Item 1. BUSINESS

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Item 1. BUSINESS

Gilead Sciences, Inc. (including its consolidated subsidiaries, referred to as “Gilead,” the “company,” “we,” “our” or “us”) is a biopharmaceutical company that has pursued and achieved breakthroughs in medicine for more than three decades, with the goal of creating a healthier world for all people. We are committed to advancing innovative medicines to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases, including HIV, viral hepatitis, coronavirus disease 2019 (“COVID-19”) and cancer. We operate in more than 35 countries worldwide, with headquarters in Foster City, California.

Our Business

Products

We have transformed care for people around the world by discovering, developing and delivering innovative medicines to address unmet medical needs in virology, oncology and other therapeutic areas. Our innovative medicines represent advancements by offering first-in-class therapies, greater efficacy, enhanced modes of delivery, more convenient treatment and prevention regimens, improved resistance profiles and reduced side effects.

In 2023, our primary revenue-generating products and the approved indications in the U.S. were as follows:

HIV

Biktarvy****®** is an oral formulation dosed once a day for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. Biktarvy is a single-tablet regimen of a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, bictegravir, emtricitabine (“FTC”) and tenofovir alafenamide (“TAF”).
Genvoya****®** is an oral formulation dosed once a day for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. Genvoya is a single-tablet regimen of a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, elvitegravir, cobicistat, FTC and TAF.
Descovy****®** is an oral formulation indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. Descovy is a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, FTC and TAF. Descovy is also approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) for a pre-exposure prophylaxis (“PrEP”) indication to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in certain at-risk patients.
Odefsey****®** is an oral formulation dosed once a day for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. Odefsey is a single-tablet regimen of a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, FTC and TAF, and rilpivirine marketed by Janssen Sciences Ireland Unlimited Company, one of the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson (“Janssen”).
Complera****®/Eviplera®** is an oral formulation dosed once a day for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. The product, marketed in the U.S. as Complera and in Europe as Eviplera, is a single-tablet regimen of a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (“TDF”) and FTC, and Janssen’s rilpivirine hydrochloride.
Truvada****®** is an oral formulation indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. Truvada is a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, TDF and FTC. Truvada is also approved by FDA for a PrEP indication to reduce the risk of sexually acquired HIV-1 infection in certain at-risk patients.
Stribild****®** is an oral formulation dosed once a day for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in certain patients. Stribild is a single-tablet regimen of a fixed-dose combination of our antiretroviral medications, elvitegravir, cobicistat, TDF and FTC.
Sunlenca****®** is an HIV-1 capsid inhibitor in tablet form for oral use and as an injection for subcutaneous use. Sunlenca, in combination with other antiretroviral(s), is indicated as a twice-yearly treatment of HIV-1 infection in heavily treatment-experienced adults with multidrug resistant HIV-1 infection failing their current antiretroviral regimen due to resistance, intolerance or safety considerations.

COVID-19

Veklury****®** (remdesivir), an injection for intravenous use, is a nucleotide analog RNA polymerase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of COVID-19 in certain adults and pediatric patients (28 days of age and older and weighing at least 3 kg) who are (i) hospitalized or (ii) not hospitalized and have mild-to-moderate COVID-19, and are at high risk for progression to severe COVID-19, including hospitalization or death.

Viral Hepatitis

Epclusa****®** is an oral formulation of a once-daily single-tablet regimen of sofosbuvir and velpatasvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (“HCV”) infection in adults and pediatric patients 3 years of age and older with genotype 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6: (i) without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis or (ii) with decompensated cirrhosis for use in combination with ribavirin. In addition, we have an authorized generic version of Epclusa distributed by our separate subsidiary, Asegua Therapeutics LLC.
Vemlidy****®** is an oral formulation of TAF dosed once a day for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus (“HBV”) infection in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age and older with compensated liver disease.
Harvoni****®** is an oral formulation of a once-daily, single-tablet regimen of ledipasvir and sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic HCV infection in adults and pediatric patients 3 years of age and older with: (i) genotype 1, 4, 5 or 6 without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, (ii) genotype 1 with decompensated cirrhosis, in combination with ribavirin, (iii) genotype 1 or 4 who are liver transplant recipients without cirrhosis or with compensated cirrhosis, in combination with ribavirin. In addition, we have an authorized generic version of Harvoni distributed by our separate subsidiary, Asegua Therapeutics LLC.
Viread****®** is an oral formulation of TDF dosed once a day for the treatment of chronic HBV infection in adults and pediatric patients 2 years of age and older and weighing at least 10 kg.

Oncology

Yescarta****®** (axicabtagene ciloleucel), a suspension for intravenous infusion, is a chimeric antigen receptor (“CAR”) T-cell therapy for the treatment of adult patients with (i) large B-cell lymphoma (“LBCL”) that is refractory to first-line chemoimmunotherapy or that relapses within 12 months of first-line chemoimmunotherapy, (ii) relapsed or refractory LBCL after two or more lines of systemic therapy, including diffuse LBCL (“DLBCL”) not otherwise specified, primary mediastinal LBCL, high-grade B-cell lymphoma and DLBCL arising from follicular lymphoma (“FL”) and (iii) relapsed or refractory FL after two or more lines of systemic therapy.(1)
Trodelvy****®** (sacituzumab govitecan-hziy), an injection for intravenous use, is a Trop-2 directed antibody and topoisomerase inhibitor conjugate indicated for the treatment of adult patients with (i) unresectable locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (“TNBC”) who have received two or more prior systemic therapies, at least one of them for metastatic disease, (ii) unresectable locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (“HR+/HER2-”) breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy and at least two additional systemic therapies in the metastatic setting and (iii) locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (“UC”) who have previously received a platinum-containing chemotherapy and either programmed death receptor-1 (“PD-1”) or programmed death-ligand 1 (“PD-L1”) inhibitor.(1)
Tecartus****®** (brexucabtagene autoleucel), a suspension for intravenous infusion, is a CAR T-cell therapy for the treatment of adult patients with (i) relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (“MCL”)(1) and (ii) relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (“ALL”).

