☑Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definition of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company" and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☑ Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☐ Nonaccelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company

☐ Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act):

☐Yes ☑ No

As of October 18, 2024, there were 156,315,102 shares of common stock outstanding.

CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED September 30, 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Part I – Financial Information			3
Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)			3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets			3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income			4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity			6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)			8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			33
Safe Harbor Statement			33
Corporate Financial Highlights			36
Financial Results			44
Liquidity and Capital Resources			60
Other Matters			64
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			64
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			71
Part II – Other Information			72
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			72
Item 1A. Risk Factors			72
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			73
Item 5. Other Information			74
Item 6. Exhibits			75

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Part I – Financial Information

Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)						September 30,						December 31,
						2024						2023
Assets
Investments
Fixed maturities, at fair value (amortized cost: 2024—$16,074; 2023—$14,361)						$	15,871					$	13,791
Equity securities, at fair value (cost: 2024—$4,034; 2023—$4,282)						11,570						10,989
Other invested assets						663						577
Total investments						28,104						25,357
Cash and cash equivalents						1,752						907
Investment income receivable						199						192
Finance receivable						116						108
Premiums receivable						3,012						2,592
Reinsurance recoverable						548						651
Prepaid reinsurance premiums						94						55
Deferred policy acquisition costs						1,241						1,093
Land, building and equipment, net, for company use (accumulated depreciation: 2024—$342; 2023—$337)						215						208
Other assets						785						681
Separate accounts						943						925
Total assets						$	37,009					$	32,769
Liabilities
Insurance reserves
Loss and loss expense reserves						$	9,928					$	9,050
Life policy and investment contract reserves						3,069						3,068
Unearned premiums						4,874						4,119
Other liabilities						1,917						1,311
Deferred income tax						1,600						1,324
Note payable						25						25
Long-term debt and lease obligations						849						849
Separate accounts						943						925
Total liabilities						23,205						20,671
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 12)
Shareholders' Equity
Common stock, par value—$2 per share; (authorized: 2024 and 2023—500 million shares; issued: 2024 and 2023—198.3 million shares)						397						397
Paid-in capital						1,482						1,437
Retained earnings						14,591						13,084
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						(150)						(435)
Treasury stock at cost (2024—42.0 million shares and 2023—41.3 million shares)						(2,516)						(2,385)
Total shareholders' equity						13,804						12,098
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity						$	37,009					$	32,769

Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(Dollars in millions, except per share data)			Three months ended September 30,												Nine months ended September 30,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Revenues
Earned premiums			$	2,297					$	2,033					$	6,524					$	5,894
Investment income, net of expenses			258						225						745						655
Investment gains and losses, net			758						(456)						1,507						84
Fee revenues			4						6						13						16
Other revenues			3						3						10						8
Total revenues			3,320						1,811						8,799						6,657
Benefits and Expenses
Insurance losses and contract holders' benefits			1,578						1,332						4,407						4,070
Underwriting, acquisition and insurance expenses			683						609						1,954						1,744
Interest expense			13						13						40						40
Other operating expenses			6						5						19						17
Total benefits and expenses			2,280						1,959						6,420						5,871
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes			1,040						(148)						2,379						786
Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes
Current			171						57						293						124
Deferred			49						(106)						199						2
Total provision (benefit) for income taxes			220						(49)						492						126
Net Income (Loss)			$	820					$	(99)					$	1,887					$	660
Per Common Share
Net income (loss) — basic			$	5.25					$	(0.63)					$	12.06					$	4.20
Net income (loss) — diluted			5.20						(0.63)						11.97						4.17

Accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Cincinnati Financial Corporation and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

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Results of Operations

The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the condensed consolidated results of operations and financial position of Cincinnati Financial Corporation. It should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Unless otherwise noted, the industry data is prepared by A.M. Best Co., a leading insurance industry statistical, analytical and financial strength rating organization. Information from A.M. Best is presented on a statutory basis for insurance company regulation in the United States of America. When we provide our results on a comparable statutory basis, we label it as such; all other company data is presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP).

