Cooper Companies 10-K 2019-10-31
Filed 2019-12-20. 21 sections, 417K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown · JSON
Cover and table of contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________
FORM 10-K
________________________
| ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED OCTOBER 31, 2019
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO
COMMISSION FILE NO. 001-08597
________________________
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________
| Delaware | 94-2657368 |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
6101 Bollinger Canyon Road**,** Suite 500
San Ramon**,** California**,** 94583
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(925) 460-3600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||
| Common Stock, $.10 par value | COO | The New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
________________________
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
On November 30, 2019, there were 48,773,952 shares of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates with aggregate market value of $14.1 billion based on the closing price of a share of the registrant's common stock on April 30, 2019, the last day of the registrant's most recently completed fiscal second quarter.
Number of shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock, as of November 30, 2019: 49,062,354
Documents Incorporated by Reference:
| Document | Part of Form 10-K | |
| Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held in March 2020 | Part III |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Annual Report on Form 10-K
for the Fiscal Year Ended October 31, 2019
Table of Contents
| PART I | Page | |
| Item 1. | Business | 7 |
| Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 23 |
| Item 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 42 |
| Item 2. | Properties | 43 |
| Item 3. | Legal Proceedings | 44 |
| Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 45 |
| PART II | ||
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 45 |
| Item 6. | Selected Financial Data | 49 |
| Item 7. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 50 |
| Item 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk | 69 |
| Item 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 71 |
| Item 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 114 |
| Item 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 114 |
| Item 9B. | Other Information | 115 |
| PART III | ||
| Item 10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 116 |
| Item 11. | Executive Compensation | 116 |
| Item 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 116 |
| Item 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 116 |
| Item 14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 116 |
| PART IV | ||
| Item 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 117 |
| Item 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 123 |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PART I
Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These include statements relating to plans, prospects, goals, strategies, future actions, events or performance and other statements which are other than statements of historical fact, including all statements regarding acquisitions including the acquired companies' financial position, market position, product development and business strategy, expected cost synergies, expected timing and benefits of the transaction, difficulties in integrating entities or operations, as well as estimates of the Cooper Companies, Inc. and the acquired entities' future expenses, sales and earnings per share are forward-looking. In addition, all statements regarding anticipated growth in our revenue, anticipated effects of any product recalls, anticipated market conditions, planned product launches and expected results of operations and integration of any acquisition are forward-looking. To identify these statements, look for words like “believes,” “outlook,” “probable,” “expects,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates” or “anticipates” and similar words or phrases. Forward-looking statements necessarily depend on assumptions, data or methods that may be incorrect or imprecise and are subject to risks and uncertainties. Among the factors that could cause our actual results and future actions to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements are:
| • | Adverse changes in global political and economic conditions, and related uncertainty caused by the United Kingdom’s election to withdraw from the European Union and its potential impact on, among other things, the movement of goods and materials in our supply chain, additional regulatory approvals and requirements, and increased tariffs and duties. |
| • | Adverse changes in the global or regional general business, political and economic conditions, including the impact of continuing uncertainty and instability of certain countries, that could adversely affect our global markets, and the potential adverse economic impact and related uncertainty caused by these items, including but not limited to, escalating global trade barriers including additional tariffs, by countries such as China. |
| • | Changes in tax laws or their interpretation and changes in statutory tax rates, including but not limited to, the U.S., the United Kingdom and other countries may affect our taxation of earnings recognized in foreign jurisdictions and/or negatively impact our effective tax rate. |
| • | Foreign currency exchange rate and interest rate fluctuations including the risk of fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies or interest rates that would decrease our revenues and earnings. |
| • | Our existing indebtedness and associated interest expense, most of which is variable and impacted by rate increases, which could adversely affect our financial health or limit our ability to borrow additional funds. |
| • | Acquisition-related adverse effects including the failure to successfully obtain the anticipated revenues, margins and earnings benefits of acquisitions, integration delays or costs and the requirement to record significant adjustments to the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed within the measurement period, required regulatory approvals for an acquisition not being obtained or being delayed or subject to conditions that are not anticipated, adverse impacts of changes to accounting controls and reporting procedures, contingent liabilities or indemnification obligations, increased leverage and lack of access to available financing (including financing for the acquisition or refinancing of debt owed by us on a timely basis and on reasonable terms). |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
| • | Compliance costs and potential liability in connection with U.S. and foreign laws and health care regulations pertaining to privacy and security of third- party information, such as HIPAA in the U.S. and the General Data Protection Regulation requirements in Europe, including but not limited to those resulting from data security breaches. |
| • | A major disruption in the operations of our manufacturing, accounting and financial reporting, research and development, distribution facilities or raw material supply chain due to integration of acquisitions, natural disasters or other causes. |
| • | A major disruption in the operations of our manufacturing, accounting and financial reporting, research and development or distribution facilities due to technological problems, including any related to our information systems maintenance, enhancements or new system deployments, integrations or upgrades. |
| • | Market consolidation of large customers globally through mergers or acquisitions resulting in a larger proportion or concentration of our business being derived from fewer customers. |
| • | Disruptions in supplies of raw materials, particularly components used to manufacture our silicone hydrogel lenses. |
| • | New U.S. and foreign government laws and regulations, and changes in existing laws, regulations and enforcement guidance, which affect areas of our operations including, but not limited to, those affecting the health care industry, including the contact lens industry specifically and the medical device or pharmaceutical industries generally, including but not limited to the EU Medical Devices Regulation (MDR), the EU In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices Regulation (IVDR), and the medical device excise tax under the U.S. Affordable Care Act. |
| • | Legal costs, insurance expenses, settlement costs and the risk of an adverse decision, prohibitive injunction or settlement related to product liability, patent infringement or other litigation. |
| • | Limitations on sales following product introductions due to poor market acceptance. |
| • | New competitors, product innovations or technologies, including but not limited to, technological advances by competitors, new products and patents attained by competitors, and competitors' expansion through acquisitions. |
| • | Reduced sales, loss of customers and costs and expenses related to product recalls and warning letters. |
| • | Failure to receive, or delays in receiving, regulatory approvals for products. |
| • | Failure of our customers and end users to obtain adequate coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors for our products and services. |
| • | The requirement to provide for a significant liability or to write off, or accelerate depreciation on, a significant asset, including goodwill, other intangible assets and idle manufacturing facilities and equipment. |
| • | The success of our research and development activities and other start-up projects. |
| • | Dilution to earnings per share from acquisitions or issuing stock. |
| • | Impact and costs incurred from changes in accounting standards and policies. |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
| • | Environmental risks, including increasing environmental legislation and the broader impacts of climate change. |
| • | Other events described in our Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including the “Business”, “Risk Factors” and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" sections in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, as such Risk Factors may be updated in quarterly filings. |
We caution investors that forward-looking statements reflect our analysis only on their stated date. We disclaim any intent to update them except as required by law.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 1. . Business.
The Cooper Companies, Inc. (Cooper, we or the Company), a Delaware corporation organized in 1980, is a global medical device company publicly traded on the NYSE (NYSE: COO). Cooper operates through two business units, CooperVision and CooperSurgical.
CooperVision is a global manufacturer providing products for contact lens wearers. CooperVision develops, manufactures and markets a broad range of single-use, two-week and monthly contact lenses, featuring advanced materials and optics. CooperVision designs its products to solve vision challenges such as astigmatism, presbyopia, myopia, ocular dryness and eye fatigues; with a broad collection of spherical, toric and multifocal contact lenses. Acquisitions also expanded CooperVision's access to myopia management and specialty eye care markets with new products, such as orthokeratology (ortho-k) and scleral lenses. In November 2019, CooperVision received United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approval for its MiSight® 1day lens, which is the first and only FDA-approved product indicated to slow the progression of myopia in children with treatment initiated between the ages of 8-12 and is expected to be available in the United States in 2020. Further, CooperVision offers contact lenses in a variety of materials including silicone hydrogel Aquaform® technology and phosphorylcholine technology (PC) Technology™. CooperVision’s major manufacturing and distribution facilities are located in the United Kingdom, Puerto Rico, Hungary, Costa Rica, Belgium and the United States, with other smaller locations also existing in multiple locations around the world.
CooperSurgical's business competes in the general health care market with a focus on advancing the health of women, babies and families through a diversified portfolio of products and services including medical devices, fertility, diagnostics and contraception. CooperSurgical has established its market presence and distribution system by developing products and acquiring companies, products and services that complement its business model. We categorize CooperSurgical product sales based on the point of health care delivery, which includes products used in medical office and surgical procedures, primarily by Obstetricians/Gynecologists (OB/GYN); and fertility products/equipment and genetic testing services used primarily in fertility clinics and laboratories. CooperSurgical's major manufacturing and distribution facilities are located in the United States, Costa Rica, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom with other smaller locations also existing in multiple locations around the world.
CooperVision and CooperSurgical each operate in highly competitive environments. Both of Cooper's businesses compete predominantly on the basis of product quality and differentiation, technological benefit, price, service and reliability.
COOPERVISION
CooperVision competes in the worldwide soft contact lens market and services three primary regions: the Americas, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and Asia Pacific. The contact lens market has two major product categories:
| • | Spherical lenses including lenses that correct near- and farsightedness uncomplicated by more complex visual defects. |
| • | Toric and multifocal lenses including lenses that, in addition to correcting near- and farsightedness, address more complex visual defects such as astigmatism and presbyopia by adding optical properties of cylinder and axis, which correct for irregularities in the shape of the cornea. |
In order to achieve comfortable and healthy contact lens wear, products are sold with recommended replacement schedules, often defined as modalities, with the primary modalities being single-use lenses and frequently replaced lenses, which are designed for two-week and monthly replacement.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CooperVision offers spherical, toric, multifocal and toric multifocal lens products in most modalities. We believe that in order to compete successfully in the numerous categories of the contact lens market, companies must offer differentiated products that are priced competitively and manufactured efficiently. CooperVision believes that it is the only contact lens manufacturer to use three different manufacturing processes to produce its lenses: lathing, cast molding and FIPS™, a cost-effective combination of lathing and molding. We believe this manufacturing flexibility allows CooperVision to compete in its markets by:
| • | Producing high, medium and low volumes of lenses made with a variety of materials for a broader range of market niches: single-use, two-week, monthly and quarterly disposable sphere, toric and multifocal lenses and custom toric lenses for patients with a high degree of astigmatism. |
| • | Offering a wide range of lens parameters, leading to a higher rate of successful fitting for practitioners and better visual acuity for patients. |
The market for spherical lenses is growing with the addition of new value-added products, such as spherical lenses to alleviate dry eye symptoms, reduce eye fatigue from use of digital devices and add aspherical optical properties and/or higher oxygen permeable lenses such as silicone hydrogels.
Sales of contact lenses utilizing silicone hydrogel materials continue to grow. Silicone hydrogel materials supply a higher level of oxygen to the cornea, as measured by the transmissibility of oxygen through a given thickness of material, or “dk/t,” than traditional hydrogel lenses. We believe our ability to compete successfully with a full range of silicone hydrogel products is an important factor to achieving success in our business. Silicone hydrogel lenses represent a significant portion of CooperVision's contact lens sales and our Biofinity® brand is CooperVision's leading product line. Under the Biofinity® brand, CooperVision markets monthly silicone hydrogel spherical, toric and multifocal lens products.
CooperVision markets single-use silicone hydrogel lenses with a complete line of spherical, toric and multifocal lenses under our clariti® 1day brand and single-use silicone hydrogel spherical and toric lenses under our MyDay® brand. We also compete in the traditional hydrogel single-use product segment with several lenses including our Proclear® 1 day lenses. We believe the global market for single-use contact lenses will continue to grow and that our competitive silicone hydrogel and traditional hydrogel product offerings represent an opportunity for our business.
We manufacture silicone hydrogel Biofinity brand spherical, toric and multifocal contact lenses, Avaira Vitality brand spherical and toric lenses and MyDay brand spherical and toric lenses using proprietary Aquaform technology to increase oxygen transmissibility for longer wear.
In addition to its silicone hydrogel product offerings, CooperVision competes in the contact lens market with other traditional hydrogel products.
CooperVision believes that our key accounts which include optical chains, global retailers, certain buying groups and mass merchandisers are growing faster than the overall market. We are focused on supporting the growth of all our customers by investing in selling, promotional and advertising activities. Further, we are increasing investment in our distribution and packaging capabilities to support the growth of our business and to continue providing quality service with our industry leading SKU range and customized offerings.
CooperVision is focused on greater worldwide market penetration of recently introduced products, and we continue to expand our presence in existing and emerging markets, including through acquisitions. In fiscal 2019, CooperVision acquired Blanchard Contact Lenses, a privately-held scleral lens company, which expands CooperVision's specialty and scleral lens portfolio. In fiscal 2018, CooperVision acquired Paragon Vision services, a leading provider of ortho-k, specialty contact lenses and oxygen permeable rigid contact lens material, and Blueyes Ltd. (Blueyes), a long-standing distribution partner, with a leading position in the distribution of contact lenses to the Optical and Pharmacy sector in Israel.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Contact Lens Product Sales

CooperVision Competition
The contact lens market is highly competitive. CooperVision's largest competitors in the worldwide market and its primary competitors in the spherical, toric and multifocal lens categories of that market are Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Bausch Health Companies Inc. and Alcon Inc.
CooperVision's competitors may have greater financial resources, larger research and development budgets, larger sales forces, greater market penetration and/or larger manufacturing volumes. CooperVision seeks to offer a high level of customer service through its direct sales organizations around the world and through telephone sales and technical service representatives who consult with eye care professionals about the use of our lens products.
CooperVision also competes with manufacturers of eyeglasses and with refractive surgical procedures that correct visual defects including laser vision correction. CooperVision believes that laser vision correction is not a significant threat to its sales of contact lenses based on the growth of the contact lens market over the past decade.
CooperVision competes in the silicone hydrogel segment of the market with its following products: Biofinity monthly spherical, toric and multifocal lenses; Avaira VitalityTM two-week spherical and toric lenses; clariti 1day brand of single-use sphere, toric and multifocal lenses; and MyDay single-use spherical and toric lenses. CooperVision believes the clariti 1day and MyDay brands of single-use contact lenses provide the broadest product portfolio in the single-use silicone hydrogel market.
