Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

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Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Camden Property Trust has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

February 20, 2025CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST
By:/s/ Michael P. Gallagher
Michael P. Gallagher
Senior Vice President — Chief Accounting Officer

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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Camden Property Trust and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

NameTitleDate
/s/ Richard J. CampoChairman of the Board of TrustFebruary 20, 2025
Richard J. CampoManagers and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ D. Keith OdenExecutive Vice Chairman of the Board of TrustFebruary 20, 2025
D. Keith OdenManagers
/s/ Alexander J. JessettPresident and Chief Financial OfficerFebruary 20, 2025
Alexander J. Jessettand Assistant Secretary (Principal Financial Officer)
/s/ Michael P. GallagherSenior Vice President - Chief AccountingFebruary 20, 2025
Michael P. GallagherOfficer (Principal Accounting Officer)
*
Javier E. BenitoTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Heather J. BrunnerTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Mark D. GibsonTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Scott S. IngrahamTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Renu KhatorTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Frances Aldrich Sevilla-SacasaTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Steven A. WebsterTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*
Kelvin R. WestbrookTrust ManagerFebruary 20, 2025
*By: /s/ Alexander J. Jessett
Alexander J. Jessett Attorney-in-fact

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Trust Managers of Camden Property Trust

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Camden Property Trust and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 20, 2025, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Asset Impairment — Determination of Impairment Indicators and Impairment of Properties Under Development and Land – Refer to Notes 2 , 7, and 11 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s evaluation of properties under development and land for impairment involves an initial assessment of each property to determine whether events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of properties under development and land may not be recoverable. Possible indicators of impairment may include events or changes in circumstances affecting deterioration of market conditions or changes in the Company’s development strategy that may significantly affect key assumptions used including estimates of start date, projected construction costs, and demand for multifamily communities. When impairment exists, the property under development is adjusted to its fair value utilizing appraisals, comparable sales, management estimates, and discounted cash flow calculations which utilize inputs from a marketplace participant's perspective. For those properties under development where indications of impairment have been identified related to land, fair value is determined utilizing comparable sales.

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The Company makes significant assumptions to evaluate the properties under development and land for possible indications of impairment. Changes in these assumptions could have a significant impact on the properties under development identified for further analysis. As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s properties under development and land had an aggregate carrying value of approximately $401.5 million, and approximately $41.0 million of impairment loss has been recognized for the year ended December 31, 2024.

We identified the determination of impairment indicators and the impairment of properties under development and land as a critical audit matter because of (1) the significant assumptions management makes when determining whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred indicating that the carrying amount of properties under development and land may not be recoverable and (2) the significant estimates and assumptions management makes to determine fair value for those assets with impairment indicators. This required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve our fair value specialists, when performing audit procedures to evaluate (1) whether management appropriately identified impairment indicators and (2) the reasonableness of management’s fair value determination.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the evaluation of properties under development and land for possible indicators of impairment and the determination of fair value for those assets with impairment indicators included the following, among others:

  • We tested the effectiveness of controls over management’s identification of possible circumstances that may indicate that carrying amount of properties under development and land may not be recoverable, including controls over management’s estimates of projected occupancy and market rent, projected construction costs, estimates of demand for multifamily communities, other market and economic assumptions, as well as controls over management’s fair value determination for assets with impairment indicators.

  • We evaluated the Company’s assessment of impairment indicators by:

◦Developing an independent expectation of impairment indicators and comparing such expectation to those included in the impairment analysis.

◦Comparing projected net operating income growth, occupancy rate, and capitalization rate for each property under development to market averages from third party market reports and to the Company’s historical financial performance for operating properties in the same or nearby markets.

◦Analyzing period over period changes in projected construction costs for each property under development and land to evaluate any accumulation of costs significantly in excess of the amount originally expected.

◦Comparing management’s projected costs, construction completion date, and stabilized net operating income for recently completed properties under development to actual results.

◦Discussing with management and reading minutes for Board of Trust Managers and Investment Committee meetings to assess if there were any significant adverse changes in legal factors or in the business climate that could affect management’s plans for properties under development and land, including if it is more likely than not that any property under development and land will be sold, not developed, or otherwise disposed of significantly before the end of its previously estimated useful life.

  • We evaluated the Company’s determination of fair value by performing the following:

◦With the assistance of our fair value specialists, we evaluated the reasonableness of the (1) valuation methodology; (2) significant assumptions made; and (3) mathematical accuracy of the calculation by developing a range of independent estimates and comparing our estimates to those used by management.

  • We performed a search for contradictory evidence by reading third party market reports to evaluate management’s analysis to identify any significant changes in economic factors, industry factors, or other events that may result in an impairment indicator.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Houston, Texas

February 20, 2025

We have served as the Company's auditor since 1993.

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CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

December 31,
(in thousands, except share amounts)20242023
Assets
Real estate assets, at cost
Land$1,722,526$1,711,873
Buildings and improvements11,319,46010,993,390
$13,041,986$12,705,263
Accumulated depreciation(4,867,422)(4,332,524)
Net operating real estate assets$8,174,564$8,372,739
Properties under development and land401,542486,864
Total real estate assets$8,576,106$8,859,603
Accounts receivable – affiliates8,99111,905
Other assets, net234,838244,182
Cash and cash equivalents21,045259,686
Restricted cash11,1648,361
Total assets$8,852,144$9,383,737
Liabilities and equity
Liabilities
Notes payable
Unsecured$3,155,233$3,385,309
Secured330,358330,127
Accounts payable and accrued expenses215,179222,599
Accrued real estate taxes78,52996,517
Distributions payable113,549110,427
Other liabilities212,107186,987
Total liabilities$4,104,955$4,331,966
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Equity
Common shares of beneficial interest; $0.01 par value per share; 175,000,000 shares authorized; 117,737,740 and 117,737,712 issued; 115,779,233 and 115,640,369 outstanding at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively1,1581,156
Additional paid-in capital5,930,7295,914,868
Distributions in excess of net income attributable to common shareholders(897,931)(613,651)
Treasury shares, at cost (9,091,081 and 8,859,556 common shares, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively)(359,732)(320,364)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)974(1,252)
Total common equity$4,675,198$4,980,757
Non-controlling interests71,99171,014
Total equity$4,747,189$5,051,771
Total liabilities and equity$8,852,144$9,383,737

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)202420232022
Property revenues$1,543,842$1,542,027$1,422,756
Property expenses
Property operating and maintenance$365,681$353,911$315,737
Real estate taxes193,124195,009182,344
Total property expenses$558,805$548,920$498,081
Non-property income
Fee and asset management$7,137$3,451$5,188
Interest and other income4,4208793,019
Income/(loss) on deferred compensation plans12,62915,398(19,637)
Total non-property income/(loss)$24,186$19,728$(11,430)
Other expenses
Property management$38,331$33,706$28,601
Fee and asset management2,2001,7172,516
General and administrative72,36562,50660,413
Interest129,815133,395113,424
Depreciation and amortization582,014574,813577,020
Expense/(benefit) on deferred compensation plans12,62915,398(19,637)
Total other expenses$837,354$821,535$762,337
Impairment associated with land development activities(40,988)——
Loss on early retirement of debt(921)(2,513)—
Gain on sale of operating properties43,806225,41636,372
Gain on acquisition of unconsolidated joint venture interests——474,146
Equity in income of joint ventures——3,048
Income from continuing operations before income taxes$173,766$414,203$664,474
Income tax expense(2,926)(3,650)(2,966)
Net income$170,840$410,553$661,508
Net income allocated to non-controlling interests(7,547)(7,244)(7,895)
Net income attributable to common shareholders$163,293$403,309$653,613
Total earnings per common share – basic1.503.716.07
Total earnings per common share – diluted1.503.706.04
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic108,491108,653107,605
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted108,539109,399108,388
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
Net income$170,840$410,553$661,508
Other comprehensive income
Unrealized gain/(loss) on cash flow hedging activities85(728)—
Unrealized gain/(loss) and unamortized prior service cost on post retirement obligation(18)(183)489
Reclassification of net loss on cash flow hedging activities, prior service cost and net loss on post retirement obligation2,1591,4331,476
Comprehensive income$173,066$411,075$663,473
Net income allocated to non-controlling interests(7,547)(7,244)(7,895)
Comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders$165,519$403,831$655,578

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY

Common Shareholders
(in thousands, except share data)Common shares of beneficial interestAdditional paid-in capitalDistributions in excess of net income attributable to common shareholdersTreasury shares, at costAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Non-controlling interestsTotal equity
Equity, December 31, 2021$1,126$5,363,530$(829,453)$(333,974)$(3,739)$68,765$4,266,255
Net income653,6137,895661,508
Other comprehensive income1,9651,965
Common shares issued (3,059 shares)30516,728516,758
Net share awards15,9994,76320,762
Employee share purchase plan1,2965541,850
Conversion of operating partnership units (7 shares)320(320)—
Cash distributions declared to equity holders ($3.76 per share)(405,692)(6,039)(411,731)
Other(419)(27)(446)
Equity, December 31, 2022$1,156$5,897,454$(581,532)$(328,684)$(1,774)$70,301$5,056,921
Net income403,3097,244410,553
Other comprehensive income522522
Net share awards16,5527,69524,247
Employee share purchase plan1,1876251,812
Conversion/redemption of operating partnership units (3 shares)72(200)(128)
Cash distributions declared to equity holders ($4.00 per share)(435,428)(6,331)(441,759)
Other(397)(397)
Equity, December 31, 2023$1,156$5,914,868$(613,651)$(320,364)$(1,252)$71,014$5,051,771

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (Continued)

Common Shareholders
(in thousands, except share data)Common shares of beneficial interestAdditional paid-in capitalDistributions in excess of net income attributable to common shareholdersTreasury shares, at costAccumulated other comprehensive income (loss)Non-controlling interestsTotal equity
Equity, December 31, 2023$1,156$5,914,868$(613,651)$(320,364)$(1,252)$71,014$5,051,771
Net income163,2937,547170,840
Other comprehensive income2,2262,226
Net share awards14,3619,78224,143
Employee share purchase plan1,5028472,349
Common shares repurchased(49,997)(49,997)
Cash distributions declared to equity holders ($4.12 per share)(447,573)(6,570)(454,143)
Other2(2)—
Equity, December 31, 2024$1,158$5,930,729$(897,931)$(359,732)$974$71,991$4,747,189

