Host Hotels & Resorts 10-K 2018-12-31

Filed 2019-02-26. 22 sections, 567K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown · JSON

What changed since the 2017-12-31 10-KNew, removed and reworded risk factor headings, then every item sentence by sentence.

Cover and table of contents

10-K 1 hst-10k_20181231.htm 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

☒ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number: 001-14625 (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.)

0-25087 (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC.

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, L.P.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Maryland (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.) Delaware (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)53-0085950 (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.) 52-2095412 (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6903 Rockledge Drive, Suite 1500 Bethesda, Maryland20817
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code)

(240) 744-1000

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each ClassName of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.Common Stock, $.01 par value (740,473,371 shares outstanding as of February 19, 2019)New York Stock Exchange
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.NoneNone

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.None
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.Units of limited partnership interest (732,359,445 units outstanding as of February 19, 2019)

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.Yes ☒No ☐
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.Yes ☐No ☒
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.Yes ☐No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.Yes ☒No ☐
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.Yes ☒No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.Yes ☒No ☐
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.Yes ☒No ☐

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.:

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.

Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐

Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.

Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.Yes ☐No ☒
Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.Yes ☐No ☒

The aggregate market value of common shares held by non-affiliates of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (based on the closing sale price on the New York Stock Exchange) on June 29, 2018 was $15,347,835,590.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and delivered to stockholders in connection with its annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 16, 2019 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Host Inc.” mean Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and references to “Host L.P.” mean Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, and its consolidated subsidiaries. We use the terms “we” or “our” or “the company” to refer to Host Inc. and Host L.P. together, unless the context indicates otherwise. We use the term Host Inc. to specifically refer to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and the term Host L.P. to specifically refer to Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. (and its consolidated subsidiaries) in cases where it is important to distinguish between Host Inc. and Host L.P. Host Inc. owns properties and conducts operations through Host L.P., of which Host Inc. is the sole general partner and of which it holds approximately 99% of the partnership interests (“OP units”) as of December 31, 2018. The remaining partnership interests are owned by various unaffiliated limited partners. As the sole general partner of Host L.P., Host Inc. has the exclusive and complete responsibility for Host L.P.’s day-to-day management and control.

We believe combining the annual reports on Form 10-K of Host Inc. and Host L.P. into this single report results in the following benefits:

•enhances investors’ understanding of Host Inc. and Host L.P. by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;
•eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined presentation, since a substantial portion of our disclosure applies to both Host Inc. and Host L.P.; and
•creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

Management operates Host Inc. and Host L.P. as one enterprise. The management of Host Inc. consists of the same members who direct the management of Host L.P. The executive officers of Host Inc. are appointed by Host Inc.’s board of directors, but are employed by Host L.P. Host L.P. employs everyone who works for Host Inc. or Host L.P. As general partner with control of Host L.P., Host Inc. consolidates Host L.P. for financial reporting purposes, and Host Inc. does not have significant assets other than its investment in Host L.P. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of Host Inc. and Host L.P. are the same on their respective financial statements.

There are a few differences between Host Inc. and Host L.P., which are reflected in the disclosure in this report. We believe it is important to understand the differences between Host Inc. and Host L.P. in the context of how Host Inc. and Host L.P. operate as an interrelated consolidated company. Host Inc. is a real estate investment trust, or REIT, and its only material asset is its ownership of partnership interests of Host L.P. As a result, Host Inc. does not conduct business itself, other than acting as the sole general partner of Host L.P., and issuing public equity from time to time, the proceeds from which are contributed to Host L.P. in exchange for OP units. Host Inc. itself does not issue any indebtedness and does not guarantee the debt or obligations of Host L.P. Host L.P. holds substantially all of our assets and holds the ownership interests in our joint ventures. Host L.P. conducts the operations of the business and is structured as a limited partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for net proceeds from public equity issuances by Host Inc., Host L.P. generates the capital required by our business through Host L.P.’s operations, by Host L.P.’s direct or indirect incurrence of indebtedness, or through the issuance of OP units.

The substantive difference between the filings of Host Inc. and Host L.P. is that Host Inc. is a REIT with public stock, while Host L.P. is a partnership with no publicly traded equity. In the financial statements, this difference primarily is reflected in the equity (or partners’ capital for Host L.P.) section of the consolidated balance sheets and in the consolidated statements of equity (or partners’ capital) and in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) with respect to the manner in which income is allocated to non-controlling interests. Income allocable to the holders of approximately 1% of the OP units is reflected as income allocable to non-controlling interests at Host Inc. and within net income at Host L.P. Also, earnings per share generally will be slightly less than the earnings per OP unit, as each Host Inc. common share is the equivalent of .97895 OP units (instead of 1 OP unit). Apart from these differences, the financial statements of Host Inc. and Host L.P. are nearly identical.

i

To help investors understand the differences between Host Inc. and Host L.P., this report presents the following separate sections or portions of sections for each of Host Inc. and Host L.P.:

•Part II Item 5 - Market for Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Host Inc. / Market for Registrant’s Common Units, Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Host L.P.;
•Part II Item 6 - Selected Financial Data;
•Part II Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is combined, except for a separate discussion of material differences, if any, in the liquidity and capital resources between Host Inc. and Host L.P.;
•Part II Item 7A - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk is combined, except for separate discussions of material differences, if any, between Host Inc. and Host L.P.; and
•Part II Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. While the financial statements themselves are presented separately, the notes to the financial statements generally are combined, except for separate discussions of differences between equity of Host Inc. and capital of Host L.P.

This report also includes separate Item 9A. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibit 31 and 32 certifications for each of Host Inc. and Host L.P. in order to establish that the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of Host Inc. and the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of Host Inc. as the general partner of Host L.P. have made the requisite certifications and that Host Inc. and Host L.P. are compliant with Rule 13a-15 or Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350.

ii

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC. AND HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, L.P.

Page
Part I
Item 1.Business1
Item 1A.Risk Factors15
Item 1B.Unresolved Staff Comments31
Item 2.Properties31
Item 3.Legal Proceedings32
Item 4.Mine Safety Disclosures32
Part II
Item 5.Market for Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Host Inc.34
Market for Registrant’s Common Units, Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Host L.P.35
Item 6.Selected Financial Data (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.)36
Selected Financial Data (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)36
Item 7.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations37
Item 7A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk68
Item 8.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data69
Item 9.Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure110
Item 9A.Controls and Procedures110
Item 9B.Other Information110
Part III
Item 10.Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance111
Item 11.Executive Compensation111
Item 12.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder and Unitholder Matters111
Item 13.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence111
Item 14.Principal Accounting Fees and Services111
Part IV
Item 15.Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules112
Item 16.Form 10-K Summary116

iii

PART I

Forward Looking Statements

Our disclosure and analysis in this 2018 Form 10-K and in Host Inc.’s 2018 Annual Report to stockholders contain some forward-looking statements that set forth anticipated results based on management’s plans and assumptions. From time to time, we also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public. Such statements give our current expectations or forecasts of future events; they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. We have tried, wherever possible, to identify each such statement by using words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “will,” “target,” “forecast” and similar expressions in connection with any discussion of future operating or financial performance. In particular, these forward-looking statements include those relating to future actions, future acquisitions or dispositions, future capital expenditures plans, future performance or results of current and anticipated expenses, interest rates, foreign exchange rates or the outcome of contingencies, such as legal proceedings.

We cannot guarantee that any future results discussed in any forward-looking statements will be realized, although we believe that we have been prudent in our plans and assumptions. Achievement of future results is subject to risks, uncertainties and potentially inaccurate assumptions, including those discussed in Item 1A “Risk Factors.” Should known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove inaccurate, actual results could differ materially from past results and those results anticipated, estimated or projected. You should bear this in mind as you consider forward-looking statements.