We present per share data on a diluted basis unless otherwise noted, adjusting those amounts for all stock splits and dividends. Dollar amounts are rounded to millions; calculations of percent changes are based on dollar amounts rounded to the nearest million. Certain percentage changes are identified as not meaningful (nm).

SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT

This is our “Safe Harbor” statement under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Our business is subject to certain risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those suggested by the forward-looking statements in this report. Some of those risks and uncertainties are discussed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Page 30.

Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to:

• Effects of any future pandemic, or the resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic, that could affect results for reasons such as:

• Securities market disruption or volatility and related effects such as decreased economic activity and continued supply chain disruptions that affect our investment portfolio and book value

• An unusually high level of claims in our insurance or reinsurance operations that increase litigation-related expenses

• An unusually high level of insurance losses, including risk of court decisions extending business interruption insurance in commercial property coverage forms to cover claims for pure economic loss related to such pandemic

• Decreased premium revenue and cash flow from disruption to our distribution channel of independent agents, consumer self-isolation, travel limitations, business restrictions and decreased economic activity

• Inability of our workforce, agencies or vendors to perform necessary business functions

• Unusually high levels of catastrophe losses due to risk concentrations, changes in weather patterns (whether as a result of global climate change or otherwise), environmental events, war or political unrest, terrorism incidents, cyberattacks, civil unrest or other causes

• Increased frequency and/or severity of claims or development of claims that are unforeseen at the time of policy issuance, due to inflationary trends or other causes

• Inadequate estimates or assumptions, or reliance on third-party data used for critical accounting estimates

• Declines in overall stock market values negatively affecting our equity portfolio and book value

• Interest rate fluctuations or other factors that could significantly affect:

• Our ability to generate growth in investment income

• Values of our fixed-maturity investments, including accounts in which we hold bank-owned life insurance contract assets

• Our traditional life policy reserves

• Domestic and global events, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, war in the Middle East and disruptions in the banking and financial services industry, resulting in insurance losses, capital market or credit market uncertainty, followed by prolonged periods of economic instability or recession, that lead to:

• Significant or prolonged decline in the fair value of a particular security or group of securities and impairment of the asset(s)

• Significant decline in investment income due to reduced or eliminated dividend payouts from a particular security or group of securities

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• Significant rise in losses from surety or director and officer policies written for financial institutions or other insured entities or in losses from policies written by Cincinnati Re or Cincinnati Global

• Our inability to manage Cincinnati Global or other subsidiaries to produce related business opportunities and growth prospects for our ongoing operations

• Recession, prolonged elevated inflation or other economic conditions resulting in lower demand for insurance products or increased payment delinquencies

• Ineffective information technology systems or discontinuing to develop and implement improvements in technology may impact our success and profitability

• Difficulties with technology or data security breaches, including cyberattacks, that could negatively affect our or our agents’ ability to conduct business; disrupt our relationships with agents, policyholders and others; cause reputational damage, mitigation expenses and data loss and expose us to liability under federal and state laws

• Difficulties with our operations and technology that may negatively impact our ability to conduct business, including cloud-based data information storage, data security, cyberattacks, remote working capabilities, and/or outsourcing relationships and third-party operations and data security

• Disruption of the insurance market caused by technology innovations such as driverless cars that could decrease consumer demand for insurance products

• Delays, inadequate data developed internally or from third parties, or performance inadequacies from ongoing development and implementation of underwriting and pricing methods, including telematics and other usage-based insurance methods, or technology projects and enhancements expected to increase our pricing accuracy, underwriting profit and competitiveness

• Intense competition, and the impact of innovation, technological change and changing customer preferences on the insurance industry and the markets in which we operate, could harm our ability to maintain or increase our business volumes and profitability

• Changing consumer insurance-buying habits and consolidation of independent insurance agencies could alter our competitive advantages

• Inability to obtain adequate ceded reinsurance on acceptable terms, amount of reinsurance coverage purchased, financial strength of reinsurers and the potential for nonpayment or delay in payment by reinsurers