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202420232022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income$170,840$410,553$661,508
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization582,014574,813577,020
Loss on early retirement of debt9212,513—
Gain on sale of operating properties(43,806)(225,416)(36,372)
Gain on acquisition of unconsolidated joint venture interests——(474,146)
Impairment associated with land development activities40,988——
Distributions of income from joint ventures——3,015
Equity in income of joint ventures——(3,048)
Share-based compensation15,16614,51212,822
Net change in operating accounts and other8,75417,9753,913
Net cash from operating activities$774,877$794,950$744,712
Cash flows from investing activities
Development and capital improvements, including land$(393,735)$(410,934)$(449,431)
Acquisition of operating properties, including joint venture interests, net of cash acquired——(1,066,051)
Net proceeds from sales of operating properties114,474290,66370,536
Increase in non-real estate assets(3,800)(5,597)(4,407)
Other(2,169)(1,259)(6,831)
Net cash from investing activities$(285,230)$(127,127)$(1,456,184)
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings on unsecured revolving credit facility$586,000$1,335,000$758,000
Repayments on unsecured revolving credit facility(408,000)(1,377,000)(716,000)
Repayment of notes payable, including prepayment penalties(800,000)(437,749)(350,000)
Proceeds from notes payable395,952498,235300,000
Distributions to common shareholders and non-controlling interests(450,965)(434,875)(396,822)
Proceeds from issuance of common shares——516,758
Payment of deferred financing costs(2,878)(3,114)(10,948)
Repurchase of common shares(49,997)——
Other4,4032,2898,942
Net cash from financing activities$(725,485)$(417,214)$109,930
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(235,838)250,609(601,542)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of year268,04717,438618,980
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year$32,209$268,047$17,438

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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CAMDEN PROPERTY TRUST

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Continued)

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202420232022
Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the Consolidated Balance Sheets
Cash and cash equivalents$21,045$259,686$10,687
Restricted cash11,1648,3616,751
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of year$32,209$268,047$17,438
Supplemental information
Cash paid for interest, net of interest capitalized$129,637$128,870$111,069
Cash paid for income taxes2,8163,5913,216
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities
Distributions declared but not paid$113,549$110,427$103,628
Value of shares issued under benefit plans, net of cancellations25,13424,85021,526
Accrual associated with construction and capital expenditures24,09723,70620,151
Acquisition of joint venture interests:
Mortgage debt assumed——514,554
Other liabilities——39,168

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Description of Business

Business. Formed on May 25, 1993, Camden Property Trust, a Texas real estate investment trust ("REIT"), and all consolidated subsidiaries are primarily engaged in the ownership, management, development, reposition, redevelopment, acquisition, and construction of multifamily apartment communities. Our multifamily apartment communities are referred to as "communities," "multifamily communities," "properties," or "multifamily properties" in the following discussion. As of December 31, 2024, we owned interests in, operated, or were developing 177 multifamily properties comprised of 59,996 apartment homes across the United States. Of the 177 properties, three properties were under construction, and will consist of a total of 1,138 apartment homes when completed. We also own land holdings which we may develop into multifamily communities in the future.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Principles of Consolidation. Our consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of other subsidiaries and joint ventures (including partnerships and limited liability companies) over which we have control. All intercompany transactions, balances, and profits have been eliminated in consolidation. Investments acquired or created are evaluated based on the accounting guidance relating to variable interest entities ("VIEs"), which requires the consolidation of VIEs in which we are considered to be the primary beneficiary. If the investment is determined not to be a VIE, then the investment is evaluated for consolidation primarily using a voting interest model. In determining if we have a controlling financial interest, we consider factors such as ownership interests, authority to make decisions, kick-out rights, and participating rights. As of December 31, 2024, two of our consolidated operating partnerships are VIEs. We are considered the primary beneficiary of both consolidated operating partnerships and therefore consolidate these operating partnerships. As of December 31, 2024, we held approximately 93% and 95% of the outstanding common limited partnership units and the sole 1% general partnership interest in each of these consolidated operating partnerships.

Acquisitions of Real Estate. Upon the acquisition of real estate, we determine the fair value of tangible and intangible assets, which includes land, buildings (as-if-vacant), furniture and fixtures, the value of in-place leases, including above and below market leases, and acquired liabilities. In estimating these values, we apply methods similar to those used by independent appraisers of income-producing property. Estimates of fair value of acquired debt are based upon interest rates available for the issuance of debt with similar terms and remaining maturities. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the remaining useful lives of the related tangible assets. The value of in-place leases and above or below market leases is amortized over the estimated average remaining life of leases in place at the time of acquisition; the net carrying value of in-place leases are included in other assets, net, and the net carrying value of above or below market leases are included in other liabilities, net in our consolidated balance sheets.

We did not recognize amortization expense related to in-place leases or revenue related to net below-market leases during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. We recognized amortization expense related to in-place leases of approximately $50.3 million and recognized revenue related to net below-market leases of approximately $8.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, the weighted average amortization period for in-place leases was approximately eight months, and the weighted average amortization periods for net below-market leases was approximately seven months.

Asset Impairment. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Impairment may exist if estimated future undiscounted cash flows associated with long-lived assets are not sufficient to recover the carrying value of such assets. We consider projected future undiscounted cash flows, trends, strategic decisions regarding future development plans, and other factors in our assessment of whether impairment conditions exist. While we believe our estimates of future cash flows are reasonable, different assumptions regarding a number of factors, including market rents, economic conditions, and occupancies, could significantly affect these estimates. When impairment exists, the long-lived asset is adjusted to its fair value. In estimating fair value, management uses appraisals, comparable sales, management estimates, and discounted cash flow calculations which utilize inputs from a marketplace participant’s perspective. In addition, we evaluate our equity investments in joint ventures, if any, and if we believe there is an other than temporary decline in market value of our investment below our carrying value, we will record an impairment charge.

The value of our properties under development depends on market conditions, including estimates of the project start date, projected construction costs, and demand for multifamily communities. We have reviewed market trends and other marketplace information and incorporated this information as well as our current outlook into the assumptions we use in our impairment analyses. Due to the judgment and assumptions applied in the impairment analyses, it is possible actual results could differ substantially from those estimated.

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We believe the carrying value of our operating real estate assets, properties under development, and land is currently recoverable. However, if market conditions deteriorate or if changes in our development strategy significantly affect any key assumptions used in our fair value estimates, we may need to take material charges in future periods for impairments related to existing assets. Any such non-cash charges could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. All cash and investments in money market accounts and other highly liquid securities with a maturity of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered to be cash and cash equivalents. We maintain the majority of our cash and cash equivalents at major financial institutions in the United States and deposits with these financial institutions may exceed the amount of insurance provided on such deposits; however, we regularly monitor the financial stability of these financial institutions and believe we are not currently exposed to any significant default risk with respect to these deposits.

Cost Capitalization. Real estate assets are carried at cost plus capitalized carrying charges. Carrying charges are primarily interest and real estate taxes which are capitalized as part of properties under development. Capitalized interest is generally based on the weighted average interest rate of our unsecured debt. Expenditures directly related to the development and improvement of real estate assets are capitalized at cost as land and buildings and improvements. Indirect development costs, including salaries and benefits and other related costs directly attributable to the development of properties, are also capitalized. We begin capitalizing development, construction, and carrying costs when the development of the future real estate asset is probable and activities necessary to prepare the underlying real estate for its intended use have been initiated. All construction and certain carrying costs are capitalized and reported in the balance sheet as properties under development until the apartment homes are substantially completed. As apartment homes within development properties are completed, the total capitalized development cost of each apartment home is transferred from properties under development including land to buildings and improvements.

As discussed above, carrying charges are principally interest and real estate taxes capitalized as part of properties under development. Capitalized interest was approximately $17.9 million, $20.2 million, and $18.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Capitalized real estate taxes were approximately $3.2 million, $3.4 million, and $4.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Where possible, we stage our construction to allow leasing and occupancy during the construction period, which we believe minimizes the duration of the lease-up period following completion of construction. Our accounting policy related to properties in the development and leasing phase is to expense all operating costs associated with completed apartment homes. We capitalize renovation and improvement costs we believe extend the economic lives of depreciable property. Capital expenditures subsequent to initial construction are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.

Depreciation and amortization is computed over the expected useful lives of depreciable property on a straight-line basis with lives generally as follows:

Estimated Useful Life
Buildings and improvements5-35 years
Furniture, fixtures, equipment and other3-20 years
Intangible assets/liabilities (in-place leases and below market leases)underlying lease term

Derivative Financial Instruments. Derivative financial instruments are recorded in the consolidated balance sheets at fair value and presented on a gross basis for financial reporting purposes even when those instruments are subject to master netting arrangements and may otherwise qualify for net presentation. Accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have elected to designate a derivative in a hedging relationship and apply hedge accounting, and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. Cash flows from derivatives and the related gains and losses are classified as cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

Cash Flow Hedges. For derivative instruments which are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the derivative's gain or loss is reported as a component to other comprehensive income ("OCI") and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income ("AOCI") on our consolidated balance sheets. The gain or loss is subsequently reclassified into net earnings when the hedged exposure affects net earnings, in the same line item as the underlying hedged item on our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

Cash flow hedges related to anticipated transactions are designated and documented at the inception of each hedge. Cash flows from hedging transactions are classified in the same categories as the cash flows from the respective hedged items.

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Fair Value Hedges. For derivative instruments which are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge, the changes in fair value of the derivative instrument and the offsetting changes in fair value of the underlying hedged item due to changes in the hedged risk are recorded to interest expense on our consolidated statements of earnings.

Counterparty Credit Risk. Fair values of our derivatives can change significantly from period to period based on, among other factors, market movements and changes in our positions. We manage counterparty credit risk (the risk counterparties will default and not make payments to us according to the terms of our agreements) on an individual counterparty basis.

Gains or losses on sales of real estate. The Company recognizes the sale, and associated gain or loss from the disposition, when the criteria for derecognition of an asset is met, including when a contract exists and the buyer obtained control of the nonfinancial asset sold, in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP").

Fair Value. For financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis, fair value is the price we would receive to sell an asset, or pay to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction with a market participant at the measurement date. In the absence of such data, fair value is estimated using internal information consistent with what market participants would use in a hypothetical transaction.

In determining fair value, observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect our market assumptions; preference is given to observable inputs. These two types of inputs create the following fair value hierarchy:

  • Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.

  • Level 2: Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable or whose significant value drivers are observable.

  • Level 3: Significant inputs to the valuation model are unobservable.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements. The following describes the valuation methodologies we use to measure different financial instruments at fair value on a recurring basis:

Derivative Financial Instruments. The estimated fair values of derivative financial instruments are valued using widely accepted valuation techniques including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows of each derivative. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the derivatives, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and volatility. The fair values of interest rate swaps are estimated using the market-standard methodology of netting the discounted fixed cash payments and the discounted expected variable cash receipts. The variable cash receipts are based on an expectation of interest rates (forward curves) derived from observable market interest rate curves. In addition, credit valuation adjustments, which consider the impact of any credit enhancements to the contracts, are incorporated in the fair values to account for potential nonperformance risk, including our own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk.