In addition to a broad offering of silicone hydrogel lenses, CooperVision competes with different manufacturing processes which allow it to produce a broad range of spheres, toric and multifocal lens parameters, which we believe provides wide choices for patient and practitioner and a high level of visual acuity. We also compete based on our customer and professional services. CooperVision believes that there are opportunities for contact lenses to gain market share, particularly in markets where the penetration of contact lenses in the vision correction market is low.
COOPERSURGICAL
CooperSurgical offers a broad array of products and services focused on advancing the health of women, babies and families through a diversified portfolio of products and services including medical devices, fertility, genomics, diagnostics and contraception. We offer quality products, innovative technologies and superior services to clinicians and patients worldwide. CooperSurgical collaborates with clinicians to
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
identify products and new technologies from disposable products to diagnostic tests to sophisticated instruments and equipment, to bring new products to market. The result is a broad portfolio of products and services that are intended to aid in the delivery of improved clinical outcomes that health care professionals use routinely in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of family and women's health and reproductive issues.
Since its inception in 1990, CooperSurgical has established its market presence and distribution system by developing products and acquiring products and companies that complement its business model.
CooperSurgical competes in the global in-vitro fertilization (IVF) market with a product portfolio of IVF media and assisted reproductive technology solutions including genetic testing designed to enhance the work of fertility professionals to the benefit of women, babies and families.
We have continued to invest in CooperSurgical's business through the acquisition of companies and product lines for new or complementary products and services for the IVF process and within the OB/GYN space.
In fiscal 2019, CooperSurgical acquired Incisive Surgical Inc., a privately-held U.S. medical device company that develops mechanical surgical solutions for skin closure. In fiscal 2018, CooperSurgical acquired the assets of PARAGARD, which is an Intrauterine System (IUS) from Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited (Teva). This acquisition broadens and strengthens CooperSurgical's women's health product portfolio in office and surgical procedures. PARAGARD® is the only hormone-free, long lasting, reversible contraceptive option approved by FDA available in the United States, and IUSs represent a large and growing segment of the contraceptive market. CooperSurgical also acquired in fiscal 2018, The LifeGlobal Group (LifeGlobal) which was a privately held company that specializes primarily in the IVF media marketplace. We intend to continue investing in CooperSurgical's business with the goal of expanding our integrated solutions model within the areas of family health, fertility and diagnostics.
Market for Women's and Family Reproductive Health Care
CooperSurgical participates in the market for family health care with its diversified product lines in three major categories based on the point of health care delivery: hospitals and surgical centers, OB/GYN medical offices and fertility clinics.
CooperSurgical expects patient visits to OB/GYN offices in the United States to increase over the next decade. Office visit activity related to menopause, abnormal bleeding, incontinence and osteoporosis, are expected to increase slightly over the next decade. Driving the growth is a growing population of women over the age of 65 (according to the United States Census estimates), a large and stable middle-aged population, and a steady number of reproductive age women with increasing fertility issues as well as women interested in contraception that is reversible such as with the PARAGARD® IUS. CooperSurgical expects growth in fertility treatments as more women choose to delay childbearing to the mid-thirties and beyond.
Another trend in the market for women's health care includes the migration of OB/GYN clinicians away from private practice ownership and toward aligning with group practices or employment with hospitals and health care systems. This trend includes the increasing influence of supply chain controls, such as value analysis committees, on product evaluation and procurement. CooperSurgical believes that the market factors that are driving this trend will continue in the near term. We believe our broad product portfolio can be a benefit in this changing environment as health systems look to standardize and consolidate vendors.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Recent trends in the United States market include the development of more cost-effective health care delivery models, including moving treatment out of hospitals and surgery centers and into the office setting without compromising care. We expect this trend to continue.
While general medical practitioners play an important role in women's primary care, the OB/GYN specialist is the primary market for our medical devices.
Some significant features of this market are:
| • | Patient visits are for annual checkups, cancer screening, menstrual disorders, vaginitis (inflammation of vaginal tissue), treatment of abnormal Pap smears, osteoporosis (reduction in bone mass) and the management of menopause, pregnancy and reproductive management. |
| • | We believe that approximately one-third of the office visits to OB/GYN are patients seeking diagnosis and treatment for the symptoms of abnormal uterine bleeding. |
| • | A high proportion of office visits are for contraceptive management. |
| • | OB/GYN traditionally provide the initial evaluation for women and their partners who seek infertility assistance. Ovulatory drugs and intrauterine insemination (IUI) are common treatments in these cases. |
| • | IVF is performed by reproductive endocrinologists, a subgroup of OB/GYN, along with partner embryologists. |
| • | Osteoporosis and incontinence have become frequent diagnoses as the female population ages. Early identification and treatment of these conditions will both improve women's health and help reduce overall costs of treatment. |
| • | Sterilization is a frequently performed procedure. |
| • | Hysterectomy is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures. |
| • | Hysteroscopy is commonly used in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. |
| • | The trend to move hospital-based procedures to an office or clinical setting is continuing as a method to reduce cost to the health care system without compromising clinical outcomes. |
| • | Increased awareness of improved IVF outcomes with preimplantation genetic screening will continue. |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Women's and Family Reproductive Health Care Product Sales

CooperSurgical Competition
CooperSurgical focuses on selected segments of the family and women's health care market, supplying diagnostic products, services, and surgical instruments and accessories. In some instances, CooperSurgical offers all the items needed for a complete procedure. CooperSurgical believes that opportunities exist for continued market consolidation of smaller technology-driven firms that generally offer only one or two product lines. Most are privately owned or divisions of public companies including some owned by companies with greater financial resources than Cooper.
Competitive factors in these segments include technological and scientific advances, product quality, price, customer service and effective communication of product information to physicians, fertility clinics and hospitals. CooperSurgical competes based on our sales and marketing expertise and the technological advantages of our products. Competition in the medical device industry is dynamic and involves the search for technological and therapeutic innovations. CooperSurgical's strategy includes developing and acquiring new products, including those used in new medical procedures. As CooperSurgical expands its product line, we also offer educational programs for medical professionals in the appropriate use of our products.
CooperSurgical continues to expand its presence in the significantly larger hospital and outpatient surgical procedure segment of the market that is at present dominated by bigger competitors such as Johnson & Johnson, Boston Scientific, Hologic, Olympus and Medtronic. These competitors have well-established positions within the operating room environment. CooperSurgical leverages its relationship with gynecologic surgeons and focus on devices specific to gynecologic surgery to facilitate our expansion within the surgical segment of the market.
CooperSurgical also competes in the fertility category of the women's health care market. We have broad product offerings for fertility evaluations and IVF procedures by OB/GYN, reproductive endocrinologists and embryologists. These include products for use by the OB/GYN in their offices for initial evaluations with office-based hysteroscopy and first line treatments such as intrauterine insemination. In fertility clinics, our products include media, micro tools and lab equipment; and to improve IVF outcomes we offer screening testing services intended to increase implantation rates and decrease miscarriages.
CooperSurgical leverages its relationship with fertility clinics to expand its presence in the fertility market against competitors in the media and microtools categories that include Vitrolife, Cook and Irvine Scientific and competitors in fertility and familial reproductive genetic testing that include Natera, Invitae and Igenomix.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CooperSurgical competes in the IUS market. PARAGARD is the only non-hormonal IUS option in the United States and has a 10-year use indication. In the United States, where all IUSs are regulated as pharmaceuticals, we compete with manufacturers of hormonal IUSs including Bayer and Allergan. Outside of the United States, non-hormonal IUSs are more typically regulated as devices and are sold by a number of manufacturers. Currently, PARAGARD is not sold outside of the United States.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
The Company employs approximately 222 people in research and development. CooperVision's product development and clinical research is supported by internal and external specialists in lens design, formulation science, polymer chemistry, clinical trials, microbiology and biochemistry. CooperVision's research and development activities primarily include programs to develop new contact lens designs and manufacturing technology, along with improving formulations and existing products.
CooperSurgical conducts research and development in-house and has consulting agreements with external specialists. CooperSurgical's research and development activities include the design and improvement of surgical procedure devices, the advancement and expansion of CooperSurgical's portfolio of assisted reproductive technology products, genetic screening and testing, as well as products within the general OB/GYN offerings.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Medical Device and Pharmaceutical Regulation
Most of our products are medical devices subject to extensive regulation by the FDA in the United States and other regulatory bodies abroad. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) and FDA regulations govern, among other things, medical device design and development, testing, manufacturing, labeling, storage, record keeping, premarket clearance or approval, advertising and promotion, and sales and distribution. Unless an exemption applies, each medical device we wish to distribute commercially in the United States will require either prior notice to the FDA requesting clearance for commercial distribution under Section 510(k) of the FDCA, or premarket approval (PMA) from the FDA. A majority of the medical devices we currently market have received FDA clearance through the 510(k) process or approval through the PMA process. Because we cannot be assured that any new products we develop, or any product enhancements, will be exempt from the premarket clearance or approval requirements or will be subject to the shorter 510(k) clearance process rather than the PMA process, significant delays in the introduction of any new products or product enhancements may occur.
Device Classification
The FDA classifies medical devices into one of three classes - Class I, II or III - depending on the degree of risk associated with each medical device and the extent of control needed to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Both CooperVision and CooperSurgical develop and market medical devices under different levels of FDA regulation depending on the classification of the device. Class III devices, such as flexible and extended wear contact lenses, require extensive premarket testing and approval, while Class I and II devices require lower levels of regulation. The majority of CooperSurgical's products are Class II devices.
Class I devices are those for which safety and effectiveness can be assured by adherence to the FDA's general regulatory controls for medical devices, which include compliance with the applicable portions of the FDA's Quality System Regulation (QSR), facility registration and product listing, reporting of adverse medical events, and appropriate, truthful and non-misleading labeling, advertising, and promotional materials (General Controls). Some Class I devices also require premarket clearance by the FDA through the 510(k) premarket notification process described below.
Class II devices are subject to the FDA's General Controls, and any other special controls as deemed necessary by the FDA to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device, such as performance standards, post-market surveillance, FDA guidelines or particularized labeling requirements. Premarket review and clearance by the FDA for Class II devices is accomplished through the 510(k) premarket notification procedure. Pursuant to the Medical Device User Fee and Modernization Act of 2002 (MDUFMA), unless a specific exemption applies, 510(k) premarket notification submissions are subject to user fees. Certain Class II devices are exempt from this premarket review process.
Class III devices are those devices deemed by the FDA to pose the greatest risk, such as life-sustaining, life-supporting or certain implantable devices, or which have a new intended use, or use advanced technology that is not substantially equivalent to that of a legally marketed device. The safety and effectiveness of Class III devices cannot be assured solely by the General Controls and other special controls such as those listed above. These devices almost always require formal clinical studies to demonstrate safety and effectiveness and must be approved through the PMA process described below. PMA applications (and supplemental PMA applications) are subject to significantly higher user fees under MDUFMA than are 510(k) premarket notifications.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
510(k) Clearance Pathway
When we are required to obtain a 510(k) clearance for a Class I or Class II device that we wish to market, we must submit a premarket notification to the FDA demonstrating that the device is substantially equivalent to a previously cleared 510(k) device or a device that was in commercial distribution in the United States before May 28, 1976, for which the FDA has not yet called for the submission of PMA applications. The FDA aims to respond to a 510(k) premarket notification within 90 days of submission of the notification, but as a practical matter, clearance can take significantly longer. Although many 510(k) pre-market notifications are cleared without clinical data, in some cases, the FDA requires additional information to support substantial equivalence. If the FDA agrees that the device is substantially equivalent to a predicate device currently on the market, it will grant 510(k) clearance to commercially market the device. If the FDA determines that the device is not substantially equivalent to a previously cleared device the device sponsor must fulfill more rigorous PMA requirements, or can request a risk-based classification determination for the device in accordance with the de novo process.
After a device receives 510(k) clearance, any modification that could significantly affect its safety or effectiveness, or that changes its intended use, will require a new 510(k) clearance or could require premarket approval. The FDA requires each manufacturer to make this determination initially, but the FDA can review any such decision and can disagree with a manufacturer's determination. If the FDA disagrees with a manufacturer's determination that a new clearance or approval is not required for a particular modification, the FDA may require the manufacturer to cease marketing and/or recall the modified device until 510(k) clearance or premarket approval is obtained. In these circumstances, a manufacturer also may be subject to significant regulatory fines or penalties. We have made and plan to continue to make additional product enhancements and modifications to our devices that we believe do not require new 510(k) clearances.
Premarket Approval Pathway
A PMA application must be submitted if the device cannot be cleared through the 510(k) premarket notification procedures or if the device has been previously classified as Class III. The PMA process is much more demanding than the 510(k) premarket notification process. A PMA application must be supported by extensive data including, but not limited to, technical, non-clinical, clinical trials, manufacturing and labeling to demonstrate to the FDA's satisfaction the safety and effectiveness of the device for its intended use.
Following receipt of a PMA application, the FDA conducts an administrative review to determine whether the application is sufficiently complete to permit a substantive review. If it is not, the agency will refuse to file the PMA. If it is, the FDA will accept the application for filing and begin the review. The FDA, by statute and regulation, has 180 days to review an accepted PMA application, although the review generally occurs over a significantly longer period of time, and can take up to several years. During this review period, the FDA may request additional information, including clinical data, non-clinical data or clarification of information already provided, and the FDA may issue a major deficiency letter to the applicant, requesting the applicant's response to deficiencies communicated by the FDA. The FDA considers a PMA or PMA supplement to have been voluntarily withdrawn if an applicant fails to respond to an FDA request for information (e.g., major deficiency letter) within 180 days after the FDA issues such request. Also, during the review period, an advisory panel of experts from outside the FDA may be convened to review and evaluate the application and provide recommendations to the FDA as to the approvability of the device. In addition, the FDA will conduct a preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facility to ensure compliance with the QSR, which requires manufacturers to implement and follow elaborate design, testing, control, documentation and other quality assurance procedures in the device design and manufacturing process.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
The FDA may approve a PMA application with post-approval conditions intended to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device including, among other things, restrictions on labeling, promotion, sale and distribution and collection of long-term follow-up data from patients in the clinical study that supported approval. Failure to comply with the conditions of approval can result in materially adverse enforcement action, including the loss or withdrawal of the approval. New PMA applications, amendments to a PMA application or PMA application supplements are required for significant modifications to the manufacturing process, labeling and design of a device that is approved through the PMA process. PMA supplements often require submission of the same type of information as a PMA application, except that the supplement is limited to information needed to support any changes from the device covered by the original PMA application, and may not require as extensive clinical data or the convening of an advisory panel.