• Inability to defer policy acquisition costs for any business segment if pricing and loss trends would lead management to conclude that segment could not achieve sustainable profitability

• Inability of our subsidiaries to pay dividends consistent with current or past levels

• Events or conditions that could weaken or harm our relationships with our independent agencies and hamper opportunities to add new agencies, resulting in limitations on our opportunities for growth, such as:

• Downgrades of our financial strength ratings

• Concerns that doing business with us is too difficult

• Perceptions that our level of service, particularly claims service, is no longer a distinguishing characteristic in the marketplace

• Inability or unwillingness to nimbly develop and introduce coverage product updates and innovations that our competitors offer and consumers expect to find in the marketplace

• Actions of insurance departments, state attorneys general or other regulatory agencies, including a change to a federal system of regulation from a state-based system, that:

• Impose new obligations on us that increase our expenses or change the assumptions underlying our critical accounting estimates

• Place the insurance industry under greater regulatory sc

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Our greatest exposure to market risk is through our investment portfolio. Market risk is the potential for a decrease in securities' fair value resulting from broad yet uncontrollable forces such as: inflation, economic growth or recession, interest rates, world political conditions or other widespread unpredictable events. It is comprised of many individual risks that, when combined, create a macroeconomic impact.

Our view of potential risks and our sensitivity to such risks is discussed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, Page 113.

The fair value of our investment portfolio was $27.441 billion at September 30, 2024, up $2.661 billion from year-end 2023, including a $2.080 billion increase in the fixed-maturity portfolio and a $581 million increase in the equity portfolio.

(Dollars in millions)			At September 30, 2024																		At December 31, 2023
			Cost or amortized cost			Percent of total						Fair value			Percent of total						Cost or amortized cost			Percent of total						Fair value			Percent of total
Taxable fixed maturities			$	12,038		59.9		%				$	11,882		43.4		%				$	10,414		55.8		%				$	9,889		40.0		%
Tax-exempt fixed maturities			4,036			20.1						3,989			14.5						3,947			21.2						3,902			15.7
Common equities			3,626			18.0						11,200			40.8						3,869			20.8						10,641			42.9
Nonredeemable preferred equities			408			2.0						370			1.3						413			2.2						348			1.4
Total			$	20,108		100.0		%				$	27,441		100.0		%				$	18,643		100.0		%				$	24,780		100.0		%

At September 30, 2024, substantially all of our consolidated investment portfolio, measured at fair value, is classified as Level 1 or Level 2. See Item 1, Note 3, Fair Value Measurements, for additional discussion of our valuation techniques.

In addition to our investment portfolio, the total investments amount reported in our condensed consolidated balance sheets includes Other invested assets. Other invested assets included $528 million of private equity investments, $84 million of real estate through direct property ownership and development projects in the United States, $35 million of life policy loans and $16 million in Lloyd's deposit at September 30, 2024.

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FIXED-MATURITY SECURITIES INVESTMENTS

By maintaining a well-diversified fixed-maturity portfolio, we attempt to reduce overall risk. We invest new money in the bond market on a regular basis, targeting what we believe to be optimal risk-adjusted, after-tax yields. Risk, in this context, includes interest rate, call, reinvestment rate, credit and liquidity risk. We do not make a concerted effort to alter duration on a portfolio basis in response to anticipated movements in interest rates. By regularly investing in the bond market, we build a broad, diversified portfolio that we believe mitigates the impact of adverse economic factors.

In the first nine months of 2024, the increase in fair value of our fixed-maturity portfolio was due to net purchases of securities, plus a decrease in our net unrealized loss position that reflected realized losses from the sales of some lower-yielding bonds, as well as a decrease in U.S. Treasury yields in addition to tightening of corporate credit spreads. At September 30, 2024, our fixed-maturity portfolio with an average rating of A2/A was valued at 98.7% of its amortized cost, compared with 96.0% at December 31, 2023.