We undertake no obligation to publicly update forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise. You are advised, however, to consult any further disclosures we make or related subjects in our reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Also note that, in our risk factors, we provide a cautionary discussion of risks, uncertainties and possibly inaccurate assumptions relevant to our business. These are factors that, individually or in the aggregate, we believe could cause our actual results to differ materially from past results and those results anticipated, estimated or projected. We note these factors for investors as permitted by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. It is not possible to predict or identify all such risk factors. Consequently, you should not consider the discussion of risk factors to be a complete discussion of all the potential risks or uncertainties that could affect our business.

Item 1. Business

| --- | --- |

Host Inc. was incorporated as a Maryland corporation in 1998 and operates as a self-managed and self-administered REIT. Host Inc. owns properties and conducts operations through Host L.P., of which Host Inc. is the sole general partner and of which it holds approximately 99% of the partnership interests (“OP units”) as of December 31, 2018. The remaining partnership interests are owned by various unaffiliated limited partners. Host Inc. has the exclusive and complete responsibility for Host L.P.’s day-to-day management and control.

As of February 21, 2019, our consolidated lodging portfolio consists of 93 primarily luxury and upper-upscale hotels containing approximately 52,000 rooms, with the majority located in the United States, and with five of the properties located outside of the U.S. in Brazil and Canada. In addition, we own non-controlling interests in five domestic and one international joint venture and a timeshare venture in Hawaii.

Business Strategy

Our goal is to be the preeminent owner of high-quality lodging real estate in growing markets in the U.S. and to generate superior long-term returns for our stockholders throughout all lodging cycles through a combination of appreciation in asset values, growth in earnings and dividend distributions. The pillars of our strategy to achieve this objective includes:

•Geographically diverse portfolio of hotels in the U.S. - Own a diversified U.S. portfolio of hotels in major urban and resort destinations;
•Strong scale and integrated platform – Utilize our scale to create value through enterprise analytics, asset management and capital investment initiatives, while aiding external growth by leveraging scale as a competitive advantage to acquire assets befitting our strategy. Allocate and recycle capital to seek returns that exceed our cost of capital and actively return capital to stockholders;
•Investment grade balance sheet - Maintain a strong and flexible capital structure that allows us to execute our strategy throughout all lodging cycles; and
•Employer of choice and responsible corporate citizen – Align our organizational structure with our business objectives to be an employer of choice and a responsible corporate citizen.

Geographically Diverse Portfolio.

We seek to have a geographically diversified portfolio in top U.S. major markets and premier resort destinations. We primarily will focus on acquisitions and, occasionally, new development opportunities to enhance our portfolio. We focus generally on the following types of assets:

•Resorts in locations with strong airlift and limited supply growth. These assets feature superior amenities and are operated by premier operators;
•Convention destination hotels that are group oriented in urban and resort markets. These assets feature extensive and high-quality meeting facilities and often are connected to prominent convention centers; and
•High-end urban hotels that are positioned in prime locations and possess multiple demand drivers for both business and leisure travelers.

As one of the largest owners of Marriott and Hyatt properties, our hotels primarily are operated under brand names that are among the most respected and widely recognized in the lodging industry. Within these brands, we have focused predominantly on the upper-upscale and luxury asset classes, as we believe these classes have a broad appeal for both individual and group leisure and business customers. In addition, we have several unbranded or soft-branded properties that appeal to distinctive customer profiles in certain select submarkets.

Strong Scale and an Integrated Platform

Enterprise Analytics Platform. Due to the scale of our asset management and business intelligence platform, we believe we are in a unique position to implement value-added real estate decisions and to assist managers in driving operating performance. The size and composition of our portfolio and our affiliation with most of the leading brands and operators in the industry allow our enterprise analytics team to benchmark similar hotels and identify best practices and efficiencies that can improve long-term profitability. We perform independent underwriting of return on investment (“ROI”) projects and potential acquisitions, as well as revenue management analysis of ancillary revenue opportunities. Our goal is to continue to differentiate our assets within their competitive market, drive operating performance and enhance the overall value of our real estate through the following:

•Enhance profitability by using our business intelligence system to benchmark and monitor hotel performance and cost controls.
•Drive revenue growth by conducting detailed strategic reviews with our managers on markets and business mix to assist them in developing the appropriate group/transient mix, on-line presence to address a broad customer base, and market share targets for each property.
•Work with leading brands, such as Marriott and Hyatt, to take advantage of their worldwide presence and lodging infrastructure. We also have 18 hotels managed by independent operators where we believe these operators have more flexibility to drive revenues and control costs to maximize profits.
•Improve asset value through the extension or purchase of ground leases or the restructuring of management agreements to increase contract flexibility.

Disciplined Capital Allocation. Guided by a disciplined approach to capital allocation, we are aligned to make investment decisions that seek to deliver the greatest value and returns to stockholders. Our goal is to allocate capital to enhance and improve our portfolio, while balancing the importance of prudently returning capital to stockholders.

For 2019, we will continue our disciplined approach to capital allocation and intend to take advantage of our strong balance sheet and overall scale. We constantly are evaluating both single hotel and hotel portfolio transactions to acquire iconic upper-upscale and luxury properties that we believe have sustainable competitive advantages. Similarly, we intend to continue our capital recycling program with strategic and opportunistic dispositions. This may include asset sales, where we believe the potential for growth is constrained or properties with significant capital expenditures requirements that we do not believe would generate an adequate return on investment exceeding our cost of capital.

We may acquire additional properties or dispose of properties through various structures, including transactions involving single assets, portfolios, joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions of the securities or assets of other REITs or distributions of hotel properties to our stockholders. We anticipate that any acquisitions may be funded by, or through a combination of, proceeds from the sales of properties, equity offerings of Host Inc., issuances of OP units by Host L.P., incurrence of debt, available cash or advances under our credit facility. We note, however, that the nature and supply of these assets make acquisitions inherently difficult to predict. For these reasons, we can make no assurances that we will be successful in purchasing any one or more hotels that we currently are reviewing, or may in the future review, bid on or negotiate to buy.

We also seek to create and mine value from our existing portfolio through ROI projects. We work closely with our managers to attempt to schedule these projects to minimize operational disruption and environmental impact. ROI projects are designed to take advantage of changing market conditions and the favorable location of our properties, while seeking to increase profitability and enhance customer satisfaction. These projects are designed to improve the positioning of our hotels within their markets and competitive set and include extensive renovations, including lobbies, food and beverage outlets; expanding and/or extensive renovation of ballroom and meeting rooms; major mechanical system upgrades, and sustainability initiatives. It also includes projects focused on increasing space profitability or lowering net operating costs, such as converting unprofitable or underutilized space into meeting space, adding guestrooms, and implementing energy and water conservation measures such as energy management systems, solar power, energy and usage efficient mechanical, electrical and plumbing equipment and fixtures, and building automation systems.

Renewal and replacement capital expenditures are designed to maintain the quality and competitiveness of our hotels. Typically, guestroom, meeting space and public space renovations occur at intervals of approximately seven to ten years, but the timing may vary based on the type of property and condition of areas being renovated. These renovations generally are divided into the following types: soft goods, case goods, bathroom and infrastructure. Soft goods include items such as carpeting, bed spreads, curtains and wall vinyl and may require more frequent updates to maintain brand quality standards. Case goods include items such as dressers, desks, couches, restaurant and meeting room chairs and tables, which generally are not replaced as frequently. Bathroom renovations include the replacement of tile, vanity, lighting and plumbing fixtures. Infrastructure includes the physical plant of the hotel, including the roof, elevators/escalators, façade, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning and fire systems.

