filings.toolsItem 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Equifax Inc. MD&A is provided as a supplement to and should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements in Item 1 of this Form 10-Q. This section discusses the results of our operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to the three and six months ended June 30, 2024. All percentages have been calculated using unrounded amounts for each of the periods presented.
As used herein, the terms Equifax, the Company, we, our and us refer to Equifax Inc., a Georgia corporation, and its consolidated subsidiaries as a combined entity, except where it is clear that the terms mean only Equifax Inc.
All references to earnings per share data in MD&A are to diluted earnings per share, or EPS, unless otherwise noted. Diluted EPS is calculated to reflect the potential dilution that would occur if stock options or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised and resulted in additional common shares outstanding.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Equifax Inc. is a global data, analytics and technology company. We provide information solutions for businesses, governments and consumers, and we provide human resources business process automation and outsourcing services for employers. We have a large and diversified group of clients, including financial institutions, corporations, government agencies and individuals. Our services are based on comprehensive databases of consumer and business information derived from numerous sources including credit, financial assets, telecommunications and utility payments, employment, income, educational history, criminal justice data, healthcare professional licensure and sanctions, demographic and marketing data. We use advanced statistical techniques, artificial intelligence including machine learning and proprietary software tools to analyze available data to create customized insights, decision-making and process automation solutions and processing services for our clients. We are a leading provider of information and solutions used in payroll-related and human resource management business process services in the U.S., as well as e-commerce fraud and charge back protection services in North America. For consumers, we provide products and services to help people understand, manage and protect their personal information and make more informed financial decisions. Additionally, we also provide information, technology and services to support debt collections and recovery management.
We currently operate in four global regions: North America (U.S. and Canada), Asia Pacific (Australia, New Zealand and India), Europe (the U.K., Spain and Portugal) and Latin America (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican
Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). We maintain support operations in Chile, Costa Rica, India and Ireland. We also have investments in consumer and/or commercial credit information companies through joint ventures in Brazil, Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore.
Recent Events and Company Outlook
As further described in our 2024 Form 10-K, we operate in the U.S., which represented 76% of our revenue in 2024. Additionally, we operate internationally in 20 countries. Our products and services span a wide variety of vertical markets including financial services, mortgage, talent solutions, federal, state and local governments, automotive, telecommunications, e-commerce and many others.
Demand for our services tends to be correlated to general levels of economic activity and to consumer credit and small business commercial credit decisioning and portfolio review, marketing, identity validation and fraud protection activity, employee hiring and onboarding activity, and activity in provisioning support services in the U.S. by government agencies. Demand is also enhanced by our initiatives to expand our products, capabilities and markets served.
We remain in a period of economic uncertainty in the U.S. and our global markets, including uncertainty regarding expectations for inflation and interest rates. The direction of global economies, inflation and interest rates will have an impact on demand for our services.
Our current planning for 2025 assumes that U.S. economic activity, as measured by GDP, will grow at a rate somewhat lower than in 2024. We expect U.S. mortgage credit activity in 2025 to be below the levels of activity seen in 2024. The U.S. mortgage market, particularly the mortgage refinance portion of the U.S. mortgage market, can be significantly impacted by U.S. interest rates which impact mortgage rates available to consumers. In the international markets in which we operate, our planning also assumes that economic activity, as measured by GDP, will generally grow in 2025 at rates below those experienced in 2024. As noted above, due to the current significant economic and market volatility and uncertainty, these assumptions may change.
For more information, see “Item 1A. Risk FactorsーNegative changes in general economic conditions, including interest rates, the level of inflation, unemployment rates, income, home prices, investment values and consumer confidence, could adversely affect us,” in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Segment and Geographic Information
Segments. The Workforce Solutions segment consists of the Verification Services and Employer Services business lines. Verification Services revenue is transaction and subscription based and is derived primarily from verifications of employment and income data, as well as criminal justice data and educational background data. Employer Services revenue is derived from our provision of certain human resources business process outsourcing services that include both transaction and subscription based product offerings. These services include unemployment claims management, I-9 and onboarding services, Affordable Care Act ("ACA") compliance management, tax credits and incentives and other complementary employment-based transaction services.