At September 30, 2024, our investment-grade fixed-maturity securities represented 97.4% of the portfolio based on ratings provided by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or the Securities Valuation Office of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners.

Attributes of the fixed-maturity portfolio include:

						At September 30, 2024									At December 31, 2023
Weighted average yield-to-amortized cost						4.98			%						4.60			%
Weighted average maturity						9.5			yrs						7.9			yrs
Effective duration						4.6			yrs						4.3			yrs

We discuss maturities of our fixed-maturity portfolio in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 8, Note 2, Investments, Page 137, and in this quarterly report Item 2, Investments Results.

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TAXABLE FIXED MATURITIES

Our taxable fixed-maturity portfolio, with a fair value of $11.882 billion at September 30, 2024, included:

(Dollars in millions)						At September 30, 2024						At December 31, 2023
Investment-grade corporate						$	8,010					$	7,040
States, municipalities and political subdivisions						820						801
Noninvestment-grade corporate						329						412
Government-sponsored enterprises						2,151						1,224
Asset-backed						314						187
United States government						227						200
Foreign government						31						25
Total						$	11,882					$	9,889

Our strategy is to buy, and typically hold, fixed-maturity investments to maturity, but we monitor credit profiles and fair value movements when determining holding periods for individual securities. With the exception of United States agency issues that include government-sponsored enterprises, no individual issuer's securities accounted for more than 0.9% of the taxable fixed-maturity portfolio at September 30, 2024. Our investment-grade corporate bonds had an average rating of Baa1 by Moody's or BBB+ by S&P Global Ratings and represented 67.4% of the taxable fixed-maturity portfolio's fair value at September 30, 2024, compared with 71.2% at year-end 2023.

The heaviest concentration in our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio, based on fair value at

September 30, 2024, was the financial sector. It represented 35.6% of our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio, compared with 38.2% at year-end 2023. The utility and energy sectors represented 12.5% and 10.6%, compared with less than 10% and 11.2%, respectively, at year-end 2023. No other sector exceeded 10% of our investment-grade corporate bond portfolio.

As discussed in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A, Risk Factors, Page 30, investments in the financial sector include various risks. See risk factors entitled “Financial disruption or a prolonged economic downturn could materially and adversely affect our investment performance” and “Our ability to achieve our performance objectives could be affected by changes in the financial, credit and capital markets or the general economy.”

Our taxable fixed-maturity portfolio at September 30, 2024, included $314 million of asset-backed securities with an average rating of Aa2/AA-.

TAX-EXEMPT FIXED MATURITIES

At September 30, 2024, we had $3.989 billion of tax-exempt fixed-maturity securities with an average rating of Aa2/AA by Moody's and S&P Global Ratings. We traditionally have purchased municipal bonds focusing on general obligation and essential services issues, such as water, waste disposal or others. The portfolio is well diversified among approximately 1,800 municipal bond issuers. No single municipal issuer accounted for more than 0.6% of the tax-exempt fixed-maturity portfolio at September 30, 2024.

INTEREST RATE SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

Because of our strong surplus, long-term investment horizon and ability to hold most fixed-maturity investments until maturity, we believe the company is adequately positioned if interest rates were to rise. Although the fair values of our existing holdings may suffer, a higher rate environment would provide the opportunity to invest cash flow in higher-yielding securities, while reducing the likelihood of untimely redemptions of currently callable securities. While higher interest rates would be expected to continue to increase the number of fixed-maturity holdings trading below 100% of amortized cost, we believe lower fixed-maturity security values due solely to interest rate changes would not signal a decline in credit quality. We continue to manage the portfolio with an eye toward both meeting current income needs and managing interest rate risk.

Our dynamic financial planning model uses analytical tools to assess market risks. As part of this model, the effective duration of the fixed-maturity portfolio is continually monitored by our investment department to evaluate the theoretical impact of interest rate movements.