Throughout the lodging cycle, to the extent that we are unable to find appropriate investment opportunities that meet our return requirements, we will focus on returning capital to stockholders through dividends or common stock repurchases. Significant factors we review to determine the level and timing of the returns to stockholders include our current stock price compared to our determination of the underlying value of our assets, current and forecast operating results and the completion of hotel sales.

Investment Grade Balance Sheet

Our goal is to maintain a flexible capital structure that allows us to execute our strategy throughout the lodging cycle. To maintain its qualification as a REIT, Host Inc. is required to distribute 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gain) to its stockholders each year and, as a result, generally relies on external sources of capital, as well as cash from operations, to finance growth.

Management believes that a strong balance sheet is a key competitive advantage that affords us a lower cost of capital and positions us for external growth. While we may issue debt at any time, we will target a net debt-to-earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”) ratio, (or “Leverage Ratio,” as defined in our credit facility) that allows us to maintain an investment grade rating on our senior unsecured debt. We believe an investment grade rating will deliver the most consistent access to capital at the lowest cost.

We seek to structure our debt profile to maintain financial flexibility and a balanced maturity schedule with access to different forms of financing; primarily senior notes and exchangeable debentures, as well as mortgage debt. Generally, we look to minimize the number of assets that are encumbered by mortgage debt, minimize near-term maturities and maintain a balanced maturity schedule. Depending on market conditions, we also may utilize variable rate debt which can provide greater protection during a decline in the lodging industry.

Corporate Responsibility

Our corporate responsibility strategic framework follows three themes to inform the integration of sustainability into the business and to guide our engagement with key stakeholders and communities:

•Responsible Investment: When acquiring properties, we seek to identify future capital investments and potential operational opportunities that reduce the property’s environmental footprint and mitigate climate change-related risks. During the ownership of our properties, we evaluate investments in proven sustainability technologies and collaborate with our operators and managers to adopt industry best practices that seek to improve environmental performance and enhance asset value.
•Environmental Stewardship: Our environmental goals focus on reducing energy consumption, water usage, waste to landfill and greenhouse emissions across our portfolio. We also seek certifications and alignment with leading verification and disclosure frameworks to support the effectiveness and transparency of our corporate responsibility program.
•Corporate Citizenship: We are committed to being a responsible corporate citizen and strengthening our local communities through financial support, community engagement, volunteer service, and industry collaboration. Our approach is reinforced by our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics and periodic engagement with key stakeholders to understand their corporate responsibility priorities and expectations.

In October 2018, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (“SASB”) issued the Real Estate Sustainability Accounting Standard. The standard outlines disclosure topics and accounting metrics for the real estate industry. The energy and water management metrics that best correlate with our industry include energy consumption data coverage as a percentage of floor area (“Energy Intensity”); total energy consumed by portfolio area (“Total Energy Consumption”); water withdrawal as a percentage of total floor area, or number of units (for our calculation we use occupied rooms) (“Water Intensity”); and total water withdrawn by portfolio area (“Total Water Consumption”). The energy and water data we use is collected and reviewed by third-parties who compile the data from property utility statements. These metrics enable us to track the effectiveness of water and energy reduction ROI projects.

We reference key aspects and metrics of our sustainability efforts through the Global Reporting Initiative (“GRI”) Index, in accordance with the GRI framework and, beginning in 2015, contracted with a third-party to provide further verification of our energy and water consumption data. Based on efficiencies gained in both energy and water usage, we achieved savings of approximately $6 million in 2017 and $2 million in 2016 when compared to 2015 Energy Intensity levels. The charts below detail our Energy Intensity, Total Energy Consumption, Water Intensity and Total Water Consumption for 2015 through 2017, the last three fiscal years for which data is available(1):

(1)Energy and water metrics relate to our consolidated domestic hotels owned for the entire year presented. The water data excludes one domestic hotel in 2015 and 2016 as reliable utility data was not available. The excluded hotel was sold in 2017.

For the first time, in early January 2019 we issued a 2018 Corporate Responsibility Highlights report, which provides a summary of results and progress over the last reporting year, along with future commitments.

The Lodging Industry

The lodging industry in the United States consists of private and public entities that operate in a diversified market under a variety of brand names. The lodging industry has several key participants:

•Owners—own the hotel and typically enter into an agreement for an independent third party to manage the hotel. These properties may be branded and operated under the manager’s brand or branded under a franchise agreement and operated by the franchisee or by an independent hotel manager. The properties also may be operated as an independent hotel by an independent hotel manager.
•Owner/Managers—own the hotel and operate the property with their own management team. These properties may be branded under a franchise agreement, operated as an independent hotel or operated under the owner’s brand. We are prohibited from operating and managing hotels by applicable REIT rules.
•Franchisors—own a brand or brands and strive to grow their revenues by expanding the number of hotels in their franchise system. Franchisors provide their hotels with brand recognition, marketing support and centralized reservation systems for the franchised hotels.
•Franchisor/Managers—own a brand or brands and operate hotels on behalf of the hotel owner or franchisee.
•Managers—operate hotels on behalf of the hotel owner, but do not, themselves, own a brand. The hotels may be operated under a franchise agreement or as an independent hotel.

The hotel manager is responsible for the day-to-day operation of the hotel, including the employment of hotel staff, the determination of room rates, the development of sales and marketing plans, the preparation of operating and capital expenditures

budgets and the preparation of financial reports for the owner. The hotel manager typically receives fees based on the revenues and profitability of the hotel.

Supply and Demand. Our industry is influenced by the cyclical relationship between the supply of and demand for hotel rooms. Lodging demand growth typically is related to the vitality of the overall economy, in addition to local market factors that stimulate travel to specific destinations. Trends in economic indicators such as gross domestic product (“GDP”) growth, business investment, corporate profits and employment growth are key indicators of the relative strength of lodging demand. Lodging demand also will be affected by changes to international travel patterns.

Lodging supply growth generally is driven by overall lodging demand, as extended periods of strong demand growth tend to encourage new development. However, the rate of supply growth also is influenced by several additional factors, including the availability of capital, interest rates, construction costs and unique market considerations. The relatively long lead-time required to complete the development of hotels makes supply growth easier to forecast than demand growth, but increases the volatility of the cyclical behavior of the lodging industry, as new supply may be planned during an upcycle but it may open for business in a weaker economy. Therefore, as illustrated in the charts below for the U.S. lodging industry, at different points in the cycle, demand growth may accelerate when supply growth is very low, or supply may accelerate while demand growth is slowing. A recent source of supply for the industry has been the rapid growth of online short-term rentals, including as a flexible option for apartment buildings. Though not reported through official industry statistics, the impact on the hotel industry and the availability of these outlets is more variable than typical changes in supply from hotel construction and tends to be very market specific. Local legislation around short-term rentals has limited supply growth in many top markets, though the growth of professional management for legal rentals remains a key trend.

Our portfolio primarily consists of upper upscale and luxury hotels and, accordingly, its performance is best understood in comparison to the upper upscale category rather than the entire industry. The charts below detail the historical supply, demand and revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) growth for the U.S. lodging industry and for the U.S. luxury and upper upscale categories for 2014 to 2018 and forecast data for 2019:

U.S. Lodging Industry Supply, Demand and RevPAR Growth

Source: Historical data - STR, 2019 Forecast - CBRE Hotels’ Americas Research

U.S. Luxury and Upper Upscale Supply, Demand and RevPAR Growth

Source: Historical data - STR, 2019 Forecast - CBRE Hotels’ Americas Research

Managers and Operational Agreements

All our hotels are managed by third parties pursuant to management or operating agreements, with some of such hotels also subject to separate franchise or license agreements addressing matters pertaining to operation under the designated brand. Under these agreements, the managers have sole responsibility and exclusive authority for all activities necessary for the day-to-day operation of the hotels, including establishing room rates, securing and processing reservations, procuring inventories, supplies and services, providing periodic inspection and consultation visits to the hotels by the managers’ technical and operational experts and promoting and publicizing the hotels. The managers employ all managerial and other employees for the hotels, review hotel operations with a focus on improving revenues and managing expenses, review the maintenance of the hotels, prepare reports, budgets and projections, and provide other administrative and accounting support services to the hotels. These support services include planning and policy services, divisional financial services, product planning and development, employee staffing and training, corporate executive management and certain in-house legal services. We have certain approval rights over budgets, capital expenditures, significant leases and contractual commitments, and various other matters.