(1) This indication is approved under accelerated approval by FDA, and continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials.

Other

AmBisome**® (amphotericin B liposome for injection) is a proprietary liposomal formulation of amphotericin B, an antifungal agent, for the treatment of serious invasive fungal infections caused by various fungal species in adults.
Letairis**® (ambrisentan) is an oral formulation of an endothelin receptor antagonist for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (“PAH”) (WHO Group I) (i) to improve exercise capacity and delay clinical worsening or (ii) in combination with tadalafil to reduce the risks of disease progression and hospitalization for worsening PAH, and to improve exercise ability.

For the disaggregated revenue amounts contributed by the products listed above as well as the total product sales that include our other approved products, see Note 2. Revenues of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Revenue Share and Other Revenues

We also generate revenues from other activities, including revenue share from combination products, royalties for outbound licenses of our intellectual property and other payments received from our collaborations with third-party partners. For example, pursuant to our collaboration with Janssen, we receive revenue share from cobicistat, FTC and TAF that are components of Symtuza (darunavir/cobicistat/FTC/TAF), a fixed-dose combination product commercialized by Janssen. We include our revenue share from Symtuza in our Product sales. For a description of our collaborations with Janssen and other partners, see Note 7. Collaborations and Other Arrangements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Commercialization and Distribution

We have U.S. and international commercial sales operations, with marketing subsidiaries in more than 35 countries. Our products are marketed through our commercial teams and/or in conjunction with third-party distributors and corporate partners. Our commercial teams promote our products through direct field contact with physicians, hospitals, clinics and other healthcare providers. We generally grant our third-party distributors the exclusive right to promote our product in a territory for a specified period of time. Most of our agreements with these distributors provide for collaborative efforts between the distributor and Gilead in obtaining and maintaining regulatory approval for the product in the specified territory.

We sell and distribute most of our products in the U.S. exclusively through the wholesale channel. During the year ended December 31, 2023, approximately 91% of our product sales in the U.S. and approximately 66% of our total worldwide revenues were from three large wholesalers: Cencora, Inc. (formerly known as AmerisourceBergen Corporation), Cardinal Health, Inc. and McKesson Corporation. We sell and distribute our products in Europe and countries outside the U.S. where the product is approved, either through our commercial teams, third-party distributors or corporate partners.

Competition

We operate in a highly competitive environment. Our products compete with other commercially available products based primarily on efficacy, safety, tolerability, acceptance by doctors, ease of patient compliance, ease of use, price, insurance and other reimbursement coverage, distribution and marketing. We also face significant competition as third parties pursue the development of products and technologies that may be competitive with our existing products or research programs. These third parties include large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and specialized pharmaceutical firms acting either independently or together with other such companies. Furthermore, academic institutions, government agencies and other public and private organizations conducting research may seek patent protection or may establish collaborative arrangements for competitive products or programs. In addition, as our products mature, pricing pressures from private insurers and government payers often result in a reduction of the net product prices. Further, as new branded or generic products are introduced into major markets, our ability to maintain pricing and market share may be affected.

Research and Development

Our research and development (“R&D”) mission is to discover and develop transformational therapies in areas of high unmet medical need. Our product development efforts are focused primarily on viral diseases, oncology and inflammatory diseases. Our team of research scientists is engaged in the discovery and development of new molecules and technologies that we hope will lead to the approval of innovative medicines and therapies that will transform care for people around the world. We have committed significant resources to internal R&D opportunities and external business development activity to drive innovation and growth of our business.

The development of product candidates and investigational therapies in our pipeline is subject to various risks and uncertainties that could result in delays or prevent completion of the development and approval of our product candidates. For more information about these risks and uncertainties, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “We face risks in our clinical trials, including the potential for unfavorable results, delays in anticipated timelines and disruption.” Drug development is inherently risky, and many product candidates and investigational therapies fail during the development process.

In 2023, we continued to invest in and advance our R&D pipeline across our therapeutic areas. Below is a summary of our product candidates that are in Phase 3 clinical trials or pending marketing authorization review by FDA or European Medicines Agency (“EMA”).

Product Candidates in Viral Diseases


Product Candidates						Description
Regulatory Filings
Bulevirtide						A Biologics License Application has been filed with FDA for bulevirtide for the treatment of chronic hepatitis delta virus (“HDV”) infection. It has been granted both Orphan Drug and Breakthrough Therapy designations by FDA for this indication. Approval is pending resolution of certain manufacturing and delivery concerns cited in a complete response letter issued by FDA in October 2022.
Phase 3
Lenacapavir						Lenacapavir is being evaluated for an HIV PrEP indication.

Product Candidates in Oncology


Product Candidates						Description
Phase 3
Axicabtagene ciloleucel						Axicabtagene ciloleucel, a CAR T-cell therapy, is being evaluated as (i) a second-line and later treatment for high-risk FL and (ii) a first-line treatment for high risk LBCL.
Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy						In breast cancer, sacituzumab govitecan-hziy is being evaluated as (i) a first-line treatment for PD-L1 negative metastatic TNBC and (ii) HR+/HER2- chemo-naive metastatic breast cancer. In collaboration with Merck Sharpe & Dohme LLC (“Merck”),(1) it is also being evaluated in combination with Merck’s pembrolizumab as (i) a first-line treatment for PD-L1 positive metastatic TNBC and (ii) an adjuvant treatment for early TNBC. In lung and thoracic cancer, sacituzumab govitecan-hziy is being evaluated as a second- or third-line treatment for non-small cell lung cancer (“NSCLC”). It is also being evaluated in combination with Merck’s pembrolizumab as a first-line treatment for PD-L1 positive NSCLC. In genitourinary cancer, sacituzumab govitecan-hziy is being evaluated as a second-line treatment for metastatic UC. FDA granted accelerated approval for Trodelvy in second-line metastatic UC in April 2021.
Domvanalimab and zimberelimab						In collaboration with Arcus Biosciences, Inc. (“Arcus”),(1) the combination of zimberelimab, an anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody, and domvanalimab, an Fc-silent anti-TIGIT antibody, with chemotherapy is being evaluated as (i) a first-line treatment for NSCLC and (ii) a first-line treatment for upper gastrointestinal tract cancer. In collaboration with Arcus,(1) the combination of zimberelimab and domvanalimab is being evaluated as a first-line treatment for NSCLC. In January 2024, we announced discontinuation of further enrollment in this study.