The USIS segment consists of two service lines: Online Information Solutions and Financial Marketing Services. Online Information Solutions revenue is principally transaction-based and is derived from our sales of products such as consumer and commercial credit reporting and scoring, identity management, fraud detection, modeling services and consumer credit monitoring services. USIS also markets certain analytical and decisioning software and services which facilitate and automate a variety of consumer and commercial credit-oriented decisions. Online Information Solutions also includes our U.S. consumer credit monitoring solutions business. Financial Marketing Services revenue is principally project and subscription based and is derived from our sales of batch credit and consumer wealth information such as those that assist clients in acquiring new customers, cross-selling to existing customers and managing portfolio risk.
The International segment consists of Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific and Canada. Canada’s services are similar to our USIS offerings. Asia Pacific, Europe and Latin America are made up of varying mixes of service lines that are generally consistent with those in our USIS reportable segment. We also provide information and technology services to support lenders and other creditors in the collections and recovery management process.
Geographic Information. We currently have operations in the following countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, India, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Peru, Portugal, Spain, the U.K., Uruguay and the U.S. We also have investments in consumer and/or commercial
credit information companies through joint ventures in Brazil, Cambodia, Malaysia and Singapore. Approximately 77% and 76% of our revenue was generated in the U.S. during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Approximately 77% of our revenue was generated in the U.S. during both the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.
Seasonality. We experience seasonality in certain of our revenue streams. Revenue generated by the online consumer information services component of our USIS operating segment is typically the lowest during the first quarter, when consumer lending activity is at a seasonal low. Revenue generated from the Employer Services business unit within the Workforce Solutions operating segment is generally higher in the first quarter due primarily to the provision of 1095-C services that occur in the first quarter each year. Revenue generated from our financial wealth asset products and data management services in our Financial Marketing Services business is generally higher in the fourth quarter each year due to the significant portion of our annual renewals and deliveries which occur then. Mortgage related revenue is generally higher in the second and third quarters of the year due to the increase in consumer home purchasing during the summer in the U.S. Any change in the U.S. mortgage market has a corresponding impact on revenue and operating profit for our business within the Workforce Solutions and USIS operating segments.
Key Performance Indicators. Management focuses on a variety of key indicators to monitor operating and financial performance. These performance indicators include measurements of operating revenue, change in operating revenue, operating income, operating margin, net income, diluted earnings per share, cash provided by operating activities and capital expenditures. The key performance indicators for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
| Key Performance Indicators | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenue | $ | 1,537.0 | $ | 1,430.5 | $ | 2,979.0 | $ | 2,819.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenue change | 7 | % | 9 | % | 6 | % | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating income | $ | 310.8 | $ | 282.2 | $ | 546.7 | $ | 506.9 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 20.2 | % | 19.7 | % | 18.4 | % | 18.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Equifax | $ | 191.3 | $ | 163.9 | $ | 324.3 | $ | 288.7 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share | $ | 1.53 | $ | 1.31 | $ | 2.59 | $ | 2.31 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash provided by operating activities | $ | 361.1 | $ | 267.5 | $ | 585.0 | $ | 520.2 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures* | $ | (122.2) | $ | (131.0) | $ | (223.4) | $ | (255.7) |
*Amounts include accruals for capital expenditures.
Operational and Financial Highlights
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On April 21, 2025, the Board of Directors terminated the existing share repurchase authorization and approved an authorization to repurchase up to $3 billion of shares of common stock. We repurchased 479,506 shares of our common stock on the open market for $127.4 million, excluding brokerage commissions and excise taxes of $0.7 million, during the first six months of 2025, all of which was purchased in the three months ended June 30, 2025. We did not repurchase any shares from public market transactions during the first six months of 2024. At June 30, 2025, approximately $2.9 billion was available for future purchases of common stock under our share repurchase authorization.