General Terms and Provisions – Agreements governing our hotels managed by brand owners (Marriott, Hyatt, Hilton and AccorHotels) typically include the terms described below:

•Term and fees for operational services. The initial term of our management and operating agreements generally is 10 to 25 years, with one or more renewal terms at the option of the manager. The majority of our management agreements condition the manager’s right to exercise options for specified renewal terms upon the satisfaction of specified economic performance criteria. The manager typically receives compensation in the form of a base management fee, which is calculated as a percentage (generally 2-3%) of annual gross revenues, and an incentive management fee, which typically is calculated as a percentage (generally 10-20%) of operating profit after the owner has received a priority return on its investment in the hotel. In the case of our hotels operating under the W®, Westin®, Sheraton®, Luxury Collection® and St. Regis® brands and managed by Marriott following its acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. on September 23, 2016 (collectively, the “Starwood Hotels”), the base management fee is only 1% of annual gross revenues, but that amount is supplemented by license fees payable under a separate license agreement (as described below).
•License services. In the case of the Starwood Hotels, operations are governed by separate license agreements addressing matters pertaining to the designated brand, including rights to use trademarks, service marks and logos, matters relating to compliance with certain brand standards and policies, and the provision of certain system programs and centralized services. Although the term of these license agreements generally is coterminous with the corresponding operating agreements, the license agreements contemplate the potential for continued brand affiliation even in the event of a termination of the operating agreement (for instance, in the event the hotel is operated by an independent operator). Licensors receive compensation in the form of license fees (generally 5% of gross revenues attributable to room sales and 2% of gross revenues attributable to food and beverage sales), which amounts supplement the lower base management fee of 1% of gross revenues received by Marriott under the operating agreements, as noted above.
•Chain or system programs and services. Managers are required to provide chain or system programs and services generally that are furnished on a centralized basis. Such services include the development and operation of certain computer systems and reservation services, regional or other centralized management and administrative services, marketing and sales programs and services, training and other personnel services, and other centralized or regional services as may be determined to be more efficiently performed on a centralized, regional or group basis rather than on an individual hotel basis. Costs and expenses incurred in providing these chain or system programs and services generally are allocated on a cost reimbursement basis among all hotels managed by the manager or its affiliates or that otherwise benefit from these services.
•Working capital and fixed asset supplies. We are required to maintain working capital for each hotel and to fund the cost of certain fixed asset supplies (for example, linen, china, glassware, silver and uniforms). We also are responsible for providing funds to meet the cash needs for hotel operations if at any time the funds available from working capital are insufficient to meet the financial requirements of the hotels. For certain hotels, the working capital accounts which would otherwise be maintained by the managers for each of such hotels are maintained on a pooled basis, with managers being authorized to make withdrawals from such pooled account as otherwise contemplated with respect to working capital in accordance with the provisions of the management or operating agreements.
•Furniture, fixtures and equipment replacements. We are required to provide the managers with all furniture, fixtures and equipment (“FF&E”) necessary for the operation of the hotels (including funding any required FF&E replacements). On an annual basis, the managers prepare budgets for FF&E to be acquired and certain routine repairs and maintenance to be performed in the next year and an estimate of the necessary funds, which budgets are subject to our review and approval. For purposes of funding such expenditures, a specified percentage (typically 4-5%) of the gross revenues of each hotel is
deposited by the manager into an escrow or reserve account in our name, to which the manager has access. For certain hotels, we have negotiated flexibility with the manager that reduces the funding commitment required as follows:
oFor certain of our Marriott-managed hotels, we have entered into an agreement with Marriott to allow for such expenditures to be funded from one pooled reserve account, rather than periodic reserve fund contributions being deposited into separate reserve accounts at each of the subject hotels, with the minimum required balance maintained on an ongoing basis in that pooled reserve account being significantly less than the amount that would have been maintained otherwise in such separate hotel reserve accounts. Upon sale, a hotel-level reserve account would be funded (by either the purchaser or by us, as the seller) in the full amount of the reserve balance associated with the subject hotel.
oFor certain of the Starwood Hotels, periodic reserve fund contributions, which otherwise would be deposited into reserve accounts maintained by managers at each hotel, are distributed to us and we are responsible for providing funding of expenditures which otherwise would be funded from reserve accounts for each of the subject hotels. Upon sale, a hotel-level reserve account would be funded in the amount of the subject hotel’s pro rata share, if any, of the consolidated pooled reserve balance.
•Building alterations, improvements and renewals. The managers are required to prepare an annual estimate of the expenditures necessary for major repairs, alterations, improvements, renewals and replacements to the structural, mechanical, electrical, heating, ventilating, air conditioning, plumbing and elevators of each hotel, along with alterations and improvements to the hotel as are required, in the manager’s reasonable judgment, to keep the hotel in a competitive, efficient and economical operating condition that is consistent with brand standards. We generally have approval rights over such budgets and expenditures, which we review and approve based on our manager’s recommendations and on our judgment. Expenditures for these major repairs and improvements affecting the hotel building typically are funded directly by owners, although our agreements with Marriott in respect of the Starwood Hotels contemplate that certain such expenditures also may be funded from the FF&E reserve account.
•Treatment of additional owner funding. As additional owner funding becomes necessary, either for expenditures generally funded from the FF&E replacement funds, or for any major repairs or improvements to the hotel building which may be required to be funded directly by owners, most of our agreements provide for an economic benefit to us through an impact on the calculation of incentive management fees payable to our managers. One approach frequently utilized at some of our Marriott-managed hotels (excluding the Starwood Hotels) is to provide such owner funding through loans which are repaid, with interest, from operational revenues, with the repayment amounts reducing operating profit available for payment of incentive management fees. Another approach that is used at the Starwood Hotels, as well as with certain capital expenditures projects at some of our other Marriott-managed hotels, is to treat such owner funding as an increase to our investment in the hotel, resulting in an increase to owner’s priority return with a corresponding reduction to the amount of operating profit available for payment of incentive management fees. For the hotels that are subject to the pooled arrangement described above, the amount of any additional FF&E reserve account funding is allocated to each of such hotels on a pro rata basis, determined with reference to the net operating income of each hotel and the total net operating income of all such pooled hotels for the most recent operating year.
•Territorial protections. Certain management and operating agreements impose restrictions for a specified period which limit the manager and its affiliates from owning, operating or licensing a hotel of the same brand within a specified area. The area restrictions vary with each hotel, from city blocks in urban areas to up to a multi-mile radius from the hotel in other areas.
•Sale of the hotel. Subject to specific agreements as to certain hotels (see below under “Special Termination Rights”), we generally are limited in our ability to sell, lease or otherwise transfer the hotels by the requirement that the transferee assume the related management agreements and meet specified other conditions, including the condition that the transferee not be a competitor of the manager.
•Performance Termination Rights. In addition to any right to terminate that may arise as a result of a default by the manager, most of our management and operating agreements include reserved rights by us to terminate on the basis of the manager’s failure to meet certain performance-based metrics, typically including a specified threshold return on owner’s investment in the hotel, along with a failure of the hotel to achieve a specified RevPAR performance threshold established with reference to other competitive hotels in the market. Typically, such performance-based termination rights arise in the event the operator fails to achieve these specified performance thresholds over a consecutive two-year period and are subject to the manager’s ability to “cure” and avoid termination by payment to us of specified deficiency amounts (or, in some instances, waiver of the right to receive specified future management fees). We have agreed in the past, and may agree in the future, to waive certain of these termination rights in exchange for consideration from a manager or its affiliates, which consideration may include cash compensation or amendments to management agreements.
•Special Termination Rights. In addition to any performance-based or other termination rights set forth in our management and operating agreements, we have specific negotiated termination rights as to certain management and operating
agreements. While the brand affiliation of a property may increase the value of a hotel, the ability to dispose of a property unencumbered by a management agreement, or even brand affiliation, also can increase the value for prospective purchasers. These termination rights can take several different forms, including termination of agreements upon sale that leave the property unencumbered by any agreement; termination upon sale provided that the property continues to be operated under a license or franchise agreement with continued brand affiliation; as well as termination without sale or other condition, which may require the payment of a fee. These termination rights also may restrict the number of agreements that may be terminated over any annual or other period; impose limitations on the number of agreements terminated as measured by EBITDA; require that a certain number of properties continue to maintain the brand affiliation; or be restricted to a specific pool of assets.