Clinical Trials for Medical Devices
A clinical trial is almost always required to support a PMA application and is rarely required for a 510(k) premarket notification. These trials generally require submission of an application for an investigational device exemption (IDE) to the FDA. Some types of studies deemed to present "non-significant risk" are deemed to have an approved IDE once certain requirements are addressed and Institutional Review Board approval is obtained. If the device presents a "significant risk" to human health, as defined by the FDA, the sponsor must submit an IDE application to the FDA and obtain IDE approval prior to commencing the human clinical trials. The IDE application which includes a clinical study protocol must be supported by appropriate data, such as animal and laboratory testing results, showing that the potential benefits of testing the device in humans and the importance of the knowledge to be gained outweighs the risks to human subjects from the proposed investigation that the testing protocol is scientifically sound and there is reason to believe that the device as proposed for use will be effective. The IDE application must be approved in advance by the FDA for a specified number of patients, unless the product is deemed a non-significant risk device and eligible for more abbreviated investigational device exemption requirements. Clinical trials for a significant risk device may begin once the IDE application is approved by both the FDA and the appropriate institutional review boards at the clinical trial sites. There can be no assurance that submission of an IDE will result in the ability to commence clinical trials. Additionally, after a trial begins, the FDA may place it on hold or terminate it if, among other reasons, it concludes that the clinical subjects are exposed to unacceptable health risks that outweigh the benefits of participation in the study. During a study, we are required to comply with the FDA's IDE requirements for investigator selection, trial monitoring, reporting, record keeping and prohibitions on the promotion of investigational devices or making safety or efficacy claims for them. We are also responsible for the appropriate labeling and distribution of investigational devices. All of Cooper's currently marketed products have been cleared by all appropriate regulatory agencies, and Cooper has no product currently being marketed under an IDE.
Continuing FDA and Other Government Agency Regulation of Medical Devices
After a device is placed on the market, numerous regulatory requirements apply. These include: establishment registration and device listing with the FDA; the QSR, which requires manufacturers to follow design, testing, production, control, complaint handling, documentation and other quality assurance procedures during the manufacturing process; labeling regulations, which prohibit the promotion of products for uncleared or unapproved or “off-label” uses and impose other restrictions on labeling, advertising and promotion; new FDA unique device identifier regulations, which require changes to labeling and packaging; and medical device reporting regulations, which require that manufacturers report to the FDA if their device may have caused or contributed to a death or serious injury or malfunctioned in a way that would likely cause or contribute to a death or serious injury if it were to recur. The FDA has broad post-market and regulatory enforcement powers. We are subject to unannounced inspections for cause by the FDA to determine our compliance with the QSR and other regulations.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements, which are subject to new legislation and change, can result in enforcement action by the FDA, or other federal and state government agencies which may include, but may not be limited to, any of the following sanctions or consequences: warning letters or untitled letters; fines, injunctions and civil penalties; recall, seizure or import holds of our products; operating restrictions, suspension or shutdown of production; refusing to issue certificates to foreign governments needed to export products for sale in other countries; refusing our request for 510(k) clearance or premarket approval of new or modified products; withdrawing 510(k) clearance or premarket approvals that are already granted; and criminal prosecution.
Laboratory Developed Tests
Our genetic testing laboratory services are not currently regulated by the FDA, or foreign ministries of health. Although the FDA has statutory authority to regulate In Vitro Diagnostic Products (IVDs) used for clinical purposes as medical devices, and to assure that such products are safe and effective for their intended uses, the FDA has historically exercised its enforcement discretion and not enforced applicable provisions of the FDCA and regulations with respect to Laboratory Developed Tests (LDT), which are a subset of IVDs that are intended for clinical use and designed, manufactured and used within a single laboratory. We believe our genetic laboratory tests fall within the definition of an LDT. As a result, we believe our tests are not currently subject to the FDA’s enforcement of its medical device regulations and the applicable FDCA provisions. However, the IVDR will regulate the testing of human embryos which will be classified as Class C. In addition, even though we commercialize our tests as LDT, our tests may in the future become subject to more onerous regulation by the FDA.
Pharmaceutical Regulation
Our PARAGARD Intrauterine Copper Contraceptive is regulated by the FDA as a drug.
In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs under the FDCA and its implementing regulations. The process of obtaining regulatory approvals and the subsequent compliance with applicable federal, state, local and foreign statutes and regulations requires the expenditure of substantial time and financial resources. Failure to comply with the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the product development process, approval process or after approval, may subject an applicant to a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as the FDA’s refusal to approve pending New Drug Applications (NDA), withdrawal of an approval, imposition of a clinical hold, untitled letters, warning letters, product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, refusals of government contracts, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties.
Any drug products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to continuing regulation by the FDA, including manufacturing, periodic reporting, product sampling and distribution, advertising, promotion, drug shortage reporting, compliance with any post-approval requirements imposed as a conditional of approval such as Phase 4 clinical trials, a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS), and surveillance, recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including adverse experiences.
After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims are subject to further testing to new clinical investigation requirements and prior FDA review and approval. There also are continuing, annual program fee requirements for any approved products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, as well as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Drug manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register their establishments with the FDA and certain state agencies and to list their drug products and are subject to periodic announced and unannounced inspections by the FDA and these state agencies for compliance with Good Manufacturing Practices, or cGMPs, and other requirements, which impose procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our third-party manufacturers.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Changes to the manufacturing process are strictly regulated and often require prior FDA approval before being implemented, or FDA notification. FDA regulations also require investigation and correction of any deviations from cGMPs specifications and impose reporting and documentation requirements upon the sponsor and any third-party manufacturers that the sponsor may decide to use. Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain cGMP compliance.
Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in withdrawal of marketing approval, mandatory revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information or other limitations, imposition of post-market studies or clinical trials to assess new safety risks, or imposition of distribution or other restrictions under a REMS program, among other consequences.
The FDA closely regulates the marketing and promotion of drugs. A company can make only those claims relating to safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA. Physicians, in their independent professional medical judgement, may prescribe legally available products for uses that are not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. We, however, are prohibited from marketing or promoting drugs for uses outside of the approved labeling.
In addition, the distribution of prescription pharmaceutical products, including samples, is subject to the Prescription Drug Marketing Act (PDMA), which regulates the distribution of drugs and drug samples at the federal level, and sets minimum standards for the registration and regulation of drug distributors by the states. Both the PDMA and state laws limit the distribution of prescription pharmaceutical product samples and impose requirements to ensure accountability in distribution. The Drug Supply Chain Security Act also imposes obligations on manufacturers of pharmaceutical products related to product and tracking and serialization.
Failure to comply with any of the FDA’s requirements, which are subject to new legislation and change, could result in significant adverse enforcement actions. These include a variety of administrative or judicial sanctions, such as refusal to approve pending applications, license suspension or revocation, withdrawal of an approval, imposition of a clinical hold or termination of clinical trials, warning letters, untitled letters, cyber letters, modification of promotional materials or labeling, product recalls, product seizures or detentions, refusal to allow imports or exports, total or partial suspension of production or distribution, debarment, injunctions, fines, consent decrees, corporate integrity agreements, refusals of government contracts and new orders under existing contracts, exclusion from participation in federal and state healthcare programs, restitution, disgorgement or civil or criminal penalties, including fines and imprisonment. It is also possible that failure to comply with the FDA’s requirements relating to the promotion of prescription drugs may lead to investigations alleging violations of federal and state healthcare fraud and abuse and other laws, as well as state consumer protection laws. Any of these sanctions could result in adverse publicity, among other adverse consequences.
Foreign Regulation
Health authorities in foreign countries regulate Cooper's clinical trials and medical device sales. The regulations vary widely from country to country. Even if the FDA has cleared or approved a product in the United States, the regulatory agencies in other countries must approve new products before they may be marketed there. The time required to obtain approval in another country may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA clearance or approval, and the requirements may differ. There is a trend towards harmonization of quality system standards among the European Union, United States, Canada and various other industrialized countries. Japan has one of the most rigorous regulatory systems in the world and requires in-country clinical trials. The Japanese quality and regulatory standards remain stringent even with the more recent harmonization efforts and updated Japanese regulations. China is also updating its regulations and is requiring rigorous in-country product testing.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
These regulatory procedures require a considerable investment in time and resources and usually result in a substantial delay between new product development and marketing. If the Company does not maintain compliance with regulatory standards or if problems occur after marketing, product approval may be withdrawn.
In addition to FDA regulatory requirements, CooperVision maintains ISO 13485 certification and CE mark approvals for its products and CooperSurgical maintains ISO 13485 certification for medical devices and ISO 15189 certification for the Genomics laboratories. A CE mark is an international symbol of adherence to certain standards and compliance with applicable European medical device requirements. These quality programs and approvals are required by the European Medical Device Directive and must be maintained for all products intended to be sold in the European market. The ISO 13485 Quality Measurement System registration is now also required for registration of products in Asia Pacific and Latin American countries. In order to maintain these quality benchmarks, the Company is subjected to rigorous biannual reassessment audits of its quality systems and procedures.
In May 2017, the MDR (Regulation 2017/745) was adopted. The MDR will, however, only become applicable three years after publication (in May 2020). Once applicable, the new regulations will bring significant new requirements for many medical devices, including enhanced requirements for clinical evidence and documentation, increased focus on device identification and traceability, and additional post market surveillance and vigilance. Compliance with the MDR will require re-certification of many of our products to the enhanced standards. Further, products sold as IVDs in Europe will be regulated under the In Vitro Diagnostics Directive (98/79/EC). A new regulation, the IVDR (EU) 2017/746, the IVDR, has been released and will become fully enforceable in 2022. These regulations include requirements for both presentation and review of performance data and quality-system requirements.
Both CooperVision and CooperSurgical have been actively deploying regulatory and compliance initiatives designed to allow the continued ability to sell and market their respective products in the EU under the MDR and the IVDR.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Other Health Care Regulation
We may be subject to various federal, state and foreign laws pertaining to health care fraud and abuse, including anti-kickback laws and physician self-referral laws, physician payment transparency laws, and laws pertaining to health information privacy and security. Violations of these laws are punishable by criminal and civil sanctions, including, in some instances, exclusion from participation in federal and state health care programs, including Medicare, Medicaid, Veterans Administration health programs and TRICARE. Similarly, if the physicians or other providers or entities with whom we do business are found to be noncompliant with applicable laws, they may be subject to sanctions, which could indirectly have a negative impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations. While we believe that our operations are in material compliance with such laws, as applicable to us, because of the complex and far-reaching nature of these laws, there can be no assurance that we would not be required to alter one or more of our practices to be in compliance with these laws.
In addition, the federal government, as part of the Affordable Care Act (the ACA), as well as certain state governments have enacted laws aimed at increasing transparency in relationships between medical device companies and health care professionals. We are now required by the federal Physician Payments Sunshine Act and similar state and foreign laws to report annually many types of payments made and items of value provided to licensed health care professionals. Certain states also mandate implementation of commercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on device manufacturer marketing practices and tracking and/or require the reporting of gifts, compensation and other remuneration to physicians. In addition, certain foreign jurisdictions have adopted, or are currently acting to implement, similar laws. Failure to adhere to our policies, comply with required laws or implement adequate policies and practices to address changes to legal and regulatory requirements could result in sanctions such as fines, injunctions and civil penalties.
The impact to our businesses of the ACA provisions related to coverage expansion, payment reforms and delivery system changes remains uncertain. The ACA imposes a 2.3 percent excise tax, with limited exceptions, on any entity that manufactures or imports Class I, II and III medical devices offered for sale in the United States that began on January 1, 2013. CooperVision's products are not subject to this tax because contact lenses are excluded from the tax. However, United States sales of CooperSurgical's products are subject to this tax which is recorded in selling, general and administrative expense on our Statement of Income. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2016 imposed a two-year moratorium of the device excise tax for device sales in calendar years 2016 and 2017. On January 22, 2018, the moratorium was extended for two more years. Absent further legislative action, the device excise tax will be reinstated on medical device sales starting January 1, 2020.
We cannot predict at this time the full impact of the ACA, or the impact of any U.S. legislation enacted in the future will have on our revenues, profit margins, profitability, operating cash flows and results of operations. For example, the Trump Administration recently narrowed the ACA mandate for employers and insurers to cover birth control pills and other contraceptives by expanding the types of entities that could invoke religious or moral beliefs to avoid the ACA requirement. The Trump Administration and the U.S. Congress may take further action regarding the ACA, including, but not limited to, repeal or replacement. Additionally, all or a portion of the ACA and related subsequent legislation may be modified, repealed or otherwise invalidated through judicial challenge.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
RAW MATERIALS
Our businesses utilize various chemicals, packaging materials, components, parts and raw materials which are generally available from more than one source. However, in certain instances we acquire components and materials from sole suppliers to make our silicone hydrogel contact lens, certain medical devices and IVF products. Supply of these materials is protected by contractual agreements and safety stocks. However, if current raw material suppliers fail to supply sufficient materials on a timely basis, or at all for any reason, we could experience inventory shortages and disruption in the supply of products if we were required to use an alternative supplier on short notice.
MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION
CooperVision markets our products through our own field sales representatives, who call on optometrists, ophthalmologists, opticians, optical chains and distributors. CooperVision also sells to distributors and to mass merchandisers who offer eye care services. To support the sale and use of CooperVision products, CooperVision engages in various activities and offers a variety of services. These include clinical training, digital marketing for the customer, e-commerce, telemarketing, social media, and journal advertisements. CooperVision also invested in tools that allow our customers to offer their patients monthly purchase and delivery subscriptions. In certain smaller countries, CooperVision often uses distributors and leverages our distributors' sales and marketing resources to attract major customers to CooperVision.
CooperSurgical's products are marketed by a network of dedicated field sales representatives, independent agents and distributors. CooperSurgical augments its sales and marketing activities by participating in national and regional industry trade shows, professional educational programs and internet promotions including e-commerce, social media and collaborative efforts with professional organizations, telemarketing, direct mail and advertising in professional journals. With the addition of PARAGARD, CooperSurgical expanded its awareness campaigns to include direct to consumer elements including print, internet/social media, radio and television.
PATENTS, TRADEMARKS AND LICENSING AGREEMENTS
Cooper owns or licenses a variety of domestic and foreign patents, which, in total, are material to our overall business. The names of certain Cooper's products are protected by trademark registrations in the United States Patent and Trademark Office and, in some cases, also in foreign trademark offices. Applications are pending for additional trademark and patent registrations. Cooper intends to protect our intellectual property rights aggressively.