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On April 21, 2025, the Board of Directors approved an increase in our quarterly cash dividend to $0.50 per share beginning in the second quarter of 2025. We paid out $110.5 million, or $0.89 per share, in dividends to our shareholders during the first six months of 2025.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS—THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2025 AND 2024
Consolidated Financial Results
Operating Revenue
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Revenue | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Workforce Solutions | $ | 662.1 | $ | 612.9 | $ | 49.2 | 8 | % | $ | 1,280.7 | $ | 1,215.7 | $ | 65.0 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Information Solutions | 521.5 | 478.3 | 43.2 | 9 | % | 1,021.3 | 943.6 | 77.7 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | 353.4 | 339.3 | 14.1 | 4 | % | 677.0 | 660.6 | 16.4 | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating revenue | $ | 1,537.0 | $ | 1,430.5 | $ | 106.5 | 7 | % | $ | 2,979.0 | $ | 2,819.9 | $ | 159.1 | 6 | % |
Revenue increased by $106.5 million, or 7%, and increased by $159.1 million, or 6%, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. Total revenue was negatively impacted by foreign exchange rates, which decreased revenue by $5.9 million, or less than 1%, and $25.9 million, or 1%, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Revenue increased for both periods due to revenue growth in all three business units. USIS revenue growth is primarily due to growth in mortgage revenue and non-mortgage revenue in Online Information Solutions, as well as growth in Financial Marketing Services. Workforce Solutions revenue growth is primarily due to growth in Verification Services, partially offset by declines in Employer Services. International revenue growth for both periods is primarily driven by growth in Europe and Latin America.
Operating Expenses
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Expenses | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated cost of services | $ | 664.6 | $ | 630.9 | $ | 33.7 | 5 | % | $ | 1,321.2 | $ | 1,258.6 | $ | 62.6 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated selling, general and administrative expenses | 384.2 | 352.6 | 31.6 | 9 | % | 759.1 | 725.2 | 33.9 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated depreciation and amortization expense | 177.4 | 164.8 | 12.6 | 8 | % | 352.0 | 329.2 | 22.8 | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating expenses | $ | 1,226.2 | $ | 1,148.3 | $ | 77.9 | 7 | % | $ | 2,432.3 | $ | 2,313.0 | $ | 119.3 | 5 | % |
Cost of services increased $33.7 million and $62.6 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to higher revenue share, royalty and purchased data and information costs, partially offset by a decrease in people costs. The impact of changes in foreign exchange rates on costs of services led to a decrease of $1.3 million and $10.0 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $31.6 million and $33.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to higher litigation expense and people costs. The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates led to a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses of $2.6 million and $9.4 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Depreciation and amortization expense increased $12.6 million and $22.8 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to increased amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs resulting from technology transformation capital spending incurred previously, partially offset by lower amortization of acquisition related purchased intangibles. The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates led to a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense of $0.2 million and $2.7 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Operating Income and Operating Margin
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Operating Income | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating revenue | $ | 1,537.0 | $ | 1,430.5 | $ | 106.5 | 7 | % | $ | 2,979.0 | $ | 2,819.9 | $ | 159.1 | 6 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating expenses | 1,226.2 | 1,148.3 | 77.9 | 7 | % | 2,432.3 | 2,313.0 | 119.3 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating income | $ | 310.8 | $ | 282.2 | $ | 28.6 | 10 | % | $ | 546.7 | $ | 506.9 | $ | 39.8 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating margin | 20.2 | % | 19.7 | % | 0.5 | pts | 18.4 | % | 18.0 | % | 0.4 | pts |
Total company operating margin increased by 0.5 percentage points and 0.4 percentage points in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The margin increase in both periods is due to the aforementioned increases in revenue.
Interest Expense and Other Income (Expense), net
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Interest Expense and Other Income (Expense), net | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated interest expense | $ | (53.1) | $ | (57.3) | $ | 4.2 | (7) | % | $ | (106.0) | $ | (117.1) | $ | 11.1 | (9) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated other income (expense), net | 3.6 | (0.3) | 3.9 | nm | 6.0 | 1.3 | 4.7 | nm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average cost of debt | 4.3 | % | 4.1 | % | 4.3 | % | 4.2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated debt, net, at quarter end | $ | 4,898.0 | $ | 5,512.3 | $ | (614.3) | (11) | % | $ | 4,898.0 | $ | 5,512.3 | $ | (614.3) | (11) | % |
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Interest expense decreased by $4.2 million and $11.1 million in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The decrease for both periods is due to lower overall debt balances when compared to the same periods in 2024.