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The table below summarizes the effect of hypothetical changes in interest rates on the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio:

(Dollars in millions)						Effect from interest rate change in basis points
						-200						-100						—						100						200
At September 30, 2024						$	17,326					$	16,590					$	15,871					$	15,107					$	14,301
At December 31, 2023						$	14,962					$	14,375					$	13,791					$	13,179					$	12,543

The effective duration of the fixed-maturity portfolio as of September 30, 2024, was 4.6 years, up from 4.3 years at the end of 2023. The above table is a theoretical presentation showing that an instantaneous, parallel shift in the yield curve of 100 basis points could produce an approximately 4.7% change in the fair value of the fixed-maturity portfolio. Generally speaking, the higher a bond is rated, the more directly correlated movements in its fair value are to changes in the general level of interest rates, exclusive of call features. The fair values of average- to lower-rated corporate bonds are additionally influenced by the expansion or contraction of credit spreads.

In our dynamic financial planning model, the selected interest rate change of 100 to 200 basis points represents our view of a shift in rates that is quite possible over a one-year period. The rates modeled should not be considered a prediction of future events as interest rates may be much more volatile in the future. The analysis is not intended to provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in rates on our results or financial condition, nor does it take into account any actions that we might take to reduce exposure to such risks.

EQUITY INVESTMENTS

Our equity investments, with a fair value totaling $11.570 billion at September 30, 2024, included $11.200 billion of common stock securities of companies generally with strong indications of paying and growing their dividends. Other criteria we evaluate include increasing sales and earnings, proven management and a favorable outlook. We believe our equity investment style is an appropriate long-term strategy. While our long-term financial position would be affected by prolonged changes in the market valuation of our investments, we believe our strong surplus position and cash flow provide a cushion against short-term fluctuations in valuation. Continued payment of cash dividends by the issuers of our common equity holdings can provide a floor to their valuation.

The table below summarizes the effect of hypothetical changes in market prices on fair value of our equity portfolio.

(Dollars in millions)			Effect from market price change in percent
						-30%						-20%						-10%						—						10%						20%						30%
At September 30, 2024						$	8,099					$	9,256					$	10,413					$	11,570					$	12,727					$	13,884					$	15,041
At December 31, 2023						$	7,692					$	8,791					$	9,890					$	10,989					$	12,088					$	13,187					$	14,286

At September 30, 2024, Apple Inc.(Nasdaq:AAPL) was our largest single common stock holding with a fair value of $885 million, or 7.9% of our publicly traded common stock portfolio and 3.2% of the total investment portfolio. Forty holdings among nine different sectors each had a fair value greater than $100 million.

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Common Stock Portfolio Industry Sector Distribution

			Percent of common stock portfolio
			At September 30, 2024												At December 31, 2023
			Cincinnati Financial						S&P 500 Industry Weightings						Cincinnati Financial						S&P 500 Industry Weightings
Sector:
Information technology			32.3		%				31.7		%				33.1		%				28.9		%
Industrials			13.5						8.5						11.9						8.8
Healthcare			11.8						11.6						11.6						12.6
Financial			11.4						12.9						13.9						13.0
Consumer discretionary			7.7						10.1						7.0						10.8
Consumer staples			7.3						5.9						7.0						6.2
Materials			4.8						2.2						4.7						2.4
Energy			4.2						3.3						4.1						3.9
Utilities			3.2						2.5						2.7						2.3
Real estate			2.4						2.4						2.6						2.5
Telecomm services			1.4						8.9						1.4						8.6
Total			100.0		%				100.0		%				100.0		%				100.0		%

UNREALIZED INVESTMENT GAINS AND LOSSES

At September 30, 2024, unrealized investment gains before taxes for the fixed-maturity portfolio totaled $201 million and unrealized investment losses amounted to $404 million before taxes.