In addition to trademarks and patent licenses, we own certain trade secrets, copyrights, know-how and other intellectual property.
DEPENDENCE ON CUSTOMERS
No customers accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net revenue in fiscal 2019 and 2018. One customer, a CooperVision contact lens distributor, accounted for approximately 10% of our consolidated net revenue in fiscal 2017. See Note 12. Business Segment Information of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS
Neither of our business units is materially subject to profit renegotiation or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the United States government.
BACKLOG
Backlog is not a material factor in either of Cooper's business units.
SEASONALITY
CooperVision and CooperSurgical net sales in the fiscal first quarter, which runs from November 1 through January 31, are typically lower than subsequent quarters, as patient traffic to practitioners' offices, fertility clinics, and hospitals/surgical centers for surgical procedures is relatively light during the holiday season.
COMPLIANCE WITH ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
Federal, state and local provisions that regulate the discharge of materials into the environment, or relate to the protection of the environment, do not currently materially affect Cooper's capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position.
In addition, the Company continues to monitor and comply with environmental health and safety regulations in countries in which it operates throughout the world, in particular, European Union and China Restrictions on the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS) and Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemical substances, or REACH.
EMPLOYEES
As of October 31, 2019, we had approximately 12,000 employees. We believe we have good relations with our employees.
NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CERTIFICATION
We submitted our 2019 annual Section 12(a) CEO certification with the New York Stock Exchange. The certification was not qualified in any respect. Additionally, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2019, the CEO and CFO certifications required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
The Cooper Companies, Inc. Internet address is http://www.coopercos.com. The information on the Company's website is not part of this or any other report we file with, or furnish to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, along with all other reports and amendments filed with or furnished to the SEC, are publicly available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable. The SEC maintains a website that contains such reports, proxy and information statements and other information whose Internet address is http://www.sec.gov. The Company's Corporate Governance Principles, Ethics and Business Conduct Policy and charters of each standing committee of the Board of Directors are also posted on the Company's website.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Our business faces significant risks. These risks include those described below and may include additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks, and the trading prices of our common stock could decline by virtue of these risks. These risks should be read in conjunction with the other information in this report.
Risks Relating to Our Business
We operate in the highly competitive health care industry and there can be no assurance that we will be able to compete successfully.
Each of our businesses operates within a highly competitive environment. In our soft contact lens business, CooperVision faces intense competition from competitors' products, in particular silicone hydrogel contact lenses, and may face increasing competition as other new products enter the market. Our largest competitors in the contact lens business, Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. and Alcon Inc. may have substantially greater financial resources, larger research and development budgets, larger sales forces, greater market penetration and/or larger manufacturing volumes than CooperVision. They offer competitive products and differentiated materials, plus a variety of other eye care products including lens care products and ophthalmic pharmaceuticals, which may give them a competitive advantage in marketing their lenses. The market for contact lenses is intensely competitive and is characterized by declining sales volumes for older product lines and growing demand for silicone hydrogel based products. Our ability to respond to these competitive pressures will depend on our ability to decrease our costs and maintain gross margins and operating results and to introduce new products successfully, on a timely basis in the Americas, EMEA and Asia Pacific, and to achieve manufacturing efficiencies and sufficient manufacturing capacity and capabilities for such products. Any significant decrease in our costs per lens will depend, in part, on our ability to increase sales volume and production capabilities. Our failure to respond to competitive pressures in a timely manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
To a lesser extent, CooperVision also competes with manufacturers of eyeglasses and providers of other forms of vision correction including ophthalmic surgery.
There can be no assurance that we will not encounter increased competition in the future, for example with increased product entries from Asia Pacific contact lens manufacturers, or that our competitors' newer contact lens products will not successfully erode CooperVision's contact lens business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The contact lens industry also continues to evolve with respect to the introduction of new distribution and fulfillment models and service technologies which may conflict with CooperVision’s strategy or interfere with its customers’ relationships and loyalty. For example, more contact lenses are being fulfilled directly to the consumer by manufacturers and wholesalers via online platforms, telemedicine is gaining popularity and more vision correction prescriptions are being provided through online refractive exams rather than in office by an eye care practitioner. CooperVision’s failure to adapt to the threats posed by these new and emerging distribution models and Internet driven services may have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In the women's health care market, competitive factors include technological and scientific advances, product quality, access to local markets based on regulatory clearances, price and effective communication of product information to physicians, hospitals, patients and IVF clinics. CooperSurgical competes with a number of manufacturers in each of its niche areas, some of which have substantially
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
greater financial and personnel resources and sell a much broader range of products, which may give them an advantage in marketing competitive products.
Acquisitions that we have made and may make in the future involve numerous risks.
We have a history of acquiring businesses and products that have significantly contributed to our growth in recent years. As part of our growth strategy, particularly at CooperSurgical and at CooperVision, we intend to continue to consider acquiring complementary technologies, products and businesses. Future acquisitions could result in potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities and an increase in amortization and/or impairments of goodwill and other intangible assets, which could have a material adverse effect upon our business, financial condition and results of operations. CooperVision acquired Blanchard Contact Lenses in fiscal 2019; Paragon Vision Sciences and Blueyes in fiscal 2018. CooperSurgical acquired Incisive Surgical Inc. in fiscal 2019; PARAGARD and LifeGlobal in fiscal 2018. Risks we could face with respect to these acquisitions include:
| • | failure to successfully obtain the anticipated revenues, margins and earnings benefits; |
| • | difficulties in, and expenses related to, the integration of the operations, technologies, products and personnel of the acquired company and establishment of appropriate accounting controls and reporting procedures and other regulatory compliance procedures, including but not limited to third party compliance and due diligence; |
| • | increased leverage and the risk of lack of access to available financing, including financing for the acquisition or refinancing of debt owed by us on a timely basis and on reasonable terms; |
| • | risks of entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; |
| • | potential loss of employees; |
| • | an inability to identify and consummate future acquisitions on favorable terms or at all; |
| • | diversion of management's attention away from other business concerns; |
| • | expenses of any undisclosed or potential liabilities, contingent liabilities or indemnification obligations of the acquired company; |
| • | expenses, including restructuring expenses, to shut-down our own locations or terminate our employees; |
| • | application of and compliance with new and unfamiliar regulatory frameworks such as pharmaceutical regulation applicable to our PARAGARD IUS; |
| • | Failure to successfully obtain or maintain reimbursements under the third party payor plans, including but not limited to governmental programs, due to complex reporting and payment obligations; |
| • | a dilution of earnings per share; and |
| • | risks inherent in accounting allocations and the risk that we are required to record significant adjustments to the preliminary fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed within the measurement period. |
Product innovations are important in the industry in which we operate, and we face the risk of product obsolescence if we are unable to develop new products or gain regulatory approvals or if our competitors introduce new products.
Product innovations are important in the contact lens market in which CooperVision competes and in the areas of the health care industry in which CooperSurgical competes. CooperSurgical has historically purchased, leveraged or licensed the technology developments of others. Over the past few years, CooperSurgical has inv
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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
I****tem 2. Properties.
The following is a summary of Cooper's principal facilities as of October 31, 2019. We generally lease our office and operations facilities but own several manufacturing and research and development facilities, including 224,533 square feet in the United Kingdom, 164,946 square feet in Costa Rica, 63,787 square feet in Denmark, 76,778 square feet in New York, 33,630 square feet in Texas and 9,000 square feet in Virginia. Our lease agreements expire at various dates through the year 2045. We believe our properties are suitable and adequate for our businesses.
| Location | Approximate Square Feet | Operations | ||
| AMERICAS | ||||
| United States: | ||||
| California | 93,594 | Executive offices; CooperVision research & development and administrative offices; CooperSurgical laboratory | ||
| New York | 423,175 | CooperVision manufacturing, marketing, distribution and administrative offices; CooperSurgical manufacturing, office and distribution | ||
| Connecticut | 301,962 | CooperSurgical manufacturing, marketing, distribution, research & development and administrative offices | ||
| Texas | 36,113 | CooperSurgical manufacturing | ||
| Puerto Rico | 527,285 | CooperVision manufacturing, research & development and distribution | ||
| Costa Rica | 167,066 | CooperVision and CooperSurgical manufacturing and office | ||
| Brazil | 16,580 | CooperVision marketing and distribution | ||
| Canada | 30,625 | CooperVision and CooperSurgical office and laboratory | ||
| Other Americas | 157,243 | CooperVision marketing and distribution; CooperSurgical manufacturing marketing and laboratory | ||
| EMEA | ||||
| United Kingdom | 791,754 | CooperVision manufacturing, marketing, distribution, research & development and administrative offices; CooperSurgical marketing and manufacturing | ||
| Hungary | 330,269 | CooperVision manufacturing and marketing | ||
| Belgium | 273,609 | CooperVision distribution | ||
| Spain | 180,058 | CooperVision distribution and administrative offices; CooperSurgical marketing | ||
| Denmark | 63,787 | CooperSurgical manufacturing, marketing, administrative, research and development offices | ||
| Other EMEA | 228,811 | CooperVision and CooperSurgical marketing and distribution | ||
| ASIA PACIFIC | ||||
| Japan | 113,555 | CooperVision marketing, distribution and administrative offices; CooperSurgical marketing | ||
| Australia | 38,435 | CooperVision marketing, distribution and administrative offices; CooperSurgical laboratory | ||
| Other Asia Pacific | 77,357 | CooperVision and CooperSurgical marketing and distribution |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
Since March 2015, over 50 putative class action complaints were filed by contact lens consumers alleging that contact lens manufacturers, in conjunction with their respective Unilateral Pricing Policy (UPP), conspired to reach agreements between each other and certain distributors and retailers regarding the prices at which certain contact lenses could be sold to consumers. The plaintiffs are seeking damages against CooperVision, Inc., other contact lens manufacturers, distributors and retailers, in various courts around the United States. In June 2015, all of the class action cases were consolidated and transferred to the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. In August 2017, CooperVision entered into a settlement agreement with the plaintiffs, without any admission of liability, to settle all claims against CooperVision. In July 2018, the Court approved the plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary approval of the settlement, and the Company paid the $3.0 million settlement amount into an escrow account. The settlement remains subject to final Court approval at a future hearing currently scheduled for February 25, 2020.
The Company is involved in various lawsuits, claims and other legal matters from time to time that arise in the ordinary course of conducting business, including matters involving our products, intellectual property, supplier relationships, distributors, competitor relationships, employees and other matters. The Company does not believe that the ultimate resolution of these proceedings or claims pending against it could have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. At each reporting period, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 450, Contingencies. Legal fees are expensed as incurred.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Cooper's common stock, par value $0.10 per share, is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “COO.” At November 30, 2019, there were 332 common stockholders of record.
Dividend Policy
Our current policy is to pay annual cash dividends on our common stock of $0.06 per share, in two semiannual payments of $0.03 per share each. In dollar terms, we paid cash for dividends of $3.0 million and $2.9 million in each of fiscal 2019 and 2018 respectively. Dividends are paid when, as and if declared at the discretion of our Board of Directors from funds legally available for that purpose. Our Board of Directors periodically reviews our dividend policy and considers the Company's earnings, financial condition, liquidity needs, business plans and opportunities and other factors in making and setting dividend policy.
Performance Graph
The following graph compares the cumulative total return on Cooper's common stock with the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor 500 and the Standard & Poor's Health Care Equipment Index for the five-year period ended October 31, 2019. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in Cooper and in each index was $100 on October 31, 2014 and assumes that all dividends were reinvested.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among The Cooper Companies, Inc.,
the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Health Care Equipment Index

*$100 invested on October 31, 2014 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending October 31.
Copyright© 2019 Standard & Poor's, a division of S&P Global. All rights reserved.
| October 2014 | October 2015 | October 2016 | October 2017 | October 2018 | October 2019 | ||||||||||||||||||
| The Cooper Companies, Inc. | $ | 100.00 | $ | 92.99 | $ | 107.49 | $ | 146.74 | $ | 157.81 | $ | 177.81 | |||||||||||
| S&P 500 | $ | 100.00 | $ | 105.20 | $ | 109.94 | $ | 135.93 | $ | 145.91 | $ | 166.81 | |||||||||||
| S&P Health Care Equipment | $ | 100.00 | $ | 109.04 | $ | 123.35 | $ | 154.16 | $ | 180.71 | $ | 223.24 |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The Company's share repurchase activity during the three-month period ended October 31, 2019, was as follows:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased | Average Price Paid Per Share | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | ||||||||||
| 8/1/19 – 8/31/19 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 557,400,000 | ||||||||
| 9/1/19 – 9/30/19 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 557,400,000 | ||||||||
| 10/1/19 – 10/31/19 | 512,472 | $ | 292.68 | 512,472 | $ | 407,400,000 | ||||||||
| Total | 512,472 | 512,472 |
The transactions described in the table above represent the repurchase of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange as part of the share repurchase program approved by the Company’s Board of Directors in December 2011 (2012 Share Repurchase Program). The program as amended in December 2012 and December 2013 provides authorization for a total of $500.0 million. In March 2017, the program was amended and approved by the Company's Board of Directors for an increase of $500.0 million, providing authorization for a total of $1.0 billion. Purchases under the 2012 Share Repurchase Program may be made from time-to-time on the open market at prevailing market prices or in privately negotiated transactions and are subject to a review of the circumstances in place at the time and will be made from time to time as permitted by securities laws and other legal requirements. This program has no expiration date and may be discontinued at any time.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, we repurchased a total of 537 thousand shares of common stock for $156.1 million at an average price of $290.67 per share under the repurchase program. At October 31, 2019, approximately $407.4 million remained authorized under the 2012 Share Repurchase Program.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table sets forth certain information as of October 31, 2019, concerning the shares of our Common Stock that may be issued under any form of award granted under our equity compensation plans in effect as of October 31, 2019:
| Plan Category | Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights**(1)** (A) | Weighted-Average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (B) | Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column A) (C) | ||
| Equity compensation plans approved by shareholders(2) | 1,480,021 | $186.24 | 2,280,407 | ||
| Equity compensation plans not approved by shareholders | — | — | — | ||
| Total | 1,480,021 | $186.24 | 2,280,407 |
(1) The amount of total securities to be issued under Company equity plans upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights shown in Column A includes 429,571 Restricted Stock Units granted pursuant to the Company's equity plans. These awards allow for the distribution of shares to the grant recipient upon the completion of time-based vesting periods. The total also includes 25,698 shares representing the maximum number of shares that may be issued subject to Performance Share Awards outstanding as of the end of the fiscal year. Restricted Stock Units and Performance Share Awards do not have an associated exercise price. Accordingly, these awards are not reflected in the weighted-average exercise price disclosed in Column B.
