Cover and table of contents

United States

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

☒ Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2025

☐ Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-39375

COHERENT CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 724-352-4455

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements.

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Aggregate market value of outstanding common stock, no par value, held by non-affiliates of the Registrant at December 31, 2024, was approximately $14,625,992,855 based on the closing sale price reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. For purposes of this calculation only, directors and executive officers of the Registrant and their spouses are deemed to be affiliates of the Registrant.

Number of outstanding shares of common stock, no par value, at August 11, 2025, was 155,805,474.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement, which will be issued in connection with the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Coherent Corp., are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (including certain information incorporated herein by reference) contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “PSLRA”). The statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding our expectations, assumptions, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, these forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as, “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “intends,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “projects,” “potential,” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. Forward-looking statements address, among other things, our assumptions, our expectations, our assessments of the size and growth rates of our markets, our growth strategies, our efforts to increase bookings, sales and revenues, projections of our future profitability, cash generation, success of our research, development and engineering investments, results of operations, capital expenditures, our financial condition, our ability to integrate acquired businesses or other “forward-looking” information and include statements about revenues, costs, investments, earnings, margins, or our projections, actions, plans or strategies.

The forward-looking statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K involve risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results, performance or trends to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements herein or in previous disclosures. We believe that all forward-looking statements made by us have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that these expectations, beliefs or projections will actually occur or prove to be correct, at least on the timetable of our expectations. Actual results could differ materially. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the PSLRA for our forward-looking statements.

The risk factors described in more detail herein under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and summarized below under “Risk Factor Summary,” among others, in some cases have affected and in the future could affect our financial performance and actual results, and could cause actual results for fiscal 2026 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or otherwise made by our management.

All such factors, as well as factors described or referred to in other filings we make with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) from time to time, should be considered in evaluating our business and prospects. Many of these factors are beyond our reasonable control. In addition, we operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment, and, therefore, new risk factors can arise and be present without market participants like us knowing until a substantial amount of time has passed. It is not possible for management to predict all such risk factors, assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or estimate the extent to which any individual risk factor, or combination of risk factors, may impact our business. It is also not possible for management to mitigate all such risks, and therefore any such risk factor may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K speak only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We do not assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or developments, or otherwise, except as may be required by the securities laws. We caution you not to rely on them unduly.

Coherent Corp. does communicate with securities analysts from time to time and those communications are conducted in accordance with applicable securities laws. Investors should not assume that Coherent Corp. agrees with any statement or report issued by any analyst, irrespective of the content of the statement or report.

Risk Factor Summary

The following is a summary of the material risks and uncertainties that could cause our business, financial condition or operating results to be adversely impacted. We encourage you to carefully review the full risk factors contained in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” herein in their entirety for additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties.

Risks Related to Our Business, Operations and Industry

• Our competitive position depends on our ability to develop new products and processes and may require significant investment.

• A significant portion of our business is subject to cyclical market factors and we may fail to accurately estimate the size and growth rate of our markets and our customers’ demands.

• We contract with a number of large end-user service providers and product companies that have considerable bargaining power, which may require us to agree to terms and conditions that could have an adverse effect on our

business or ability to recognize revenues. Any loss, cancellation, reduction, or delay in purchases by these large customers could harm the longevity of our business.

• Products that fail to meet specifications, are defective, or are otherwise incompatible with end uses could impose significant costs on us.

• We may encounter increased competition, and we may fail to accurately estimate our competitors’ or our customers’ willingness and capability to backward integrate into our competencies and thereby displace us.

• Global economic downturns may adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

• We depend on highly complex manufacturing processes that require strategic materials, components, and products from limited sources of supply.

• Significant political, trade, regulatory developments, and other circumstances beyond our control, including as a result of recently announced tariffs, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

• Our business is subject to various governmental regulations. Compliance with these regulations may cause us to incur significant expense and failure to maintain compliance with applicable regulations could adversely affect our business.

• Increases in commodity prices and diminished availability of rare earth minerals and noble gases may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

• Cybersecurity attacks and incidents and other vulnerabilities could subject us to costly damages, claims and expenses, harm to our reputation or competitive position, or disrupt our operations and business.

• We may be adversely impacted by any of the multiple uncertainties and outcomes associated with the use and evolution of Artificial Intelligence (“AI”).

• Natural disasters or other global or regional catastrophic events could disrupt our operations, give rise to substantial environmental hazards, and adversely affect our results.

• We may be unable to successfully implement our acquisitions strategy, integrate acquired companies and personnel with existing operations, or capitalize on any decision to strategically divest one or more current businesses.

• Our success requires us to attract, retain, and develop key personnel and maintain good relations with our employees.

• Actions that we are taking to restructure our business in alignment with our strategic priorities may not be as effective as anticipated.

• If our goodwill or intangible assets become impaired, we may be required to record a significant charge to earnings.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property and Litigation

• There are limitations on the protection of our intellectual property, and we may from time to time be involved in costly intellectual property litigation or indemnification.

• Legal, regulatory and administrative investigations, inquiries, proceedings, and claims could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Risks Related to Laws and Regulations

• Government actions and regulations, such as export restrictions, tariffs, and trade protection measures, may limit our ability to sell our products to certain customers or markets, or could otherwise restrict our ability to conduct operations.

• We are subject to complex and rapidly changing import and export regulations of the countries in which we operate and/or sell which could limit our sales and decrease our profitability, and we may be subject to legal and regulatory consequences if we do not comply with applicable export control laws and regulations.

• We are subject to a variety of complex and evolving laws, regulations, or industry standards, including with respect to environmental, health, safety, and product considerations, which may have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

• Our operations are subject to environmental, health and safety risks and requirements which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and reputation.

• Tax-related matters could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

Risks Related to Capitalization and Financial Markets

• Foreign currency risk may negatively affect our revenues, cost of sales, and operating margins, and could result in foreign exchange losses.

• We have a substantial amount of debt, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, or results of operations and prevent us from fulfilling our debt-related obligations.

• The agreements that govern our senior credit facilities and our 5.000% senior notes due 2029 contain various covenants that impose restrictions on our business, which may affect our ability to operate our businesses.

• Any inability to access financial markets from time to time to raise required capital, finance our working capital requirements or our acquisition strategies, or otherwise support our liquidity needs could negatively impact our ability to finance our operations, meet certain obligations, or implement our growth strategy.

• The trading price of our common stock has been, and may continue to be, volatile.

• Provisions in our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation and Amended and Restated Bylaws and the Pennsylvania Associations Code (the “Code”) may delay or prevent our acquisition by a third party, which could also reduce the market price of our capital stock.

• Our ability to declare and pay dividends on our capital stock may be limited, including by the terms of our existing Credit Agreement.

• Our common stock is subordinate to our existing and future indebtedness, the Series B Preferred Stock, and any other preferred stock we may issue in the future. Our Series B Preferred Stock ranks junior to all of our and our subsidiaries’ consolidated liabilities.

• Our Board of Directors can issue, without approval of the holders of our common stock, preferred stock with voting and conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power of the holders of our common stock, the rights of holders of shares of our capital stock, or the market price of our capital stock.

• The redemption rights of the holders of Series B Preferred Stock may result in the use of our cash in such a way that could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

• Holders of our Series B Preferred Stock can exercise significant control over us, which could limit the ability of holders of our other capital stock to influence the outcome of key transactions, including a change of control.

PART I