Other income (expense), net, increased by $3.9 million and $4.7 million in the second quarter of 2025 and in the first six months of 2025, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to higher equity investment income and a decrease in other non-operating expenses as compared to the same periods in 2024.
Income Taxes
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Provision for Income Taxes | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated provision for income taxes | $ | (68.7) | $ | (59.4) | $ | (9.3) | 16 | % | $ | (120.3) | $ | (99.9) | $ | (20.4) | 20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective income tax rate | 26.3 | % | 26.4 | % | 26.9 | % | 25.5 | % |
Our effective income tax rate was 26.3% for the three months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 26.4% for the three months ended June 30, 2024. Our effective income tax rate was 26.9% for the six months ended June 30, 2025 compared to 25.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2024. Our effective tax rate did not change materially for the three months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024. Our effective tax rate was higher for the six months ended June 30, 2025 as compared to the same period in 2024 primarily due to the expiration of the statute of limitations related to uncertain tax positions in 2024.
Net Income
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated Net Income | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions, except per share amounts) | (In millions, except per share amounts) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated operating income | $ | 310.8 | $ | 282.2 | $ | 28.6 | 10 | % | $ | 546.7 | $ | 506.9 | $ | 39.8 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated interest expense and other income, net | (49.5) | (57.6) | 8.1 | (14) | % | (100.0) | (115.8) | 15.8 | (14) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated provision for income taxes | (68.7) | (59.4) | (9.3) | 16 | % | (120.3) | (99.9) | (20.4) | 20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Consolidated net income | 192.6 | 165.2 | 27.4 | 17 | % | 326.4 | 291.2 | 35.2 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests including redeemable noncontrolling interests | (1.3) | (1.3) | — | — | % | (2.1) | (2.5) | 0.4 | (16) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Equifax | $ | 191.3 | $ | 163.9 | $ | 27.4 | 17 | % | $ | 324.3 | $ | 288.7 | $ | 35.6 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per common share: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Equifax | $ | 1.53 | $ | 1.31 | $ | 0.22 | 17 | % | $ | 2.59 | $ | 2.31 | $ | 0.28 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted-average shares used in computing diluted earnings per share | 125.0 | 124.8 | 125.1 | 124.7 |
Consolidated net income increased by $27.4 million and $35.2 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase in both periods is due to increased operating income and lower interest expense, partially offset by higher income tax expense.
Segment Financial Results
Workforce Solutions
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Workforce Solutions | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Verification Services | $ | 567.1 | $ | 515.9 | $ | 51.2 | 10 | % | $ | 1,069.3 | $ | 992.3 | $ | 77.0 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Employer Services | 95.0 | 97.0 | (2.0) | (2) | % | 211.4 | 223.4 | (12.0) | (5) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenue | $ | 662.1 | $ | 612.9 | $ | 49.2 | 8 | % | $ | 1,280.7 | $ | 1,215.7 | $ | 65.0 | 5 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of consolidated revenue | 43 | % | 43 | % | 43 | % | 43 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating income | $ | 307.3 | $ | 272.7 | $ | 34.6 | 13 | % | $ | 571.4 | $ | 527.8 | $ | 43.6 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 46.4 | % | 44.5 | % | 1.9 | pts | 44.6 | % | 43.4 | % | 1.2 | pts |
Workforce Solutions revenue increased by 8% and 5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is due to an increase in both non-mortgage and mortgage verticals within Verification Services, partially offset by declines in Employer Services.
Verification Services
Revenue increased by 10% and 8% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase in revenue in both periods is due to growth in both non-mortgage revenue, primarily from growth in the government and talent solutions verticals, as well as growth in mortgage revenue.