(2) Includes information with respect to the Third Amended and Restated 2007 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Employees of the Cooper Companies, Inc. (2007 LTIP), which was approved by stockholders on March 17, 2016, and provides for the issuance of up to 6,930,000 shares of Common Stock, the Second Amended and Restated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors of the Cooper Companies, Inc. (2006 Directors Plan), which was approved by stockholders on March 16, 2011 and provides for the issuance of up to 950,000 shares of Common Stock , and The Cooper Companies, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (2019 ESPP), which was approved by stockholders on March 18, 2019 and provides for the issuance of 1,000,000 shares. As of October 31, 2019, 1,280,407 shares remained available under the 2007 LTIP, and nil shares remained available under the 2006 Directors Plan, and 1,000,000 shares remained available under the 2019 ESPP.
.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Five Year Financial Highlights
| Years Ended October 31, (In millions, except per share amounts) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | ||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operations | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 2,653.4 | $ | 2,532.8 | $ | 2,139.0 | $ | 1,966.8 | $ | 1,797.1 | |||||||||
| Gross profit | $ | 1,756.8 | $ | 1,632.3 | $ | 1,365.8 | $ | 1,173.1 | $ | 1,070.3 | |||||||||
| Income before income taxes | $ | 477.4 | $ | 331.9 | $ | 394.0 | $ | 295.6 | $ | 215.5 | |||||||||
| Net income attributable to Cooper stockholders | $ | 466.7 | $ | 139.9 | $ | 372.9 | $ | 273.9 | $ | 203.5 | |||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share attributable to stockholders | $ | 9.33 | $ | 2.81 | $ | 7.52 | $ | 5.59 | $ | 4.14 | |||||||||
| Number of shares used to compute diluted earnings per share | 50.0 | 49.7 | 49.6 | 49.0 | 49.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid per share | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | $ | 0.06 | |||||||||
| Consolidated Financial Position | |||||||||||||||||||
| Current assets | $ | 1,163.4 | $ | 1,090.9 | $ | 953.2 | $ | 937.1 | $ | 844.0 | |||||||||
| Property, plant and equipment, net | 1,132.1 | 976.0 | 910.1 | 877.7 | 967.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Goodwill | 2,428.9 | 2,392.1 | 2,354.8 | 2,164.7 | 2,197.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Other intangible assets, net | 1,405.3 | 1,521.3 | 504.7 | 441.1 | 411.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Deferred tax assets and other assets | 144.8 | 132.5 | 135.9 | 58.0 | 43.2 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 6,274.5 | $ | 6,112.8 | $ | 4,858.7 | $ | 4,478.6 | $ | 4,462.5 | ||||||||||
| Short-term debt | $ | 563.7 | $ | 37.1 | $ | 23.4 | $ | 226.3 | $ | 243.8 | |||||||||
| Other current liabilities | 546.9 | 499.4 | 372.7 | 316.9 | 331.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 1,262.6 | 1,985.7 | 1,149.3 | 1,107.4 | 1,105.4 | ||||||||||||||
| Long-term tax payable | 124.8 | 141.5 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 147.9 | 141.3 | 137.5 | 132.1 | 111.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 2,645.9 | 2,805.0 | 1,682.9 | 1,782.7 | 1,792.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | 3,628.6 | 3,307.8 | 3,175.8 | 2,695.9 | 2,669.8 | ||||||||||||||
| $ | 6,274.5 | $ | 6,112.8 | $ | 4,858.7 | $ | 4,478.6 | $ | 4,462.5 |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Note numbers refer to “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for fiscal 2019 compared with fiscal 2018. We discuss our cash flows and current financial condition under “Capital Resources and Liquidity.” For a discussion related to fiscal 2018 compared with fiscal 2017, please refer to Item 7 of Part II, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended October 31, 2018, which was filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on December 21, 2018, and is available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov and our Investor Relations website at investor.coopercos.com.
Within the tables presented, percentages are calculated based on the underlying whole-dollar amounts and, therefore, may not recalculate exactly from the rounded numbers used for disclosure purposes.
Outlook
Overall, we remain optimistic about the long-term prospects for the worldwide contact lens and general health care markets. However, events affecting the economy as a whole, including but not limited to the uncertainty and instability of global markets driven by foreign currency volatility, changes in tax legislation, debt concerns, the uncertainty caused by the United Kingdom's planned withdrawal from the European Union, global trade barriers including additional tariffs and the trend of consolidations within the health care industry, impact our current performance and continue to represent a risk to our future performance.
CooperVision - We compete in the worldwide contact lens market with our spherical, toric and multifocal contact lenses offered in a variety of materials including using silicone hydrogel Aquaform® technology and PC Technology™. We believe that there will be lower contact lens wearer dropout rates as technology improves and enhances the wearing experience through a combination of improved designs and materials and the growth of preferred modalities such as single-use and monthly wearing options. Recent acquisitions also expanded CooperVision's access to myopia management and specialty eye care markets with new products, such as ortho-k and scleral lenses. In November 2019, CooperVision received United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) approval for its MiSight® 1 day lens, which is the first and only FDA-approved product indicated to slow the progression of myopia in children with treatment initiated between the ages of 8-12 and is expected to be available in the United States in 2020. CooperVision is focused on greater worldwide market penetration using recently introduced products, and we continue to expand our presence in existing and emerging markets, including through acquisitions.
CooperVision acquired the following entity during fiscal 2019:
Blanchard Contact Lenses on December 28, 2018 - a privately-held scleral lens company, which expands CooperVision's specialty and scleral lens portfolio.
CooperVision acquired the following entities during fiscal 2018:
Blueyes on January 4, 2018 - a long-standing distribution partner, which had a leading position in the distribution of contact lenses to the optical and pharmacy sector in Israel
| • | Paragon Vision Sciences on December 1, 2017 - a leading provider of ortho-k specialty contact lenses and oxygen permeable rigid contact lens materials. |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Our ability to compete successfully with a full range of silicone hydrogel products is an important factor to achieving our desired future levels of sales growth and profitability. CooperVision manufactures and markets a wide variety of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Our single-use silicone hydrogel product franchises, clariti® and MyDay®, remain a focus as we expect increasing demand for these products, as well as future single-use products as the global contact lens market continues to shift to this modality. Outside of single-use, the Biofinity® and Avaira Vitality® product families comprise our focus in the FRP, or frequent replacement product, market which encompasses the 2-week and monthly modalities. Included in this segment are unique products such as Biofinity Energys®, which helps individuals with digital eye fatigue.
CooperSurgical - Our CooperSurgical business competes in the general health care market with a focus on advancing the health of women, babies and families through a diversified portfolio of products and services focusing on women's health, fertility, diagnostics and contraception. CooperSurgical has established its market presence and distribution system by developing products and acquiring companies, products and services that complement its business model.
CooperSurgical acquired the following entity during fiscal 2019:
Incisive Surgical Inc. on December 31, 2018 - a privately-held U.S. medical device company that develops mechanical surgical solutions for skin closure.
CooperSurgical acquired the following entities and assets during fiscal 2018:
LifeGlobal Group on April 3, 2018 - a privately held company that specializes primarily in IVF media. LifeGlobal’s product categories include media products, IVF laboratory air filtration products and dishware
| • | PARAGARD on November 1, 2017 - CooperSurgical acquired the assets of the PARAGARD IUS business from Teva for $1.1 billion. PARAGARD broadened and strengthened CooperSurgical's women's health product portfolio and it is the only non-hormonal, long lasting, reversible contraceptive option approved by the FDA and available in the United States. IUS represent a large and growing segment of the Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive market. |
We intend to continue investing in CooperSurgical's business with the goal of expanding our integrated solutions model within the areas of women's health, fertility, diagnostics and contraception.
Capital Resources - At October 31, 2019, we had $89.0 million in unrestricted cash, primarily held outside the United States, and $734.8 million available under our 2016 Revolving Credit Facility (as defined below). Debt outstanding at October 31, 2019 consisted of:
| • | $1.0 billion outstanding on a $1.425 billion syndicated Term Loan Agreement (the 2017 Term Loan Agreement) used to fund the acquisition of PARAGARD, which matures on November 1, 2022 |
| • | A $500.0 million 364-day senior unsecured term loan agreement (the 2019 Term Loan Agreement), which matures on September 25, 2020 |
| • | $264.0 million outstanding on a $1.0 billion multi-currency revolving credit facility (the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility), which matures on March 1, 2021. |
See Note 4. Debt of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Transition from LIBOR
The United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), announced in July 2017 that it will no longer persuade or require banks to submit rates for LIBOR after 2021. We have undertaken an assessment of contracts that will be impacted by the transition away from LIBOR. To date, we have identified that substantially all of our term loan and credit facility agreements include an adjusted LIBOR option. We are continuing to evaluate the scope of impacted contracts and the potential impact. We are also monitoring the developments regarding alternative rates and may amend certain contracts to accommodate those rates if the contract does not already specify a replacement rate. While the notional value of agreements potentially indexed to LIBOR is material, we are not yet able to reasonably estimate the expected impact.
We believe that current cash, cash equivalents and future cash flow from operating activities will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs, including working capital needs, capital expenditures and contractual obligations for at least 12 months from the issuance date of the financial statements included in this annual report. To the extent additional funds are necessary to meet our liquidity needs such as that for acquisitions, share repurchases, cash dividends or other activities as we execute our business strategy, we anticipate that additional funds will be obtained through the incurrence of additional indebtedness, additional equity financings or a combination of these potential sources of funds; however, such financing may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
2019 Compared with 2018

Highlights: 2019 vs. 2018
| • | Gross margin increased to 66% of net sales compared with 64% in fiscal 2018 |
| • | Operating income increased 36% to $546.7 million from $403.1 million |
| • | Interest expense decreased to $68.0 million from $82.7 million due to lower average debt balances, partially offset by higher interest rates |
| • | Diluted earnings per share increased 232% to $9.33 from $2.81 |
| • | Operating cash flow increased 7% to $713.2 million from $668.9 million. |
Selected Statistical Information – Percentage of Net Sales
| Years Ended October 31, | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change in Absolute Values | ||||
| Net sales | 100 | % | 100 | % | 5 | % | |
| Cost of sales | 34 | % | 36 | % | — | % | |
| Gross profit | 66 | % | 64 | % | 8 | % | |
| Selling, general and administrative expense | 38 | % | 38 | % | 2 | % | |
| Research and development expense | 3 | % | 3 | % | 2 | % | |
| Amortization of intangibles | 5 | % | 6 | % | (1 | )% | |
| Impairment of intangibles | — | % | 1 | % | — | % | |
| Gain on sale of an intangible | 1 | % | — | % | — | % | |
| Operating income | 21 | % | 16 | % | 36 | % |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Net Sales Growth by Business Unit
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | Increase | 2019 vs 2018 % Change | ||||||||||
| CooperVision | $ | 1,972.9 | $ | 1,882.0 | $ | 90.9 | 5 | % | ||||||
| CooperSurgical | 680.5 | 650.8 | 29.7 | 5 | % | |||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 2,653.4 | $ | 2,532.8 | $ | 120.6 | 5 | % |
CooperVision Net Sales
The contact lens market has two major product categories:
| • | Spherical lenses including lenses that correct near- and farsightedness uncomplicated by more complex visual defects |
| • | Toric and multifocal lenses including lenses that, in addition to correcting near- and farsightedness, address more complex visual defects such as astigmatism and presbyopia by adding optical properties of cylinder and axis, which correct for irregularities in the shape of the cornea. |
CooperVision Net Sales by Category


| ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | |||||||
| Toric | $ | 620.0 | $ | 591.4 | 5 | % | ||||
| Multifocal | 202.9 | 196.6 | 3 | % | ||||||
| Single-use spheres | 568.2 | 520.1 | 9 | % | ||||||
| Non single-use sphere, other | 581.8 | 573.9 | 1 | % | ||||||
| $ | 1,972.9 | $ | 1,882.0 | 5 | % |
In the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019:
| • | Sales growth in fiscal 2019 was largely organic |
| • | Toric lenses grew primarily through the success of Biofinity, clariti and MyDay |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
| • | Multifocal lenses increased in fiscal 2019, compared to fiscal 2018 due to higher Biofinity and clariti sales, partially offset by a decrease in sales of older hydrogel products |
| • | Single-use sphere lenses growth was primarily attributed to clariti and MyDay lenses |
| • | Non-single-use spheres increased in fiscal 2019, compared to fiscal 2018 due to higher Biofinity sales |
| • | "Other" products primarily include lens care which represented approximately 2% of net sales in fiscal 2019 and 2018 |
| • | Increased sales of silicone hydrogel products were partially offset by lower sales of older hydrogel products. Total silicone hydrogel products grew 9% in fiscal 2019, representing 72% of net sales in fiscal 2019 compared to 69% in fiscal 2018 |
| • | Foreign exchange rates negatively impacted sales by approximately $53.6 million in fiscal 2019 and positively impacted sales by $43.9 million in fiscal 2018, primarily attributable to fluctuations in the Euro and British Pound |
| • | Sales growth was primarily driven by increases in the volume of lenses sold. Average realized prices by product did not materially influence sales growth. |
CooperVision Net Sales by Geography
CooperVision competes in the worldwide soft contact lens market and services in three primary regions: the Americas, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and Asia Pacific.
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | |||||||
| Americas | $ | 763.8 | $ | 722.9 | 6 | % | ||||
| EMEA | 746.5 | 744.3 | — | % | ||||||
| Asia Pacific | 462.6 | 414.8 | 12 | % | ||||||
| $ | 1,972.9 | $ | 1,882.0 | 5 | % |
CooperVision's regional growth in Americas, EMEA and Asia Pacific was primarily attributable to market gains of silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Refer to CooperVision Net Sales by Category above for further discussion.
CooperSurgical Net Sales by Category
CooperSurgical supplies the family health care market with a diversified portfolio of products and services. Our office and surgical offerings include products that facilitate surgical and non-surgical procedures that are commonly performed primarily by OB/GYN in hospitals, surgical centers, fertility clinics and medical offices. Fertility offerings include highly specialized products and services that target the IVF process, including diagnostics testing with a goal to make fertility treatment safer, more efficient and convenient.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The chart below shows the percentage of net sales of office and surgical products and fertility.


| ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 vs 2018 % Change | ||||||||
| Office and surgical products | $ | 422.4 | $ | 400.4 | 6 | % | |||||
| Fertility | 258.1 | 250.4 | 3 | % | |||||||
| $ | 680.5 | $ | 650.8 | 5 | % |
In the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019:
| • | Office and surgical products increased compared to prior year due to continued growth in PARAGARD and surgical products, primarily Uterine Manipulators, Surgical Retractors and recently acquired products of Incisive Surgical, partially offset by a decrease in revenue from sales of the Filshie Clip system. On February 1, 2019, the Company agreed to the early termination of an exclusive distribution agreement which had given CooperSurgical the rights to distribute the Filshie Clip System in the United States |
| • | Fertility net sales increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, primarily due to increased sales of IVF consumables, IVF equipment and LifeGlobal products, partially offset by a decrease in diagnostics revenue and exit of the carrier screening and non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) product lines on June 1, 2018 |
| • | Unit growth and product mix positively impacted sales growth. |
Gross Margin
| 2019 | 2018 | ||||
| CooperVision | 65 | % | 66 | % | |
| CooperSurgical | 69 | % | 61 | % | |
| Consolidated | 66 | % | 64 | % |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CooperVision's gross margin decreased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 due to:
| • | the unfavorable impact to revenue from exchange rate fluctuations, primarily attributable to the Euro and British Pound; and product mix |
| • | $14.0 million of costs primarily product transition, integration and manufacturing related costs |
| • | partially offset by an increase in sales of higher margin products including Biofinity |
| • | fiscal 2018 included $10.1 million of costs primarily product transition and manufacturing related costs. |
CooperSurgical's gross margin increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 due to:
| • | an increase in sales of PARAGARD IUS product and inclusion of LifeGlobal products with higher gross margin |
| • | partially offset by $14.2 million of costs, primarily integration and manufacturing related costs |
| • | fiscal 2018 included $49.3 million of PARAGARD and LifeGlobal acquisitions inventory step-up charges |
| • | fiscal 2018 included $16.2 million of costs primarily integration and manufacturing related costs. |
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (SGA)
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | % Net Sales | 2018 | % Net Sales | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | |||||||||||
| CooperVision | $ | 682.4 | 35 | % | $ | 657.2 | 35 | % | 4 | % | ||||||
| CooperSurgical | 266.2 | 39 | % | 259.3 | 40 | % | 3 | % | ||||||||
| Corporate | 47.6 | — | 56.8 | — | (16 | )% | ||||||||||
| $ | 996.2 | 38 | % | $ | 973.3 | 38 | % | 2 | % |
CooperVision's SGA increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 due to investments to support our long-term objectives, including increased headcount in SGA and higher distribution and selling expenses to support revenue growth. CooperVision's SGA in fiscal 2019 included $7.1 million of acquisition costs, integration costs and costs related to new product launches, including that of MiSight. CooperVision's SGA in fiscal 2018 included $8.7 million of integration and third-party consulting costs.
The increase in CooperSurgical's SGA in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to higher PARAGARD advertising and marketing expenses. CooperSurgical's SGA in fiscal 2019, included $19.6 million of acquisition and integration expenses of acquired companies, as well as European Medical Devices Regulation costs. CooperSurgical's SGA in fiscal 2018 included $34.0 million of acquisition and integration expenses of acquired companies and exit costs for the carrier screening and NIPT product lines.
The decrease in Corporate SGA in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to $6.2 million of compensation costs related to executives' retirements in fiscal 2018.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Research and Development Expense (R&D)
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | % Net Sales | 2018 | % Net Sales | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | ||||||||||||
| CooperVision | $ | 55.5 | 3 | % | $ | 54.3 | 3 | % | 2 | % | |||||||
| CooperSurgical | 31.2 | 5 | % | 30.5 | 5 | % | 3 | % | |||||||||
| $ | 86.7 | 3 | % | $ | 84.8 | 3 | % | 2 | % |
CooperVision's R&D increase in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was mainly due to increased costs from clinical studies. As a percentage of sales, R&D expense remained flat. CooperVision's R&D activities are primarily focused on the development of contact lenses, manufacturing technology and process enhancements.
The increase in CooperSurgical's R&D in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to acquisitions, increased investment and activities in developing new products and services and upgrades of existing products. As a percentage of sales, R&D expense remained flat. CooperSurgical's R&D activities include diagnostics, IVF product development, design and upgrade of surgical procedure devices.
Amortization Expense
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | % Net Sales | 2018 | % Net Sales | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | |||||||||||
| CooperVision | $ | 40.9 | 2 | % | $ | 43.6 | 2 | % | (6 | )% | ||||||
| CooperSurgical | 104.9 | 15 | % | 103.1 | 16 | % | 2 | % | ||||||||
| $ | 145.8 | 5 | % | $ | 146.7 | 6 | % | (1 | )% |
CooperVision amortization expense decreased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 due to certain intangible assets becoming fully amortized.
CooperSurgical's amortization expense remained relatively flat.
Impairment of Intangible Assets
In the second quarter of fiscal 2018, CooperSurgical recognized an impairment charge of $24.4 million on the intangible assets acquired from Recombine Inc. In fiscal 2016, CooperSurgical acquired Recombine Inc., a clinical genetic testing company specializing in carrier screening. In connection with the impairment charge, on June 1, 2018, CooperSurgical announced the exit of the carrier screening and NIPT product lines. Both product lines were categorized in Fertility. Exit and restructuring charges which were substantially completed at the end of fiscal 2018, consisted primarily of compensation and benefits to terminated employees, which were approximately $10.0 million. The net loss from both product lines were not material to our consolidated results of operations.
Gain on Sale of an Intangible Asset
In the second quarter of fiscal 2019, CooperSurgical sold an exclusive distribution right to distribute Filshie Clip System in the United States for $21.0 million and recognized a gain of $19.0 million.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Operating Income
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | % Net Sales | 2018 | % Net Sales | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | |||||||||||
| CooperVision | $ | 506.4 | 26 | % | $ | 479.8 | 25 | % | 6 | % | ||||||
| CooperSurgical | 87.9 | 13 | % | (19.9 | ) | (3 | )% | 542 | % | |||||||
| Corporate | (47.6 | ) | — | (56.8 | ) | — | 16 | % | ||||||||
| $ | 546.7 | 21 | % | $ | 403.1 | 16 | % | 36 | % |
CooperVision operating income remained relatively flat as a percentage of net sales but increased in absolute dollars in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 primarily due to improved sales of higher margin products, including Biofinity, partially offset by the negative impact of foreign exchange rates.
CooperSurgical operating income increased in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018, due to an increase in sales of higher margin products, gain of $19.0 million on sale of an intangible asset, as discussed above, and recent acquisitions. CooperSurgical operating income in fiscal 2018 included $49.3 million of PARAGARD and LifeGlobal acquisitions inventory step-up charges and an intangible asset impairment charge of $24.4 million.
The decrease of Corporate operating loss in fiscal 2019 compared to fiscal 2018 was primarily due to higher compensation costs related to executives' retirements which impacted the prior year.
On a consolidated basis, operating income increased due to the factors above.
Interest Expense
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | % Net Sales | 2018 | % Net Sales | 2019 vs. 2018 % Change | |||||||||||
| Interest expense | $ | 68.0 | 3 | % | $ | 82.7 | 3 | % | (18 | )% |
Interest expense remained relatively flat as a percentage of net sales and decreased in absolute dollar, primarily due to lower average debt balances, partially offset by higher interest rates compared to prior year period. Fiscal 2019 interest expense included $0.8 million of write off of debt issuance costs on early repayment of the 2018 term loan. Fiscal 2018 interest expense included $2.5 million write off of debt issuance costs related to partial prepayments of the 2016 term loan and $1.7 million of Bridge Loan Facility fees that were incurred related to the PARAGARD acquisition.
Other Expense (Income), Net
| ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||
| Foreign exchange loss | $ | 2.2 | $ | 3.4 | |||
| Other income, net | (0.9 | ) | (14.9 | ) | |||
| $ | 1.3 | $ | (11.5 | ) |
Foreign exchange loss primarily resulted from the revaluation and settlement of foreign currencies-denominated balances.
Other income in fiscal 2018 is primarily from the realization of a Puerto Rico research and development credit of $14.2 million.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Provision for Income Taxes
The Company’s effective tax rate (ETR) was 2.3%, 57.9%, and 5.3% for fiscal 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively. The ETR in fiscal 2019 decreased in comparison to fiscal 2018 primarily due to the net charge related to the enactment of the 2017 Act which was recorded in fiscal 2018, tax benefits from audit settlements in fiscal 2019, and additional taxes in the United States from the inclusion of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries pursuant to the GILTI provisions that became effective in fiscal 2019. The ETR in fiscal 2018 increased in comparison to fiscal 2017 primarily due to the net charge related to the enactment of the 2017 Act which was partially offset by a shift in the geographic mix of income.
The ETR for 2019 was less than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to a majority of our taxable income being earned in foreign jurisdictions with lower tax rates, discrete tax benefits from settling income tax audits, excess tax benefits from share-based compensation, and additional taxes in the United States from the inclusion of earnings from our foreign subsidiaries pursuant to the GILTI provisions. The ETR for 2018 was greater than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate primarily due to the tax expense related to the enactment of the 2017 Act. The ETR for 2017 was less than the U.S. federal statutory tax rate because a majority of our taxable income was earned in foreign jurisdictions with lower tax rates and excess tax benefits from share-based compensation. The ratio of domestic income to worldwide income significantly impacted our overall tax rate due to the fact that the tax rates in some of the foreign jurisdictions where we operate are significantly lower than the statutory rate in the United States. The foreign jurisdictions with lower tax rates compared to the U.S. federal statutory tax rate that had the most significant impact on our provision for foreign income taxes in the fiscal years presented include the United Kingdom, Barbados and Puerto Rico. See Note 5. Income Taxes of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
ASC 740, Income Taxes, requires companies to recognize the effect of the tax law changes in the period of enactment. However, in December 2017, the SEC provided regulatory guidance for accounting of the 2017 Act referred to as Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) 118. Under the guidance in SAB 118, we recognized in fiscal 2018 a provisional amount of $214.6 million as a reasonable estimate of the impact of the provisions of the 2017 Act. As of January 31, 2019, we completed our accounting for the tax effects of the enactment of the 2017 Act and did not recognize any material adjustments to the provisional tax expense previously recorded.
Share-Based Compensation Plans
We grant various share-based compensation awards, including stock options, performance shares and restricted stock units. The share-based compensation and related income tax benefit recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements in fiscal 2019 was $36.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively, compared to $43.2 million and $8.8 million, respectively, in fiscal 2018. As of October 31, 2019, there was $86.5 million of total unrecognized share-based compensation cost related to non-vested awards. See Note 8. Stock Plans of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
We estimate the fair value of each stock option award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model, which requires management to make estimates regarding expected option life, stock price volatility and other assumptions. The use of different assumptions could lead to a different estimate of fair value. The expected life of the stock option is based on the observed and expected time to post-vesting forfeiture and/or exercise. Groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior are considered separately for valuation purposes. If our assumption for the expected life increased by one year, the fair value of an individual option granted in fiscal 2019 would have increased by approximately $7.62. To determine the stock price volatility, management considers implied volatility from publicly-
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
traded options on the Company's stock at the date of grant, historical volatility and other factors. If our assumption for stock price volatility increased by one percentage point, the fair value of an individual option granted in fiscal 2019 would have increased by approximately $1.88.
As of October 31, 2019, the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Non-Employee Directors has expired and no shares remain available under this plan for future grants.
Retirement Income Plan Soft Freeze
On June 18, 2019 the Board of Directors of the Company approved a soft freeze of the Plan effective August 1, 2019. The Plan was closed to employees hired on or after August 1, 2019, including former participants or employees rehired on or after August 1, 2019 and employees hired in connection with a stock or asset acquisition, merger or other similar transaction on or after August 1, 2019. Existing employees already covered by the Plan, continue to accrue their benefits. There is no material impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position and cash flows for the fiscal 2019.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
On March 18, 2019, the Company received stockholder approval of the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP). The first offering period is for U.S. employees and began on November 4, 2019. The purpose of the ESPP is to provide eligible employees of the Company with the opportunity to acquire shares of common stock at 85% of the market price on the last business day of each offering period by means of accumulated payroll deductions. Payroll deductions will be limited to a maximum of 15% of the employee’s eligible compensation, not to exceed $21.3 thousand in any one calendar year. The ESPP would initially authorize the issuance of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. These shares will be made available from shares of common stock reacquired by the Company as Treasury Stock. At October 31, 2019, there were approximately 4.1 million shares of Treasury Stock.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
CAPITAL RESOURCES AND LIQUIDITY
2019 Highlights
| • | Operating cash flow of $713.2 million up from $668.9 million in fiscal 2018 |
| • | Expenditures for purchases of property, plant and equipment of $292.1 million up from $193.6 million in fiscal 2018 |
| • | Cash payments for acquisitions and others of, $59.2 million compared to $1,323.9 million in fiscal 2018 |
| • | Total debt, net of debt issuance cost, at $1.8 billion at the end of fiscal 2019 compared to $2.0 billion at the end of fiscal 2018 |
Comparative Statistics
| Years Ended October 31, ($ in millions) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 89.0 | $ | 77.7 | |||
| Total assets | $ | 6,274.5 | $ | 6,112.8 | |||
| Working capital | $ | 52.8 | $ | 554.4 | |||
| Total debt | $ | 1,826.3 | $ | 2,022.8 | |||
| Stockholders’ equity | $ | 3,628.5 | $ | 3,307.8 | |||
| Ratio of debt to equity | 0.50:1 | 0.61:1 | |||||
| Debt as a percentage of total capitalization | 33 | % | 38 | % |
Working Capital
The decrease in working capital at October 31, 2019 from the end of fiscal 2018 was primarily due to:
| • | increase in short-term debt $526.6 million, primarily from the $500 million 2019 Term Loan Agreement entered into on September 27, 2019 |
| • | decrease of $37.5 million in prepaid expense and other current assets, primarily due to a $29.0 million refund from the U.K. Tax Authorities in the current year |
| • | increase in other current liabilities of $33.1 million due to timing of payments |
| • | increase in employee compensation and benefits of $10.7 million, partially offset by; |
| • | increase in cash $11.3 million |
| • | increase in accounts receivables $60.6 million from increased revenue |
| • | increase in inventories $38.1 million. |
At October 31, 2019, our inventory months on hand were 6.4 compared to 6.3 at October 31, 2018. The $38.1 million increase in inventories was primarily due to increase in finished goods and raw materials to support demand and production levels.