In addition to hotels managed by brand owners, we have both branded hotels and non-branded hotels operated by independent managers. Our management agreements with independent managers, while similar in operational scope to agreements with our brand managers, typically have shorter initial terms, no renewal rights, more flexible termination rights, and more limited system-wide services. However, while we have additional flexibility regarding these operators, certain of those hotels remain subject to underlying franchise or licensing agreements. These franchise or licensing agreements allow us to engage independent managers to operate our hotels under the applicable brand names and to participate in the brands’ reservation and loyalty-rewards systems. Under these agreements, we pay the brand owners a franchise or licensing fee equal to a specified percentage of gross room revenues, as well as other system fees and reimbursements. In addition, we are obligated to maintain applicable brand standards at our franchised hotels.

Operating Structure

Host Inc. operates through an umbrella partnership structure in which substantially all its assets are held by Host L.P., of which Host Inc. is the sole general partner and holds approximately 99% of the OP units as of December 31, 2018. A REIT is a corporation that has elected to be treated as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and that meets certain ownership, organizational and operating requirements set forth under the Code. In general, through payments of dividends to stockholders, a REIT is permitted to reduce or eliminate federal income taxes at the corporate level. Each OP unit owned by holders other than Host Inc. is redeemable, at the option of the holder, for an amount of cash equal to the market value of one share of Host Inc. common stock multiplied by the current conversion factor of 1.021494. Host Inc. has the right to acquire any OP unit offered for redemption directly from the holder in exchange for 1.021494 shares of Host Inc. common stock instead of Host L.P. redeeming such OP unit for cash. Additionally, for every share of common stock issued by Host Inc., Host L.P. will issue .97895 OP units to Host Inc. in exchange for the consideration received from the issuance of the common stock. As of December 31, 2018, non-controlling limited partners held 7.5 million OP units, which were convertible into 7.6 million Host Inc. common shares. Assuming that all OP units held by non-controlling limited partners were converted into common shares, there would have been 748.1 million common shares of Host Inc. outstanding at December 31, 2018.

Our operating structure is as follows:

As a REIT, certain tax laws limit the amount of “non-qualifying” income that Host Inc. and Host L.P. can earn, including income derived directly from the operation of hotels. As a result, we lease substantially all our consolidated properties to certain of our subsidiaries designated as taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRS”) for federal income tax purposes. Our TRS are subject to income tax and are not limited as to the amount of non-qualifying income they can generate, but they are limited in terms of their value as a percentage of the total value of our assets. Our TRS enter into agreements with third parties to manage the operations of the hotels. Our TRS also may own assets engaging in activities that produce non-qualifying income, such as the development of timeshare or condominium units, subject to certain restrictions. The difference between the hotels’ net operating cash flow and the aggregate rents paid to Host L.P. is retained by our TRS as taxable income. Accordingly, the net effect of the TRS leases is that a portion of the net operating cash flow from our properties is subject to federal, state and, if applicable, foreign corporate income tax.

Our Consolidated Hotel Portfolio

As of February 21, 2019, we owned a portfolio of 93 hotel properties, of which 88 are in the United States and five are located in Brazil and Canada. Our consolidated hotels located outside the United States collectively have approximately 1,500 rooms. Approximately 2%, 2%, and 3% of our revenues were attributed to the operations of these foreign properties in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The lodging industry is viewed as consisting of six different categories, each of which caters to a discrete set of customer tastes and needs: luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy. Our portfolio primarily consists of luxury and upper upscale properties, which are operated under internationally recognized brand names such as Marriott, Westin, Ritz-Carlton, Hyatt and Hilton. There also has been a trend towards specialized, smaller boutique hotels that are customized towards a particular customer profile. Generally, these properties will be operated by an independent third party and either will have no brand affiliation, or will be associated with a major brand, while maintaining most of its independent identity (which we refer to as “soft-branded” properties).

Revenues earned at our hotels consist of three broad categories: rooms, food and beverage, and other revenues. While approximately 64% of our revenue is generated from room sales, many of our properties feature a variety of amenities that help drive demand and profitability. Our hotels typically include meeting and banquet facilities, a variety of restaurants and lounges, swimming pools, exercise facilities and/or spas, gift shops and parking facilities, the combination of which enable them to serve business, leisure and group travelers.

Our top 40 hotels by RevPAR represent approximately 63% of our total revenues. Additionally, 36 of our consolidated hotels have more than 500 rooms. The average age of our properties is 34 years, although substantially all of them have benefited from significant renovations or major additions, as well as regularly scheduled renewal and replacement expenditures and other capital improvements.

By Brand. The following table details our consolidated hotel portfolio by brand as of February 21, 2019:

NumberPercentage of
Brandof HotelsRoomsRevenues (1)
Marriott:
Marriott3722,39439.6%
Ritz-Carlton51,8936.4
Autograph Collection12770.4
JW Marriott41,9093.1
W27291.6
St. Regis12320.4
Luxury Collection21,1523.1
Westin126,14510.0
Sheraton44,4238.0
Residence Inn12990.3
Courtyard13370.3
Total Marriott7039,79073.2
Hyatt:
Andaz13011.1
Grand Hyatt43,6327.4
Hyatt Place14260.6
Hyatt Regency63,8757.9
Total Hyatt128,23417.0
Hilton:
Curio13911.0
Hilton12230.3
Embassy Suites14550.7
Total Hilton31,0692.0
AccorHotels:
Swissôtel16611.1
Fairmont14502.2
ibis12560.1
Novotel1149—
Total AccorHotels41,5163.4
Other/Independent41,1711.4
9351,78097%
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(1)Based on our 2018 revenues; sold hotels accounted for the remaining 3% of our revenues. No individual property contributed more than 6% of total revenues in 2018. Hotels that are not considered upper upscale or luxury constitute less than 2% of our revenues.