(1) For additional information regarding our collaborations with Merck and Arcus, see Note 7. Collaborations and Other Arrangements of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

In 2023, we also received regulatory approvals or authorizations from FDA and European Commission (“EC”) for new products and expanded indications of our products, including:


Product						Regulatory Approval or Authorization
Veklury						FDA and EC approved an expanded use of Veklury to treat COVID-19 in appropriate patients with mild to severe hepatic impairment as well as people with severe renal impairment, including those on dialysis.
Hepcludex						EC granted full marketing authorization for Hepcludex for the treatment of adults with HDV and compensated liver disease. Hepcludex was initially granted conditional marketing authorization in July 2020. Bulevirtide remains the only approved treatment for HDV in the European Union (“EU”) and is not approved in the U.S.
Yescarta						FDA approved a label update to Yescarta to include overall survival data from the Phase 3 ZUMA-7 study, which showed a statistically significant overall survival improvement for Yescarta in second-line relapsed or refractory LBCL versus standard of care.
Trodelvy						FDA approved Trodelvy for the treatment of unresectable locally advanced or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy and at least two additional systemic therapies in the metastatic setting. EC approved Trodelvy as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with unresectable or metastatic HR+/HER2- breast cancer who have received endocrine-based therapy and at least two additional systemic therapies in the advanced setting.

In addition, we seek to enhance our commercial portfolio and clinical pipeline across multiple therapeutic areas through strategic collaborations, in-licensing and acquisitions. In 2023, we entered into multiple strategic transactions spanning our work in virology, oncology and inflammation, including:

We entered into new strategic collaborations, including with (i) Assembly Biosciences, Inc. to advance the research and development of novel antiviral therapies, including for herpesviruses, HBV and HDV; (ii) Tentarix Biotherapeutics, Inc. (“Tentarix”) to discover and develop novel therapies across oncology and inflammation using Tentarix’s proprietary Tentacles platform; and (iii) Arcellx, Inc. (“Arcellx”) to co-develop and co-commercialize Arcellx’s CART-ddBCMA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.
We expanded our existing collaborations with (i) Arcellx to exercise an option for the ARC-SparX ACLX-001 program in multiple myeloma, expand the scope of the existing anito-cel collaboration to include lymphomas, and make an additional equity investment of $200 million; (ii) Arcus to include research programs in inflammatory diseases; and (iii) Nurix Therapeutics, Inc. to exercise an option to license investigational targeted protein degrader molecule NX-0479, which has potential applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
We entered into an exclusive license agreement with Compugen Ltd. for later-stage development and commercialization of novel pre-clinical anti-IL18 binding protein antibodies, including COM503, that have the potential to treat various tumor types.
We completed the acquisitions of (i) XinThera, Inc. to add additional early pipeline assets in oncology and inflammation, including rights to a portfolio of small molecule inhibitors targeting PARP1 for oncology as well as mK2 for inflammatory diseases; and (ii) Tmunity Therapeutics, Inc. to add next-generation CAR T-cell therapies and technologies, including an “armored” CAR T technology platform that has the potential to enhance anti-tumor activity and rapid manufacturing processes.

Our strategic business development activity reflects our commitment to focus on transformative science, build a sustainable and diverse portfolio and position ourselves for the near-, medium- and long-term growth of our business.

Patents and Proprietary Rights

U.S. and European Patent Expiration

We have a number of U.S. and foreign patents, patent applications and rights to patents related to our compounds, products and technology, but we cannot be certain that issued patents will be enforceable or provide adequate protection or that pending patent applications will result in issued patents.

The following table shows the estimated expiration dates (including patent term extensions, supplementary protection certificates and/or pediatric exclusivity where granted) in the U.S. and the EU for the primary (typically compound) patents for our key product candidates as described above. For our product candidates that are fixed-dose combinations of single-tablet regimens, the estimated patent expiration date provided corresponds to the latest expiring compound patent for one of the active ingredients in the single-tablet regimen.


Key Product Candidates	Patent Expiration
	U.S.			EU
Viral Diseases:
Lenacapavir		2037			2037
Bulevirtide		2030			2029
Oncology:
Axicabtagene ciloleucel		2031			—	(1)
Sacituzumab govitecan-hziy		2028	(2)		2029
Zimberelimab(3)		2036			(2036)	(4)
Domvanalimab(3)		2037			(2037)	(4)
The listed expiration dates do not include any potential additional exclusivity (e.g., patent term extensions, supplementary protection certificates or pediatric exclusivity) that has not yet been granted.

(1) The composition of matter patent has expired in the EU. In the EU and the U.S., patent applications are pending relating to our proprietary manufacturing processes.

(2) Regulatory exclusivity in the U.S. expires in 2032.

(3) In collaboration with Arcus.

(4) Dates in parentheses reflect the estimated expiration date of patents that may be issued from currently pending applications.

The following table shows the actual or estimated expiration dates (including patent term extensions, supplementary protection certificates and/or pediatric exclusivity where granted) in the U.S. and the EU for the primary (typically compound) patents for our principal products. For our products that are fixed-dose combinations or single-tablet regimens, the estimated patent expiration dates provided correspond to the latest expiring compound patent for one of the active ingredients in the single-tablet regimen.