Employer Services
Revenue decreased by 2% and 5% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The decrease in revenue for the second quarter of 2025 is primarily due to declines in I-9 and unemployment claims revenue, partially offset by higher revenue from our work opportunity tax credit services. The decrease in revenue for the first six months of 2025 is primarily due to declines in I-9, ACA, Employee Retention Credit ("ERC") and
unemployment claims revenue. The ERC revenue decrease is driven by the wind down of this program by the U.S. federal government.
Workforce Solutions Operating Margin
Operating margin increased to 46.4% for the second quarter of 2025 from 44.5% for the second quarter of 2024, and increased to 44.6% for the first six months of 2025 from 43.4% for the first six months of 2024. The increased margin for both periods is primarily due to the aforementioned increase in revenue.
USIS
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. Information Solutions | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Online Information Solutions | $ | 457.8 | $ | 418.2 | $ | 39.6 | 9 | % | $ | 905.9 | $ | 836.4 | $ | 69.5 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial Marketing Services | 63.7 | 60.1 | 3.6 | 6 | % | 115.4 | 107.2 | 8.2 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenue | $ | 521.5 | $ | 478.3 | $ | 43.2 | 9 | % | $ | 1,021.3 | $ | 943.6 | $ | 77.7 | 8 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of consolidated revenue | 34 | % | 33 | % | 34 | % | 33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating income | $ | 118.0 | $ | 98.6 | $ | 19.4 | 20 | % | $ | 223.6 | $ | 191.2 | $ | 32.4 | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 22.6 | % | 20.6 | % | 2.0 | pts | 21.9 | % | 20.3 | % | 1.6 | pts |
USIS revenue increased by 9% and 8% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to growth in Online Information Solutions which is due to growth in both mortgage and non-mortgage revenue, as well as growth in Financial Marketing Services. Growth in mortgage related services is primarily due to product pricing, partially offset by lower mortgage credit inquiry volumes in the current year compared to the prior year periods.
Online Information Solutions
Revenue increased by 9% and 8% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is driven by growth in mortgage related services, as well as growth in non-mortgage online services and consumer solutions revenue. The growth in mortgage related services for both periods is primarily due to product pricing, partially offset by lower mortgage credit inquiry volumes in the current year compared to the prior year periods.
Financial Marketing Services
Revenue increased by 6% and 8% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to growth in credit marketing services.
USIS Operating Margin
USIS operating margin increased to 22.6% for the second quarter of 2025 from 20.6% for the second quarter of 2024 and increased to 21.9% for the first six months of 2025 from 20.3% for the first six months of 2024. The margin increase for both periods is due to the aforementioned increase in revenue, partially offset by an increase in operating expenses. Operating expenses increased for both periods due to an increase in certain product revenue royalty costs, partially offset by a decline in people costs.
International
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| International | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating revenue: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Latin America | $ | 99.6 | $ | 97.3 | $ | 2.3 | 2 | % | $ | 193.8 | $ | 188.4 | $ | 5.4 | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 99.2 | 88.2 | 11.0 | 12 | % | 185.7 | 174.4 | 11.3 | 7 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 85.3 | 84.6 | 0.7 | 1 | % | 165.0 | 162.9 | 2.1 | 1 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 69.3 | 69.2 | 0.1 | — | % | 132.5 | 134.9 | (2.4) | (2) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating revenue | $ | 353.4 | $ | 339.3 | $ | 14.1 | 4 | % | $ | 677.0 | $ | 660.6 | $ | 16.4 | 2 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| % of consolidated revenue | 23 | % | 24 | % | 23 | % | 24 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating income | $ | 38.6 | $ | 40.4 | $ | (1.8) | (4) | % | $ | 64.0 | $ | 72.3 | $ | (8.3) | (11) | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating margin | 10.9 | % | 11.9 | % | (1.0) | pts | 9.5 | % | 10.9 | % | (1.4) | pts |
International revenue increased by 4% and 2% in the second quarter and the first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 6% in both the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024, driven by local currency growth in Latin America, primarily from Argentina and Brazil, as well as local currency growth in Europe, Asia Pacific and Canada. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenue by $5.9 million, or 2%, for the second quarter of 2025, and by $25.9 million, or 4%, for the first six months of 2025.
Latin America
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 11% and 13% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase in both periods is primarily due to local currency growth in Argentina and Brazil. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenue by $8.0 million, or 9%, and $19.5 million, or 10%, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, primarily within Brazil and Argentina. Reported revenue increased by 2% and 3% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Europe
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 6% and 4% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase in both periods is primarily due to growth in the consumer credit reporting businesses in the U.K. and Spain. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar positively impacted revenue by $5.3 million, or 6%, and $4.5 million, or 3%, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively. Reported revenue increased by 12% and 7% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
Asia Pacific
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 4% and 5% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily driven by growth in the Australia commercial and consumer credit reporting businesses. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenue by $2.3 million, or 3%, and $6.1 million, or 4%, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively. Reported revenue increased by 1% for both the second quarter and first six months of 2025 compared to the same periods in 2024.
Canada
On a local currency basis, revenue increased by 1% and 2% in the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase in both periods is driven by growth in the direct to consumer business. Local currency fluctuations against the U.S. dollar negatively impacted revenue by $0.8 million, or 1%, and $4.8 million, or 4%, for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively. Reported revenue was flat and decreased by 2% for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024.
International Operating Margin
Operating margin decreased to 10.9% for the second quarter of 2025 from 11.9% for the second quarter of 2024 and decreased to 9.5% for the first six months of 2025 from 10.9% for the first six months of 2024. The decrease in both periods is primarily due to higher people costs, increased amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs resulting from technology transformation capital spending incurred previously and higher cloud costs. The decrease for both periods is partially offset by the increase in revenue.
General Corporate Expense
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Change | Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Corporate Expense | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | 2025 | 2024 | $ | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | (In millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General corporate expense | $ | 153.1 | $ | 129.5 | $ | 23.6 | 18 | % | $ | 312.3 | $ | 284.4 | $ | 27.9 | 10 | % |
Our general corporate expenses are unallocated costs that are incurred at the corporate level and include those expenses impacted by the overall management and strategic choices of the company, including shared services overhead, technology, security, data and analytics, administrative, legal, restructuring, and the portion of management incentive compensation determined by total company-wide performance.
General corporate expense increased by $23.6 million and $27.9 million for the second quarter and first six months of 2025, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2024. The increase for both periods is primarily due to higher litigation expense, depreciation and amortization of capitalized internal-use software costs and people costs.
LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL CONDITION
Management assesses liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to fund operating, investing and financing activities. We continue to generate substantial cash from operating activities, remain in a strong financial position and manage our capital structure to meet short- and long-term objectives including reinvestment in existing businesses and completing strategic acquisitions.
Funds generated by operating activities, our $1.5 billion five year unsecured revolving credit facility ("Revolver") and related commercial paper ("CP") program, more fully described below, are our most significant sources of liquidity. At June 30, 2025, we had $189.0 million in cash and cash equivalents, as well as $1.3 billion available to borrow under our Revolver.
Sources and Uses of Cash
We believe that our existing cash balance, liquidity available from our CP and Revolver, cash generated from ongoing operations and continued access to public or private debt markets will be sufficient to satisfy cash requirements over the next 12 months and beyond. While there was no significant change in our cash requirements as of June 30, 2025 compared to December 31, 2024, we have utilized existing CP capacity, together with cash from operating activities, to meet our current obligations.
Fund Transfer Limitations. The ability of certain of our subsidiaries and associated companies to transfer funds to the U.S. may be limited, in some cases, by certain restrictions imposed by foreign governments. These restrictions do not, individually or in the aggregate, materially limit our ability to service our indebtedness, meet our current obligations or pay dividends. As of June 30, 2025, we held $175.5 million of cash in our foreign subsidiaries.
Information about our cash flows, by category, is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The following table summarizes our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024:
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used in): | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 vs. 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating activities | $ | 585.0 | $ | 520.2 | $ | 64.8 | ||||||||||||||
| Investing activities | $ | (228.6) | $ | (268.6) | $ | 40.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Financing activities | $ | (346.8) | $ | (280.7) | $ | (66.1) |
Operating Activities
Cash provided by operating activities in the six months ended June 30, 2025 increased by $64.8 million compared to the prior year period primarily due to increased net income.