Although we have determined the majority of the inputs used to value our derivatives fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with our derivatives utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads, to evaluate the likelihood of default. However, we have assessed the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments on the overall valuation of our derivative positions and have determined the credit valuation adjustments are not significant to the overall valuation of our derivatives. As a result, we have determined our derivative valuations in their entirety are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deferred Compensation Plan Investments. The estimated fair values of investment securities classified as deferred compensation plan investments are based on quoted market prices utilizing public information for the same transactions. Our deferred compensation plan investments are recorded in other assets in our consolidated balance sheets. The inputs associated with the valuation of our recurring deferred compensation plan investments are included in Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Non-recurring Fair Value Measurements. Certain assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. These assets are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis, but are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances. These assets primarily include long-lived assets which are recorded at fair value when they are acquired, including the remeasurement of previously held ownership interests, using fair value methodologies described above at "Acquisitions of Real Estate," or if the long-lived assets are impaired using the fair value methodologies used to measure long-lived assets described above at "Asset Impairment." The inputs associated with the valuation of long-lived assets are generally included in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, unless a quoted price for a similar long-lived asset in an active market exists, at which time they are included in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial Instrument Fair Value Disclosures. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses, and distributions payable represent fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments. The carrying value of restricted cash approximates its fair value based on the nature

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of our assessment of the ability to recover these amounts. The carrying value of our notes receivable, which are included in other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets, approximates their fair value. The estimated fair values are based on certain factors, such as market interest rates, terms of the note, and credit worthiness of the borrower. These financial instruments utilize Level 3 inputs. In calculating the fair value of our notes payable, interest rate, and spread assumptions reflect current credit worthiness and market conditions available for the issuance of notes payable with similar terms and remaining maturities. These financial instruments utilize Level 2 inputs.

Income Recognition. The majority of our revenues are derived from real estate lease contracts which are accounted for pursuant to ASC 842, Leases, and presented as property revenues, and include rental revenue under contractual terms for other services provided to our customers. As a lessor, we made elections pursuant to ASC 842 to 1) not separate the lease and non-lease components by class of underlying assets and account for the combined components as a single component under certain conditions, and 2) exclude from lease revenues the sales taxes collected from lessees and certain lessor costs paid directly by the lessee. Our other revenue streams include fee and asset management income in accordance with other revenue guidance, ASC 606, Revenues from Contracts with Customers. A detail of our material revenue streams are discussed below:

Property Revenue. We earn rental revenue from operating lease contracts for the use of dedicated spaces within owned assets, which is our only underlying asset class. We also earn revenues under contractual terms for other services considered non-lease components within a lease contract, primarily consisting of utility rebillings and other transactional fees. These amounts received under contractual terms for other services are charged to our residents and recognized monthly as earned. Any identified uncollectible amounts related to individual lease contracts are presented as an adjustment to property revenue. Any renewal options of real estate lease contracts are considered a new, separate contract and will be recognized at the time the option is exercised on a straight-line basis over the renewal period.

As of December 31, 2024, our average residential lease term was approximately fourteen months with all other commercial leases averaging longer lease terms. We anticipate property revenue from existing leases as follows:

(in millions)
Year ending December 31,Operating Leases
2025$871.6
202651.2
20273.3
20283.0
20292.6
Thereafter3.6
Total$935.3

Credit Risk. We believe there is no significant concentration of credit risk due to the number of residents, the types and diversity of submarkets in which our properties operate, and the collection terms.

Insurance. Our primary lines of insurance coverage are property, general liability, health, workers compensation, and cybersecurity. We believe our insurance coverage adequately insures our properties against the risk of loss attributable to fire, earthquake, hurricane, tornado, flood, and other perils and adequately insures us against other risks. Losses are accrued based upon our estimates of the aggregate liability for claims incurred as well as using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry and based on our experience.

Other Assets, Net. Other assets in our consolidated financial statements include investments under deferred compensation plans, deferred financing costs, technology investments, non-real estate leasehold improvements and equipment, notes receivable, derivatives, operating lease right-of-use ("ROU") assets, prepaid expenses, and other miscellaneous receivables. Investments under deferred compensation plans are classified as trading securities and are adjusted to fair market value at period end. For a further discussion of our investments under deferred compensation plans, see Note 10. "Share-based Compensation and Benefit Plans." Deferred financing costs are related to our unsecured revolving credit facility, and are amortized no longer than the terms of the related facility on the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. Corporate leasehold improvements and equipment includes expenditures related to renovation and construction of office space we lease. These leasehold improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the shorter of the expected useful lives or the lease terms which generally range from three to ten years.

Investments. We hold equity interests in certain technology funds which are not accounted for using the equity method because we have virtually no influence over these entities and their fair values are not readily determinable. These investments are recorded using the measurement alternative in which our equity interests are recorded at cost, adjusted for impairments and observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. At each reporting period, we reassess whether these investments continue to qualify for this measurement alternative. We had investments

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recorded at cost of approximately $16.6 million and $14.3 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These investments are included in other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets and we did not record any impairments during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, or 2022 relating to these investments.

Restricted Cash. Restricted cash consists of escrow deposits held by lenders for property taxes, insurance and replacement reserves, cash required to be segregated for the repayment of residents’ security deposits, and escrowed amounts related to our development and acquisition activities.

Share-based Compensation. Compensation expense associated with share-based awards is recognized in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income using the grant-date fair values. Compensation cost for all share-based awards, including options, requires measurement at estimated fair value on the grant date and recognition of compensation expense over the requisite service period for awards expected to vest. The fair value of stock option grants is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Valuation models require the input of assumptions, including judgments to estimate the expected stock price volatility, expected life, and forfeiture rate. The compensation cost for share-based awards is based on the market value of the shares on the date of grant and is adjusted as actual forfeitures occur.

Use of Estimates. In the application of GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions which affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, results of operations during the reporting periods, and related disclosures. Our more significant estimates include estimates supporting our impairment analysis related to the carrying values of our real estate assets. These estimates are based on historical experience and other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Future events rarely develop exactly as forecasted, and the best estimates routinely require adjustment.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07 ("ASU 2023-07"), Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures which requires reportable segment disclosures of significant segment expenses provided to the chief operating decision makers ("CODMs"). The standard does not change the definition of a reportable segment, the method for determining segments, or the criteria for aggregating operating segments into reportable segments. We have adopted ASU 2023-07 in our 2024 Form 10-K, as disclosed in Note 14. "Reportable Segments", and this adoption did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires additional disclosures to enhance the transparency regarding income tax information through the use of a rate reconciliation table and disclosure of net taxes paid, detailed by federal, state, and foreign taxes and, if applicable, further detailed by specific jurisdictions if the amount exceeds a qualitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. This standard may be applied either on a prospective basis or on a retrospective basis. We expect to adopt ASU 2023-09 in our 2025 Form 10-K and expect the enhanced presentation of income tax disclosures will have no impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. ASU 2024-03 requires public entities to provide additional disclosures in the notes to the financial statements of certain expense categories which are included in expense line items disclosed on the face of the income statement. Specifically, an entity should provide disclosures in a tabular format for each line item on the income statement which contains any of the following expenses: purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, intangible asset amortization, and/or depreciation, depletion, and amortization. ASU 2024-03 also requires an entity to disclose total selling expenses. ASU 2024-03 may be adopted on a prospective or retrospective basis. We expect to adopt ASU 2024-03 for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2027, and are in the process of analyzing the impact of the ASU on our related disclosures.

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3. Per Share Data

Basic earnings per share are computed using net income attributable to common shareholders and the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted earnings per share reflect common shares issuable from the assumed conversion of common share options and share awards granted and units convertible into common shares. Only those items having a dilutive impact on our basic earnings per share are included in diluted earnings per share. Our unvested share-based awards are considered participating securities and are reflected in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share using the two-class method. Common shares under a forward sale agreement will be considered in our calculation for diluted earnings-per-share until settlement, using the treasury stock method.

The number of common share equivalent securities excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation was approximately 1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024 and approximately 1.0 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. These securities, which include share awards granted and units convertible into common shares, were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculation as they are anti-dilutive.

The following table presents information necessary to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated:

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts)202420232022
Earnings per common share calculation – basic
Net income attributable to common shareholders$163,293$403,309$653,613
Amount allocated to participating securities(295)(646)(990)
Net income attributable to common shareholders – basic$162,998$402,663$652,623
Total earnings per common share – basic$1.50$3.71$6.07
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic108,491108,653107,605
Earnings per common share calculation – diluted
Income from continuing operations attributable to common shareholders, net of amount allocated to participating securities$162,998$402,663$652,623
Income allocated to common units from continuing operations—2,0861,452
Net income attributable to common shareholders – diluted$162,998$404,749$654,075
Total earnings per common share – diluted$1.50$3.70$6.04
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic108,491108,653107,605
Incremental shares issuable from assumed conversion of:
Share awards granted482150
Common units—725733
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – diluted108,539109,399108,388

4. Common Shares

In May 2023, we created an at-the-market ("ATM") share offering program through which we can, but have no obligation to, sell common shares for an aggregate offering amount of up to $500.0 million (the "2023 ATM program"), in amounts and at times as we determine, into the existing trading market at current market prices as well as through negotiated transactions. Actual sales from time to time may depend on a variety of factors including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, and determinations by management of the appropriate sources of funding for us. We intend to use the proceeds from any sale of our common shares under the 2023 ATM program for general corporate purposes, which may include reducing future borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility, the repayment of other indebtedness, the redemption or other repurchase of outstanding debt or equity securities, funding for development activities, and financing for acquisitions.

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The 2023 ATM program also permits the use of forward sale agreements which allows us to lock in a share price on the sale of common shares at the time the agreement is executed, but defer receiving the proceeds from the sale of the applicable shares until a later date. If we enter into a forward sale agreement, we expect the applicable forward purchasers will borrow from third parties and, through the applicable sales agent acting in its role as forward seller, sell a number of common shares equal to the number of shares underlying the applicable agreement. Under this scenario, we would not initially receive any proceeds from any sale of borrowed shares by the forward seller and would expect to physically settle each forward sale agreement with the relevant forward purchaser on or prior to the maturity date of a particular forward sale agreement by issuing our common shares in return for the receipt of aggregate net cash proceeds at settlement equal to the number of common shares underlying the particular forward sale agreement multiplied by the relevant forward sale price. However, at our sole discretion, we may also elect to cash settle or net share settle a particular forward sale agreement, in which case we may not receive any proceeds from the issuance of common shares, and we will instead receive or pay cash (in the case of cash settlement) or receive or deliver common shares (in the case of net share settlement). As of the date of this filing, we have not entered into any forward sales agreement and have not sold any shares under the 2023 ATM program.