Products	Patent Expiration(1)
	U.S.			EU
Descovy		2031	(2)		2026
Vemlidy		2031	(2)		2026
Complera/Eviplera		2025			2026
Zydelig		2025			2029
Odefsey		2032	(2)		2026
Yescarta		2031			—	(3)
Stribild		2029	(4)		2028
Genvoya		2029	(4)		2028
Harvoni		2030			2030
Epclusa		2033			2032
Biktarvy		2033			2033
Vosevi		2034			2033
Veklury		2036	(5)		2035
Tecartus		2027			—	(3)
Trodelvy		2028	(6)		2029
Hepcludex		2030			2029
Sunlenca		2037			2037
The listed expiration dates do not include any potential additional exclusivity (e.g., patent term extensions, supplementary protection certificates or pediatric exclusivity) that has not yet been granted.

(1) Where applicable, settlement and license agreements with generic manufacturers relating to the patents that protect our principal products are noted. The nature and timing of loss of exclusivity for these products depends on a multitude of factors, and loss of exclusivity may be earlier under certain circumstances. For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to obtain and defend our patents and other intellectual property rights both domestically and internationally, and to operate without infringing upon the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties.”

(2) In September 2022, Gilead and five generic manufacturers (Lupin Ltd., Apotex Inc., Macleods Pharma Ltd., Hetero Labs Ltd., and Cipla Ltd.) reached agreements to settle the U.S. patent litigation concerning patents that protect TAF in our Descovy, Vemlidy and Odefsey products.

(3) The composition of matter patent has expired in the EU. In the EU and the U.S., patent applications are pending relating to our proprietary manufacturing processes.

(4) In 2018, Gilead and Mylan Pharmaceuticals reached an agreement to settle the patent litigation concerning patents that protect cobicistat in our Stribild and Genvoya products.

(5) In January 2024, FDA granted pediatric exclusivity for Veklury, which extends all non-expired exclusivities by six months, and which is reflected in the presently reported date.

(6) Regulatory exclusivity in the U.S. expires in 2032.

Patent Protection and Certain Challenges

Patents and other proprietary rights are very important to our business. If we have a properly drafted and enforceable patent, it can be more difficult for our competitors to use our technology to create competitive products and more difficult for our competitors to obtain a patent that prevents us from using technology we create. As part of our business strategy, we actively seek patent protection both in the U.S. and internationally and file additional patent applications, when appropriate, to cover improvements in our compounds, products and technology.

Patents covering certain of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (“API”) of some of our products are held by third parties. We acquired exclusive rights to these patents in the agreements we have with these parties.

We may obtain patents for certain products many years before marketing approval is obtained. As a result, the commercial value of the patent may be limited because the patent term is based on the date the patent application was filed, which may be prior to the regulatory approval and commercial sale of the related product. However, we may be able to apply for patent term extensions or supplementary protection certificates in some countries. For example, extensions for the patents or supplementary protection certificates on many of our products have been granted in the U.S. and in a number of European countries, compensating in part for delays in obtaining marketing approval. Similar patent term extensions may be available for other products we are developing, but we cannot be certain we will obtain them in some countries.

It is also important that we do not infringe the valid patents of third parties. If we infringe the valid patents of third parties, our reputation may be harmed and we may be required to pay significant monetary damages, we may be prevented from commercializing products or we may be required to obtain licenses from these third parties. We may not be able to obtain alternative technologies or any required license on reasonable terms or at all. If we fail to obtain these licenses or alternative technologies, we may be unable to develop or commercialize some or all of our products. For example, we are aware of patents and patent applications owned by other parties that such parties may claim to cover the use of our products and research activities.

Because patent applications are confidential for a period of time after filing, we may not know if our competitors have filed applications for technology covered by our pending applications or if we were the first to invent or first to file an application directed toward the technology that is the subject of our patent applications. Competitors may have filed patent applications or received patents and proprietary rights that block or compete with our products. In addition, if competitors file patent applications covering our technology, we may have to participate in litigation, post-grant proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or other proceedings to determine the right to a patent or validity of any patent granted. Such litigation and proceedings are unpredictable and expensive, and could divert management attention from other operations, such that, even if we are ultimately successful, we may be adversely impacted.

Patents relating to pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology products, compounds and processes such as those that cover our existing compounds, products and processes and those that we will likely file in the future, do not always provide complete or adequate protection. Filing patent applications is a fact-intensive and complex process. We may file patent applications that ultimately do not result in patents or have patents that do not provide adequate protection for the related product. Future litigation or other proceedings regarding the enforcement or validity of our existing patents or any future patents could result in the invalidation of our patents or substantially reduce their protection. From time to time, certain individuals or entities may challenge our patents.

Our pending patent applications and the patent applications filed by our collaborative partners may not be able to prevent third parties from developing compounds or products that are closely related to those which we have developed or are developing. In addition, certain countries do not provide effective enforcement of our patents, and third-party manufacturers may be able to sell generic versions of our products in those countries.

We may face criticism as a result of our legitimate use of the patent systems to protect our investments in new and useful innovations in medicine. Further, incentives and exclusivities relating to our products and product candidates may change in the future. We are aware that several countries are considering changes to support sharing how to make and use new inventions that could impact the current patent systems and protections for innovation. Any such changes could also impact the voluntary licensing patent programs that we establish for our products to support access to medicines.

For a description of our significant pending legal proceedings, see Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. See also Item 1A. Risk Factors “Our success depends to a significant degree on our ability to obtain and defend our patents and other intellectual property rights both domestically and internationally, and to operate without infringing upon the patents or other proprietary rights of third parties.”