By Location. The following table details the location and number of rooms at our consolidated hotels as of February 21, 2019:

LocationRoomsLocationRooms
ArizonaHawaii (continued)
Scottsdale Marriott Suites Old Town243Hyatt Place Waikiki Beach426
Scottsdale Marriott at McDowell Mountains266Hyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa806
The Phoenician, A Luxury Collection Resort,Illinois
Scottsdale645Chicago Marriott Suites Downers Grove254
The Camby Hotel277Chicago Marriott Suites O’Hare256
The Westin Kierland Resort & Spa732Courtyard Chicago Downtown/River North337
CaliforniaEmbassy Suites by Hilton Chicago Downtown
Axiom Hotel, San Francisco152Magnificent Mile455
Coronado Island Marriott Resort & Spa (1)300Swissôtel Chicago661
Costa Mesa Marriott253The Westin Chicago River North429
Grand Hyatt San Francisco668Indiana
Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport789The Westin Indianapolis575
Manchester Grand Hyatt San Diego (1)1,628Louisiana
Marina del Rey Marriott (1)370New Orleans Marriott1,333
Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina (1)1,360Maryland
Newport Beach Marriott Hotel & Spa532Gaithersburg Marriott Washingtonian Center284
Newport Beach Marriott Bayview254Massachusetts
San Francisco Marriott Fisherman’s Wharf285Boston Marriott Copley Place (1)1,144
San Francisco Marriott Marquis (1)1,500Hyatt Regency Cambridge470
San Ramon Marriott (1)368Sheraton Boston Hotel1,220
Santa Clara Marriott (1)759The Westin Waltham Boston351
Sheraton San Diego Hotel & Marina (1)1,053Minnesota
The Ritz-Carlton, Marina del Rey (1)304Minneapolis Marriott City Center585
The Westin Los Angeles Airport (1)747New Jersey
The Westin Mission Hills Resort & Spa512Newark Liberty International Airport Marriott (1)591
The Westin South Coast Plaza, Costa Mesa (2)390Sheraton Parsippany Hotel370
W Hollywood (1)305New York
ColoradoNew York Marriott Downtown513
Denver Marriott Tech Center605New York Marriott Marquis1,966
Denver Marriott West (1)305Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel1,780
The Westin Denver Downtown430Ohio
FloridaThe Westin Cincinnati (1)456
1 Hotel South Beach, Miami Beach429Pennsylvania
Hilton Singer Island Oceanfront/Palm BeachesPhiladelphia Airport Marriott (1)419
Resort223The Logan, Philadelphia391
Hyatt Regency Coconut Point Resort & SpaTexas
Bonita Springs454Houston Airport Marriott at George Bush
Miami Marriott Biscayne Bay600Intercontinental (1) (3)573
Orlando World Center Marriott2,004Houston Marriott Medical Center (1)395
Tampa Airport Marriott (1)298JW Marriott Houston by the Galleria516
The Don CeSar, St Pete Beach347San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter (1)1,001
The Ritz-Carlton, Amelia Island446San Antonio Marriott Riverwalk512
The Ritz-Carlton, Naples450The St. Regis Houston232
The Ritz-Carlton Golf Resort, Naples295Virginia
YVE Hotel Miami243Hyatt Regency Reston518
GeorgiaResidence Inn Arlington Pentagon City299
Atlanta Marriott Suites Midtown (1)254The Ritz-Carlton, Tysons Corner (1)398
Grand Hyatt Atlanta in Buckhead439Washington Dulles Airport Marriott (1)368
JW Marriott Atlanta Buckhead371Westfields Marriott Washington Dulles336
The Westin Buckhead Atlanta365Washington
The Whitley, A Luxury Collection Hotel,The Westin Seattle891
Atlanta Buckhead507W Seattle424
HawaiiWashington, D.C.
Andaz Maui at Wailea Resort301Grand Hyatt Washington897
Fairmont Kea Lani, Maui450Hyatt Regency Washington on Capitol Hill838
Washington, D.C. (continued)Brazil (continued)
JW Marriott Washington, DC777JW Marriott Hotel Rio de Janeiro245
The Westin Georgetown, Washington D.C.267Novotel Rio de Janeiro Parque Olimpico149
Washington Marriott at Metro Center459Canada
BrazilCalgary Marriott Downtown388
ibis Rio de Janeiro Parque Olimpico256Toronto Marriott Downtown Eaton Centre Hotel (1)461
Total51,780
___________
(1)The land on which this hotel is built is leased from a third party under one or more lease agreements.
(2)The land, building and improvements are leased from a third party under a long-term lease agreement.
(3)This property is not wholly owned.

By Market Location: With our geographically diverse portfolio, no individual market represents more than 11% of total revenues. The following chart summarizes the composition of our consolidated hotels as of February 21, 2019 by market location based on percentage of 2018 revenues:

(1)Our disposed hotels accounted for the remaining 3% of our 2018 revenues.

Other Real Estate Interests

We own non-controlling interests in several entities that, as of February 21, 2019, owned, or owned an interest in, 10 hotel properties. The operations of the properties owned by these entities are not consolidated and are included in equity in earnings in our consolidated results of operations. See Part II Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 4. Investments in Affiliates.”

Competition

The lodging industry is highly competitive. Competition often is specific to individual markets and is based on several factors, including location, brand, guest facilities and amenities, level of service, room rates and the quality of accommodations. The lodging industry is viewed as consisting of six different categories, each of which caters to a discrete set of customer tastes and needs: luxury, upper upscale, upscale, upper midscale, midscale and economy. The classification of a property is based on lodging industry standards, which take into consideration many factors, such as guest facilities and amenities, level of service and quality of accommodations. Most of our hotels operate in urban and resort markets either as luxury properties under such brand names as Andaz®, Fairmont®, Grand Hyatt®, JW Marriott®, Ritz-Carlton®, St. Regis®, The Luxury Collection® and W®, or as upper upscale properties under such brand names as Embassy Suites®, Hilton®, Hyatt®, Marriott®, Marriott Marquis®, Autograph Collection®, Curio – A Collection by Hilton®, Marriott Suites®, Pullman®, Sheraton®, Swissôtel® and Westin®. (1) While our hotels compete primarily with other hotels in the luxury and upper upscale category, they also may compete with hotels in other lower-tier categories. A recent source of supply for the industry has been the rapid growth of online short-term rentals, including as a flexible option for apartment buildings. Our hotels also may compete with these short term rentals in certain markets. In addition, many management contracts for our hotels do not prohibit our managers from converting, franchising or developing other hotel properties in our markets. As a result, our hotels compete with other hotels that our managers may own, invest in, manage or franchise.

We also compete with other REITs and other public and private investors for the acquisition of new properties and investment opportunities, both in domestic and international markets, as we attempt to position our portfolio to best take advantage of changes in markets and travel patterns of our customers.

Seasonality

Our hotel sales traditionally have experienced moderate seasonality, which varies based on the individual property and the region. Hotel sales for our consolidated portfolio averaged approximately 24%, 27%, 24% and 25% for the first, second, third and fourth calendar quarters, respectively, in 2018.

Environmental and Regulatory Matters

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances. These laws may impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. In addition, certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for release of hazardous or toxic materials, and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with exposure to released hazardous or toxic materials. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the way property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require corrective or other expenditures. In connection with our current or prior ownership or operation of hotels, we potentially may be liable for various environmental costs or liabilities. Although currently we are not aware of any material environmental claims pending or threatened against us, we can offer no assurance that a material environmental claim will not be asserted against us in the future.

Employees

As of February 21, 2019, we had 184 employees, all of which work in the United States, including our regional offices in Miami and San Diego. None of Host’s employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. The employees at all of our U.S. and Canadian properties are employees of our third-party hotel managers, who are responsible for hiring and maintaining employees. The number of employees referenced above does not include the hotel employees of our three hotels in Brazil, which, while technically Host employees, are under the direct supervision and control of our third-party hotel managers. Although we do not manage employees at our consolidated hotels, we still are subject to many of the costs and risks generally associated with the hotel labor force,

(1) This annual report contains registered trademarks that are the exclusive property of their respective owners, which are companies other than us. None of the owners
of these trademarks, their affiliates or any of their respective officers, directors, agents or employees, has or will have any responsibility or liability for any
information contained in this annual report.

particularly those hotels with unionized labor. For a discussion of these relationships, see Part I Item 1A. “Risk Factors—We are subject to risks associated with the employment of hotel personnel, particularly with hotels that employ unionized labor.”