In May 2022, we created an ATM share offering program through which we could, but had no obligation to, sell common shares for an aggregate offering amount of up to $500.0 million (the "2022 ATM program"). In May 2023, we terminated the 2022 ATM program and did not sell any shares under this program.

We have a share repurchase plan approved by our Board of Trust Managers which allows for the repurchase of up to $500.0 million of our common equity securities through open-market purchases, block purchases, and privately negotiated transactions. In 2024, we repurchased 515,974 common shares for approximately $50.0 million, at an average price of $96.88 per share. As of the date of this filing, the remaining dollar value of our common equity securities authorized to be repurchased under this plan was approximately $450.0 million.

We currently have an automatic shelf registration statement which allows us to offer common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, or warrants and our Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust provides we may issue up to 185 million shares of beneficial interest, consisting of 175 million common shares and 10 million preferred shares. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately 106.7 million common shares outstanding, net of treasury shares and shares held in our deferred compensation arrangements, and no preferred shares outstanding.

In the first quarter of 2025, the Company's Board of Trust Managers declared a first quarter dividend of $1.05 per common share to our common shareholders of record as of March 31, 2025.

5. Operating Partnerships

At December 31, 2024, approximately 4% of our consolidated multifamily apartment homes were held in Camden Operating, L.P. ("Camden Operating" or the "operating partnership"). Camden Operating has 11.9 million outstanding common limited partnership units and as of December 31, 2024, we held approximately 93% of the outstanding common limited partnership units and the sole 1% general partnership interest of the operating partnership. The remaining common limited partnership units, comprising approximately 0.7 million units, are primarily held by former officers, directors, and investors of Paragon Group, Inc., which we acquired in 1997. Each common limited partnership unit is redeemable for one common share of Camden Property Trust or cash at our election. Holders of common limited partnership units are not entitled to rights as shareholders prior to redemption of their common limited partnership units. No member of our management owns Camden Operating common limited partnership units.

At December 31, 2024, approximately 26% of our consolidated multifamily apartment homes were held in Camden Summit Partnership, L.P. (the "Camden Summit Partnership"). Camden Summit Partnership has 22.8 million outstanding common limited partnership units and as of December 31, 2024, we held approximately 95% of the outstanding common limited partnership units and the sole 1% general partnership interest of Camden Summit Partnership. The remaining common limited partnership units, comprising approximately 0.9 million units, are primarily held by former officers, directors, and investors of Summit Properties Inc., which we acquired in 2005. Each common limited partnership unit is redeemable for one common share of Camden Property Trust or cash at our election and holders of common limited partnership units are not entitled to rights as shareholders prior to redemption of their common limited partnership units. No member of our management owns Camden Summit Partnership common limited partnership units.

We have Tax Protection Agreements, as amended, protecting the negative tax capital of certain holders of common units of limited partnership interest in the Camden Summit Partnership. The negative tax capital accounts of these certain unitholders totaled approximately $23.7 million in the aggregate as of December 31, 2024. We currently have a $40.0 million two-year unsecured floating rate term loan with an unrelated third party which supports the negative tax capital accounts.

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6. Income Taxes

We have maintained and intend to maintain our election as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. In order for us to continue to qualify as a REIT we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annual dividends to our shareholders equal to a minimum of 90% of our adjusted taxable income. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at the corporate level to the extent such income is distributed to our shareholders annually. If our taxable income exceeds our dividends in a tax year, REIT tax rules allow us to designate dividends from the subsequent tax year in order to avoid current taxation on undistributed income. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we may be subject to federal and state income taxes for such year. In addition, we may not be able to requalify as a REIT for the four subsequent taxable years and may be subject to federal and state income taxes in those years as well. Historically, we have incurred only state and local income, franchise, and excise taxes. Taxable income from non-REIT activities managed through taxable REIT subsidiaries is subject to applicable federal, state, and local income taxes. Our operating partnerships are flow-through entities and are not subject to federal income taxes at the entity level.

We have recorded income, franchise, and excise taxes in the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 as income tax expense. Income taxes for the tax years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, were comprised mainly of state income and franchise taxes, and federal taxes related to our taxable REIT subsidiaries. We have no significant temporary or permanent differences or tax credits associated with our taxable REIT subsidiaries.

For income tax purposes, distributions to common shareholders are characterized as ordinary income, capital gains, or return of capital. A summary of the income tax characterization of our distributions paid per common share for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 is set forth in the following table:

Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Common Share Distributions (1)
Ordinary income$3.29$2.54$—
Long-term capital gain0.531.900.48
Return of capital——2.26
Unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain0.300.500.08
Total$4.12$4.94$2.82

(1) The $1.03 per share distribution paid on January 17, 2025 was considered a 2024 distribution for federal income tax purposes and was subject to taxation based on our 2024 earnings and profits. The $1.00 per share distribution per share paid on January 17, 2024 was considered a 2023 distribution for federal income tax purposes and was subject to taxation based on our 2023 earnings. The $0.94 per share distribution per share paid on January 17, 2023 was also considered a 2023 distribution for federal income tax purposes and was also subject to taxation based on our 2023 earnings.

The carrying value of net assets reported in our consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2024 exceeded the tax basis by approximately $1.5 billion.

The income tax returns of Camden Property Trust and its subsidiaries are subject to examination by federal, state, and local tax jurisdictions for years 2021 through 2023. Tax attributes generated in years prior to 2020 are also subject to challenge in any examination of those tax years. We believe we have no uncertain tax positions or unrecognized tax benefits requiring disclosure as of and for the periods presented.

7. Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Impairments

Acquisitions of Land. We did not acquire any land during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we acquired for future development purposes two parcels of land totaling approximately 42.6 acres in Charlotte, North Carolina for an aggregate cost of approximately $32.7 million; approximately 3.8 acres of land in Nashville, Tennessee for approximately $30.5 million; and approximately 15.9 acres of land in Richmond, Texas for approximately $7.8 million.

Asset Acquisition of Operating Properties. We did not acquire any operating properties during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. On April 1, 2022, we purchased the remaining 68.7% ownership interests in two unconsolidated discretionary investment funds (collectively, "the Funds" or "the acquisition of the Funds") for cash consideration of approximately $1.1 billion, after adjusting for our assumption of approximately $515.0 million of existing secured mortgage debt of the Funds which remained outstanding. As a result of this acquisition, we now own 100% ownership interests in 22 multifamily communities comprised of 7,247 units located in Houston, Austin, Dallas, Tampa, Raleigh, Orlando, Washington D.C., Charlotte, and Atlanta. Prior to the acquisition, we accounted for our 31.3% ownership interests in each of these Funds in accordance with the equity method of accounting.

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We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and remeasured our previously held 31.3% ownership interests in the Funds to fair value at the acquisition date. As a result of this remeasurement, we recognized a gain of approximately $474.1 million. Upon consolidation, the total consideration was allocated to assets and liabilities based on relative fair value, resulting in an increase in assets comprised of $2.1 billion of real estate assets, $44.0 million of in-place leases and $24.7 million of other assets and an increase in liabilities made up of $514.6 million of secured debt, $39.2 million of other liabilities, and approximately $7.6 million of net below market leases.

In January 2025, we purchased one operating property comprised of 352 homes located in the Austin, Texas metropolitan area for approximately $67.7 million.

Sale of Operating Properties. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we sold one operating property comprised of 592 apartment homes located in Atlanta, Georgia, for approximately $115.0 million and recognized a gain of approximately $43.8 million. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we sold two operating properties comprised of an aggregate of 852 apartment homes located in Costa Mesa, California for an aggregate of approximately $293.1 million and recognized a gain of approximately $225.3 million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, we sold one operating property comprised of 245 apartment homes located in Largo, Maryland for approximately $71.9 million and recognized a gain of approximately $36.4 million.

Impairments. The impairment associated with land development activities for the year ended December 31, 2024 of approximately $41.0 million related to land holdings for three land parcels as a result of strategic decisions regarding the reduction of exposure in certain markets. These impairment charges are the difference between each parcel's estimated fair value and the carrying value, which included the original purchase price and other capitalized development costs. We did not record any impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

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8. Notes Payable

The following is a summary of our indebtedness:

December 31,
(in millions)20242023
Commercial banks
5.52% Term loan, due 2026$39.9$39.9
6.21% Term loan, due 2024—300.0
5.14% Unsecured revolving credit facility178.0—
$217.9$339.9
Senior unsecured notes
4.36% Notes, due 2024—250.0
3.68% Notes, due 2024—249.7
5.75% Notes, due 2026 (1)503.3508.6
3.74% Notes, due 2028399.1398.7
3.67% Notes, due 2029 (2)596.8596.1
2.91% Notes, due 2030746.0745.4
5.06% Notes, due 2034395.2—
3.41% Notes, due 2049296.9296.9
$2,937.3$3,045.4
Total unsecured notes payable$3,155.2$3,385.3
Secured notes
Master Credit Facilities
3.78% - 4.04% Conventional Mortgage Notes, due 2026 - 2028$291.4$291.3
3.87% note, due 202839.038.8
Total secured notes payable$330.4$330.1
Total notes payable (3)$3,485.6$3,715.4
Value of real estate assets, at cost, subject to secured notes$1,358.6$1,342.2

*(1)*Balances are increased by $5.3 million and $11.6 million for fair value adjustments due to changes in benchmark interest rates related to these notes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. See Note 9. "Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities," for further discussion.

*(2)*The 2029 Notes have an effective annual interest rate of approximately 3.84% through June 2026, which includes the effect of a settled forward interest rate swap, and approximately 3.28% thereafter, for an all-in average effective rate of approximately 3.67%.

