Garmin 10-Q 2023-07-01

United States

Securities and Exchange Commission

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2023

or

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-41118

GARMIN LTD**.**

(Exact name of Company as specified in its charter)

Company’s telephone number, including area code: +41 52 630 1600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the Company (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Company was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes ☑ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☑ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. YES ☐ NO ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

YES ☐ NO ☑

Number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common shares as of July 28, 2023

Registered Shares, $0.10 par value: 191,451,558 (excluding treasury shares)

Garmin Ltd.

Form 10-Q

Quarter Ended July 1, 2023

Table of Contents

i

Part I - Financial Information

Item I - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Garmin Ltd. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated State****ments of Income (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share information)

Showing the first 8K of 62K characters. Open the full section

The discussion set forth below, as well as other portions of this Quarterly Report, contain statements concerning potential future events. Such forward-looking statements are based upon assumptions by management, as of the date of this Quarterly Report, including assumptions about risks and uncertainties faced by the Company. Readers can identify these forward-looking statements by their use of such verbs as expects, anticipates, believes or similar verbs or conjugations of such verbs. If any of the Company’s assumptions prove incorrect or should unanticipated circumstances arise, actual results could materially differ from those anticipated by such forward-looking statements. The differences could be caused by a number of factors or combination of factors including, but not limited to, those factors identified in Part II, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. This report has been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC” or the “Commission”) in Washington, D.C. and can be obtained by contacting the SEC’s public reference operations or obtaining it through the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Readers are strongly encouraged to consider those factors when evaluating any forward-looking statement concerning the Company. The Company will not update any forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report to reflect future events or developments.

The information contained in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in this Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this document to "we", "us", "our" and similar terms refer to Garmin Ltd. and its subsidiaries.

Unless otherwise indicated, amounts set forth in the discussion below are in thousands.

Company Overview

The Company is a leading worldwide provider of wireless devices, many of which feature Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation, and applications that are designed for people who live an active lifestyle. We are organized in the five operating segments of fitness, outdoor, aviation, marine, and auto OEM. Our products are sold through a variety of indirect distribution channels, including a large worldwide network of independent retailers, dealers, distributors, installation and repair shops, as well as original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). We also sell our products and services directly through our online webshop (garmin.com), subscriptions for connected services, and our own retail stores.

Business Environment Update

A number of headwinds including high inflation and rising interest rates have recently affected the economic environment and consumer behaviors. Additionally, while our global supply chain is routinely subject to component shortages, increased lead times, cost fluctuations, and logistics constraints, certain of these factors have at times been further amplified by the recent business environment. The nature and degree of effects of the business environment over time remain uncertain. Refer to Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report for further discussion of the risks and uncertainties facing our Company.

Results of Operations

As indicated in Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company announced an organization realignment in January 2023, which combined the consumer auto operating segment with the outdoor operating segment. As a result, the Company’s operating segments, which also represent our reportable segments, are fitness, outdoor, aviation, marine, and auto OEM. Results for the 13-week and 26-week periods ended June 25, 2022 have been recast below to conform with the current period presentation. This change had no effect on the Company’s consolidated results of operations.

Comparison of 13-Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022

Net Sales

Net sales increased 6% for the 13-week period ended July 1, 2023 when compared to the year-ago quarter. Total unit sales in the second quarter of 2023 increased to 4,162 when compared to total unit sales of 3,743 in the second quarter of 2022, which differs from the percent increase in revenue primarily due to shifts in segment and product mix. Outdoor was the largest portion of our revenue mix at 34% in the second quarter of 2023 compared to 37% in the second quarter of 2022.

The increase in fitness revenue was driven by sales growth across all categories, led by strong demand for advanced wearables. Aviation revenue increased due to growth in OEM product categories. Auto OEM revenue increased primarily due to increased shipments of domain controllers. Outdoor revenue declined as growth in adventure watches was more than offset by declines in other categories. The decrease in marine revenue was primarily due to the timing of promotions, which contributed to lower sales of chartplotter products.

Gross Profit

Gross profit dollars in the second quarter of 2023 increased 4%, primarily due to the increase in net sales when compared to the year-ago quarter, as described above. Consolidated gross margin decreased 120 basis points when compared to the year-ago quarter primarily due to segment mix.

The fitness gross margin increase of 250 basis points was primarily attributable to favorable freight costs. The aviation gross margin increase of 180 basis points was primarily attributable to lower product costs. The outdoor and marine gross margins were relatively flat when compared to the year-ago quarter. The auto OEM gross margin decrease of 840 basis points was primarily attributable to unfavorable product mix.

Operating Expense

Total operating expense increased 9% in absolute dollars and was relatively flat as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago quarter.