Our days sales outstanding (DSO) was 56 days at October 31, 2019 compared to 53 days at October 31, 2018. The increase in DSO from October 31, 2018 to October 31, 2019 was primarily due to increased revenue and timing of collections.
We are no longer asserting that cash from our foreign operations are indefinitely reinvested which allows more flexibility in using cash from our foreign operations to fund future working capital in the United States.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Operating Cash Flow
Cash provided by operating activities increased by $44.3 million from $668.9 million in fiscal 2018 to $713.2 million in fiscal 2019. This increase in cash flow provided by operating activities primarily consists of:
| • | increase in net income of $326.8 million from a net income of $139.9 million in fiscal 2018 to $466.7 million in fiscal 2019; fiscal 2018 net income was unfavorably impacted by a $214.6 million tax expense charge related to the 2017 Act |
| • | $104.7 million increase in the net changes in prepayments and other assets primarily due to a $42.0 million payment to the U.K. Tax Authorities in the prior year period compared to a $29.0 million refund in the current year, partially offset by |
| • | $192.9 million decrease in the net changes in other long-term liabilities, primarily due to a decrease in the provisional tax liability for the mandatory deemed repatriation of deferred foreign earnings under the 2017 Act of $141.5 million in fiscal 2018 |
| • | $50.4 million decrease of step-up charges related to inventory acquired mainly from PARAGARD in fiscal 2018 |
| • | $48.1 million decrease in the net changes in accrued liabilities |
| • | $32.3 million decrease in the net changes in inventories, driven by acquisitions and higher raw materials to support production levels |
| • | decrease of $24.0 million in impairment of intangibles, from $24.4 million in fiscal 2018 to $0.4 million in fiscal 2019, primarily due to an impairment charge recognized by CooperSurgical on its exit from the carrier screening and NIPT product lines in fiscal 2018 |
| • | increase of $19.0 million due to a gain on sale of an intangible asset, representing the sale by CooperSurgical of the Filshie Clip exclusive distribution right |
| • | $18.8 million decrease in the net changes in deferred taxes |
| • | $10.8 million decrease in the net changes in provision for doubtful accounts. |
Investing Cash Flow
Cash used in investing activities decreased by $1,166.2 million to $351.3 million in fiscal 2019 from $1,517.5 million in fiscal 2018 due to:
| • | decrease of $1,264.7 million in payments made for acquisitions in fiscal 2019 compared to the prior year period, largely due to the acquisition of PARAGARD at $1.1 billion in first quarter of fiscal 2018, partially offset by; |
| • | increase of $98.5 million in capital expenditures primarily used to invest in the expansion of our manufacturing capacity. |
Financing Cash Flow
Cash provided by financing activities decreased by $1,195.8 million to $351.4 million cash outflow in fiscal 2019 compared to $844.4 million cash inflow in fiscal 2018, primarily due to:
| • | $1,561.0 million decrease of net proceeds from long-term debt primarily due to additional debt taken on to fund the PARAGARD acquisition in fiscal 2018 |
| • | $156.1 million was used for share repurchases in fiscal 2019 compared to nil in the fiscal 2018, partially offset by; |
| • | $511.7 million increase in short-term notes payable, primarily due to $500 million short term loan taken on September 27, 2019 |
| • | $5.9 million increase in the net proceeds related to share-based compensation awards. |
The 2019 Term Loan Agreement and the 2017 Term Loan Agreement contain customary restrictive covenants, as well as financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a certain Total Leverage
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Ratio and Interest Coverage Ratio (each as defined in the 2019 Term Loan Agreement and the 2017 Term Loan Agreement, respectively), consistent with the 2016 Credit Agreement. As defined in the 2019 Term Loan Agreement, the 2017 Term Loan Agreement and the 2016 Credit Agreement, we are required to maintain an Interest Coverage Ratio of at least 3.00 to 1.00, and a Total Leverage Ratio of no higher than 3.75 to 1.00. At October 31, 2019, we were in compliance with the Interest Coverage Ratio at 13.82 to 1.00 and the Total Leverage Ratio at 1.85 to 1.00.
At October 31, 2019, we had $500.0 million outstanding under the 2019 Term Loan Agreement, $1.0 billion outstanding under the 2017 Term Loan Agreement, $264.0 million outstanding under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility and $734.8 million available under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility.
At October 31, 2019, we had $89.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, predominantly outside the United States.
Share Repurchases
In December 2011, our Board of Directors authorized the 2012 Share Repurchase Program and through subsequent amendments, the most recent in March 2017, the total repurchase authorization was increased from $500.0 million to $1.0 billion of the Company's common stock. The program has no expiration date and may be discontinued at any time.
In the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we repurchased 512 thousand shares of the Company's common stock for $150.0 million, at an average purchase price of $292.7 per share. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, we repurchased 537 thousand shares of our common stock for $156.1 million under the 2012 Share Repurchase Program. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2018, we did not repurchase any shares. At October 31, 2019, $407.4 million remained authorized for repurchase under the program.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
None.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS AND COMMERCIAL COMMITMENTS
As of October 31, 2019, we had the following contractual obligations and commercial commitments:
| Payments Due by Period (In millions) | Total | 2020 | 2021 & 2022 | 2023 & 2024 | 2025 & Beyond | ||||||||||||||
| Contractual obligations: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 1,264.2 | $ | — | $ | 264.2 | $ | 1,000.0 | $ | — | |||||||||
| Interest payments | 112.5 | 47.8 | 64.6 | 0.1 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Operating leases | 332.2 | 38.4 | 65.9 | 54.3 | 173.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Transition tax on unremitted foreign earnings and profits (1) | 135.8 | 11.8 | 23.6 | 23.6 | 76.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Purchase obligation (2) | 96.0 | 83.7 | 11.8 | 0.5 | — | ||||||||||||||
| Defined benefit plan (3) | 118.3 | 8.7 | 20.0 | 22.9 | 66.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Total contractual obligations | 2,059.0 | 190.4 | 450.1 | 1,101.4 | 317.1 | ||||||||||||||
| Commercial commitments: | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stand-by letters of credit | 4.8 | 4.8 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,063.8 | $ | 195.2 | $ | 450.1 | $ | 1,101.4 | $ | 317.1 |
(1) As of October 31, 2019, we had recorded $135.8 million of income tax liabilities related to the one-time transition tax that resulted from the enactment of the 2017 Act, which will be payable in seven annual installments. The installment for 2020 is classified as a current income tax payable on our consolidated balance sheet.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The expected future benefit payments for pension plans through 2028 are disclosed in Note 9. Employee Benefits of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
We are unable to reliably estimate the timing of future payments related to uncertain tax positions; therefore, about $49.7 million of our long-term income taxes payable have been excluded from the table above. However, other long-term liabilities, included in our consolidated balance sheet, include these uncertain tax positions. See Note 6. Income Taxes of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
(2) Purchase obligations consist of agreements to purchase goods and services that are enforceable and legally binding and includes obligations for inventory, capital expenditures, information technology and other operating expense commitments.
(3) See Note 9, "Employee Benefits" for more information.
Inflation and Changing Prices
Inflation has had no appreciable effect on our operations in the last three fiscal years.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Accounting Pronouncements
Information regarding new accounting pronouncements is included in Note 1. Accounting Policies of the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Estimates and Critical Accounting Policies
Management estimates and judgments are an integral part of financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP). We believe that the critical accounting policies described in this section address the more significant estimates required of management when preparing the Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP. We consider an accounting estimate critical if changes in the estimate may have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We believe that the accounting estimates employed are appropriate and resulting balances are reasonable; however, actual results could differ from the original estimates, requiring adjustment to these balances in future periods.
| • | Revenue recognition - We recognize revenue from product sales when obligations under the terms of a contract with the customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs with the transfer of control of the goods to customers and/or when services are rendered. Our payment terms are typically between 30 to 120 days. Provisions for certain rebates, sales incentives, volume discounts, contractual pricing allowances and product returns are accounted for as variable consideration and recorded as a reduction in sales. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the Accounting Standards Update related to revenue, which was adopted in 2019. |
Product discounts, including certain rebates, sales incentives, and volume discounts are granted based on terms of the arrangement with direct distribution customers and at times the indirect end consumer. We evaluate contractual terms, historical experience, and perform internal analysis to estimate total product discounts at the time revenue is recognized. Our PARAGARD program is subject to Medicaid rebates, which are estimated at the time of sale based upon the difference between current retail pricing and contractual Medicaid pricing and an estimate of the number of units that will be sold to Medicaid patients, which is informed by historical trends of claim history.
Sales returns are estimated and recorded based on historical sales return data. Promotional programs, such as cooperative advertising arrangements, are recorded in the same period as related sales. Reasonably likely changes to assumptions used to calculate the accruals for rebates, sales incentives, volume discounts, contractual pricing allowances and product returns are not anticipated to have a material effect on the financial statements. We currently disclose the impact of changes to assumptions in the quarterly or annual filing in which there is a material financial statement impact.
| • | Valuation of goodwill - Effective April 30, 2019, there was a change in the reporting units as a result of realignment in the internal reporting structure of the business around markets and customers at CooperSurgical. As such, Cooper Surgical has evolved into two reporting units, namely, Office/Surgical and Fertility, which reflects management oversight of operations. The change in reporting units did not result in a change in operating segments. We allocated CooperSurgical's goodwill based on relative fair values utilizing the discounted cash flow method and guideline public company method as our allocation base. The key assumptions and estimates for the market and income approaches used to determine fair value of the reporting units included market data and market multiples, discount rates and terminal growth rates, as well as future levels of revenue growth, and operating margins, which were based upon the Company’s strategic plan. The allocated fair values exceeded the carrying values for each of the three reporting units |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
as of April 30, 2019. Our reporting units are CooperVision, Office/Surgical and Fertility reflecting the current way we manage our business.
We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually during the fiscal third quarter and when an event occurs or circumstances change such that it is reasonably possible that impairment may exist. We account for goodwill and evaluate our goodwill balances and test them for impairment in accordance with related accounting standards. We performed our annual impairment assessment in our third quarter of fiscal 2019 and 2018, and our analysis indicated that we had no impairment of goodwill in our reporting units.
Goodwill impairment analysis and measurement is a process that requires significant judgment. If our common stock price trades below book value per share, there are changes in market conditions or a future downturn in our business, or a future goodwill impairment test indicates an impairment of our goodwill, we may have to recognize a non-cash impairment of goodwill that could be material and could adversely affect our results of operations in the period recognized and also adversely affect our total assets and stockholders' equity.
We test goodwill impairment in accordance with ASU 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. We perform a qualitative assessment to test each reporting unit's goodwill for impairment. Qualitative factors considered in this assessment include industry and market considerations, overall financial performance and other relevant events and factors affecting each reporting unit. Based on our qualitative assessment, if we determine that the fair value of a reporting unit is more likely than not to be less than its carrying amount, the fair value of a reporting unit will be compared with its carrying amount and an impairment charge will be recognized for the amount that the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit. A reporting unit is the level of reporting at which goodwill is tested for impairment.
| • | Business combinations - We routinely consummate business combinations. Results of operations for acquired companies are included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition. We recognize separately from goodwill, the identifiable assets acquired, including acquired in-process research and development, the liabilities assumed, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the acquisition date fair values as defined by accounting standards related to fair value measurements. Key assumptions routinely utilized in allocation of purchase price to intangible assets include projected financial information such as revenue projections for companies acquired. As of the acquisition date, goodwill is measured as the excess of consideration given, over the net of the acquisition date fair values of the identifiable assets acquired and the liabilities assumed. Direct acquisition costs are expensed as incurred. |
| • | Income taxes - We account for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, and for tax losses and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. |
As part of the process of preparing our Consolidated Financial Statements, we must estimate our income tax expense for each of the jurisdictions in which we operate. This process requires significant management judgments and involves estimating our current tax exposures in each jurisdiction including the impact, if any, of additional taxes resulting from tax examinations as well as judging the recoverability of deferred tax assets. To the extent recovery of deferred tax
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
assets is not likely based on our estimation of future taxable income in each jurisdiction, a valuation allowance is established. Tax exposures can involve complex issues and may require an extended period to resolve. Frequent changes in tax laws in each jurisdiction complicate future estimates. To determine the tax rate, we use the full-year income and the related income tax expense in each jurisdiction. We update the estimated effective tax rate for the effect of significant unusual items as they are identified. Changes in the geographic mix or estimated level of annual pre-tax income can affect the overall effective tax rate, and such changes could be material.
We file income tax returns in all jurisdictions in which we operate. We record a liability for uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns. Our financial statements reflect expected future tax consequences of such positions presuming the taxing authorities' full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. We record a liability for the portion of unrecognized tax benefits claimed that we have determined are not more-likely-than-not realizable. These tax reserves have been established based on management's assessment as to the potential exposure attributable to our uncertain tax positions as well as interest and penalties attributable to these uncertain tax positions. All tax reserves are analyzed quarterly and adjustments are made as events occur that result in changes in judgment.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Trademarks
Aquaform®, Avaira®, Avaira Vitality®, Biofinity®, MyDay®, MiSight®, ActiveControl® and Proclear® are registered trademarks of The Cooper Companies, Inc., its affiliates and/or subsidiaries. PC Technology™ and FIPS™ are trademarks of The Cooper Companies, Inc., its affiliates and/or subsidiaries. The clariti® mark is a registered trademark of The Cooper Companies, Inc., its affiliates and/or subsidiaries worldwide except in the United States where the use of clariti® is licensed. PARAGARD® is a registered trademark of CooperSurgical, Inc.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks that relate principally to changes in interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations. To the extent reasonable and practical, we may decide to reduce the risk of changing interest rates and foreign currency fluctuations on the underlying exposure by entering into interest rate swaps and foreign currency forward exchange contracts, respectively. We do not emphasize such transactions to the same degree as some other companies with international operations. We do not enter into derivative financial instrument transactions for speculative purposes.