The $203 million net unrealized loss position in our fixed-maturity portfolio at September 30, 2024, decreased in the first nine months of 2024, primarily due to the sale of low-yielding bonds sold at a loss and a decrease in U.S. Treasury yields in addition to tightening of corporate credit spreads. The net loss position for our current fixed-maturity holdings will naturally decline over time as individual securities approach maturity. In addition, changes in interest rates can cause rapid, significant changes in fair values of fixed-maturity securities and the net loss position, as discussed in Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

For federal income tax purposes, taxes on gains from appreciated investments generally are not due until securities are sold. We believe that the appreciated value of equity securities, compared with the cost of securities that is generally used as a tax basis, is a useful measure to help evaluate how fair value can change over time. On this basis, the net unrealized investment gains at September 30, 2024, consisted of a net gain position in our equity portfolio of $7.536 billion. Events or factors such as economic growth or recession can affect the fair value and unrealized investment gains of our equity securities. The five largest holdings in our common stock portfolio were Apple, Microsoft (Nasdaq:MSFT), Broadcom Inc. (Nasdaq:AVGO), UnitedHealth Group Inc (NYSE:UNH) and Abbvie Inc. (NYSE:ABBV), which had a combined fair value of $3.046 billion.

Unrealized Investment Losses

We expect the number of fixed-maturity securities trading below amortized cost to fluctuate as interest rates rise or fall and credit spreads expand or contract due to prevailing economic conditions. Further, amortized costs for some securities are revised through write-downs recognized in prior periods. At September 30, 2024, 2,495 of the 4,988 fixed-maturity securities we owned had fair values below amortized cost, compared with 2,840 of the 4,738 securities we owned at year-end 2023. The 2,495 holdings with fair values below amortized cost at September 30, 2024, represented 48.7% of the fair value of our fixed-maturity investment portfolio and $404 million in unrealized losses.

• 1,854 of the 2,495 holdings had fair value between 90% and 100% of amortized cost at September 30, 2024. These primarily consist of securities whose current valuation is largely the result of interest rate factors. The fair value of these 1,854 securities was $6.496 billion, and they accounted for $151 million in unrealized losses.

• 636 of the 2,495 fixed-maturity holdings had fair value between 70% and 90% of amortized cost at September 30, 2024. We believe the 636 fixed-maturity securities will continue to pay interest and ultimately

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pay principal upon maturity. The issuers of these 636 securities have strong cash flow to service their debt and meet their contractual obligation to make principal payments. The fair value of these securities was $1.217 billion, and they accounted for $247 million in unrealized losses.

• Five of the 2,495 fixed-maturity holdings had fair value below 70% of amortized cost at September 30, 2024. We believe these fixed-maturity securities will continue to pay interest and ultimately pay principal upon maturity. The fair value of these securities was $11 million, and they accounted for $6 million in unrealized losses.

The table below reviews fair values and unrealized losses by investment category and by the overall duration of the securities' continuous unrealized loss position.

(Dollars in millions)						Less than 12 months												12 months or more												Total
At September 30, 2024						Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses						Fair value						Unrealized losses
Fixed-maturity securities:
Corporate						$	402					$	5					$	3,937					$	213					$	4,339					$	218
States, municipalities and political subdivisions						287						4						2,000						172						2,287						176
Government-sponsored enterprises						715						1						128						—						843						1
Asset-backed						48						—						99						7						147						7
United States government						—						—						103						2						103						2
Foreign government						—						—						5						—						5						—
Total						$	1,452					$	10					$	6,272					$	394					$	7,724					$	404
At December 31, 2023
Fixed-maturity securities:
Corporate						$	379					$	13					$	5,560					$	441					$	5,939					$	454
States, municipalities and political subdivisions						313						2						1,932						206						2,245						208
Government-sponsored enterprises						652						3						113						3						765						6
Asset-backed						5						—						172						16						177						16
United States government						32						—						129						3						161						3
Foreign government						3						—						6						—						9						—
Total						$	1,384					$	18					$	7,912					$	669					$	9,296					$	687

At September 30, 2024, applying our invested asset impairment policy, we determined that the total of $404 million, for securities in an unrealized loss position in the table above, was not the result of a credit loss.

During the first nine months of 2024, no fixed maturity securities were written down to fair value, due to an intention to be sold. The allowance for credit losses increased $25 million during the first nine months of 2024. During the first nine months of 2023, one fixed-maturity security was written down to fair value, due to an intention to be sold, resulting in $4 million of noncash charges. Changes in allowance for credit losses were $3 million during the first nine months of 2023.