Advertising expense increased 7% in absolute dollars and was relatively flat as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago quarter. The absolute dollar increase was primarily attributable to increased media spend.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased 7% in absolute dollars and was relatively flat as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago quarter. The absolute dollar expense increase in the second quarter of 2023 was primarily attributable to increased personnel-related expenses and information technology costs.

Research and development expense increased 11% in absolute dollars and was relatively flat as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago quarter. The absolute dollar expense increase was primarily due to higher engineering personnel costs.

Operating Income

Total operating income decreased 3% in absolute dollars and 210 basis points as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago quarter. The decrease as a percent of revenue was primarily due to higher operating expenses, partially offset by sales growth, as described above. The decrease in outdoor and marine operating income was partially offset by improved performance in fitness, aviation, and auto OEM. Auto OEM experienced an operating loss in the current quarter driven by ongoing investments in auto OEM programs, and we expect the segment to continue to experience operating losses through 2023.

Other Income (Expense)

The average interest return on cash and investments during the second quarter of 2023 was 2.7%, compared to 1.2% during the same quarter of 2022.

Foreign currency gains and losses for the Company are driven by movements of a number of currencies in relation to the U.S. Dollar. The Taiwan Dollar is the functional currency of Garmin Corporation, the Euro is the functional currency of several subsidiaries, and the U.S. Dollar is the functional currency of Garmin (Europe) Ltd., although some transactions and balances are denominated in British Pounds. Other notable currency exposures include the Australian Dollar, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, and Polish Zloty. The majority of the Company’s consolidated foreign currency gain or loss is typically driven by the significant cash and marketable securities, receivables and payables held in a currency other than the functional currency at a given legal entity.

The $10.8 million currency gain recognized in the second quarter of 2023 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar weakening against the Polish Zloty, British Pound Sterling, and Euro, and strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, and Australian Dollar, within the 13-week period ended July 1, 2023. During this period, the U.S. Dollar weakened 4.7% against the Polish Zloty, 3.0% against the British Pound Sterling, 0.7% against the Euro, and strengthened 2.0% against the Taiwan Dollar, resulting in gains of $9.4 million, $1.4 million, $0.9 million, and $7.1 million, respectively, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening 5.3% against the Chinese Yuan, 8.0% against the Japanese Yen, and 1.4% against the Australian Dollar, resulting in losses of $3.1 million, $2.1 million, and $0.8 million, respectively. The remaining net currency loss of $2.0 million was related to the impacts of other currencies, each of which was individually immaterial.

The $22.4 million currency loss recognized in the second quarter of 2022 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Australian Dollar, Polish Zloty, Euro, Chinese Yuan, British Pound Sterling, and Japanese Yen, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar, within the 13-week period ended June 25, 2022. During this period, the U.S. Dollar strengthened 8.3% against the Australian Dollar, 3.1% against the Polish Zloty, 3.9% against the Euro, 4.9% against the Chinese Yuan, 7.0% against the British Pound Sterling, and 9.7% against the Japanese Yen resulting in losses of $7.2 million, $5.3 million, $3.8 million, $3.0 million, $2.4 million, and $2.3 million, respectively, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening 3.5% against the Taiwan Dollar, resulting in a gain of $8.9 million. The remaining net currency loss of $7.3 million was related to the impacts of other currencies, each of which was individually immaterial.

Income Tax Provision

The Company recorded income tax expense of $28.0 million in the 13-week period ended July 1, 2023, compared to income tax expense of $21.1 million in the 13-week period ended June 25, 2022. The effective tax rate was 8.9% in the second quarter of 2023, compared to 7.6% in the second quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily due to a decrease in uncertain tax position reserves released in the second quarter of 2023, compared to the second quarter of 2022.

Net Income

As a result of the above, net income for the 13-week period ended July 1, 2023 was $287.9 million compared to $257.9 million for the 13-week period ended June 25, 2022, an increase of $30.0 million.

Comparison of 26-Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022

Net Sales

Net sales increased 2% for the 26-week period ended July 1, 2023 when compared to the year-ago period. Total unit sales in the first half of 2023 increased to 7,372 when compared to total unit sales of 7,182 in the first half of 2022. Outdoor was the largest portion of our revenue mix at 31% in the first half of 2023 compared to 38% in the first half of 2022.

The increase in fitness revenue was primarily driven by strong demand for our advanced wearables. Aviation revenue increased due to growth in both OEM and aftermarket product categories. Auto OEM revenue increased primarily due to increased shipments of domain controllers. Outdoor revenue decreased primarily due to declines in adventure watches. Marine revenue was relatively flat.

Gross Profit

Gross profit dollars in the first half of 2023 increased 2%, primarily due to the increase in net sales when compared to the year-ago period, as described above. Consolidated gross margin was relatively flat when compared to the year-ago period.

The fitness and marine gross margin increases of 200 and 100 basis points, respectively, were primarily attributable to favorable freight costs. The outdoor and aviation gross margins were relatively flat when compared to the year-ago period. The auto OEM gross margin decrease of 510 basis points was primarily attributable to unfavorable product mix.

Operating Expense

Total operating expense increased 7% in absolute dollars and 170 basis points as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago period.

Advertising expense decreased 1% in absolute dollars and was relatively flat as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago period. The absolute dollar decrease was primarily attributable to decreased cooperative spend.

Selling, general and administrative expense increased 7% in absolute dollars and was relatively flat as a percent of revenue compared to the year-ago period. The absolute dollar expense increase in the first half of 2023 was primarily attributable to increased personnel-related expenses and information technology costs.

Research and development expense increased 9% in absolute dollars and 110 basis points as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago period. The absolute dollar expense increase was primarily due to higher engineering personnel costs.

Operating Income

Total operating income decreased 8% in absolute dollars and 210 basis points as a percent of revenue when compared to the year-ago period. The decrease as a percent of revenue was primarily due to higher operating expenses, partially offset by sales growth, as described above. The decrease in outdoor and marine operating income was partially offset by improved performance in fitness, aviation, and auto OEM. Auto OEM experienced an operating loss in the current period driven by ongoing investments in auto OEM programs, and we expect the segment to continue to experience operating losses through 2023.

Other Income (Expense)

The average interest returns on cash and investments during the 26-week periods ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 were 2.5% and 1.1%, respectively.

Foreign currency gains and losses for the Company are driven by movements of a number of currencies in relation to the U.S. Dollar. The Taiwan Dollar is the functional currency of Garmin Corporation, the Euro is the functional currency of several subsidiaries, and the U.S. Dollar is the functional currency of Garmin (Europe) Ltd., although some transactions and balances are denominated in British Pounds. Other notable currency exposures include the Australian Dollar, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, and Polish Zloty. The majority of the Company’s consolidated foreign currency gain or loss is typically driven by the significant cash and marketable securities, receivables and payables held in a currency other than the functional currency at a given legal entity.

The $18.5 million currency gain recognized in the 26-week period ended July 1, 2023 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar weakening against the Polish Zloty, British Pound Sterling, and Euro, and strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, and Australian Dollar, within the 26-week period ended July 1, 2023. During this period, the U.S. Dollar weakened 7.5% against the Polish Zloty, 5.0% against the British Pound Sterling, 1.9% against the Euro, and strengthened 1.6% against the Taiwan Dollar, resulting in gains of $13.9 million, $2.7 million, $1.4 million, and $5.9 million, respectively, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening 4.0% against the Chinese Yuan, 9.1% against the Japanese Yen, and 2.4% against the Australian Dollar, resulting in losses of $2.4 million, $2.0 million, and $0.5 million, respectively. The remaining net currency loss of $0.5 million was related to the impacts of other currencies, each of which was individually immaterial.

The $25.9 million currency loss recognized in the 26-week period ended June 25, 2022 was primarily due to the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Australian Dollar, Polish Zloty, Euro, Chinese Yuan, British Pound Sterling, and Japanese Yen partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening against the Taiwan Dollar, within the 26-week period ended June 25, 2022. During this period, the U.S. Dollar strengthened 4.9% against the Australian Dollar, 8.6% against the Polish Zloty, 6.7% against the Euro, 4.9% against the Chinese Yuan, 8.4% against the British Pound Sterling, and 15.4% against the Japanese Yen resulting in losses of $6.6 million, $11.3 million, $8.9 million, $3.0 million, $2.5 million, and $3.9 million, respectively, partially offset by the U.S. Dollar strengthening 6.8% against the Taiwan Dollar, resulting in a gain of $17.1 million. The remaining net currency loss of $6.8 million was related to the impacts of other currencies, each of which was individually immaterial.

Income Tax Provision

The Company recorded income tax expense of $47.5 million in the first half of 2023, compared to income tax expense of $45.4 million in the first half of 2022. The effective tax rate was 8.8% in both the first half of 2023 and the first half of 2022.

Net Income

As a result of the above, net income for the 26-week period ended July 1, 2023 was $490.3 million compared to $469.5 million for the 26-week period ended June 25, 2022, an increase of $20.8 million.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We primarily use cash flow from operations, and expect that future cash requirements may be used, to fund our capital expenditures, support our working capital requirements, pay dividends, fund share repurchases, and fund strategic acquisitions. We believe that our existing cash balances and cash flow from operations will be sufficient to meet our short- and long-term projected working capital needs, capital expenditures, and other cash requirements.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities

As of July 1, 2023, we had approximately $2.8 billion of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. Management invests idle or surplus cash in accordance with the investment policy, which has been approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The investment policy’s primary objectives are to preserve capital, maintain an acceptable degree of liquidity, and maximize yield within the constraint of low credit risk. Garmin’s average interest returns on cash and investments during the first halves of 2023 and 2022 were 2.5% and 1.1%, respectively. The fair value of our securities varies from period to period due to changes in interest rates, in the performance of the underlying collateral, and in the credit performance of the underlying issuer, among other factors. See Note 4 for additional information regarding marketable securities.

Cash Flows

Cash provided by operating activities totaled $552.9 million for the first half of 2023, compared to $265.5 million for the first half of 2022. The increase was primarily due to a lower use of cash on purchases of inventory compared to the year-ago quarter, partially offset by a decrease in collections of accounts receivable in the first half of 2023 compared to the first half of 2022.

Cash used in investing activities totaled $70.1 million for the first half of 2023, compared to $397.2 million for the first half of 2022. The decrease was primarily due to net redemptions of marketable securities in the first half of 2023, compared to the net purchases of marketable securities in the first half of 2022, as well as a decrease in purchases of property and equipment.

Cash used in financing activities totaled $337.1 million for the first half of 2023, compared to $257.0 million for the first half of 2022. This increase was primarily due to higher purchases of treasury stock under the share repurchase plan, and higher cash dividend payments in the first half of 2023, as the first half of 2022 included two dividend payments of $0.67 per share, while the first half of 2023 included two dividend payments of $0.73 per share.

Use of Cash

Operating Leases

The Company has lease arrangements for certain real estate properties, vehicles, and equipment. Leased properties are typically used for office space, distribution, and retail. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had fixed lease payment obligations of $158.4 million, with $31.7 million payable within 12 months.

Inventory Purchase Obligations

The Company obtains various raw materials and components for its products from a variety of third party suppliers. The Company’s inventory purchase obligations are primarily noncancelable. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had inventory purchase obligations of $702.5 million, with $496.1 million payable within 12 months.

Other Purchase Obligations

The Company’s other purchase obligations primarily consist of noncancelable commitments for capital expenditures and other indirect purchases in connection with conducting our business. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had other purchase obligations of $366.5 million, with $143.5 million payable within 12 months.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

General

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The presentation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to customer sales programs and incentives, product returns, bad debts, inventories, investments, intangible assets, income taxes, warranty obligations, and contingencies and litigation. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

For a description of the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Part II, Item 8 and “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in Part II, Item 7 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There were no significant changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies and estimates in the 13-week and 26-week periods ended July 1, 2023.

There are numerous market risks that can affect our future business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part II, Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes during the 13-week and 26-week periods ended July 1, 2023 in the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K related to market sensitivity, inflation, foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk.

(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures. The Company maintains a system of disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information, which is required to be timely disclosed, is accumulated and communicated to management in a timely fashion. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. As of July 1, 2023, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded as of July 1, 2023 that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the information relating to the Company, required to be disclosed in our Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) reports (i) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and (ii) is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

(b) Changes in internal control over financial reporting. There has been no change in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fiscal quarter ended July 1, 2023 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Othe****r Information

In the normal course of business, the Company and its subsidiaries are parties to various legal claims, actions, and complaints, including matters involving patent infringement, other intellectual property, product liability, customer claims and various other risks. It is not possible to predict with certainty whether or not the Company and its subsidiaries will ultimately be successful in any of these legal matters, or if not, what the impact might be. However, the Company’s management does not expect that the results in any of these legal proceedings will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows. For additional information, see Note 8 – Commitments and Contingencies in the above Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

There are many risks and uncertainties that can affect our future business, financial performance or share price. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022. There have been no material changes during the 26-week period ended July 1, 2023 in the risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. These risks, however, are not the only risks facing our Company. Additional risks and uncertainties, including those not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equi****ty Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Share repurchase activity during the 13-week period ended July 1, 2023, summarized on a trade-date basis, was as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):

(1) The Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program on April 22, 2022 (the "Program"), authorizing the Company to purchase up to $300 million of its common shares, exclusive of the cost of any associated excise tax. Share repurchases may be made in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, including under plans complying with the provisions of Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The timing and volume of share repurchases are subject to market conditions, business conditions and applicable laws, and are at management’s discretion. The Program does not require the purchase of any minimum number of shares and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. The share repurchase authorization expires on December 29, 2023. See Note 9 in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for additional information related to share repurchases.

(2) Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases, except for the cost of any associated excise tax.

Item 3. Defaults Upo****n Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Saf****ety Disclosures

Not applicable.

(c) Trading Plans

During the 13-week period ended July 1, 2023, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of the Company adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

SIGNA****TURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: August 2, 2023