We operate multiple foreign subsidiaries that manufacture and market our products worldwide. As a result, our earnings, cash flow and financial position are exposed to foreign currency risk from foreign currency denominated receivables and payables, sales transactions, capital expenditures and net investment in certain foreign operations. Most of our operations outside the United States have their local currency as their functional currency. We are exposed to risks caused by changes in foreign exchange, principally our British pound sterling, euro and Japanese yen denominated debt and receivables denominated in currencies other than the United States dollar, and from operations in other foreign currencies. Although we may enter into foreign exchange agreements with financial institutions to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency values relative to our debt or receivables obligations, these hedging transactions do not eliminate that risk entirely. During fiscal 2019, there were no hedging transactions. At October 31, 2019, a uniform hypothetical 5% increase or decrease in the foreign currency exchange rates in comparison to the United States dollar would have resulted in a corresponding increase or decrease in approximately $34.1 million in operating income for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019. For additional information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors - "Our substantial and expanding international operations are subject to uncertainties which could affect our operating results.” and See Note 1. Accounting Policies of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
We are also exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates, as the interest rates on our revolving lines of credit and term loans may vary with the federal funds rate and LIBOR. We may decrease this interest rate risk by hedging a portion of variable rate debt effectively converting it to fixed rate debt for varying periods. As of October 31, 2019, we did not have any derivative assets or liabilities, including no interest rate swaps, cross currency swaps or foreign currency forward contracts.
On November 1, 2018, we entered into a 364-day, $400.0 million, senior unsecured term loan agreement by and among us, the lenders party thereto and PNC Bank, National Association, as administrative agent which was scheduled to mature on October 31, 2019 (the 2018 Term Loan Agreement). We used the funds to partially repay outstanding borrowings under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility.
On September 27, 2019, we extended the maturity of the 2018 Term Loan Agreement to September 25, 2020 and increased the amount to $500.0 million (as so amended, the 2019 Term Loan Agreement). We used the additional funds to partially repay outstanding borrowings under the 2017 Term Loan Agreement. At October 31, 2019, we had $500.0 million outstanding under the 2019 Term Loan Agreement.
On November 1, 2017, in connection with the PARAGARD acquisition, we entered into a five-year, $1.425 billion, senior unsecured term loan agreement (the 2017 Term Loan Agreement) by and among us,
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
the lenders party thereto and DNB Bank ASA, New York Branch, as administrative agent which matures on November 1, 2022. We used part of the facility to fund the PARAGARD acquisition and used the remainder of the funds to partially repay outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit agreement. At October 31, 2019, we had $1.0 billion outstanding under the 2017 Term Loan Agreement.
On March 1, 2016, we entered into a syndicated Revolving Credit and Term Loan Agreement (the 2016 Credit Agreement) with KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent. The 2016 Credit Agreement provides for a multicurrency revolving credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion (the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility) and a term loan facility in the aggregate principal amount of $830.0 million (the 2016 Term Loan Facility). The 2016 Credit Agreement replaced our previous credit agreement and funds from the 2016 Term Loan Facility were used to repay the outstanding amounts under the previous credit agreement, to partially repay our other outstanding term loans and for general corporate purposes. At October 31, 2019, we had no outstanding balance under the 2016 Term Loan Facility and $264.0 million outstanding under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility. $734.8 million was available under the 2016 Revolving Credit Facility. The 2016 Term Loan Facility was repaid using funds borrowed under the 2017 Term Loan Agreement. The 2016 Revolving Credit Facility will mature on March 1, 2021.
See Note 4. Debt of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
| October 31, (In millions) | 2019 | 2018 | |||||
| Short-term debt | $ | 563.7 | $ | 37.1 | |||
| Long-term debt | 1,264.2 | 1,989.2 | |||||
| Less: unamortized debt issuance cost | (1.6 | ) | (3.5 | ) | |||
| Total | $ | 1,826.3 | $ | 2,022.8 |
At October 31, 2019, the scheduled maturities of our variable rate long-term debt obligations, their weighted average interest rates:
| Expected Maturity Date Fiscal Year ($ in millions) | 2020 | 2021 | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 | Thereafter | Total | Fair Value | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable interest rate | $ | — | $ | 264.2 | $ | — | $ | 1,000.0 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,264.2 | $1,264.2 | ||||||||||||||
| Average interest rate | — | 3.2 | % | — | 3.2 | % | — | — |
As the table incorporates only those exposures that existed as of October 31, 2019, it does not consider those exposures or positions which could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss with respect to interest rate fluctuations will depend on interest rates, the exposures that arise during the period and our hedging strategies at that time. As of October 31, 2019, we had no outstanding interest rate swaps. If interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1% or 100 basis points, annual interest expense would increase or decrease by approximately $19.6 million based on average debt outstanding for fiscal 2019. For further information about our debt, see Item 1A. Risk Factors - “We are vulnerable to interest rate risk with respect to our debt.” and Note 1. Accounting Policies and Note 4. Debt of the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
The Cooper Companies, Inc.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Cooper Companies, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2019 and the related notes and financial statement Schedule II (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of October 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended October 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2019 based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting appearing under item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgment. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Assessment of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits
As discussed in Notes 1 and 5 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has recorded a liability for gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding associated interest and penalties, of $49.7 million as of October 31, 2019. Unrecognized tax benefits are recorded when there is a greater than 50% likelihood that a position taken on the Company’s tax returns would not be sustained upon examination by the relevant taxing authority, based solely on the technical merits of the tax position.
We identified the assessment of gross unrecognized tax benefits as a critical audit matter. Evaluating the Company’s interpretation of tax law and its identification and estimate of uncertain tax positions, including transfer pricing related to its international operations, required complex auditor judgment.
The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included the following. We tested certain internal controls over the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefit process, including controls related to the interpretation of tax law, identification of unrecognized tax benefits, and measurement of related liabilities. We involved tax and valuation professionals with specialized skills and knowledge, who assisted in:
| • | evaluating the Company’s tax planning strategies and its interpretation and application of tax laws, |
| • | assessing transfer pricing studies for transactions between subsidiaries of the Company for compliance with applicable laws and regulations and evaluating the transfer prices based on observations f |
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company has established and currently maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the Securities and Exchange Commission and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving desired control objectives. In reaching a reasonable level of assurance, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.
In conjunction with the close of each fiscal quarter, the Company conducts a review and evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer (our Principal Executive Officer) and Chief Financial Officer (our Principal Financial Officer), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. The Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer based upon their evaluation as of October 31, 2019, the end of the fiscal period covered in this report, concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.
Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements, errors or fraud.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2019, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013). Based on this assessment, management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company's internal control over financial reporting was effective as of October 31, 2019.
The Company's independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has audited the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of October 31, 2019, as stated in their report in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the Company's fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2019, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Subsequent to the year end, the Company will adopt ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), as discussed in Note 1. “Accounting Policies, Accounting Pronouncements Issued Not Yet Adopted” in our fiscal year and interim periods beginning on November 1, 2019. The Company will adopt the standard using the optional transition method and will record a cumulative-effect adjustment to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of November 1, 2019. The Company has implemented changes to certain business processes, systems and internal controls to support adoption of the new standard and the related disclosure requirements, including the implementation of a third-party leasing software solution.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the subheadings, “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors,” “Executive Officers of the Company,” “Corporate Governance - Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports ,” “Corporate Governance - About Our Board of Directors,” “Corporate Governance - Identification of Candidates,” “Corporate Governance - Corporate Governance Policies - Ethics and Business Conduct Policy,” “Corporate Governance - Board Committees - The Audit Committee” and “Report of the Audit Committee” of the Company's Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held in March 2020 (2020 Proxy Statement).
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the subheadings “Report of the Organization and Compensation Committee,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Compensation Tables” “Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control,” “Director Compensation” and “Corporate Governance - Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” of the 2020 Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
See Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters - Equity Compensation Plan Information. Additional information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the subheadings “Securities Held by Insiders” and “Principal Securityholders” of the “Ownership of the Company” section of the 2020 Proxy Statement.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the subheadings “Corporate Governance - Related Party Transactions,” “Proposal 1 - Election of Directors” and “Corporate Governance - About Our Board of Directors” of the 2020 Proxy Statement.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to “Report of the Audit Committee” section of the 2020 Proxy Statement.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The following financial statements are filed as a part of this report:
Report of KPMG LLP, Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Financial Statements:
Statements of Income for the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Statements of Comprehensive Income for the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Balance Sheets as of October 31, 2019 and 2018
Statements of Stockholders' Equity for the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
- Financial Statement Schedules of the Company.
Schedule Number Description
Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(b) Exhibits.
The exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed as part of this report.
All other schedules which are included in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required here because they are not applicable.
Schedule II
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
Three Years Ended October 31, 2019
| (In millions) | Balance Beginning of Year | Additions Charged to Costs and Expenses | (Deductions) Recoveries/ Other (1) | Balance at End of Year | |||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts: | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 19.0 | $ | 1.6 | $ | (4.2 | ) | $ | 16.4 | ||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | $ | 10.8 | $ | 11.5 | $ | (3.3 | ) | $ | 19.0 | ||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | $ | 8.5 | $ | 2.6 | $ | (0.3 | ) | $ | 10.8 |
(1) Consists of additions representing allowances and recoveries, less deductions representing receivables written off as uncollectible.
| (In millions) | Balance Beginning of Year | Additions | Reductions/ Charges (2) | Balance at End of Year | |||||||||||
| Deferred income tax valuation allowance: | |||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 39.1 | $ | 3.9 | $ | (1.5 | ) | $ | 41.5 | ||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | $ | 59.1 | $ | 2.8 | $ | (22.8 | ) | $ | 39.1 | ||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | $ | 13.3 | $ | 45.9 | $ | (0.1 | ) | $ | 59.1 |
| (2) | Fiscal year 2018 reductions includes $16.5 million of valuation allowance from prior years as a result of the sale of investment in research and development credits. |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
EXHIBIT INDEX
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
| (a) | The agreement received confidential treatment from the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Commission. |
| # | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan. |
- The certifications attached as Exhibits 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Annual Report on Form 10-K are not deemed filed with the SEC and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of The Cooper Companies, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Form 10-K, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.
None.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on December 20, 2019.
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC.
By: /s/ Albert G. White, III
Albert G. White, III
President & Chief Executive Officer
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on the dates set forth opposite their respective names.
| Signature | Capacity | Date | ||
| /s/ ALBERT G. WHITE, III | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer) | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Albert G. White, III) | ||||
| /s/ A. THOMAS BENDER | Chairman of the Board | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (A. Thomas Bender) | ||||
| /s/ ALLAN E. RUBENSTEIN, M.D. | Vice Chairman of the Board and Lead Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Allan E. Rubenstein) | ||||
| /s/ BRIAN G. ANDREWS | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Brian G. Andrews) | (Principal Financial Officer) | |||
| /s/ AGOSTINO RICUPATI | Chief Accounting Officer & Senior Vice President, Finance & Tax | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Agostino Ricupati) | (Principal Accounting Officer) | |||
| /s/ COLLEEN E. JAY | Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Colleen E. Jay) | ||||
| /s/ MICHAEL H. KALKSTEIN | Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Michael H. Kalkstein) | ||||
| /s/ WILLIAM A. KOZY | Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (William A. Kozy) | ||||
| /s/ JODY S. LINDELL | Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Jody S. Lindell) | ||||
| /s/ GARY S. PETERSMEYER | Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Gary S. Petersmeyer) | ||||
| /s/ ROBERT S. WEISS | Director | December 20, 2019 | ||
| (Robert S. Weiss) |
THE COOPER COMPANIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CORPORATE INFORMATION
| BOARD OF DIRECTORS A. Thomas Bender Chairman of the Board Allan E. Rubenstein, M.D. Vice Chairman and Lead Director, Chairman of the Board, CalAsia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Colleen E. Jay Director Michael H. Kalkstein Of Counsel, Palo Alto Office, Dechert LLP William A. Kozy Director Jody S. Lindell President and Chief Executive Officer, S.G. Management, Inc. Gary S. Petersmeyer Director Robert S. Weiss Director Albert G. White, III President & Chief Executive Officer COMMITTEES OF THE BOARD Audit Committee Jody S. Lindell (Chairman) Michael H. Kalkstein William A. Kozy Gary Petersmeyer Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee Allan E. Rubenstein, M.D. (Chairman) Michael H. Kalkstein William A. Kozy Colleen E. Jay Organization and Compensation Committee Michael H. Kalkstein (Chairman) Colleen E. Jay Jody S. Lindell Gary S. Petersmeyer | EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Albert G. White, III President and Chief Executive Officer Randal L. Golden Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel Agostino Ricupati Senior Vice President Finance and Tax, and Chief Accounting Officer Brian G. Andrews Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer & Treasurer Holly Sheffield Executive Vice President and Chief Strategy Officer Robert D. Auerbach, M.D President of CooperSurgical, Inc. Daniel G. McBride, Esq. Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer; President of CooperVision, Inc. PRINCIPAL SUBSIDIARIES CooperVision, Inc. 6101 Bollinger Canyon Road Suite 500 San Ramon, CA 94583 925-460-3600 www.coopervision.com CooperSurgical, Inc. 75 Corporate Drive Trumbull, CT 06611 203-601-5200 www.coopersurgical.com CORPORATE OFFICES The Cooper Companies, Inc. 6101 Bollinger Canyon Road Suite 500 San Ramon, CA 94583 925-460-3600 www.coopercos.com | INVESTOR INFORMATION Recent news releases, the annual report on Securities and Exchange Commission Form 10-K, information about the Company's corporate governance program, recent investor presentations, replays of quarterly conference calls and historical stock quotes are available on our Web site at www.coopercos.com. INVESTOR RELATIONS CONTACT Kim Duncan Vice President of Investor Relations & Administration 6101 Bollinger Canyon Road Suite 500 San Ramon, CA 94583 Voice: 925-460-3663 E-mail: ir@cooperco.com ANNUAL MEETING The Cooper Companies will hold its Annual Stockholders' Meeting in March 2020. TRANSFER AGENT American Stock Transfer & Trust Company 6201 15th Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11219 800-937-5449 TRADEMARKS The Cooper Companies, Inc., its subsidiaries or affiliates own, license or distribute the registered trademarks, common law trademarks and trade names referenced in this report. INDEPENDENT AUDITORS KPMG LLP STOCK EXCHANGE LISTING The New York Stock Exchange Ticker Symbol “COO” |