Employees at certain of our third-party managed hotels are covered by collective bargaining agreements that are subject to review and renewal on a regular basis. For a discussion of these relationships, see Part I Item 1A. “Risk Factors—We are subject to risks associated with the employment of hotel personnel, particularly with hotels that employ unionized labor.”

Where to Find Additional Information

The address of our principal executive office is 6903 Rockledge Drive, Suite 1500, Bethesda, Maryland, 20817. Our phone number is 240-744-1000. We maintain an internet website at: www.hosthotels.com. Through our website, we make available free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed electronically with, or furnished to, the SEC, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers at http://www.sec.gov.

Our website also is a key source of important information about us. We routinely post to the Investor Relations section of our website important information about our business, our operating results and our financial condition and prospects, including, for example, information about material acquisitions and dispositions, our earnings releases and certain supplemental financial information to our earnings releases. We also post to our website copies of investor presentations and we update those presentations periodically, which also contain important information about us. The website has a Governance page in the Our Company section that includes, among other things, copies of our Bylaws, our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and the charters for each standing committee of Host Inc.’s Board of Directors, which currently include the Audit Committee, the Compensation Policy Committee and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Copies of these charters and policies, Host Inc.’s Bylaws and Host L.P.’s partnership agreement also are available in print to stockholders and unitholders upon request to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., 6903 Rockledge Drive, Suite 1500, Bethesda, Maryland 20817, Attn: Secretary. Please note that the information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference in, or considered to be a part of, any document, unless expressly incorporated by reference therein.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

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For an enterprise as large and complex as we are, a wide range of factors could materially affect future results and performance. The statements in this section describe the major risks to our business and should be considered carefully. In addition, these statements constitute our cautionary statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

Financial Risks and Risks of Operation

Our revenues and the value of our properties are subject to conditions affecting the lodging industry.

The performance of the lodging industry traditionally has been affected by the strength of the general economy and, specifically, growth in gross domestic product (“GDP”). Because lodging industry demand typically follows the general economy, the lodging industry is highly cyclical, which contributes to potentially large fluctuations in our financial condition and our results of operations. Changes in travel patterns of both business and leisure travelers, particularly during periods of economic contraction or low levels of economic growth, may create difficulties for the industry over the long-term and adversely affect our results of operations.

In addition, the majority of our hotels are classified as luxury or upper upscale and generally target business and high-end leisure travelers. In periods of economic difficulties, business and leisure travelers may seek to reduce travel costs by limiting travel or seeking to reduce the cost of their trips. Consequently, our hotels may be more susceptible to a decrease in revenue during an economic downturn, as compared to hotels in other categories that have lower room rates. For instance, reductions in overall travel and reductions in travel to luxury and upper upscale hotels during the recession in 2008 and 2009 significantly affected our results of operations.

Other circumstances affecting the lodging industry which may affect our performance and the forecasts we make include:

•the effect on lodging demand of changes in national and local economic and business conditions, including concerns about the duration and strength of U.S. economic growth, global economic prospects, consumer confidence and the value of the U.S. dollar;
•factors that may shape public perception of travel to a location, such as natural disasters, weather events, pandemics and outbreaks of contagious diseases such as the Zika virus, and the occurrence or potential occurrence of terrorist attacks, all of which will affect occupancy rates at our hotels and the demand for hotel products and services;
•risks that U.S. immigration policies will suppress international travel to the United States generally or decrease the labor pool;
•the impact of geopolitical developments outside the U.S., such as the pace of economic growth in Europe, the effects of the United Kingdom’s referendum to withdraw from the European Union, trade tensions and tariffs between the United States and its trading partners such as China, or conflicts in the Middle East, which could affect global travel and lodging demand within the United States;
•volatility in global financial and credit markets, and the impact of budget deficits and pending and future U.S. governmental action to address such deficits through reductions in spending and similar austerity measures, as well as the impact of U.S. government shutdowns, which could materially adversely affect U.S. and global economic conditions, business activity, credit availability, borrowing costs, and lodging demand;
•operating risks associated with the hotel business, including the effect of increasing operating or labor costs or changes in workplace rules that affect labor costs;
•the ability of our hotels to compete effectively against other lodging businesses in the highly competitive markets in which we operate in areas such as access, location, quality of accommodations and room rate structures;
•changes in the desirability of the geographic regions of the hotels in our portfolio or in the travel patterns of hotel customers;
•changes in taxes and governmental regulations that influence or set wages, hotel employee health care costs, prices, interest rates or construction and maintenance procedures and costs;
•the ability of third-party internet and other travel intermediaries to attract and retain customers; and
•decreases in the frequency of business travel that may result from alternatives to in-person meetings, including virtual meetings hosted online or over private teleconferencing networks.

We cannot assure you that adverse changes in the general economy or other circumstances that affect the lodging industry will not have an adverse effect on the hotel revenue or earnings at our properties. A reduction in our revenue or earnings because of the above risks may reduce our working capital and revenue, impact our long-term business strategy and impact the value of our assets and our ability to meet certain covenants in our existing debt agreements. In addition, we may incur impairment charges in the future, which charges will affect negatively our results of operations. We can provide no assurance that any impairment loss recognized will not be material to our results of operations.

In addition to general economic conditions affecting the lodging industry, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the lodging industry’s performance and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic downturn. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. A reduction or slowdown in the growth of lodging demand or increased growth in lodging supply could result in returns that are substantially below expectations or result in losses which could materially and adversely affect our revenues and profitability as well as limit or slow our future growth.

We depend on external sources of capital for future growth; therefore, any disruption to our ability to access capital at times, and on terms reasonably acceptable to us, may affect adversely our business and results of operations.

Since we have elected REIT status, Host Inc. must finance its growth and fund debt repayments largely with external sources of capital because it is required to distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its taxable income (other than net capital gain) each year in order to qualify as a REIT, including taxable income recognized for federal income tax purposes but with regard to which it does not receive cash. Funds used by Host Inc. to make required distributions are provided by distributions from Host L.P. Our ability to access external capital could be hampered by several factors, many of which are outside of our control, including:

•price volatility, dislocations and liquidity disruptions in the U.S. and global equity and credit markets;
•changes in market perception of our growth potential, including rating agency downgrades by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services or Fitch Ratings;
•decreases in our current or estimated future earnings;
•decreases or fluctuations in the market price of the common stock of Host Inc.;
•increases in interest rates; and
•the terms of our existing indebtedness which, under certain circumstances, restrict our incurrence of additional debt.

The occurrence of any of these factors, individually or in combination, could prevent us from being able

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Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

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We have received no written comments regarding our periodic or current reports from the staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that remain unresolved.

Item 2. Properties

| --- | --- |

See Part 1 Item 1. “Business—Our Consolidated Hotel Portfolio” above for a discussion of our hotels.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

| --- | --- |

We are involved in various legal proceedings in the ordinary course of business including, but not limited to, disputes involving hotel-level contracts, employment litigation, compliance with laws such as the Americans with Disabilities Act, tax disputes and other general matters. We are vigorously defending these claims; however, no assurances can be given as to the outcome of any pending legal proceedings. We believe, based on currently available information, that the results of such proceedings, in the aggregate, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, but might be material to our operating results for any period, depending, in part, upon the operating results for such period. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

| --- | --- |

None.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

In the following table we set forth certain information regarding those persons currently serving as executive officers of Host Inc. as of February 21, 2019. As a partnership, Host L.P. does not have executive officers.

