Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
All information in this section applies to Host Inc. and Host L.P.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
Our future income, cash flows and fair values with respect to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We have no derivative financial instruments that are held for trading purposes. We use derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks.
The interest payments on 65% of our debt are fixed in nature. Valuations for mortgage debt and the credit facility are determined based on expected future payments, discounted at risk-adjusted rates. The senior notes are valued based on quoted market prices. If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt increase or decrease by 100 basis points, interest expense would increase or decrease, respectively, our future earnings and cash flows by approximately $15 million in 2016. The table below presents scheduled maturities and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates (in millions, except percentages):
| Expected Maturity Date | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fair | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2016 | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | 2020 | Thereafter | Total | Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed rate (1) (2) | $ | (6 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (5 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | (4 | ) | $ | 2,543 | $ | 2,519 | $ | 2,610 | ||||||||||
| Average interest rate | 4.66 | % | 4.66 | % | 4.66 | % | 4.66 | % | 4.66 | % | 4.62 | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Variable rate (1) | $ | 163 | $ | 500 | $ | 335 | $ | — | $ | 500 | $ | — | $ | 1,498 | $ | 1,498 | |||||||||||||||
| Average interest rate (3) | 1.74 | % | 1.57 | % | 1.51 | % | 1.52 | % | 1.52 | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total debt | $ | 4,017 | $ | 4,108 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate derivative | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Variable to fixed-notional (4) | $ | 45 | $ | — | $ | 36 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 81 | |||||||||||||||||
| Fair value (asset)/liability | $ | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average pay rate(5) (6) | 6.30 | % | 5.85 | % | 5.85 | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| Average receive rate (5) (6) | 4.31 | % | 3.98 | % | 3.98 | % | — | % | — | % | — | % | |||||||||||||||||||
| ___________ |
| (1) | The amounts are net of unamortized discounts and deferred financing costs. |
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| (2) | Negative amounts prior to maturity represent the amortization of original issue discounts and deferred financing costs. |
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| (3) | The interest rate for our floating rate payments is based on the rate in effect as of December 31, 2015. No adjustments are made for forecast changes in the rate. |
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Interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges. We have designated our floating-to-fixed interest rate swap derivatives as cash flow hedges. The purpose of the interest rate swaps is to hedge against changes in cash flows (interest payments) attributable to fluctuations in benchmark interest rates associated with variable rate debt. The derivatives are valued based on the prevailing market yield curve on the date of measurement. We also evaluate counterparty credit risk when we calculate the fair value of the swaps. Changes in the fair value of the derivatives are recorded to other comprehensive income (loss) on the accompanying balance sheets. The hedges were fully effective as of December 31, 2015.
During 2015, in contemplation of issuing the 4% Series E senior notes, we entered into three forward swaps and two treasury locks for total notional amounts of $150 million and $200 million, respectively. The purpose of the forward swaps and treasury locks was to hedge against changes in interest-related cash flows (forecast interest payments) on an issuance of long-term debt. The forward swaps hedged the risk of changes in the 3-month LIBOR rate over a 10-year period and the treasury locks hedged the risk of changes in the 10-year U.S. Treasury rate. Subsequent to the pricing date of the 4% Series E senior notes in May 2015, we net settled the three forward swaps and two treasury locks for total proceeds of approximately $4 million. The gain on the forward swaps and treasury locks initially was recorded to other comprehensive income and now is being amortized over the 10-year life of the Series E senior notes, as a reduction to interest expense.
Also in 2015, in contemplation of issuing the 4.5% Series F senior notes, we entered into five forward swaps for a total notional amount of $350 million. The purpose of the forward swaps was to hedge against changes in interest-related cash flows (forecast interest payments) on an issuance of long-term debt. The forward swaps hedged the risk of changes in the 3-month LIBOR rate over a
10-year period. Subsequent to the pricing date of the 4.5% Series F senior notes in October 2015, we net settled the five forward swaps for a total payment of approximately $9 million. The loss on the forward swaps initially was recorded to other comprehensive income and now is being amortized over the 10-year life of the Series F senior notes, as an increase to interest expense. The following table summarizes our interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (in millions):The following table summarizes our interest rate swap derivatives designated as cash flow hedges (in millions):
| Currently Outstanding | Change in Fair Value - All Contracts | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gain (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Notional | Maturity | Swapped | All-in- | Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||||
| Transaction Date | Amount | Date | Index | Rate | 2015 | 2014 | |||||||||||||||
| November 2011 (1) | A$ | 62 | November 2016 | Reuters BBSY | 6.7 | % | $ | 1 | $ | — | |||||||||||
| February 2011 (2) | NZ$ | 53 | February 2016 | NZ$ Bank Bill | 7.15 | % | — | — | |||||||||||||
| ___________ |
| (1) | The swap was entered into in connection with the A$86 million ($63 million) mortgage loan on the Hilton Melbourne South Wharf. |
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| (2) | The swap was entered into in connection with the NZ$53 million ($36 million) mortgage loan on four properties in New Zealand outstanding at December 31, 2015. |
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Exchange Rate Sensitivity
We have currency exchange risk as a result of our hotel ownership in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Mexico and New Zealand and our investment in the European and Asia/Pacific joint ventures. We utilize several strategies to mitigate the exposure of exchange risk for our portfolio, including (i) utilizing local currency denominated debt (including foreign currency draws on our credit facility), (ii) entering into forward or option foreign currency purchase contracts, and (iii) investing through partnership and joint venture structures. For 2015 and 2014, revenues from our consolidated foreign operations were $221 million and $277 million, or 4% and 5%, respectively, of our total revenues. As of December 31, 2015, our international investments consisted of the following (in millions):
Consolidated
| Country | Consolidated Assets (Book Value) | Mortgage Debt | Non-Controlling Interest | Net Assets | Credit Facility Draw(1) | Foreign Currency Forward Purchase Contracts (notional) | Net Asset Exposure | 2015 Net Gain/(Loss) on Foreign Currency Exposure (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Australia | $ | 110 | $ | (63 | ) | $ | (14 | ) | $ | 33 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 33 | $ | (5 | ) | |||||||||||||
| Brazil | 65 | — | — | 65 | — | — | 65 | (25 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | 71 | — | — | 71 | (77 | ) | (22 | ) | (28 | ) | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Chile | 60 | — | — | 60 | — | — | 60 | (10 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mexico | 23 | — | (11 | ) | 12 | — | — | 12 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Zealand | 77 | (36 | ) | — | 41 | — | — | 41 | (2 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | — | — | — | — | (17 | ) | — | (17 | ) | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| $ | 406 | $ | (99 | ) | $ | (25 | ) | $ | 282 | $ | (94 | ) | $ | (22 | ) | $ | 166 | $ | (43 | ) |
Unconsolidated
| Investment Balance | Foreign Currency Forward Purchase Contracts (notional) | Credit Facility Draw | Net Asset Exposure | 2015 Net Gain/(Loss) on Foreign Currency Exposure (2) | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Joint Venture | $ | 251 | $ | (124 | ) | $ | (84 | ) | $ | 43 | $ | (13 | ) | |||||||
| Asia/Pacific Joint Venture | 25 | — | — | 25 | — | |||||||||||||||
| $ | 276 | $ | (124 | ) | $ | (84 | ) | $ | 68 | $ | (13 | ) | ||||||||
| ___________ |
| (1) | Approximately $33 million of the $77 million CAD credit facility draw has been designated as a hedge of our net investment in Canadian entities. |
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| (2) | Includes a net loss of $52 million that is included in accumulated other comprehensive income and $4 million recognized during 2015 in our Statement of Operations. |
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Hedging Instruments. As described above, to manage the currency exchange risk applicable to ownership in non-U.S. hotels, where possible, we may enter into forward or option foreign currency purchase contracts or designate a portion of the foreign currency draws on our credit facility as hedges of net investments in foreign operations. The foreign currency exchange agreements into which we have entered strictly are to hedge foreign currency risk and are not for trading purposes.
During 2015, upon the maturity of two foreign currency forward sale contracts with a total notional amount of €55 million, for which we received total proceeds of approximately $12 million, we entered into two new foreign currency forward sale contracts with a total notional amount of €55 million. The gain related to the matured contracts is included in accumulated other comprehensive income and will be recognized in earnings when our investment in the Euro JV has been repatriated.
As of December 31, 2015, we have five foreign currency forward sale contracts that hedge a portion of the foreign currency exposure resulting from the eventual repatriation of our net investment in foreign operations. These derivatives are considered hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation and are marked-to-market with changes in fair value recorded to other comprehensive income (loss) within the equity portion of our balance sheets. The foreign currency forward sale contracts are valued based on the forward yield curve of the foreign currency to U.S. dollar forward exchange rate on the date of measurement. Pursuant to these contracts, we will sell the foreign currency amount, as applicable, and receive the U.S. dollar amount on the forward sale date. We also evaluate counterparty credit risk when we calculate the fair value of the derivatives.
As of December 31, 2015, the fair value of our foreign currency forward sale contracts is $17 million. The following table summarizes our foreign currency forward sale contracts (in millions):
| Currently Outstanding | Change in Fair Value - All Contracts | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | |||||||||||||||||||
| Transaction Amount in | Total Transaction | Gain (Loss) | |||||||||||||||||
| Transaction Date | Foreign | Amount | Forward Purchase | Year ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
| Range | Currency | in Dollars | Date Range | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||||||||
| January 2013-September 2015 | € | 100 | $ | 124 | January 2016-September 2017 | $ | 13 | $ | 18 | ||||||||||
| November 2014 | C$ | 25 | $ | 22 | November 2016 | $ | 3 | $ | 1 |
In addition to the foreign currency forward sale contracts, we have designated a portion of the foreign currency draws on our credit facility as hedges of net investments in foreign operations. As a result, currency translation adjustments in the designated credit facility draws are recorded to other comprehensive income (loss) within the equity portion of our balance sheet, which adjustments offset a portion of the translation adjustment related to our international investments. The following table summarizes the draws on our credit facility that are designated as hedges of net investments in foreign operations (in millions):
| Balance | Balance | Gain (Loss) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outstanding | Outstanding in | Year ended December 31, | ||||||||||
| Currency | US$ | Foreign Currency | 2015 | 2014 | ||||||||
| Canadian dollars (1) | $ | 33 | C$ | 46 | $ | 5 | $ | 2 | ||||
| Euros | $ | 84 | € | 77 | $ | 10 | $ | 13 | ||||
| ___________ |
| (1) | We have drawn an additional $44 million on the credit facility in Canadian dollars that has not been designated as a hedging instrument. |
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