*(3)*Balances are decreased by unamortized debt discounts, debt issuance costs, and fair market value adjustments, net of $13.3 million and $5.5 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

We have a $1.2 billion unsecured revolving credit facility which matures in August 2026, with two options to extend the facility at our election for two consecutive six-month periods and to expand the facility up to three times by up to an additional $500 million upon satisfaction of certain conditions. The interest rate on our unsecured revolving credit facility is based upon, at our option, (a) the daily or the one-, three-, or six- months Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus, in each case, a spread based on our credit rating, or (b) a base rate equal to the higher of: (i) the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, (ii) Bank of America, N.A.'s price rate, (iii) Term SOFR plus 1.0%, and (iv) 1.0%. Advances under our unsecured revolving credit facility may be priced at the scheduled rates, or we may enter into bid rate loans with participating banks at rates below the scheduled rates. These bid rate loans have terms of 180 days or less and may not exceed the lesser of $600 million or the remaining amount available under our unsecured revolving credit facility. Our unsecured revolving credit facility is subject to customary financial covenants and limitations. We believe we are in compliance with all such financial covenants and limitations as of December 31, 2024 and through the date of this filing.

Our unsecured revolving credit facility provides us with the ability to issue up to $50 million in letters of credit. While our issuance of letters of credit does not increase our borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility, it does reduce the

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amount available. At December 31, 2024, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $27.5 million and approximately $1.0 billion available under our unsecured revolving credit facility.

In January 2024, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.90% senior unsecured notes due January 15, 2034 under our existing shell registration statement. The 2034 Notes were offered to the public 99.638% of their face amount with a stated rate of 4.90% and a yield to maturity of 4.946%. After deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses, the net proceeds from the sale of the 2034 Notes was approximately $394.8 million. Interest on the 2034 Notes is payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15, beginning July 15, 2024. We may redeem the 2034 Notes, in whole or in part, at anytime at a redemption price equal to the principal amount and accrued interest of the notes being redeemed, plus a make-whole provision. If, however, we redeem the 2034 Notes on or after three months prior to their maturity date, the redemption price will equal 100% of the principal amount of the 2034 Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest on the amount being redeemed to the redemption date. The 2034 Notes are direct, senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with all of our other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.

In January 2024, we utilized a portion of the net proceeds from the 2034 Notes to repay the $300.0 million, 6.21% unsecured term loan due in August 2024. Additionally, in January 2024, we utilized cash on hand to repay the principal amount of our 4.36% senior unsecured notes payable, which matured on January 15, 2024, for a total of $250.0 million, plus accrued interest. As a result of this early repayment of the $300.0 million unsecured term loan, we expensed approximately $0.9 million of unamortized loan costs, which are reflected in the loss on early retirement of debt in our consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income.

In September 2024, we extended the maturity date of our $40.0 million unsecured floating rate term loan with an unrelated third party from September 2024 to September 2026.

In September 2024, we utilized cash on hand and our unsecured revolving credit facility to repay the principal amount of our 3.68% senior unsecured notes payable, which had a maturity date of September 15, 2024, for a total of $250.0 million, plus accrued interest.

We had outstanding floating rate debt of approximately $721.2 million and $848.5 million, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which includes senior unsecured notes payable due in 2026 which have been converted to floating rate debt through the issuance of the interest rate swap. The weighted average interest rate on our outstanding floating rate debt was approximately 5.6% and 6.5% at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our indebtedness had a weighted average maturity of 6.2 years at December 31, 2024. The table below is a summary of the maturity dates of our outstanding debt and principal amortizations, and the weighted average interest rates on such debt, at December 31, 2024:

(in millions) (1)Amount (2)Weighted Average Interest Rate (3)
2025$(3.6)—%
2026565.95.7
2027350.54.5
2028529.93.8
2029598.23.8
Thereafter1,444.73.6
Total$3,485.64.1%

*(1)*Includes all available extension options.

*(2)*Includes amortization of debt discounts, debt issuance costs, and fair market value adjustments.

*(3)*Includes the effects of the applicable settled derivatives.

9. Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities

Risk Management Objective of Using Derivatives. We are exposed to certain risks arising from both our business operations and economic conditions. We manage economic risks, including interest rate, liquidity, and credit risk, primarily by managing the amount, sources, and duration of our debt funding and the use of derivative financial instruments. Specifically, we may enter into derivative financial instruments to manage exposures arising from business activities resulting in differences in the amount, timing, and duration of our known or expected cash payments principally related to our borrowings. We do not utilize derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. See Note 2. "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements" for a further discussion of derivative financial instruments.

Cash Flow Hedges. From time to time, we enter into designated cash flow hedges to manage the variability in cash flows due to changes in benchmark interest rates. We enter into interest rate swap agreements, including forward interest rate swaps and treasury locks, settled in cash based upon the difference between an agreed-upon benchmark rate and the prevailing

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benchmark rate at settlement. The agreements are generally settled around the time of the pricing of the related debt. Each cash flow derivative gain or loss is recorded to OCI and is subsequently reclassified to interest expense over the life of the related debt. We did not have any cash flow hedges at December 31, 2024 or material cash flow hedges at December 31, 2023.

We recognized an unrealized gain in other comprehensive income of $0.8 million and an unrealized loss of $0.7 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There were no unrealized gains or losses recognized for the year ended December 31, 2022. Approximately $1.3 million, $1.4 million, and $1.3 million was reclassified from AOCI as an increase to interest expense for derivative financial instruments settled in prior periods during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

Fair Value Hedges. From time to time, we utilize interest rate swaps to achieve an additional level of floating rate debt relative to fixed rate debt as we deem appropriate. We designate fixed to floating interest rate swaps as fair value hedges. The changes in fair value of these derivative instruments and the offsetting changes in fair value of the underlying hedged debt due to changes in the relevant benchmark interest rates are recorded in interest expense. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, we had one interest rate swap with a notional amount of $500.0 million designated as a fair value hedge, which converted our $500.0 million principal amount of 5.85% fixed rate senior unsecured notes due November 2026 into a floating rate instrument with an interest rate based on a SOFR index. Refer to Note 8. "Notes Payable" for further discussion of the $500.0 million notes due 2026.

Refer to Note 11. "Fair Value Measurements" for the outstanding derivative instruments and the corresponding fair value classifications.

10. Share-based Compensation and Benefit Plans

Incentive Compensation. We currently maintain the 2018 Share Incentive Plan (the "2018 Share Plan"), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders. The shares available for awards under the 2018 Share Plan are, subject to certain other limits under the plan, generally available for any type of award authorized under the 2018 Share Plan, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, stock bonuses and other stock-based awards. Persons eligible to receive awards under the 2018 Share Plan include subsidiaries' officers and employees, Trust Managers, and certain of our subsidiaries' consultants and advisors. A total of 9.7 million shares ("Share Limit") was authorized under the 2018 Share Plan. Shares issued or to be issued are counted against the Share Limit as set forth as (1) 3.45 to 1.0 for every share award, excluding stock options and share appreciation rights, granted, and (2) 1.0 to 1.0 for every share of stock option or share appreciation right granted. As of December 31, 2024, there were approximately 4.3 million common shares available under the 2018 Share Plan, which would result in approximately 1.2 million shares which could be granted pursuant to full value awards conversion ratios as defined under the plan.

Total compensation cost for share awards charged against income was approximately $16.1 million, $15.8 million, and $14.2 million for 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Total capitalized compensation cost for share awards was approximately $5.3 million, $5.9 million, and $4.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.

A summary of activity under our share incentive plans for the year ended December 31, 2024 is shown below:

Nonvested Share Awards OutstandingWeighted Average Exercise / Grant Price
Nonvested share awards outstanding at December 31, 2023174,164$126.46
Granted272,76496.31
Exercised/Vested(220,988)107.44
Forfeited(9,750)106.37
Total nonvested share awards outstanding at December 31, 2024216,190$108.07

Share Awards and Vesting. Share awards for employees generally vest over three years and are valued at the market value of the shares on the grant date. In the event the holder of the share awards attains at least age 65, and with respect to an employee, also attain at least ten or more years of service ("Retirement Eligibility") before the term in which the awards are scheduled to vest, the value of the share awards to such individual is amortized from the date of grant to the individual's Retirement Eligibility date. All new share awards granted after reaching Retirement Eligibility vest on the date of grant.

At December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, the weighted average fair value of share awards granted was $96.31, $117.02 and $161.91, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was approximately $23.7 million, $24.7 million, and $19.4 million, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the unamortized value of previously issued unvested share awards was approximately $13.7 million which is expected to be amortized over the next two years.

F-20

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Employee Share Purchase Plan ("ESPP"). In May 2018, our shareholders approved the 2018 Employee Share Purchase Plan (the "2018 ESPP") which amends and restates our 1999 Employee Share Purchase Plan effective with the offering period commencing in June 2018. Under the 2018 ESPP, we may issue up to a total of approximately 500,000 common shares. The 2018 ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase our common shares either through payroll deductions or through semi-annual contributions. Each offering period has a six month duration commencing in June and December for which shares may be purchased at 85% of the market value, as defined on the first or last day of the offering period, whichever price is lower. We currently use treasury shares to satisfy ESPP share requirements. Each participant must hold the shares purchased for nine months in order to receive the discount, and a participant may not purchase more than $25,000 in value of shares during any plan year, as defined. The following table presents information related to our ESPP:

202420232022
Shares purchased21,43517,30615,353
Weighted average fair value of shares purchased$109.63$104.26$119.15
Expense recorded (in millions)$0.4$0.2$0.2

Rabbi Trust. We established a rabbi trust for a select group of participants in which share awards granted under the share incentive plan and salary and other cash amounts earned may be deposited and was in use for deferrals made prior to 2005, including bonuses related to service in 2004 but paid in 2005. The rabbi trust was an irrevocable trust and no portion of the trust fund may be used for any purpose other than the delivery of those assets to the participants. The assets held in the rabbi trust are subject to the claims of our general creditors in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency.

The value of the assets of the rabbi trust is consolidated into our financial statements. Granted share awards held by the rabbi trust are classified in equity in a manner similar to the manner in which treasury stock is accounted. Subsequent changes in the fair value of the shares are not recognized. The deferred compensation obligation is classified as an equity instrument and changes in the fair value of the amount owed to the participant are not recognized. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, approximately 0.7 million and 1.0 million share awards, respectively, were held in the rabbi trust. Additionally, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the rabbi trust held trading securities totaling approximately $13.2 million and $9.7 million, respectively, which represents cash deferrals made by plan participants. Market value fluctuations on these trading securities are recognized in income in accordance with GAAP and the liability due to participants is adjusted accordingly.

At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, approximately $9.0 million and $11.9 million, respectively, was required to be paid to us by plan participants upon the withdrawal of any assets from the rabbi trust, and is included in "Accounts receivable-affiliates" in our consolidated balance sheets.

Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation. In 2004, we established a Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan which is an unfunded arrangement established and maintained primarily for the benefit of a select group of participants. Eligible participants commence participation in this plan on the date the deferral election first becomes effective. We credit to the participant's account an amount equal to the amount designated as the participant's deferral for the plan year as indicated in the participant's deferral election(s). Any modification to or termination of the plan will not reduce a participant's right to any vested amounts already credited to his or her account. Approximately 1.2 million and 1.1 million share awards were held in the plan at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the plan held trading securities totaling approximately $120.9 million and $122.3 million, respectively, which represents cash deferrals made by plan participants and diversification of share awards within the plan to trading securities. The value of this plan is recorded in other assets, net, within our consolidated balance sheets. Market value fluctuations on these trading securities are recognized in income in accordance with GAAP and the liability due to participants is adjusted accordingly. The assets held in the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan are subject to the claims of our general creditors in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency.

401(k) Savings Plan. We have a 401(k) savings plan which is a voluntary defined contribution plan, and provides participating employees the ability to elect to contribute up to 60 percent of eligible compensation, subject to limitations as defined by the federal tax code, with the Company making matching contributions up to a predetermined limit. The matching contributions made for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 were each approximately $3.4 million. Employees become vested in our matching contributions 33% after one year of service, 67% after two years of service and 100% after three years of service.

F-21

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11. Fair Value Measurements

The following disclosures present information about our fair value measurements using the inputs and fair value hierarchy discussed in Note 2. "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Recent Accounting Pronouncements".

Recurring Fair Value Disclosures. The following table presents information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Financial Instruments Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in millions)Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)TotalQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)Total
Other Assets
Deferred compensation plan investments (1)$134.1$—$—$134.1$132.0$—$—$132.0
Derivative financial instruments (fair value hedge)—5.3—$5.3—11.6—$11.6
Other Liabilities
Derivative financial instruments (cash flow hedge)———$——0.7—$0.7

*(1)*Approximately $17.7 million and $10.9 million of participant cash was withdrawn from our deferred compensation plan investments during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Nonrecurring Fair Value Disclosures. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recognized an impairment of approximately $41.0 million related to three land holdings, as further disclosed in Note 7. "Acquisitions, Dispositions, and Impairments". The fair market value of the impaired land holdings totaled approximately $46.7 million, which was determined using Level 3 inputs primarily based on comparable sales. We did not have any non-recurring fair value measurements during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Financial Instrument Fair Value Disclosures. The following table presents the carrying and estimated fair values of our notes payable at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in millions)Carrying ValueEstimated Fair ValueCarrying ValueEstimated Fair Value
Fixed rate notes payable$2,764.4$2,528.6$2,866.9$2,651.6
Floating rate notes payable (1)721.2733.0848.5864.9

*(1)*Includes the senior unsecured notes payable and a term loan due in 2026 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and includes balances outstanding under our unsecured revolving credit facility at December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2023, amount also includes a term loan due in 2024.

12. Net Change in Operating Accounts

The effect of changes in the operating accounts and other on cash flows from operating activities is as follows:

Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202420232022
Change in assets:
Other assets, net$(8,731)$(1,951)$(13,950)
Change in liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued expenses(3,336)13,639(2,990)
Accrued real estate taxes(17,776)96822,901
Other liabilities34,7172,018(6,207)
Other3,8803,3014,159
Change in operating accounts and other$8,754$17,975$3,913

F-22

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Construction Contracts. As of December 31, 2024, we estimate the additional cost to complete the three projects currently under construction to be approximately $243.6 million. We expect to fund this amount through a combination of one or more of the following: cash flows generated from operations, draws on our unsecured revolving credit facility, the use of debt and equity offerings under our automatic shelf registration statement, proceeds from property dispositions, equity issued from our ATM programs, other unsecured borrowings, or secured mortgages.

Litigation. We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims which arise in the ordinary course of business. Matters which arise out of allegation of bodily injury, property damage, and employment practices are generally covered by insurance. While the resolution of these legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, management currently believes the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial statements.

We have been named as a defendant in several cases alleging antitrust violations by RealPage, Inc. (“RealPage”), a seller of revenue management software and owners and/or operators of multifamily housing, including us, which utilize this software. The complaints allege collusion among the defendants to fix rents in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The U.S. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation has consolidated 43 cases, including those filed against us, into a single action in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee. Separate and apart from these private causes of action, on November 1, 2023, we, along with 13 other owners and/or operators of multifamily housing and RealPage were named as defendants in a lawsuit centering around the use of said revenue management software by the Attorney General of the District of Columbia. On February 28, 2024, we, along with 11 other owners and/or operators of multifamily housing and RealPage were named as defendants in a lawsuit centering around the use of said revenue management software by the Attorney General of Arizona. On January 7, 2025, we, along with six other owners and/or operators of multifamily housing, were named in a civil lawsuit brought by the U.S. Department of Justice and ten states against RealPage with similar allegations. Additionally, we have been informed by other state regulators they are investigating this matter. We believe these various lawsuits are without merit and we intend to vigorously defend against them. As these proceedings are in the early stages, it is not possible for the Company to predict the outcome nor is it possible to estimate the amount of loss, if any, which may be associated with an adverse decision in any of these cases.

Other Commitments and Contingencies. In the ordinary course of our business, we issue letters of intent indicating a willingness to negotiate for acquisitions, dispositions, or joint ventures and also enter into arrangements contemplating various transactions. Such letters of intent and other arrangements are non-binding as to either party unless and until a definitive contract is entered into by the parties. Even if definitive contracts relating to the purchase or sale of real property are entered into, these contracts generally provide the purchaser with time to evaluate the property and conduct due diligence, during which periods the purchaser will have the ability to terminate the contracts without penalty or forfeiture of any deposit or earnest money. There can be no assurance definitive contracts will be entered into with respect to any matter covered by letters of intent or we will consummate any transaction contemplated by any definitive contract. Furthermore, due diligence periods for real property are frequently extended as needed. An acquisition or sale of real property becomes probable at the time the due diligence period expires and the definitive contract has not been terminated. We are then at risk under a real property acquisition contract, but generally only to the extent of any earnest money deposits associated with the contract, and are obligated to sell under a real property sales contract. At December 31, 2024, we had approximately $2.6 million of earnest money deposits for potential acquisitions included in other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheet of which $0.5 million is non-refundable.

Lease Commitments. Substantially all of our operating leases recorded in our consolidated balance sheets are related to office facility leases. We had no significant changes to our lessee lease commitments for the year ended December 31, 2024. The lease and non-lease components, excluding short-term lease contracts with a duration of 12 months or less, are accounted for as a combined single component based upon the standalone price at the time the applicable lease is commenced and is recognized as a lease expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Most of our office facility leases include options to renew and generally are not included in the operating lease liabilities or ROU assets as they are not reasonably certain of being exercised. If an option to renew is exercised, it would be considered a separate contract and recognized based upon the standalone price at the time the option to renew is exercised. Variable lease payments which values are not known at lease commencement, such as executory costs of real estate taxes, property insurance, and common area maintenance, are expensed as incurred.

F-23

The following is a summary of our operating lease related information:

($ in millions)As of December 31,
Balance sheetClassification20242023
ROU assets, netOther assets, net$2.5$4.4
Operating lease liabilitiesOther liabilities$3.2$6.0
($ in millions)Year ended
Statement of income and comprehensive incomeClassification20242023
Rent expense related to operating lease liabilitiesGeneral and administrative expenses and property management expenses$2.6$2.7
Variable lease expenseGeneral and administrative expenses and property management expenses1.11.2
Total lease expense$3.7$3.9
($ in millions)Year ended
Statement of cash flowsClassification20242023
Cash flows from operating leasesNet cash from operating activities$2.4$2.6
Supplemental lease information
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)1.62.4
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases (1)4.9%5.1%

*(1)*We use a secured incremental borrowing rate, as defined by ASC 842, Leases, based on an estimated secured rate with applicable adjustments, as most of our lease contracts do not provide a readily determinable implicit rate.

The following is a summary of our maturities of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2024:

(in millions)
Year ending December 31,Operating Leases
2025$2.5
20260.6
20270.2
2028—
2029—
Thereafter—
Discount for time value(0.1)
Lease liability as of December 31, 2024 (1)$3.2

(1) In June 2024, the Company entered into a new corporate headquarters operating lease with future minimum payments in aggregate of approximately $29.6 million. As of December 31, 2024, this lease has not commenced and is not reflected on our consolidated balance sheets. This lease is expected to commence in the fourth quarter of fiscal year 2025 with a lease term of 12 years.

Employment Agreements. At December 31, 2024, we had employment agreements with 13 of our senior officers, the terms of which expire at various times through August 20, 2025. These agreements provide for minimum salary levels as well as various incentive compensation arrangements, which are payable based on the attainment of specific goals. The agreements also provide for severance payments and 12 provide a gross-up payment, or equivalent, if certain situations occur, such as termination without cause, or termination due to a change of control. In the case of 11 of the agreements, the severance payment equals one times the respective current annual base salary in the case of termination without cause, 2.99 times the respective average annual base salary over the previous three fiscal years in the case of a change of control and a termination of employment or a material adverse change in the scope of their duties, and in the case of termination through death or disability, the severance equals one times the annual base salary and targeted cash bonus for eight agreements, and incentive bonus in the case of three agreements. In the case of the other two agreements, the severance payment generally equals 2.99 times the respective average annual compensation over the previous three fiscal years in connection with, among other things, a termination without cause, termination through death or disability, or a change of control, and the officer would be entitled to receive continuation and vesting of certain benefits in the case of such termination.

Hurricanes. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we had hurricane related expenses of approximately $4.2 million of costs, net of anticipated insurance recoveries.

F-24

14. Reportable Segment

Each of our operating properties is considered a separate operating segment as each property earns revenues and incurs expenses, individual operating results are reviewed and discrete financial information is available. We do not distinguish or group our consolidated operations based on size or type and each community has similar long-term economic characteristics and provides similar products and services to our residents. Additionally, all of our operations are within the continental United States and no multifamily apartment community comprises more than 1.5% of consolidated revenues. As a result, our operating properties are aggregated into a single reportable segment.

The CODMs include the President and Chief Financial Officer and the Executive Vice President - Chief Operating Officer. The CODMs primarily assess performance of the Company based upon net operating income ("NOI"). The measure of segment assets, as defined in ASU 2023-07, is reported on the balance sheets as total consolidated assets. NOI is measured as total property revenues less total property operating expenses as reported on the consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. NOI excludes non-property revenues, other expenses, transactional gains and losses, equity in income of joint ventures, and income taxes. We consider NOI to be an appropriate measure of operating performance because it reflects the ongoing profitability and performance of our communities without an allocation of corporate level management expense or general and administrative costs. The CODMs utilize NOI to evaluate year-over-year growth of our communities from prior periods, as well as to monitor budget to actual results in assessing performance, allocating resources, and establishing compensation.