Investing Activities
Capital Expenditures
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash used in: | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 vs. 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital expenditures* | $ | (229.4) | $ | (268.6) | $ | 39.2 |
*Amounts above are total cash outflows for capital expenditures.
Our capital expenditures are used for developing, enhancing and deploying new and existing software in support of our expanding product set, replacing or adding equipment, updating systems for regulatory compliance, the licensing of certain software applications, investing in system reliability, security and disaster recovery enhancements, and updating or expanding our office facilities.
Capital expenditures in the first six months of 2025 decreased by $39.2 million from the same period in 2024 due to lower capitalized software costs and lower spending on technology infrastructure as compared to the first six months of 2024.
Financing Activities
Borrowings and Credit Facility Availability
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by: | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 vs. 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net short-term payments | $ | (115.9) | $ | (194.2) | $ | 78.3 | ||||||||||||||
Credit Facility Availability
We have access to a $1.5 billion five year unsecured revolving credit facility (the Revolver), which matures in August 2028. Borrowings under the Revolver may be used for working capital, for capital expenditures, to refinance existing debt, to finance acquisitions and for other general corporate purposes. The Revolver includes an option to request a maximum of three one-year extensions of the maturity date any time after the first anniversary of the closing date of the Revolver. In May 2025, we exercised our second option to extend the maturity date by one year, from August 2027 to August 2028, and thus have one extension option remaining. Availability of the Revolver is reduced by the outstanding principal balance of our Commercial Paper ("CP") notes and by any letters of credit issued under the Revolver.
Our $1.5 billion CP program has been established to allow for borrowing through the private placement of CP notes with maturities ranging from overnight to 397 days. We may use the proceeds of CP notes for general corporate purposes. The CP program is supported by our Revolver and the total amount of CP notes that may be issued is reduced by the amount of any outstanding borrowings under our Revolver and by any letters of credit issued under the facility.
As of June 30, 2025, there were $1.4 million of letters of credit outstanding, no outstanding borrowings under the Revolver and $169.2 million of outstanding CP notes. Availability under the Revolver was $1.3 billion at June 30, 2025.
At June 30, 2025, approximately 97% of our debt was fixed-rate debt and 3% was variable-rate debt. Our variable-rate debt consists of outstanding amounts under our CP program. The interest rates reset periodically, depending on the terms of the respective financing agreements. At June 30, 2025, the interest rate on our variable-rate debt ranged from 4.56% to 4.68%.
Borrowing and Repayment Activity
We primarily borrow under our CP program and Revolver as needed and as availability allows.
Net short-term payments primarily represent net borrowings or repayments of outstanding amounts under our CP program.
There were no borrowings or payments on long-term debt for the first six months of 2025. There were no borrowings on long-term debt for the first six months of 2024. Payments on long-term debt for the first six months of 2024 represented $8.8 million in payments on our then-outstanding term loan.
Debt Covenants. A downgrade in our credit ratings would increase the cost of borrowings under our CP program and our Revolver, and could limit or, in the case of a significant downgrade, preclude our ability to issue CP. Our outstanding indentures and comparable instruments also contain customary covenants including, for example, limits on mortgages, liens, sale/leaseback transactions, mergers and sales of assets.
The Revolver requires a maximum leverage ratio, defined as consolidated funded debt divided by consolidated EBITDA, of 3.75 to 1.0. We may also elect to increase the maximum leverage ratio by 0.5 to 1.0 (subject to a maximum leverage ratio of 4.25 to 1.0) in connection with certain material acquisitions if we satisfy certain requirements. The Revolver also permits cash in excess of $175 million to be netted against debt in the calculation of the leverage ratio, subject to certain restrictions.
As of June 30, 2025, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.
We do not have any credit rating triggers that would accelerate the maturity of a material amount of our outstanding debt; however, our 2.6% senior notes due 2025, 3.25% senior notes due 2026, 5.1% senior notes due 2027, 5.1% senior notes due 2028, 4.8% senior notes due 2029, 3.1% senior notes due 2030, 2.35% senior notes due 2031 and 7.0% senior notes due 2037 (collectively, the “Senior Notes”) contain change in control provisions. If we experience a change of control or publicly announce an intention to effect a change of control and the rating on the Senior Notes is lowered by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) below an investment grade rating within 60 days of such change of control or notice thereof, then we will be required to offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest.