During the full year of 2023, we wrote down one security and recorded $4 million in impairment charges. At December 31, 2023, 2,840 fixed-maturity securities with a total unrealized loss of $687 million were in an unrealized loss position. Of that total, 20 fixed-maturity securities had fair values below 70% of amortized cost.

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The following table summarizes the investment portfolio by severity of decline:

(Dollars in millions)						Number of issues						Amortized cost						Fair value						Gross unrealized gain (loss)						Gross investment income
At September 30, 2024
Taxable fixed maturities:
Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost						3						$	9					$	6					$	(3)					$	—
Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost						1,476						6,421						6,103						(318)						198
Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost						1,055						5,608						5,773						165						186
Investment income on securities sold in current year						—						—						—						—						45
Total						2,534						12,038						11,882						(156)						429
Tax-exempt fixed maturities:
Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost						2						8						5						(3)						—
Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost						1,014						1,690						1,610						(80)						37
Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost						1,438						2,338						2,374						36						60
Investment income on securities sold in current year						—						—						—						—						3
Total						2,454						4,036						3,989						(47)						100
Fixed-maturities summary:
Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost						5						17						11						(6)						—
Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost						2,490						8,111						7,713						(398)						235
Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost						2,493						7,946						8,147						201						246
Investment income on securities sold in current year						—						—						—						—						48
Total						4,988						$	16,074					$	15,871					$	(203)					$	529
At December 31, 2023
Fixed-maturities summary:
Fair valued below 70% of amortized cost						20						$	67					$	44					$	(23)					$	3
Fair valued at 70% to less than 100% of amortized cost						2,820						9,916						9,252						(664)						409
Fair valued at 100% and above of amortized cost						1,898						4,378						4,495						117						162
Investment income on securities sold in current year						—						—						—						—						26
Total						4,738						$	14,361					$	13,791					$	(570)					$	600

See our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 7, Critical Accounting Estimates, Asset Impairment, Page 58.

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures – The company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act)).

Any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. The company's management, with the participation of the company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the company's disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2024. Based upon that evaluation, the company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that the design and operation of the company's disclosure controls and procedures provided reasonable assurance that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure:

• that information required to be disclosed in the company's reports under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms, and

• that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting – During the three months ended September 30, 2024, there were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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Part II – Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Neither the company nor any of our subsidiaries are involved in any litigation believed to be material other than ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the nature of our business.

Our risk factors have not changed materially since they were described in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 26, 2024. Investors should not interpret the disclosure of a risk to imply that the risk has not already materialized.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

We did not sell any of our shares that were not registered under the Securities Act during the first nine months of 2024. Our repurchase program does not have an expiration date. On January 26, 2018, an additional 15 million shares were authorized, which expanded our current repurchase program. We have 5,651,785 shares available for purchase under our programs at September 30, 2024.

Period						Total number of shares purchased						Average price paid per share						Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs						Maximum number of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
July 1-31, 2024						—						$	—					—						5,651,785
August 1-31, 2024						—						—						—						5,651,785
September 1-30, 2024						—						—						—						5,651,785
Totals						—						—						—

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Neither the company nor any of our officers or directors adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement as defined by Item 408(a) and Item 408(d) of Regulation S-K during the last fiscal quarter.

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Exhibit No.						Exhibit Description
3.1						Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of Cincinnati Financial Corporation (incorporated by reference to the company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2017, Exhibit 3.1)
3.2						Amended and Restated Code of Regulations of Cincinnati Financial Corporation, as of May 6, 2023 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with the company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated May 9, 2023)
31A						Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 – Chief Executive Officer
31B						Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 – Chief Financial Officer
32						Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS						The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION
Date: October 24, 2024
/S/ Michael J. Sewell
Michael J. Sewell, CPA
Chief Financial Officer, Executive Vice President and Treasurer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

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