The following table details NOI and significant expenses for the years ended December 31:

(in thousands)202420232022
Property revenues$1,543,842$1,542,027$1,422,756
Property expenses:
Real estate taxes(193,124)(195,009)(182,344)
Salaries and benefits for on-site employees(102,776)(98,122)(92,275)
Utilities(107,819)(104,126)(96,534)
Repairs and maintenance(70,516)(69,435)(61,141)
Other non-significant property segment expenses (a)(84,570)(82,228)(65,787)
Net operating income985,037993,107924,675
Non-property income/(loss)24,18619,728(11,430)
Other expenses (b)(125,525)(113,327)(71,893)
Interest expense(129,815)(133,395)(113,424)
Depreciation and amortization(582,014)(574,813)(577,020)
Impairment associated with land development activities(40,988)——
Loss on early retirement of debt(921)(2,513)—
Gain on sale of operating properties43,806225,41636,372
Gain on acquisition of unconsolidated joint venture interests——474,146
Equity in income of joint ventures——3,048
Income tax expense(2,926)(3,650)(2,966)
Net income$170,840$410,553$661,508

(a) Other non-significant property segment expenses, include the following other property and maintenance expenses: property insurance, marketing and leasing, property general and administrative, and other property expenses.

(b) Other expenses include property management, fee and asset management, general and administrative, and expense/(benefit) on deferred compensation plans.

F-25

Camden Property Trust Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation As of December 31, 2024 ($ amounts in thousands)Schedule III
Initial CostTotal Cost
LandBuilding/ Construction in Progress & ImprovementsCost Subsequent to Acquisition/ ConstructionLandBuilding/ Construction in Progress & ImprovementsTotalAccumulated DepreciationTotal Cost, Net of Accumulated DepreciationEncumbrancesYear of Completion/ Acquisition
Current communities:
ARIZONA
Phoenix/Scottsdale
Camden Chandler$5,511$62,429$2,267$5,511$64,696$70,207$23,345$46,862$—2016
Camden Copper Square4,82523,67220,1164,82543,78848,61329,72018,893—2000
Camden Foothills11,00633,7121,93611,00635,64846,65413,74932,905—2014
Camden Legacy4,06826,61228,8184,06855,43059,49843,47016,028—1998
Camden Montierra13,68731,72713,37213,68745,09958,78618,63140,155—2012
Camden North End16,10882,62095316,10883,57399,68133,19966,482—2019
Camden North End II10,17670,09751210,17670,60980,78521,61659,169—2021
Camden Old Town Scottsdale23,22771,7845,26623,22777,050100,27728,76571,512—2019
Camden Pecos Ranch3,36224,49214,8313,36239,32342,68518,41024,275—2012
Camden San Marcos11,52035,16617,69611,52052,86264,38221,53642,846—2012
Camden San Paloma6,48023,04523,6566,48046,70153,18128,95024,231—2002
Camden Sotelo3,37630,5764,4603,37635,03638,41213,31825,094—2013
Camden Tempe9,24835,2541,7889,24837,04246,29013,95332,337—2015
Camden Tempe II18,51889,31748418,51889,801108,31915,95692,363—2023
CALIFORNIA
Los Angeles/Orange County
Camden Crown Valley9,38154,21025,5149,38179,72489,10551,45737,648—2001
Camden Glendale21,49296,1585,05321,492101,211122,70335,98686,717—2015
Camden Harbor View16,079127,45950,70616,079178,165194,244109,98484,260—2003
Camden Main and Jamboree17,36375,38717,41217,36392,799110,16239,36070,802—2008
The Camden18,286118,7303,00118,286121,731140,01740,22099,797—2016
San Diego/Inland Empire
Camden Hillcrest20,40972,48750720,40972,99493,40316,78776,616—2021
Camden Landmark17,33971,31516,78217,33988,097105,43634,95270,484—2012
Camden Old Creek20,36071,77711,13320,36082,910103,27047,23956,031—2007
Camden Sierra at Otay Ranch10,58549,78118,46910,58568,25078,83544,69734,138—2003
Camden Tuscany3,33036,46612,2963,33048,76252,09231,38620,706—2003
Camden Vineyards4,36728,49413,9844,36742,47846,84526,34020,505—2002
COLORADO
Denver
Camden Belleview Station8,09144,00313,7978,09157,80065,89125,04540,846—2012
Camden Caley2,04717,44514,0002,04731,44533,49223,9309,562—2000
Camden Denver West6,39651,55216,2706,39667,82274,21830,72443,494—2012
Camden Flatirons$6,849$72,631$2,973$6,849$75,604$82,453$29,214$53,239$—2015
Camden Highlands Ridge2,61234,72627,0582,61261,78464,39645,52218,874—1996
Camden Interlocken5,29331,61227,6785,29359,29064,58342,35622,227—1999
Camden Lakeway3,91534,12935,3333,91569,46273,37751,81421,563—1997
Camden Lincoln Station4,64851,7621,1054,64852,86757,51518,93738,578—2017
Camden RiNo15,98963,14746815,98963,61579,60420,98858,616—2020
WASHINGTON DC METRO
Camden Ashburn Farm4,83522,6047,6414,83530,24535,08019,03416,046—2005
Camden College Park16,40991,50317,81416,409109,317125,72647,47478,252—2008
Camden Dulles Station10,80761,54815,67910,80777,22788,03440,79447,240—2008
Camden Fair Lakes15,515104,22320,06515,515124,288139,80374,13565,668—2005
Camden Fairfax Corner8,48472,95315,7978,48488,75097,23451,82445,410—2006
Camden Fallsgrove9,40843,6479,4169,40853,06362,47132,00930,462—2005
Camden Grand Parc7,68835,9009,9487,68845,84853,53625,49528,041—2005
Camden Lansdowne15,502102,26731,50915,502133,776149,27883,79965,479—2005
Camden Monument Place9,03054,08913,1339,03067,22276,25236,90939,343—2007
Camden NoMa19,44282,3063,38219,44285,688105,13033,82071,310—2014
Camden NoMa II17,33191,21150817,33191,719109,05043,95765,093—2017
Camden Potomac Yard16,49888,31717,23816,498105,555122,05356,59865,455—2008
Camden Roosevelt11,47045,7859,42611,47055,21166,68132,58934,092—2005
Camden Shady Grove24,17789,8202,09624,17791,916116,09340,21575,878—2018
Camden Silo Creek9,70745,30111,8349,70757,13566,84234,41032,432—2005
Camden South Capitol24,829117,63890624,829118,544143,37320,953122,42051,5772022
Camden Washingtonian13,51275,13489013,51276,02489,53629,06760,469—2018
FLORIDA
Southeast Florida
Camden Atlantic9,00093,3401999,00093,539102,53913,83788,702—2022
Camden Aventura12,18547,61619,54812,18567,16479,34942,07037,279—2005
Camden Boca Raton2,20150,0572,5412,20152,59854,79919,83934,960—2014
Camden Brickell14,62157,03146,51814,621103,549118,17062,77755,393—2005
Camden Doral10,26040,41611,32410,26051,74062,00031,47430,526—2005
Camden Doral Villas6,47625,54310,6606,47636,20342,67923,03219,647—2005
Camden Las Olas12,39579,51846,54012,395126,058138,45373,53864,915—2005
Camden Plantation6,29977,96425,4266,299103,390109,68960,18449,505—2005
Camden Portofino9,86738,70218,7839,86757,48567,35232,95634,396—2005
Orlando
Camden Hunter's Creek4,15620,9259,0094,15629,93434,09019,24214,848—2005
Camden Lago Vista3,49729,6238,2033,49737,82641,32324,27817,045—2005
Camden Lake Eola$11,374$113,700$966$11,374$114,666$126,040$29,172$96,868$—2021
Camden LaVina12,90742,61714,01312,90756,63069,53723,38146,156—2012
Camden Lee Vista4,35034,64322,5704,35057,21361,56340,53321,030—2000
Camden North Quarter9,99068,4712,6289,99071,09981,08926,57354,516—2018
Camden Orange Court5,31940,73312,0635,31952,79658,11526,32031,795—2008
Camden Thornton Park11,71174,62810,61111,71185,23996,95029,06867,882—2018
Camden Town Square13,12745,9973,19513,12749,19262,31920,61341,706—2012
Camden Waterford Lakes19,50465,6471,23819,50466,88586,38915,02471,36529,2722022
Camden World Gateway5,78551,82118,3295,78570,15075,93539,28136,654—2005
Tampa/St. Petersburg
Camden Bay7,45063,28342,1777,450105,460112,91075,08337,827—1998/2002
Camden Central21,780149,2513,25521,780152,506174,28635,857138,429—2021
Camden Montague3,57616,5341,9263,57618,46022,0368,40713,629—2012
Camden Pier District21,149105,3835,32321,149110,706131,85541,15990,696—2018
Camden Preserve1,20617,98216,0831,20634,06535,27128,4536,818—1997
Camden Royal Palms2,14738,33913,1512,14751,49053,63725,45628,181—2007
Camden Visconti27,031114,0614,23827,031118,299145,33024,096121,23438,1892022
Camden Westchase Park11,95536,25410,26711,95546,52158,47617,89140,585—2012
GEORGIA
Atlanta
Camden Brookwood7,17431,98421,0317,17453,01560,18933,48026,709—2005
Camden Buckhead7,761156,9261,0227,761157,948165,70939,240126,469—2022
Camden Buckhead Square13,20043,7853,48713,20047,27260,47215,37845,094—2017
Camden Creekstone5,01719,9127,8135,01727,72532,74213,22419,518—2012
Camden Deerfield4,89521,92217,9164,89539,83844,73325,58919,144—2005
Camden Dunwoody5,29023,64220,4715,29044,11349,40325,45823,945—2005
Camden Fourth Ward10,47751,2583,25210,47754,51064,98721,56043,427—2014
Camden Midtown Atlanta6,19633,82814,9486,19648,77654,97231,63323,339—2005
Camden Paces15,262102,5213,91015,262106,431121,69340,92380,770—2015
Camden Peachtree City6,53629,06311,0606,53640,12346,65925,72520,934—2005
Camden Phipps26,84071,0068,20726,84079,213106,05314,64791,406—2022
Camden Shiloh4,18118,7987,8664,18126,66430,84517,68713,158—2005
Camden St. Clair7,52627,48616,8607,52644,34651,87225,71326,159—2005
Camden Stockbridge5,07122,6937,9695,07130,66235,73319,05016,683—2005
NORTH CAROLINA
Charlotte
Camden Ballantyne4,50330,25019,4924,50349,74254,24528,26125,984—2005
Camden Cotton Mills4,24619,1479,7554,24628,90233,14818,91614,232—2005
CoWork by Camden$814$3,422$34$814$3,456$4,270$1,280$2,990$—2019
Camden Dilworth51616,6336,98751623,62024,13614,07610,060—2006
Camden Fairview1,2837,22311,2211,28318,44419,72710,0449,683—2005
Camden Foxcroft1,4087,9198,2301,40816,14917,55710,1387,419—2005
Camden Foxcroft II1,1526,4995,0961,15211,59512,7477,6965,051—2005
Camden Gallery7,93051,9571,9427,93053,89961,82919,07342,756—2017
Camden Grandview7,57033,85922,2027,57056,06163,63133,66129,970—2005
Camden Grandview II4,65617,8522624,65618,11422,7705,85716,913—2019
Camden NoDa11,00396,64368711,00397,330108,33311,61896,715—2023
Camden Sedgebrook5,18729,21120,1905,18749,40154,58828,28226,306—2005
Camden South End6,62529,17520,9046,62550,07956,70432,02524,679—2005
Camden Southline29,75474,53354429,75475,077104,83113,97990,85232,5192022
Camden Stonecrest3,94122,0219,6753,94131,69635,63720,50915,128—2005
Camden Touchstone1,2036,7725,6351,20312,40713,6108,0715,539—2005
Raleigh
Camden Asbury Village17,51079,5851,49617,51081,08198,59116,41182,18029,1712022
Camden Carolinian14,76556,6742,43114,76559,10573,87016,66357,207—2019
Camden Crest4,41231,10823,2954,41254,40358,81528,85729,958—2005
Camden Durham15,271129,499715,271129,506144,7777,296137,4812024
Camden Governor's Village3,66920,50813,5273,66934,03537,70419,69318,011—2005
Camden Lake Pine5,74631,71418,8635,74650,57756,32333,19623,127—2005
Camden Manor Park2,53547,15915,0502,53562,20964,74437,55127,193—2006
Camden Overlook4,59125,56313,9384,59139,50144,09226,05718,035—2005
Camden Reunion Park2,93118,45715,0812,93133,53836,46922,24114,228—2005
Camden Westwood4,56725,51914,8544,56740,37344,94024,93820,002—2005
TENNESSEE
Nashville
Camden Franklin Park13,78588,5734,41313,78592,986106,77124,16082,611—2021
Camden Music Row21,802152,3402,94221,802155,282177,08437,211139,873—2021
TEXAS
Austin
Camden Amber Oaks9,98768,7192,1029,98770,82180,80816,25164,557—2022
Camden Amber Oaks II7,97350,0527977,97350,84958,82211,74747,075—2022
Camden Brushy Creek9,61854,0761,0609,61855,13664,75411,15053,60412,1492022
Camden Cedar Hills2,68420,9316,2932,68427,22429,90815,35314,555—2008
Camden Gaines Ranch5,09437,10023,4635,09460,56365,65733,77131,886—2005
Camden Huntingdon2,28917,39323,4022,28940,79543,08429,17013,914—1995
Camden La Frontera3,25032,3762,3053,25034,68137,93114,08523,846—2015
Camden Lamar Heights$3,988$42,773$2,144$3,988$44,917$48,905$17,888$31,017$—2015
Camden Rainey Street30,04485,4775,81330,04491,290121,33428,74692,588—2019
Camden Shadow Brook18,039101,5723,86018,039105,432123,47121,092102,37923,2992022
Camden Stoneleigh3,49831,28518,0093,49849,29452,79227,36325,429—2006
Dallas/Fort Worth
Camden Addison11,51629,33212,44111,51641,77353,28922,02431,265—2012
Camden Belmont12,52161,52211,45712,52172,97985,50031,11454,386—2012
Camden Buckingham2,70421,25115,4682,70436,71939,42328,95710,466—1997
Camden Centreport1,61312,64410,0421,61322,68624,29917,4936,806—1997
Camden Cimarron2,23114,09210,8812,23124,97327,20421,9555,249—1997
Camden Design District30,00490,6781,59530,00492,273122,27717,315104,962—2022
Camden Farmers Market17,34174,19347,84417,341122,037139,37880,34359,035—2001/2005
Camden Greenville42,645116,9234,14142,645121,064163,70919,479144,230—2021
Camden Henderson3,84215,2561,7153,84216,97120,8137,47413,339—2012
Camden Legacy Creek2,05212,8969,8862,05222,78224,83418,8525,982—1997
Camden Legacy Park2,56015,44918,2732,56033,72236,28223,74512,537—1997
Camden Panther Creek8,85062,8604,7808,85067,64076,49013,26863,22214,4232022
Camden Riverwalk24,961133,6982,78124,961136,479161,44027,629133,811—2022
Camden Valley Park3,09614,66721,3143,09635,98139,07732,1476,930—1994
Camden Victory Park13,44571,7353,03713,44574,77288,21726,81261,405—2016
Houston
Camden City Centre4,97644,73516,6174,97661,35266,32834,75131,577—2007
Camden City Centre II5,10128,1311,9135,10130,04435,14512,58022,565—2013
Camden Cypress Creek8,28269,3681,2018,28270,56978,85114,28364,56812,3862022
Camden Cypress Creek II5,94050,1022105,94050,31256,25210,15446,098—2022
Camden Downs at Cinco Ranch8,28577,0531,8208,28578,87387,15816,00171,157—2022
Camden Downtown7,813123,8191,2137,813125,032132,84543,35189,494—2020
Camden Grand Harbor7,84164,8345,6397,84170,47378,31413,75064,56411,8242022
Camden Greenway16,91643,93328,39516,91672,32889,24456,19933,045—1999
Camden Heights34,07988,8242,21834,07991,042125,12117,054108,06731,6572022
Camden Highland Village28,536111,80210,47628,536122,278150,81438,879111,935—2019
Camden Holly Springs11,10842,85217,46511,10860,31771,42530,98840,437—2012
Camden Long Meadow Farms7,83564,018107,83564,02871,8632,50769,356—2024
Camden McGowen Station6,08985,0384,1516,08989,18995,27834,37560,903—2018
Camden Midtown4,58318,02614,7884,58332,81437,39726,15411,243—1999
Camden Northpointe5,59381,2892,2055,59383,49489,08716,79372,29415,8472022
Camden Plaza7,20431,04411,2867,20442,33049,53420,12229,412—2007
Camden Post Oak14,05692,51524,73814,056117,253131,30951,49379,816—2013
Camden Royal Oaks$1,055$20,046$6,753$1,055$26,799$27,854$15,951$11,903$—2006
Camden Royal Oaks II58712,7435358712,79613,3835,4617,922—2012
Camden Spring Creek12,31773,9426,17212,31780,11492,43116,18676,245—2022
Camden Stonebridge1,0167,1378,9891,01616,12617,14213,7483,394—1993
Camden Sugar Grove7,61427,5948,0807,61435,67443,28816,98326,305—2012
Camden Travis Street1,78029,1043,4101,78032,51434,29416,45517,839—2010
Camden Vanderbilt16,07644,91854,07816,07698,996115,07268,61846,454—1994/1997
Camden Whispering Oaks1,18826,2424,2341,18830,47631,66416,47415,190—2008
Camden Woodmill Creek9,43762,77649,43762,78072,2174,77367,444—2024
Camden Woodson Park3,99562,4301,0503,99563,48067,47512,71754,75811,8772022
Camden Yorktown6,67368,5681,2816,67369,84976,52214,08362,43916,1682022
Total current communities:$1,722,526$9,364,571$1,935,677$1,722,526$11,300,248$13,022,774$4,867,405$8,155,369$330,358
Communities under construction:
Name / location
Camden Village District Raleigh, NC—122,009——122,009122,00917121,992—N/A
Camden South Charlotte Charlotte, NC—50,978——50,97850,978—50,978—N/A
Camden Blakeney Charlotte, NC—38,518——38,51838,518—38,518—N/A
Total communities under construction:$—$211,505$—$—$211,505$211,505$17$211,488$—
Development pipeline communities:
Name/location
Camden Nations Nashville, TN—42,986——42,98642,986—42,986—N/A
Camden Baker Denver, CO—36,598——36,59836,598—36,598—N/A
Camden Gulch Nashville, TN—52,765——52,76552,765—52,765—N/A
Total development pipeline communities:$—$132,349$—$—$132,349$132,349$—$132,349$—
Land Holdings$—$57,760$—$—$57,760$57,760$—$57,760$—N/A
Corporate$—$19,140$—$—$19,140$19,140$—$19,140$—N/A
$—$76,900$—$—$76,900$76,900$—$76,900$—
TOTAL$1,722,526$9,785,325$1,935,677$1,722,526$11,721,002$13,443,528$4,867,422$8,576,106$330,358