Trade Secrets

We also rely on unpatented trade secrets and improvements, unpatented internal know-how and technological innovation. For example, a great deal of our liposomal manufacturing expertise, which is a key component of our liposomal technology, is not covered by patents but is instead protected as a trade secret. We protect these rights mainly through confidentiality agreements with our corporate partners, employees, consultants and vendors. These agreements provide that all confidential information developed or made known to an individual during the course of their relationship with us will be kept confidential and will not be used or disclosed to third parties except in specified circumstances. In the case of employees, the agreements provide that all inventions made by an individual while employed by us will be our exclusive property. We cannot be certain that these parties will comply with these confidentiality agreements, that we have adequate remedies for any breach or that our trade secrets, internal know-how or technological innovation will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by our competitors. Under some of our R&D agreements, inventions become jointly owned by us and our corporate partners and in other cases become the exclusive property of one party. In certain circumstances, it can be difficult to determine who owns a particular invention and disputes could arise regarding those inventions. If our trade secrets or confidential information become known or independently discovered by competitors, or if we enter into disputes over ownership of inventions, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Manufacturing and Raw Materials

Our products are manufactured either at our own facilities or by third-party contract manufacturers. We depend on third parties to perform manufacturing activities for the majority of our API and drug products. For most of our products, including our HIV and HCV products, we use multiple third-party contract manufacturers so that we have primary and back-up suppliers and manufacturing sites. For our cell therapy products, we have established clinical and commercial manufacturing facilities for cell processing activities. For our future products, we continue to develop additional manufacturing capabilities and establish additional third-party suppliers to manufacture sufficient quantities of our product candidates to undertake clinical trials and to manufacture sufficient quantities of any product that is approved for commercial sale.

Our Manufacturing Facilities

We own or lease manufacturing facilities to manufacture and distribute certain products and API for clinical and/or commercial uses. As of the end of 2023, these facilities include:

Foster City, California: We conduct process chemistry research, analytical method development and formulation and device development activities, and manufacture API and drug product for our clinical trials.
La Verne, California: We manufacture AmBisome and also package and label the majority of our commercial products for distribution to the Americas and the Pacific Rim. We also utilize the La Verne facility for clinical manufacturing of our sterile drug products.
Oceanside, California: We utilize the facility for commercial retroviral vector manufacturing and clinical manufacturing and process development of our biologics candidates.
El Segundo, California: We utilize the facility for clinical and commercial manufacturing and processing of our cell therapy products.
Santa Monica, California: We utilize the facility for clinical manufacturing and processing of our cell therapy products.
Frederick, Maryland: We utilize the facility for clinical and commercial manufacturing and processing of our cell therapy products.
Cork and Dublin, Ireland: We utilize the Cork facility for commercial manufacturing, packaging and labeling of our products. We also perform quality control testing, labeling, packaging and final release of many of our products at the Cork facility, which are distributed to the EU and other international markets through our facility in Dublin.
Edmonton, Canada: We conduct process chemistry research and scale-up activities for our clinical development candidates, manufacture API for both investigational and commercial products and conduct chemical development activities to improve existing commercial manufacturing processes.
Hoofddorp, Netherlands: We utilize the facility for commercial manufacturing and processing of our cell therapy products.

Third-Party Manufacturers

We believe the technology we use to manufacture our products is proprietary. For products manufactured by our third-party contract manufacturers, we have disclosed all necessary aspects of this technology to enable them to manufacture the products for us. We have agreements with these third-party manufacturers that are intended to restrict them from using or revealing this technology, but we cannot be certain that these third-party manufacturers will comply with these restrictions.

For more information about our third-party manufacturers, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “We may face manufacturing difficulties, delays or interruptions, including at our third-party manufacturers and corporate partners.”

Regulation of Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing process for pharmaceutical products is highly regulated and regulators may shut down manufacturing facilities that they observe are not complying with regulations. We, our third-party manufacturers and our corporate partners are subject to current Good Manufacturing Practices (“GMP”), which are extensive regulations governing manufacturing processes, stability testing, record keeping and quality standards as defined by FDA and EMA. Similar regulations are in effect in other jurisdictions. Our manufacturing operations are subject to routine inspections by regulatory agencies.

For our cell therapy products, we are required by FDA to comply with the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy program, which includes educating and certifying medical personnel regarding the therapy procedures and the potential side effect profile of our therapy, such as the potential adverse side effects related to cytokine release syndrome and neurologic toxicities. Additionally, we are required to maintain a complex chain of identity and custody with respect to patient material as such material moves to the manufacturing facilities, through the manufacturing process, and back to the patient.

Access to Raw Materials

We need access to certain raw materials to conduct our clinical trials and manufacture our products. These raw materials are generally available from multiple sources, purchased worldwide and normally available in quantities adequate to meet the needs of our business. We attempt to manage the risks associated with our supply chain by inventory management, relationship management and evaluation of alternative sources when feasible. For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “We may not be able to obtain materials or supplies necessary to conduct clinical trials or to manufacture and sell our products, which could limit our ability to generate revenues. ”

Human Capital

Gilead’s success depends on the work of its dedicated employees who embrace a shared sense of purpose and a culture of excellence. Our human capital objective is to make Gilead an employer of choice for the best talent in our industry. Gilead’s key priorities for human capital management include inclusion and diversity, health and safety, total rewards, employee development and engagement. The Compensation and Talent Committee of our Board of Directors oversees our overall human capital management.

Inclusion & Diversity

Inclusion is a Gilead core value, and we believe building an inclusive and diverse workforce is critical to enabling Gilead’s mission. Our Global Inclusion and Diversity Council is responsible for governance of these matters, tracking progress on our goals and promoting a culture of inclusion. The Global Inclusion and Diversity Council is chaired by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and includes members of our leadership team. Gilead is an equal opportunity employer and is committed to inclusive practices, creating internal and external pipelines for diverse talent, as well as building awareness, capabilities and accountability among our people managers. In 2020, Gilead implemented multiple programs to train managers on inclusion and diversity topics and created strategies and initiatives focused on attracting, developing and retaining diverse talent and driving an inclusive culture in our workplace, which organizational leaders have been required to regularly review since 2021. In addition, our employee resource groups (“ERGs”) support diverse employees and aim to raise awareness of different cultures within the workplace, cultivate diversity as a business strength and support Gilead’s talent acquisition strategy to promote equal opportunities and to source, attract and recruit diverse candidates. Executive sponsors and leaders of our ERGs contribute to the advancement of our inclusion and diversity commitments through annual planning and collaborative efforts to support our communities inside and outside of Gilead.