For additional information about our debt, including the terms of our financing arrangements, basis for variable interest rates and debt covenants, see Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Equity Transactions
| Six Months Ended June 30, | Change | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net cash (used in) provided by: | 2025 | 2024 | 2025 vs. 2024 | |||||||||||||||||
| (In millions) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Treasury stock repurchases | $ | (127.4) | $ | — | $ | (127.4) | ||||||||||||||
| Dividends paid to Equifax shareholders | $ | (110.5) | $ | (96.4) | $ | (14.1) | ||||||||||||||
| Proceeds from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan | $ | 24.4 | $ | 38.1 | $ | (13.7) | ||||||||||||||
| Payment of taxes related to settlement of equity awards | $ | (13.2) | $ | (16.0) | $ | 2.8 | ||||||||||||||
Sources and uses of cash related to equity during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:
- During the first six months of 2025, we repurchased 479,506 shares of our common stock on the open market. During the first six months of 2024, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock on the open market.
- On April 21, 2025, the Board of Directors approved an increase in our quarterly cash dividend to $0.50 per share beginning in the second quarter of 2025. We paid cash dividends to Equifax shareholders of $110.5 million, or $0.89 per share, and $96.4 million, or $0.78 per share, during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
- We received cash of $24.4 million and $38.1 million during the first six months of 2025 and 2024, respectively, from the exercise of stock options and the employee stock purchase plan.
- We paid taxes of $13.2 million and $16.0 million related to the settlement of equity awards during the first six months of 2025 and 2024, respectively.
On April 21, 2025, the Board of Directors terminated the existing share repurchase authorization and approved an authorization to repurchase up to $3 billion of shares of common stock. At June 30, 2025, approximately $2.9 billion was available for future purchases of common stock under our share repurchase authorization.
Contractual Obligations, Commercial Commitments and Other Contingencies
Our contractual obligations and commercial commitments have not changed materially from those reported in our 2024 Form 10-K. For additional information about certain obligations and contingencies, see Note 6 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There have been no material changes with respect to our off-balance sheet arrangements from those presented in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Benefit Plans
At December 31, 2024, our U.S. Retirement Income Plan met or exceeded ERISA’s minimum funding requirements. In the future, we expect to make minimum funding contributions as required and may make discretionary contributions, depending on certain circumstances, including market conditions and our liquidity needs. We believe additional funding contributions, if any, would not prevent us from continuing to meet our liquidity needs, which are primarily funded from cash flows generated by operating activities, available cash and cash equivalents, our CP program and our Revolver.
For our non-U.S. tax-qualified retirement plans, we fund an amount sufficient to meet minimum funding requirements but no more than allowed as a tax deduction pursuant to applicable tax regulations. For our non-qualified supplementary retirement plans, we fund the benefits as they are paid to retired participants, but accrue the associated expense and liabilities in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
For additional information about our benefit plans, see Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.
Foreign Currency
Argentina experienced multiple periods of increasing inflation rates, devaluation of the peso, and increasing borrowing rates. As such, Argentina was deemed a highly inflationary economy by accounting policymakers. Beginning in the third quarter of 2018, we have accounted for Argentina as a highly inflationary economy which resulted in the recognition of a $1.3 million and $0.1 million foreign currency loss that was recorded in Other income (expense), net in our Consolidated Statements of Income during the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
For information about new accounting pronouncements and the potential impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.
APPLICATION OF CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP. This requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities in our Consolidated Financial Statements and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe the most complex and sensitive judgments, because of their significance to the Consolidated Financial Statements, result primarily from the need to make estimates and assumptions about the effects of matters that are inherently uncertain. The “Application of Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section in the MD&A, and Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, in our 2024 Form 10-K describe the significant accounting estimates and policies used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Although we believe that our estimates, assumptions and judgments are reasonable, they are based upon information available at the time. Actual results may differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions, judgments or conditions.
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