Cover and table of contents

27K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown

Cover and table of contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549


FORM 10-K


☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File No. 001-13300


CAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware54-1719854
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1680 Capital One Drive,
McLean,Virginia22102
(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (703) 720-1000____________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each ClassTrading Symbol(s)Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock (par value $.01 per share)COFNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series ICOF PRINew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series JCOF PRJNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series KCOF PRKNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series LCOF PRLNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, Each Representing a 1/40th Interest in a Share of Fixed Rate Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series NCOF PRNNew York Stock Exchange
1.650% Senior Notes Due 2029COF29New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to section 12(g) of the Act: None


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒ Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C.7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of the close of business on June 30, 2024 was approximately $52.3 billion. As of January 31, 2025, there were 381,327,698 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

**1.**Portions of the Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 08, 2025, are incorporated by reference into Part III.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
PART I4
Item 1.Business4
Overview4
Operations and Business Segments6
Competition7
Supervision and Regulation7
Human Capital Resources18
Technology and Intellectual Property18
Forward-Looking Statements20
Item 1A.Risk Factors22
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments46
Item 1C.Cybersecurity46
Item 2.Properties48
Item 3.Legal Proceedings48
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures48
PART II49
Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities49
Item 6.[Reserved]52
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)52
Selected Financial Data53
Executive Summary56
Consolidated Results of Operations57
Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis63
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements67
Business Segment Financial Performance68
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates78
Accounting Changes and Developments82
Capital Management83
Risk Management88
Credit Risk Profile94
Liquidity Risk Profile108
Market Risk Profile113
Supplemental Tables117
Glossary and Acronyms119
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk129
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data130
Consolidated Statements of Income135
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income136
Consolidated Balance Sheets137
1Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity138
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows139
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements141
Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies141
Note 2—Business Combinations156
Note 3—Investment Securities157
Note 4—Loans160
Note 5—Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments174
Note 6—Variable Interest Entities and Securitizations178
Note 7—Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets182
Note 8—Premises, Equipment and Leases185
Note 9—Deposits and Borrowings187
Note 10—Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities189
Note 11—Stockholders’ Equity198
Note 12—Regulatory and Capital Adequacy201
Note 13—Earnings Per Common Share203
Note 14—Stock-Based Compensation Plans204
Note 15—Employee Benefit Plans206
Note 16—Income Taxes208
Note 17—Fair Value Measurement211
Note 18—Business Segments and Revenue from Contracts with Customers220
Note 19—Commitments, Contingencies, Guarantees and Others225
Note 20—Capital One Financial Corporation (Parent Company Only)229
Note 21—Related Party Transactions231
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure232
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures232
Item 9B.Other Information232
Item 9C.Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections232
PART III233
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance233
Item 11.Executive Compensation233
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters233
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence233
Item 14.Principal Accountant Fees and Services233
PART IV234
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules234
Item 16.Form 10-K Summary234
EXHIBIT INDEX235
SIGNATURES239
2Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

INDEX OF MD&A AND SUPPLEMENTAL TABLES

MD&A Tables:Page
1Average Balances, Net Interest Income and Net Interest Margin58
2Rate/Volume Analysis of Net Interest Income59
3Non-Interest Income60
4Non-Interest Expense62
5Loans Held for Investment64
6Funding Sources Composition64
7Business Segment Results69
8Credit Card Business Results70
8.1Domestic Card Business Results72
9Consumer Banking Business Results73
10Commercial Banking Business Results75
11Other Category Results76
12Capital Ratios Under Basel III85
13Regulatory Risk-Based Capital Components and Regulatory Capital Metrics86
14Preferred Stock Dividends Paid Per Share87
15Loan Maturity Schedule95
16Credit Card Portfolio by Geographic Region96
17Consumer Banking Portfolio by Geographic Region97
18Commercial Real Estate Portfolio by Region98
19Commercial Loans by Industry99
20Credit Score Distribution100
2130+ Day Delinquencies101
22Aging and Geography of 30+ Day Delinquent Loans102
2390+ Day Delinquent Loans Accruing Interest103
24Nonperforming Loans and Other Nonperforming Assets104
25Net Charge-Offs105
26Allowance for Credit Losses and Reserve for Unfunded Lending Commitments Activity107
27Liquidity Reserves108
28Deposits Composition and Average Deposits Interest Rates110
29Amount of Uninsured Time Deposits by Contractual Maturity111
30Long-Term Debt Funding Activities111
31Senior Unsecured Long-Term Debt Credit Ratings112
32Interest Rate Sensitivity Analysis115
Supplemental Tables:
ANet Charge-Offs117
BReconciliation of Non-GAAP Measures117
3Capital One Financial Corporation (COF)

PART I

Next: Item 1. Business