We believe Gilead’s inclusive and diverse workforce is the foundation for innovation and productivity. Gilead’s commitment to equal employment opportunity furthers its efforts to cultivate and celebrate an equitable culture of belonging. As of December 31, 2023, Gilead had approximately 18,000 employees, and Gilead’s global workforce was approximately 53% female. Additionally, women represented 36% of Gilead’s leadership (defined as vice president level and above). In the U.S., based on our employees’ voluntary self-identification, our workforce was 38% White, 37% Asian, 13% Hispanic, 8% Black and 3% Other.

Health, Safety and Productivity

Gilead is committed to providing a workplace for its employees that promotes health and wellbeing, safety and productivity. We provide a competitive benefits package to support the health and wellbeing of our employees — see “Total Rewards” below. We have a workplace safety, training and security program together with various compliance protocols designed to support the safety of our employees, and we routinely train and educate our employees on workplace safety and security. To promote employee productivity, we continue to address our employees’ needs by providing meaningful benefits and a flexible approach to work arrangements. We believe our flexible work program positions us to be competitive for talent and support employee safety and wellbeing while also creating the collaborative environment and connections that fuel innovation. In 2023, in response to employee feedback, we also implemented multiple enterprise initiatives to address areas of opportunity to improve efficiency and remove barriers to speed of execution.

Total Rewards

Gilead’s Total Rewards portfolio is designed to optimize our employees’ performance and support their wellbeing, allowing them to focus on mission-critical work. Each year, we reassess our Total Rewards package to confirm whether it offers benefits and incentives that align with our total rewards philosophy. Our portfolio (which varies by country and is subject to employee eligibility requirements) includes but is not limited to:


•Competitive base salary •Incentive compensation •Stock awards •Employee stock purchase plan •401(k) savings plan with a company match that vests immediately •Health and wellbeing benefits •Flexible work arrangements •Flexible spending accounts •Paid time off			•Paid family leave •Family support services •Family planning assistance (e.g., fertility, adoption and surrogacy) •Health care navigation for our LGBTQ+ community •Cancer support services •Student loan repayment and tuition assistance •Employee assistance programs •Digital wellbeing platform •Global wellbeing reimbursement

We are a pay-for-performance company and are committed to addressing pay equity. Our employee salaries are informed by market research and market-based ranges and are assessed annually through performance reviews. Our policy is that compensation decisions are made without regard to personal characteristics such as gender, race, color, national or ethnic origin, age, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, genetic information, religion, or veteran status. We also conduct an annual pay equity review of employee compensation in an effort to strive to make our pay practices gender- and race-neutral.

Employee Development and Engagement

Employee development and engagement maximizes the potential and performance of each member of our workforce and is critical to achieving our business goals. Gilead offers a number of internal and external professional, management and leadership development training programs to help our employees develop technical, cross-functional and leadership skills and tools to grow their careers. In 2023, we started a multi-year approach to support the development of all People Leaders at Gilead, recognizing the complexity and challenges of their roles and supporting the impact they can have on the growth and development of all employees. Approximately 1,700 people leaders started their development journey in 2023, with an additional 3,500 planned for 2024. In addition to internal development, employees can receive reimbursement for tuition expenses incurred while pursuing undergraduate, graduate or certificate courses at an accredited college or university.

As we strive to be the employer of choice in our industry, our listening strategy gathers input from our employees to shape our engagement strategies and programs and measure our progress. In addition to ongoing internal and external data collection and benchmarking, we conducted comprehensive reviews of the employee experience in 2022 and again in 2023, including through the use of employee surveys. The results of these surveys play a key role in determining the direction of our culture as well as the company’s broader response to emerging developments.

Corporate Responsibility

Investing in corporate responsibility is core to our business strategy and reflects our values of accountability, inclusion, teamwork, excellence and integrity. This is in service to our mission to advance global health by providing innovative therapeutics in areas of unmet need in a way that is socially responsible and environmentally sustainable. Gilead’s corporate responsibility programs reflect this commitment to our stakeholders. Environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) strategy and performance are overseen by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors, and managed by a Corporate Responsibility Committee comprised of leaders from key departments across our company. The Corporate Responsibility Committee is responsible for reviewing ESG issues and, as appropriate, integrating them into our overall business strategy and operations. Additional information about this program and ESG highlights are available in Gilead’s 2022 ESG Impact Report on Gilead’s website at https://www.gilead.com/-/media/files/pdfs/yir-2022-pdfs/2022-environmental-social-governance-impact-report.pdf.

Our ESG goals are aspirational and may change. Statements regarding these goals and related initiatives are not guarantees or promises that they will be met.

Seasonality of Operations

Our worldwide product sales do not reflect any significant degree of seasonality in end-user demand. However, in the U.S., fluctuations in wholesaler inventory levels impact our product sales. In recent years, we have observed strong wholesaler and sub-wholesaler purchases of our products in the second half of the year, resulting in inventory draw-down by wholesalers and sub-wholesalers in the subsequent first quarter. Several other factors, including government budgets, annual grant cycles for federal and state funds, adverse changes in economic conditions, increased competition and other buying patterns, also could impact the product sales recorded in a particular quarter. For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “We face challenges in accurately forecasting sales because of the difficulties in predicting demand for our products and fluctuations in purchasing patterns or wholesaler inventories.”

Government Regulation

Our operations and activities are subject to extensive regulation by numerous government authorities in the U.S., the EU and other countries, including laws and regulations governing the testing, manufacture, safety, efficacy, labeling, storage, record keeping, approval, advertising and promotion of our products. As a result of these regulations, product development and product approval processes are very expensive and time consuming, which has a significant impact on our capital expenditures and results of operations. The regulatory requirements applicable to drug development and approval are subject to change. Any legal and regulatory changes may impact our operations in the future.

A country’s regulatory agency, such as FDA in the U.S. and EMA and EC in the EU, as well as the national authorities of the EU member states, must approve a drug before it can be sold in the respective country or countries. The general process for drug approval in the U.S. is summarized below. Many other countries, including countries in the EU (and the EU under a centralized procedure), have similar regulatory structures.

Preclinical Testing

Before we can test a drug candidate in humans, we must study the drug in laboratory experiments and in animals to generate data to support the drug candidate’s potential benefits and safety. We submit this data to FDA in an Investigational New Drug (“IND”) application seeking its approval to test the compound in humans.