S-1

Camden Property Trust Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation As of December 31, 2023 (in thousands)Schedule III

The changes in total real estate assets for the years ended December 31:

202420232022
Balance, beginning of period$13,192,127$12,915,873$10,449,067
Additions during period:
Acquisition of operating properties——2,068,440
Development and repositions281,617309,678352,174
Improvements115,419109,257105,321
Deductions during period:
Cost of real estate disposed(104,647)(142,681)(59,129)
Impairment(40,988)——
Balance, end of period$13,443,528$13,192,127$12,915,873
The changes in accumulated depreciation for the years ended December 31:
202420232022
Balance, beginning of period$4,332,524$3,848,111$3,358,027
Depreciation of real estate assets569,409562,397515,413
Dispositions(34,511)(77,984)(25,329)
Balance, end of period$4,867,422$4,332,524$3,848,111

The aggregate cost for federal income tax purposes at December 31, 2024 was $11.3 billion.

S-2

Camden Property Trust Mortgage Loans on Real Estate As of December 31, 2024Schedule IV
($ in thousands) DescriptionInterest RateFinal Maturity Date (a)Periodic payment termsFace amount of mortgagesCarrying amount of mortgages (b)
Parking Garage Developer advances Houston, TX(c)October 1, 2025(d)$18,790$—

(a) The loan was paid in August 2024.

(b) The aggregate cost at December 31, 2024 for federal income tax purposes was $0.

(c) This loan bore interest at 7%.

(d) Payments consisted of annual interest and principal payments.

Changes in mortgage loans for the years ended December 31 are summarized below:

202420232022
Balance, beginning of period$2,087$3,532$4,978
Deductions:
Collections of principal(2,087)(1,445)(1,446)
Balance, end of period$—$2,087$3,532

S-3

Previous: Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules