Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

OVERVIEW

Our Business

Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc. ("HII", "we", "us", or "our") is a global, all-domain defense partner, building and delivering the world’s most powerful, survivable naval ships and technologies that safeguard America’s seas, sky, land, space, and cyber. For more than a century, our Ingalls Shipbuilding segment ("Ingalls") in Mississippi and Newport News Shipbuilding segment ("Newport News") in Virginia have built more ships in more ship classes than any other U.S. naval shipbuilder, making us America's largest shipbuilder. Our Mission Technologies segment develops integrated technology solutions and products that enable today's connected, all-domain force. Headquartered in Newport News, Virginia, we employ approximately 44,000 people domestically and internationally.

We conduct most of our business with the U.S. Government, primarily the Department of War. As prime contractor, principal subcontractor, team member, or partner, we participate in many high-priority U.S. defense programs. Ingalls includes our non-nuclear ship design, construction, repair, and maintenance businesses. Newport News includes all of our nuclear ship design, construction, overhaul, refueling, and repair and maintenance businesses. Our Mission Technologies segment provides a wide range of services and products, including command, control, computers, communications, cyber, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems and operations; the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to battlefield decisions; defense and offensive cyberspace strategies and electronic warfare; unmanned autonomous systems; live, virtual, and constructive training solutions; platform modernization; and critical nuclear operations.

The following discussion should be read along with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 (our "2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K").

Business Environment

Against a backdrop of heightened geopolitical tension and domestic policy realignment, we continue to see uncertainty in the economy, our industry, and our company. Our customers, suppliers, and subcontractors continue to face challenges. We cannot predict how long these challenges will continue, whether these challenges will change over time, or whether our actions to address these challenges will be successful.

Defense Spending Environment – The fiscal year 2026 budget cycle concluded with the passage of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, signed into law February 3, 2026. The fiscal year 2026 defense appropriations bill includes continued incremental funding for Enterprise (CVN 80) and Doris Miller (CVN 81), along with advance procurement for William J. Clinton (CVN 82); continued funding for the RCOH of USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74); funding for the Virginia class (SSN 774) and Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine programs; advanced procurement for the Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyer program, including additional funding for shipyard infrastructure and wage enhancements; and funding for long-lead-time materials for the new FF(X) frigate program. Additionally, the bill provides funding for the Maritime Industrial Base to invest in critical areas including supplier capacity and capability, strategic outsourcing, workforce training, and technology and infrastructure.

On April 3, 2026, the Trump Administration released the President's topline recommendations on funding levels for fiscal year 2027. The proposed budget recommends $60.2 billion in discretionary funding for the shipbuilding construction account and an additional $5.6 billion in mandatory funding, for a total of $65.8 billion for shipbuilding procurement. Included in the discretionary request is funding for one Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine, two Virginia class (SSN 774) submarines, one Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyer, one San Antonio class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock ship, one America class (LHA 6) amphibious assault ship, and the first FF(X) frigate. The fiscal year 2027 budget request continues funding Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) aircraft carriers and aircraft carrier refueling programs, and provides initial advance procurement funding for the lead ship of the Trump class (BBG(X)) battleship program. The fiscal year 2027 budget request also reflects increased investments in capability enablers including unmanned surface and underwater vehicles.

Global Geopolitical and Economic Environment – The global geopolitical and economic environment continues to be impacted by uncertainty, heightened geopolitical tensions, and instability. Geopolitical relationships continue to change, and the U.S. and its allies face a global security environment that includes threats from state and non-state actors, including major global powers, as well as terrorist organizations, emerging nuclear tensions, diverse regional security concerns, and political instability. These global threats persist across all domains, from undersea to space to cyber, and the global market for defense products, services, and solutions is driven by these complex and evolving security challenges. In addition, changes in the global economic environment, including changes in international trade policies, including those imposing tariffs, could further impact the global market for defense products. Our current operating environment exists in the broader context of political and socioeconomic priorities and reflects, among other things, the continued impact of and uncertainty surrounding geopolitical tensions, financial market volatility, inflation, trade policy, and a challenging labor market.

For further information on our business environment, see the Business Environment section under Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in Part II, Item 7 of our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments

As discussed in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, we consider our policies relating to the following matters to be critical accounting policies and estimates:

Revenue recognition;
Retirement related benefit plans; and
Workers' compensation.

As of March 31, 2026, there had been no material changes to the foregoing critical accounting policies, estimates, and judgments since December 31, 2025.

Program Descriptions

For convenience, a brief description of certain programs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is included in the Glossary of Programs in this section.

CONSOLIDATED OPERATING RESULTS

The following table presents selected financial highlights:


	Three Months Ended March 31
			2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026			2025		Dollars		Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	3,099		$	2,734	$	365	13	%
Cost of product sales and service revenues	2,691			2,340		351		15	%
Income from operating investments, net	5			13		(8)		(62)	%

General and administrative expenses	258			246		12		5	%

Operating income	155			161		(6)		(4)	%
Other income (expense)
Interest expense	(22)			(28)		6		21	%
Non-operating retirement benefit	53			48		5		10	%
Other, net	2			6		(4)		(67)	%
Federal and foreign income taxes	39			38		1		3	%
Net earnings	$	149		$	149	$	—	—	%

Operating Performance Assessment and Reporting

We manage and assess the performance of our business based on our performance on individual contracts and programs using the financial measures referred to below, with consideration given to the Critical Accounting Policies, Estimates, and Judgments referred to in this section. Our portfolio of long-term contracts is largely flexibly-priced. Therefore, sales tend to fluctuate in concert with costs across our large portfolio of active contracts, with operating income being a critical measure of operating performance. Under the Federal Acquisition Regulation rules that govern our business with the U.S. Government, most types of costs are allowable, and we do not focus on individual cost groupings, such as cost of sales or general and administrative expenses, as much as we do on total contract costs, which are a key factor in determining contract operating income. As a result, in evaluating our operating performance, we look primarily at changes in sales and service revenues, as well as operating income, including the effects of significant changes in operating income as a result of changes in contract financial estimates and the use of the cumulative catch-up method of accounting in accordance with GAAP. This approach is consistent with the long-term life cycle of our contracts, as management assesses the bidding of each contract by focusing on net sales and operating profit and monitors performance in a similar manner through contract completion. Consequently, our discussion of business segment performance focuses on net sales and operating profit, consistent with our approach for managing our business.

Sales and Service Revenues

Period-to-period revenues reflect performance under new and ongoing contracts. Changes in sales and service revenues are typically expressed in terms of volume. Unless otherwise described, volume generally refers to increases (or decreases) in reported revenues due to varying production activity levels, delivery rates, or service levels on individual contracts. Volume changes will typically carry a corresponding income change based on the profit margin rate for a particular contract.

Sales and service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $365 million, or 13%, compared to the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher volumes at Newport News, Ingalls, and Mission Technologies.

Net Cumulative Catch-up Revenue Adjustments

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, favorable and unfavorable cumulative catch-up revenue adjustments were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2026		2025
Gross favorable adjustments	$	66	$	80
Gross unfavorable adjustments	(65)		(80)
Net adjustments	$	1	$	—

See Note 6: Revenue and Segment Operating Results in this section for additional information on our net cumulative catch-up revenue adjustments.

Cost of Product Sales and Service Revenues

Cost of sales for both product sales and service revenues consists of materials, labor, and subcontracting costs, as well as an allocation of indirect costs for overhead. We manage the type and amount of costs at the contract level, which is the basis for estimating our total costs at completion of our contracts. Unusual fluctuations in operating performance driven by changes in a specific cost element across multiple contracts are described in our analysis.

Refer to Segment Operating Results and Product and Service Revenues and Cost Analysis in this section for details related to cost of sales for both product sales and service revenues.

Income from Operating Investments, Net

The activities of our operating investments are closely aligned with the operations of the segments holding the investments. We therefore record income related to earnings from equity method investments in our operating income.

Refer to Segment Operating Results in this section for details related to income from operating investments.

General and Administrative Expenses

In accordance with industry practice and the regulations that govern the cost accounting requirements for government contracts, most general and administrative expenses are considered allowable and allocable costs on government contracts. These costs are allocated to contracts in progress on a systematic basis, and contract performance factors include this cost component as an element of cost.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 increased $12 million from the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher non-current state income taxes and higher overhead costs.

Operating Income

We consider operating income an important measure for evaluating our operating performance, and, consistent with industry practice, we define operating income as revenues less the related costs of producing the revenues and general and administrative expenses.

Segment Operating Income

We internally manage our operations by reference to "segment operating income," which is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as operating income before the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment and non-current state income taxes, neither of which affects contract performance. Segment operating income is a measure we use to evaluate our core operating performance as it reflects the aggregate performance results of contracts within a segment. When analyzing our operating performance, investors should use segment operating income in addition to, and not as an alternative for, operating income or any other performance measure presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe segment operating income reflects an additional way of viewing aspects of our operations that, when viewed with our GAAP results, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business. We

believe the measure is used by investors and is a useful indicator to measure our performance. Because not all companies use identical calculations, our presentation of segment operating income may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

Changes in segment operating income are typically expressed in terms of volume, as discussed in Sales and Service Revenues above, or performance. Performance refers to changes in contract profit margin rates. These changes typically relate to profit recognition associated with revisions to estimated costs at completion ("EAC"), which reflect improved or deteriorated operating performance on that contract. Operating income changes are accounted for on a cumulative to date basis at the time an EAC change is recorded. Segment operating income may also be affected by, among other things, contract performance, inflationary pressures on our supply chain, the effects of workforce stoppages and other labor-related shortfalls, the availability of raw materials, the effects of natural disasters such as hurricanes, resolution of disputed items with the customer, recovery of insurance proceeds, and other discrete events. At the completion of a long-term contract, any originally estimated costs not incurred or reserves not fully utilized, such as warranty reserves, could also impact contract earnings. Where such items have occurred and the effects are material, a separate description is provided. Refer to Segment Operating Results in this section for activity within each segment.

The following table reconciles operating income to segment operating income:


	Three Months Ended March 31
			2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026			2025		Dollars		Percent
Operating income	$	155		$	161	$	(6)	(4)	%
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment	9			10		(1)		(10)	%
Non-current state income taxes	8			—		8		—	%
Segment operating income	$	172		$	171	$	1	1	%

FAS/CAS Adjustment and Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment

The FAS/CAS Adjustment reflects the difference between expenses for pension and other postretirement benefits determined in accordance with GAAP ("FAS") and the expenses for these items included in segment operating income in accordance with U.S. Cost Accounting Standards ("CAS"). The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment excludes the following components of net periodic benefit costs: interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost (credit) and actuarial loss (gain), and settlement and curtailment effects.

The components of the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31
			2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026			2025		Dollars		Percent
FAS benefit	$	31		$	25	$	6	24	%
CAS cost	13			13		—		—	%
FAS/CAS Adjustment	44			38		6		16	%
Non-operating retirement benefit	(53)			(48)		(5)		(10)	%
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment expense	$	(9)		$	(10)	$	1	10	%

The Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment was a net expense of $9 million and $10 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The favorable change in the Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment was primarily driven by higher asset returns in 2025.

Non-current State Income Taxes

Non-current state income taxes include deferred state income taxes, which reflect the change in deferred state tax assets and liabilities, and the tax expense or benefit associated with changes in state unrecognized tax benefits in the relevant period. These amounts are recorded within operating income. Current period state income taxes are charged to contract costs and included in cost of sales and service revenues in segment operating income.

Non-current state income tax expense was $8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, compared to a non-current state income tax expense of less than $1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The unfavorable change in non-current state income taxes was driven by an increase in deferred state income tax expense, primarily attributable to a change in net capitalized research and development expenditures and a change in state unrecognized tax benefits for the prior period.

SEGMENT OPERATING RESULTS

Our discussion of business segment performance focuses on sales and service revenues and operating income, consistent with our approach for managing our business. We are aligned into three reportable segments: Ingalls, Newport News, and Mission Technologies.

The following table presents segment operating results:


	Three Months Ended March 31
			2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026			2025		Dollars		Percent
Sales and Service Revenues
Ingalls	$	725		$	637	$	88	14	%
Newport News	1,665			1,396		269		19	%
Mission Technologies	748			735		13		2	%
Intersegment eliminations	(39)			(34)		(5)		(15)	%
Sales and service revenues	$	3,099		$	2,734	$	365	13	%
Operating Income
Ingalls	$	49		$	46	$	3	7	%
Newport News	88			85		3		4	%
Mission Technologies	35			40		(5)		(13)	%
Segment operating income	172			171		1		1	%
Non-segment factors affecting operating income
Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment	(9)			(10)		1		10	%
Non-current state income taxes	(8)			—		(8)		—	%
Operating income	$	155		$	161	$	(6)	(4)	%

Key Segment Financial Measures

Refer to Consolidated Operating Results in this section for details related to sales and service revenues and segment operating income.

Net Cumulative Catch-up Revenue Adjustments by Segment

For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, net cumulative catch-up revenue adjustments by segment were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31
($ in millions)	2026		2025
Ingalls	$	(3)	$	—
Newport News	(9)		(6)
Mission Technologies	13		6
Net adjustments	$	1	$	—

See Note 6: Revenue and Consolidated Operating Results in this section for additional information on our net cumulative catch-up revenue adjustments.

Ingalls


	Three Months Ended March 31
				2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026				2025			Dollars		Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	725			$	637		$	88	14	%
Segment operating income	49				46			3		7	%
As a percentage of segment sales	6.8		%		7.2		%

Sales and Service Revenues

Ingalls revenues, including intersegment sales, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $88 million, or 14%, from the same period in 2025, primarily driven by higher volumes in surface combatants.

Segment Operating Income

Ingalls segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $49 million, compared to segment operating income of $46 million for the same period in 2025. The increase was primarily driven by higher volumes in surface combatants, partially offset by lower performance in amphibious assault ships.

Newport News


	Three Months Ended March 31
				2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026				2025			Dollars		Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	1,665			$	1,396		$	269	19	%
Segment operating income	88				85			3		4	%
As a percentage of segment sales	5.3		%		6.1		%

Sales and Service Revenues

Newport News revenues, including intersegment sales, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $269 million, or 19%, from the same period in 2025, primarily driven by higher volumes in aircraft carriers, submarines, and naval nuclear support services.

Segment Operating Income

Newport News segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $88 million, compared to segment operating income of $85 million for the same period in 2025. The increase was primarily driven by the higher volumes described above, partially offset by contract adjustments and incentives in 2025 in the Virginia class (SSN 774) submarine program and lower performance in aircraft carrier construction.

Mission Technologies


	Three Months Ended March 31
				2026 vs. 2025
($ in millions)	2026				2025			Dollars		Percent
Sales and service revenues	$	748			$	735		$	13	2	%
Segment operating income	35				40			(5)		(13)	%
As a percentage of segment sales	4.7		%		5.4		%

Sales and Service Revenues

Mission Technologies revenues, including intersegment sales, for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $13 million, or 2%, from the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher volumes in All-Domain Operations, Unmanned Systems, and Global Security, partially offset by lower volumes in Warfare Systems.

Segment Operating Income

Mission Technologies segment operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $35 million, compared to segment operating income of $40 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease was primarily due to lower equity income from nuclear and environmental joint ventures, partially offset by higher performance in Warfare Systems.

PRODUCT AND SERVICE REVENUES AND COST ANALYSIS

The following tables present segment sales and service revenues and segment cost of sales and service revenues by both product and service:


	Sales and Service Revenues								Segment Cost of Product Sales and Service Revenues
($ in millions)	Three Months Ended March 31				2026 vs. 2025				Three Months Ended March 31				2026 vs. 2025
Segment Information	2026		2025		Dollars		Percent		2026		2025		Dollars		Percent
Ingalls
Product	$	614	$	526	$	88	17	%	$	531	$	452	$	79	17	%
Service	108		107		1		1	%	96		90		6		7	%
Intersegment	3		4		(1)		(25)	%	3		4		(1)		(25)	%
Total Ingalls	725		637		88		14	%	630		546		84		15	%
Newport News
Product	1,364		1,160		204		18	%	1,179		971		208		21	%
Service	301		236		65		28	%	255		193		62		32	%

Total Newport News	1,665		1,396		269		19	%	1,434		1,164		270		23	%
Mission Technologies
Product	26		27		(1)		(4)	%	24		20		4		20	%
Service	686		678		8		1	%	597		604		(7)		(1)	%
Intersegment	36		30		6		20	%	36		30		6		20	%
Total Mission Technologies	748		735		13		2	%	657		654		3		—	%
Segment Totals
Product	$	2,004	$	1,713	$	291	17	%	$	1,734	$	1,443	$	291	20	%
Service	1,095		1,021		74		7	%	948		887		61		7	%
Total Segment(1)	$	3,099	$	2,734	$	365	13	%	$	2,682	$	2,330	$	352	15	%

(1) Operating FAS/CAS Adjustment is excluded from segment cost of product sales and service revenues.

Product Sales and Segment Cost of Product Sales

Product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $291 million, or 17%, from the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher volumes in aircraft carriers and submarines at Newport News, and surface combatants at Ingalls.

Segment cost of product sales for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $291 million, or 20%, compared with the same period in 2025, primarily due to the higher volumes described above.

Service Revenues and Segment Cost of Service Revenues

Service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $74 million, or 7%, from the same period in 2025, primarily due to higher volumes in naval nuclear support services and aircraft carriers at Newport News, and higher volumes in All-Domain Operations at Mission Technologies.

Segment cost of service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $61 million, or 7%, compared with the same period in 2025, primarily due to the higher volumes described above.

OTHER FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $22 million, compared with $28 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease in interest expense was driven by a decrease in outstanding long-term debt from the prior period.

Non-Operating Retirement Benefit

The non-operating retirement benefit includes the following components of net periodic benefit costs: interest cost, expected return on plan assets, amortization of prior service cost (credit) and actuarial loss (gain), and settlement and curtailment effects.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, the non-operating retirement benefit was $53 million, compared with $48 million for the same period in 2025. The favorable change in the non-operating retirement benefit was primarily driven by higher asset returns in 2025.

Other, Net

Other, net income for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $2 million, compared with other, net income of $6 million for the same period in 2025. The decrease in other, net income was primarily driven by an increase in unrealized losses on investments.

Federal and Foreign Income Taxes

Our effective income tax rates on earnings from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, were 20.7% and 20.3%, respectively.

For the three months ended March 31, 2026, our effective tax rate did not differ materially from the federal statutory corporate income tax rate of 21%.

In January 2026, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development issued administrative guidance on Pillar Two’s 15% global minimum tax, including a “side-by-side" ("SbS") system with permanent and temporary safe harbors. The U.S. is recognized as a qualified SbS regime, which effectively alleviates U.S. based multi-national companies from top-up tax collectible under Pillar Two. We expect that the SbS system or other transitional safe harbor provisions will be broadly applicable to our international operations and, accordingly, do not expect Pillar Two to have a material impact on our effective tax rate, consolidated results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.

BACKLOG

Total backlog as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, was $54.0 billion and $53.1 billion, respectively. Total backlog includes both funded backlog (firm orders for which funding is contractually obligated by the customer) and unfunded backlog (firm orders for which funding is not currently contractually obligated by the customer). Backlog excludes unexercised contract options and unfunded indefinite delivery/indefinite quantity orders. For contracts having no stated contract values, backlog includes only the amounts committed by the customer as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The following table presents funded and unfunded backlog by segment as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025:


	March 31, 2026						December 31, 2025
($ in millions)	Funded		Unfunded		Total Backlog		Funded		Unfunded		Total Backlog
Ingalls	$	15,775	$	2,477	$	18,252	$	14,925	$	2,856	$	17,781
Newport News	14,523		15,949		30,472		15,337		14,588		29,925
Mission Technologies	1,672		3,637		5,309		1,723		3,710		5,433
Total backlog	$	31,970	$	22,063	$	54,033	$	31,985	$	21,154	$	53,139

We expect approximately 21% of the $53.1 billion total backlog as of December 31, 2025, to be converted into sales in 2026. U.S. Government orders comprised substantially all of the backlog as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Contract Awards

The value of new contract awards during the three months ended March 31, 2026, was approximately $4.0 billion, primarily driven by awards at Newport News and Ingalls.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

We seek to efficiently convert operating results into cash for deployment in operating our businesses, implementing our business strategy, and maximizing stockholder value. We use various financial measures to inform our capital deployment strategy, including net cash used in operating activities and free cash flow. We believe these measures are useful to investors in assessing our financial performance.

The following table summarizes key components of cash flow used in operating activities:


	Three Months Ended March 31				2026 vs. 2025

($ in millions)	2026		2025		Dollars
Net earnings	$	149	$	149	$	—
Depreciation and amortization of purchased intangibles	76		79		(3)
Stock-based compensation	21		24		(3)

Deferred income taxes	43		(11)		54




Loss (gain) on investments in marketable securities	3		(3)		6

Other non-cash transactions, net	3		3		—
Retiree benefits	(45)		(38)		(7)
Trade working capital increase	(640)		(598)		(42)
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(390)	$	(395)	$	5

We have historically maintained a capital structure comprised of a mix of equity and debt financing. We expect to meet our current debt obligations as they come due through internally generated funds from current levels of operations, existing borrowing facilities, and/or through refinancing in the debt markets prior to the maturity dates of our debt.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

Cash used in operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $390 million, compared with cash used in operating activities of $395 million for the same period in 2025.

We expect cash generated from operations in combination with our current cash and cash equivalents, as well as existing borrowing facilities, to be sufficient to service debt and retiree benefit plans, meet contractual obligations, and fund capital expenditures for at least the next twelve calendar months beginning April 1, 2026, and beyond such twelve-month period based on our current business plans.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $71 million, compared to $199 million used in investing activities for the same period in 2025. The change in investing cash was primarily driven by the acquisition of a business in the first quarter of 2025.

For 2026, we expect our capital expenditures for maintenance and sustainment to be approximately 1.0% to 1.5% of annual revenues and our discretionary capital expenditures to be approximately 3.0% to 3.5% of annual revenues. Our capital expenditures are expected to increase due to investments to expand our shipbuilding capacity.

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2026, was $97 million, compared with $70 million used in financing activities for the same period in 2025. The change in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to an increase in employee taxes on certain share-based payment arrangements.

Free Cash Flow

Free cash flow represents cash used in operating activities less capital expenditures net of related grant proceeds. Free cash flow is not a measure recognized under GAAP. Free cash flow has limitations as an analytical tool and should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, net earnings as a measure of our performance or net cash used in operating activities as a measure of our liquidity. We believe free cash flow is an important liquidity measure for our investors because it provides them insight into our current and period-to-period performance and our ability to generate cash from continuing operations. We also use free cash flow as a key operating metric in assessing the performance of our business and as a key performance measure in evaluating management performance and determining incentive compensation. Free cash flow may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies.

The following table reconciles net cash used in operating activities to free cash flow:


	Three Months Ended March 31				2026 vs. 2025

($ in millions)	2026		2025		Dollars
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(390)	$	(395)	$	5
Less capital expenditures:
Capital expenditure additions	(74)		(67)		(7)
Grant proceeds for capital expenditures	3		—		3
Free cash flow	$	(461)	$	(462)	$	1

Free cash flow for the three months ended March 31, 2026, increased $1 million from the same period in 2025.

Governmental Regulation and Supervision

The U.S. Government has the ability, pursuant to regulations relating to contractor business systems, to decrease or withhold contract payments if it determines material weaknesses exist in one or more such systems. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the cumulative amounts of payments withheld by the U.S. Government under our contracts subject to these regulations were not material to our liquidity or cash flows.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

In the ordinary course of business, we use letters of credit issued by commercial banks to support certain leases, insurance policies, and contractual performance obligations, as well as surety bonds issued by insurance companies principally to support our self-insured workers' compensation plans. As of March 31, 2026, $11 million in letters of credit were issued but undrawn and $368 million of surety bonds were outstanding. As of March 31, 2026, we had no other significant off-balance sheet arrangements.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS UPDATES

See Note 3: Accounting Standards Updates for further information.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND PROJECTIONS

Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our other filings with the SEC, as well as other statements we may make from time to time, other than statements of historical fact, constitute "forward-looking statements"

within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by words such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "intends," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "guidance," "outlook," "predicts," "potential," "continue," and similar words or phrases or the negative of these words or phrases. These statements relate to future events or our future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause our actual results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Although we believe the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable when made, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. There are a number of important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated by our forward-looking statements, which include, but are not limited to:

our dependence on the U.S. Government for substantially all of our business;
significant delays or reductions in appropriations for our programs and/or changes in customer priorities and requirements (including government budgetary constraints, government shutdowns, shifts in defense spending, and changes in customer short-range and long-range plans);
our ability to estimate our future contract costs, including cost increases due to inflation, labor challenges, changes in trade policy, or other factors and our efforts to recover or offset such costs and/or changes in estimated contract costs, and perform our contracts effectively;
changes in business practices, procurement processes and government regulations, including changes through executive orders, contract terms, or other policies or practices applicable to our industry, and our ability to comply with such requirements;
adverse economic conditions in the United States and globally;
our level of indebtedness and ability to service our indebtedness;
our ability to deliver our products and services at an affordable life cycle cost and compete within our markets;
our ability to attract, retain, and train a qualified workforce;
subcontractor and supplier performance and the availability and pricing of raw materials and components;
our ability to execute our strategic plan, including with respect to share repurchases, dividends, capital expenditures, and strategic acquisitions;
investigations, claims, disputes, enforcement actions, litigation (including criminal, civil, and administrative), and/or other legal proceedings, and improper conduct of employees, agents, subcontractors, suppliers, business partners, or joint ventures in which we participate, including the impact on our reputation or ability to do business;
changes in key estimates and assumptions regarding our pension and retiree health care costs;
security threats, including cybersecurity threats, and related disruptions;
natural and environmental disasters and political instability;
health epidemics, pandemics and similar outbreaks; and
other risk factors discussed herein and in our other filings with the SEC.

Additional factors include those described in our 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K, including under the captions Risk Factors, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Business, in our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, including under the captions Risk Factors and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and in our subsequent filings with the SEC.

There may be other risks and uncertainties that we are unable to predict at this time or that we currently do not expect to have a material adverse effect on our business, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements that we may make.

GLOSSARY OF PROGRAMS

Included below are brief descriptions of some of the programs discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Program Name						Program Description

Aircraft carrier RCOH						Perform refueling and complex overhaul ("RCOH") of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers, which is required at the mid-point of their 50-year life cycle. USS John C. Stennis (CVN 74) arrived at Newport News for the start of its RCOH in May 2021, and USS George Washington (CVN 73) was redelivered to the U.S. Navy in May 2023.

America class (LHA 6) amphibious assault ships						Design and build large deck amphibious assault ships that provide forward presence and power projection as an integral part of joint, interagency and multinational maritime expeditionary forces. The America class (LHA 6) ships, together with the Wasp class (LHD 1) ships, are the successors to the decommissioned Tarawa class (LHA 1) ships. The America class (LHA 6) ships optimize aviation operations and support capabilities. In 2023, we were awarded a long-lead-time material contract for Helmand Province (LHA 10), and in 2024, we were awarded a contract modification for the detail design and construction of Helmand Province (LHA 10). We are currently constructing Bougainville (LHA 8) and Fallujah (LHA 9).

Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers						Build guided missile destroyers designed for conducting anti-air, anti-submarine, anti-surface, and strike operations. The Aegis-equipped Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers are the U.S. Navy's primary surface combatant, and have been constructed in variants, allowing technological advances during construction. We delivered USS Jack H. Lucas (DDG 125) and USS Ted Stevens (DDG 128) in 2023 and 2025, respectively. We have contracts to construct the following Arleigh Burke class (DDG 51) destroyers: Jeremiah Denton (DDG 129), George M. Neal (DDG 131), Sam Nunn (DDG 133), Thad Cochran (DDG 135), John F. Lehman (DDG 137), Telesforo Trinidad (DDG 139), Ernest E. Evans (DDG 141), Charles J. French (DDG 142), Richard J. Danzig (DDG 143), Intrepid (DDG 145), and Robert Kerrey (DDG 146).

Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarines						Design and construct modules for Columbia class (SSBN 826) nuclear ballistic missile submarines ("SSBNs") as a subcontractor to Electric Boat. SSBNs are the most secure and survivable of our nation’s nuclear deterrent triad. Columbia class SSBNs will carry approximately 70 percent of the nation’s nuclear arsenal. The Columbia class (SSBN 826) program plan of record is to construct 12 new SSBNs to replace the current aging Ohio class. As a subcontractor to Electric Boat, we leverage our Virginia class (SSN 774) experience to perform design work and build modules for the entire Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine program. We have been awarded contracts from Electric Boat for integrated product and process development, providing long–lead–time material and advance construction, and construction of the first two boats of the Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine program. Construction of the first Columbia class (SSBN 826) submarine began in 2020. In 2023, we received an award modification for long-lead-time material and advance construction for the next five boats.

Gerald R. Ford class (CVN 78) aircraft carriers						Design and construction for the Ford class program, which is the aircraft carrier replacement program for the decommissioned Enterprise (CVN 65) and Nimitz class (CVN 68) aircraft carriers. USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78), the first ship of the Ford class, was delivered to the U.S. Navy in the second quarter of 2017. In June 2015, we were awarded a contract for the detail design and construction of John F. Kennedy (CVN 79), following several years of engineering, advance construction, and purchase of long-lead-time components and material. In addition, we have received awards for detail design and construction of Enterprise (CVN 80) and Doris Miller (CVN 81). This category also includes the class' non-recurring engineering. The class is expected to bring improved warfighting capability, quality of life improvements for sailors, and reduced life cycle costs.


Legend class National Security Cutter						Design and build the U.S. Coast Guard's National Security Cutters ("NSCs"), the largest and most technically advanced class of cutter in the U.S. Coast Guard. The NSC is equipped to carry out maritime homeland security, maritime safety, protection of natural resources, maritime mobility, and national defense missions. There were initially 11 ships for this program, of which the first ten ships have been delivered. In 2025, we reached agreement with the U.S. Coast Guard to terminate production and delivery of the 11th and final ship.

Naval nuclear support services						Provide services to and in support of the U.S. Navy, ranging from services supporting the Navy's carrier and submarine fleets to maintenance services at U.S. Navy training facilities. Naval nuclear support services include design, construction, maintenance, and disposal activities for in-service U.S. Navy nuclear ships worldwide through mobile and in-house capabilities. Services include maintenance services on nuclear reactor prototypes, such as those at the Kenneth A. Kesselring Site, a research and development facility in New York that supports the U.S. Navy, which were completed in 2024.

San Antonio class (LPD 17) amphibious transport dock ships						Design and build amphibious transport dock ships, which are warships that embark, transport, and land elements of a landing force for a variety of expeditionary warfare missions, and also serve as the secondary aviation platform for Amphibious Readiness Groups. The San Antonio class (LPD 17) is the newest addition to the U.S. Navy's 21st century amphibious assault force, and these ships are a key element of the U.S. Navy's seabase transformation. In 2022, we were awarded a long-lead-time material contract for Philadelphia (LPD 32). In 2023, we received an award modification for the detail design and construction of Philadelphia (LPD 32). In 2024, we delivered USS Richard M. McCool Jr. (LPD 29), and we were awarded a multi-ship procurement contract for the construction of Travis Manion (LPD 33), LPD 34 (unnamed), and LPD 35 (unnamed). We are currently constructing Harrisburg (LPD 30), Pittsburgh (LPD 31), and Philadelphia (LPD 32).

Virginia class (SSN 774) fast attack submarines						Construct attack submarines as the principal subcontractor to Electric Boat. The Virginia class (SSN 774) is a post-Cold War design tailored to excel in a wide range of warfighting missions, including anti-submarine and surface ship warfare; special operation forces; strike; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance; carrier and expeditionary strike group support; and mine warfare.

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