Clinical Trials

If FDA accepts the IND, the drug candidate can then be studied in human clinical trials to determine if the drug candidate is safe and effective. These clinical trials involve three separate phases that often overlap, can take many years and are very expensive. These three phases, which are subject to considerable regulation, are as follows:

Phase 1. The drug candidate is given to a small number of healthy human control subjects or patients suffering or at risk from the indicated disease, to test for safety, dose tolerance, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, distribution and excretion.
Phase 2. The drug candidate is given to a limited patient population to determine the effect of the drug candidate in treating or preventing the disease, the best dose of the drug candidate, and the possible side effects and safety risks of the drug candidate. It is not uncommon for a drug candidate that appears promising in Phase 1 clinical trials to fail in the more rigorous and extensive Phase 2 clinical trials.
Phase 3. If a drug candidate appears to be effective and have an appropriate safety profile in Phase 2 clinical trials, Phase 3 clinical trials are commenced to confirm those results. Phase 3 clinical trials are conducted over a longer term, involve a significantly larger population, are conducted at numerous sites in different geographic regions and are carefully designed to provide reliable and conclusive data regarding the safety and benefits of a drug candidate. It is not uncommon for a drug candidate that appears promising in Phase 2 clinical trials to fail in the more rigorous and extensive Phase 3 clinical trials.

FDA Approval Process

When we believe that the data from our clinical trials show an acceptable benefit-risk profile, we submit the appropriate filing, usually in the form of a New Drug Application, Biologics License Application or supplemental application, with FDA, seeking approval to sell the drug candidate for a particular use. At FDA’s discretion, FDA may hold a public hearing where an independent advisory committee of expert advisors asks additional questions and makes recommendations regarding the drug candidate. This committee makes a recommendation to FDA that is not binding but is generally followed by FDA. If FDA agrees that the drug has met the required level of safety and efficacy for a particular use, it will approve the application and allow us to sell the drug in the U.S. for that use. It is not unusual, however, for FDA to decline to approve an application because it believes that the drug candidate is not safe enough or efficacious enough (i.e., does not have an appropriate benefit-risk profile) or because it does not believe that the data submitted is reliable or conclusive.

At any point in this process, the development of a drug candidate can be stopped for a number of reasons, including safety concerns, lack of treatment benefit or manufacturing issues. We cannot be certain that any clinical trials that we are currently conducting or any that we conduct in the future will be completed successfully or within any specified time period. We may choose, or FDA may require us, to delay or suspend our clinical trials at any time if it appears that patients are being exposed to an unacceptable health risk or if the drug candidate does not appear to have sufficient treatment benefit.

Even after approving a drug, FDA may also require Phase 4 non-registrational studies to explore scientific questions to further characterize safety and efficacy during commercial use of our drug. FDA may also require us to provide additional data or information, improve our manufacturing processes, procedures or facilities or may require extensive surveillance to monitor the safety or benefits of our product candidates if it determines that our filing does not contain adequate evidence of the safety and benefits of the drug. In addition, even if FDA approves a drug, it could limit the uses of the drug. FDA can withdraw approvals if it does not believe that we are complying with regulatory standards or if concerns about the safety or efficacy are uncovered or occur after approval.

In addition to obtaining FDA approval for each drug, we obtain FDA approval of the manufacturing facilities for any drug we sell, including those of companies who manufacture our drugs for us. All of these facilities are subject to periodic inspections by FDA. FDA must also approve foreign establishments that manufacture products to be sold in the U.S. and these facilities are subject to periodic regulatory inspection. Our manufacturing facilities located in California also must be licensed by the State of California in compliance with local regulatory requirements. Our manufacturing facilities in Canada, Ireland and Netherlands also must obtain local licenses and permits in compliance with local regulatory requirements.

FDA may employ one of several tools to facilitate and expedite the development and review of a drug, including Fast Track designation, Breakthrough Therapy designation, Accelerated Approval designation and Priority Review designation. Fast Track designation is designed to facilitate the development and review of a drug that treats a serious condition and fills an unmet medical need. Breakthrough Therapy designation is designed to expedite the development and review of a drug that treats a serious condition where preliminary clinical evidence demonstrates substantial improvement over available therapies. Accelerated Approval of a drug may be granted by FDA where the drug treats a serious condition, fills an unmet medical need and has been studied for safety and efficacy. Priority Review designation means FDA’s goal is to take action on an application within six months of filing. FDA may grant Priority Review designation to a drug that would provide significant improvement in the safety or effectiveness of a treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a serious condition.

EU Regulatory System and Approval Process

In the EU, our products are subject to a variety of EU and EU member state regulations governing clinical trials, commercial sales and distribution. We are required to obtain a marketing authorization in the EU before we can market our medicinal products on the relevant market. The conduct of clinical trials in the EU is governed by, among others, Directive 2001/20/EC and Directive 2005/28/EC and the ICH Good Clinical Practice guidelines. These impose legal and regulatory obligations that are similar to those provided in applicable U.S. laws. The conduct of clinical trials in the EU must be approved by the competent authorities of each EU member states in which the clinical trials take place, and a positive opinion must be obtained from the relevant Ethics Committee in the relevant member state. In 2014, the EU legislator adopted Regulation (EU) No 536/2014 to replace Directive 2001/20/EC and to introduce a coordinated procedure for authorization of clinical trials. This Regulation entered into application in January 2022.

Marketing authorization holders, manufacturers, importers, wholesalers and distributors of medicinal products placed on the market in the EU are required to comply with a number of regulatory requirements including pharmacovigilance, GMP compliance and the requirement to obtain manufacturing, import and/or distribution licenses issued by the competent authorities of the EU member states. Failure to comply with these requirements may lead to the imposition of civil, criminal or administrative sanctions, including suspension of marketing or manufacturing authorizations.

Pricing and Reimbursement

Successful commercialization of our products depends, in part, on the availability of third-party payer reimbursement for the cost of such products and related treatments and medical services in the markets where we sell our products. Government health authorities, private health insurers and other organizations generally provide reimbursement. In the U.S., the EU and other significant or potentially significant markets for our products and product candidates, government authorities and third-party payers are increasingly attempting to limit or regulate the price of medical products and services. A significant portion of our sales of the majority of our products are subject to substantial discounts from their list prices, including rebates we may be required to pay to Medicaid agencies or discounts we may be required to pay to covered entities under Section 340B of the Public Health Service Act (“340B”). As a result, the price increases we implement from time to time on certain products may have a limited effect on our net product sales in certain markets. In addition, standard reimbursement structures may not adequately reimburse for innovative therapies.

As our products mature, pricing pressures from private insurers and government payers often result in a reduction of the net product prices. Further, as new branded or generic products are introduced into major markets, our ability to maintain pricing and market share may be affected.

For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “Our existing products are subject to reimbursement pressures from government agencies and other third parties, required rebates and discounts, and other pricing pressures” and “We face challenges in accurately forecasting sales because of the difficulties in predicting demand for our products and fluctuations in purchasing patterns or wholesaler inventories.”

Health Care Fraud and Abuse Laws; Anti-Bribery Laws

We are subject to various U.S. federal and state laws pertaining to health care “fraud and abuse,” including anti-kickback laws and false claim laws. Anti-kickback laws make it illegal for a prescription drug manufacturer to knowingly and willingly solicit, offer, receive or pay any remuneration in exchange for, or to induce, the referral of business reimbursed by a federal healthcare program, including the purchase or prescription of a particular drug. False claims laws generally prohibit anyone from knowingly presenting, or causing to be presented, a false or fraudulent claim for payment by federal and certain state payers (including Medicare and Medicaid), or knowingly making, using or causing to be made or used, a false record or statement material to a false or fraudulent claim. In addition, FDA regulates written and verbal communications about our products. In addition to federal law, states also have consumer protection and false claims laws. Due to the breadth of the statutory provisions and the attention being given to them by law enforcement authorities, our sales, marketing, patient support, medical, clinical and public affairs activities may be subject to scrutiny under these laws. For example, recently there has been enhanced scrutiny by government enforcement authorities of company-sponsored patient assistance programs, including co-pay assistance programs and manufacturer donations to third-party charities that provide such assistance, reimbursement support offerings, clinical education programs and promotional speaker programs. Similarly, in Europe, interactions between pharmaceutical companies and physicians are subject to strict laws, regulations, industry self‑regulation codes of conduct and physicians’ codes of professional conduct, as applicable, including the EU member states anti-corruption laws and the UK Bribery Act 2010.

In addition, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and similar worldwide anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. Our policies mandate compliance with these anti-bribery laws. We operate in parts of the world that have experienced governmental corruption to some degree. In certain circumstances, strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may conflict with local customs and practices or may require us to interact with doctors and hospitals, some of which may be state controlled, in a manner that is different than local custom.

Despite our training and compliance program, our internal control policies and procedures may not protect us from unlawful acts committed by our employees or agents. Violations of fraud and abuse laws or anti-bribery laws may be punishable by criminal and/or civil sanctions, including fines and civil monetary penalties, as well as the possibility of exclusion from federal health care programs (including Medicare and Medicaid). Violations can also lead to the imposition of a Corporate Integrity Agreement or similar government oversight program, even if we disagree with the government’s perspective that we have violated any rules or guidance. Any similar violations by our competitors could also negatively impact the reputation of our industry and increase governmental and public scrutiny over our business and our products.

For more information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors “We are impacted by evolving laws, regulations and legislative or regulatory actions applicable to the healthcare industry.”

Environment

We are subject to a number of laws and regulations that require compliance with federal, state, and local regulations for the protection of the environment. The regulatory landscape continues to evolve, and we anticipate additional regulations in the future. Laws and regulations are implemented and under consideration to mitigate the effects of climate change mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions. Our business is not energy intensive. Therefore, we do not anticipate being subject to a cap and trade system or other mitigation measure that would materially impact our capital expenditures, operations or competitive position.

Other Information

We are subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). Therefore, we file periodic reports, proxy and information statements and other information with U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with SEC.

Our website is www.gilead.com. Through a link on the “Investors” page of our website (under the “Financials - SEC Filings” section), we make available the following filings free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to SEC: our Annual Reports on Form 10-K; Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q; Current Reports on Form 8-K; and any amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Website references are provided throughout this document for convenience. The content on the referenced websites does not constitute a part of and is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Our Executive Officers and Directors

The following tables list our executive officers and directors as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K:

Executive Officers


Name	Age	Position
Daniel P. O’Day	59	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Andrew D. Dickinson	54	Chief Financial Officer
Johanna Mercier	54	Chief Commercial Officer
Merdad V. Parsey, M.D., Ph.D.	61	Chief Medical Officer
Deborah H. Telman	59	Executive Vice President, Corporate Affairs and General Counsel

Directors


Name	Age	Principal Occupation or Employment
Daniel P. O’Day, Chairman	59	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Gilead Sciences, Inc.
Kevin E. Lofton, Lead Independent Director	69	Retired Chief Executive Officer, Common Spirit Health
Jacqueline K. Barton, Ph.D.	71	Professor Emerita, California Institute of Technology
Jeffrey A. Bluestone, Ph.D.	70	President and Chief Executive Officer, Sonoma Biotherapeutics, Inc.; Professor Emeritus, University of California San Francisco
Sandra J. Horning, M.D.	75	Retired Chief Medical Officer, Roche, Inc.
Kelly A. Kramer	56	Retired Chief Financial Officer, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Ted W. Love, M.D.	64	Chair of Board of Directors, Biotechnology Innovation Organization
Harish Manwani	70	Senior Operating Partner, Blackstone Inc.; Retired Chief Operating Officer, Unilever Group
Javier J. Rodriguez	53	Chief Executive Officer, DaVita Inc.
Anthony Welters	68	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, CINQ Care Inc.; Retired Senior Advisor to the Office of CEO, UnitedHealth Group

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