Name and TitleAgeBusiness Experience Prior to Becoming an Executive Officer of Host Inc.
Richard E. Marriott Chairman of the Board80Richard E. Marriott joined our company in 1965 and has served in various executive capacities. In 1979, Mr. Marriott was elected to the Board of Directors. In 1984, he was elected Executive Vice President and in 1986, he was elected Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors. In 1993, Mr. Marriott was elected Chairman of the Board.
James F. Risoleo President, Chief Executive Officer and Director63James F. Risoleo joined our company in 1996 as Senior Vice President for Acquisitions. He has served in various capacities with the company including Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, Managing Director of the company's European and West Coast investment activities and culminating in his service as President and Chief Executive Officer beginning in January 2017.
Elizabeth A. Abdoo Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary60Elizabeth A. Abdoo joined our company in June 2001 as Senior Vice President and General Counsel and became Executive Vice President in February 2003. She was elected Secretary in August 2001.
Michael D. Bluhm Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer50Michael D. Bluhm joined our company as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in November 2017. Prior to joining our company, he was a managing director in investment banking at Morgan Stanley and most recently served as head of western region real estate and global head of lodging.
Joanne G. Hamilton Executive Vice President, Human Resources61Joanne G. Hamilton joined our company as Executive Vice President, Human Resources in January 2010. Prior to joining our company, she was the Chief Human Resource Officer for Beers & Cutler, an accounting and consulting firm based in Vienna, Virginia from 2007 to 2010.
Nathan S. Tyrrell Executive Vice President, Chief Investment Officer46Nathan S. Tyrrell joined our finance department in 2005. He became Treasurer in February 2010. In 2015, he was named Managing Director of investment activities for the East Coast and in 2017 he was named Executive Vice President, Chief Investment Officer.
Michael E. Lentz Executive Vice President Development, Design & Construction55Michael E. Lentz joined our company in March 2016 as Managing Director, Global Development, Design and Construction. In February 2019 he was promoted to Executive Vice President, Development, Design and Construction. Prior to joining us, Mr. Lentz was Senior Vice President of Global Development for Las Vegas Sands Corp. from 2011 to 2016 and before that was with Walt Disney Imagineering for 20 years, culminating in his service as Vice President of Project Development.
Brian G. Macnamara Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller59Brian G. Macnamara joined our company in February 1996, was promoted to Vice President, Assistant Corporate Controller in February 2007, and was elected Senior Vice President, Corporate Controller in September 2007.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Stock, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Host Inc.

| --- | --- |

Host Inc.’s common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the symbol “HST.”

As of February 19, 2019, there were 18,359 holders of record of Host Inc.’s common stock. However, because many of the shares of our common stock are held by brokers and other institutions on behalf of stockholders, we believe that there are considerably more beneficial holders of our common stock than record holders. As of February 19, 2019, there were 1,239 holders of OP units (in addition to Host Inc.). OP units are redeemable for cash, or, at our election, for Host Inc.’s common stock.

Stockholder Return Performance

The following graph compares the five-year cumulative total stockholder return on Host Inc.’s common stock against the cumulative total returns of the Standard & Poor’s Corporation Composite 500 Index, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trust (“NAREIT”) Equity Index and the NAREIT Lodging Index. The graph assumes an initial investment of $100 in Host Inc.’s common stock and in each of the indexes, and also assumes the reinvestment of dividends.

Comparison of Five-Year Cumulative Stockholder Returns 2013 – 2018

201320142015201620172018
Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.$100.00$126.21$85.19$110.22$121.18$106.45
NAREIT Equity Index (1)$100.00$128.03$131.64$143.00$155.41$149.12
S&P 500 Index$100.00$113.70$115.28$129.06$157.24$150.34
NAREIT Lodging Index (1)$100.00$132.50$100.14$124.52$133.45$116.34
(1)Beginning in 2019, the NAREIT Lodging Index will be used by our Compensation Policy Committee instead of the NAREIT Equity Index to determine a portion of our executive compensation that is based on our total stockholder return performance relative to the index. Due to this change, we intend to use the NAREIT Lodging Index as the comparative index going forward and discontinue the use of the NAREIT Equity Index.

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or incorporated by reference into any filing of Host Inc. or Host L.P. (or any of their respective subsidiaries) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as shall be expressly set forth by specific reference in such filing.

Fourth Quarter 2018 Host Inc. Purchases of Equity Securities

On February 22, 2017, Host Inc. announced a program to repurchase up to $500 million of common stock. The common stock may be purchased from time to time depending upon market conditions, and repurchases may be made in the open market or through private transactions or by other means, including principal transactions with various financial institutions, like accelerated share

repurchases, forwards, options and similar transactions, and through one or more trading plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 under the Securities Act of 1934, as amended. The program does not obligate us to repurchase any specific number of shares or any specific dollar amount and may be suspended at any time at our discretion. No repurchases were made in 2017 or 2018.

PeriodTotal Number of Host Inc. Common Shares PurchasedAverage Price Paid per Common ShareTotal Number of Common Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Common Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
October 1, 2018 – October 31, 2018———$$500
November 1, 2018 – November 30, 2018———$500
December 1, 2018 – December 31, 2018———$500
Total———

Fourth Quarter 2018 Host Inc. Sales of Unregistered Securities

Set forth in the table below is information relating to shares of Host Inc. common stock issued in exchange for OP units redeemed by the holders. All the shares were issued pursuant to the private placement exemption provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. The number of shares issued was based on the current conversion factor of 1.021494 common shares per OP unit.

Date of IssuanceHost L.P. OP units redeemedHost Inc. Common Shares Issued
Cristo Rey St. Martin College PrepOctober 10, 201850,55051,636
Vanguard Charitable Endowment ProgramOctober 17, 2018147,270150,435
Northwestern Memorial HealthcareOctober 24, 201887,32089,196
Loyola University of ChicagoNovember 19, 201897,00099,084
Tsinghua Education Foundation NADecember 17, 201818,38018,775
Loyola University of ChicagoDecember 27, 20184,1104,198

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Units, Related Unitholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities for Host L.P. | --- | --- |

There is no established public trading market for our OP units and transfers of OP units are restricted by the terms of Host L.P.’s partnership agreement. The number of holders of record of Host L.P.’s common OP units on February 19, 2019 was 1,239. The number of outstanding common OP units as of February 19, 2019 was 732,359,445 of which 724,900,679 were owned by Host Inc.

Fourth Quarter 2018 Host L.P. Purchases of Equity Securities

PeriodTotal Number of OP Units PurchasedAverage Price Paid Per UnitTotal Number of OP Units Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or ProgramsMaximum number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Units that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in millions)
October 1, 2018 — October 31, 2018285,5191.021494 shares of Host Inc. Common Stock——
November 1, 2018 — November 30, 2018107,9811.021494 shares of Host Inc. Common Stock——
December 1, 2018 — December 31, 201822,4901.021494 shares of Host Inc. Common Stock——
Total415,990——
*Reflects common OP units redeemed by holders in exchange for shares of Host Inc.’s common stock.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.) | --- | --- |

The following table presents certain selected historical financial data which has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. for the five years ended December 31, 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and Part II Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”:

Calendar year
20182017201620152014
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Income Statement Data:
Revenues$5,524$5,3875,430$5,350$5,321
Net income1,151571771565741
Net income attributable to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.1,087564762558732
Earnings per common share:
Basic earnings per common share1.47.761.03.74.97
Diluted earnings per common share1.47.761.02.74.96
Dividends declared per common share.85.85.85.80.75
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets$12,090$11,693$11,408$11,656$12,043
Debt3,8373,9543,6493,8673,807

Item 6. Selected Financial Data (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)

| --- | --- |

The following table presents certain selected historical financial data which has been derived from audited consolidated financial statements of Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. for the five years ended December 31, 2018 and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes and Part II Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”:

Calendar year
20182017201620152014
(in millions, except per unit amounts)
Income Statement Data:
Revenues$5,524$5,387$5,430$5,350$5,321
Net income1,151571771565741
Net income attributable to Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.1,099571771565741
Earnings per common unit:
Basic earnings per common unit1.50.781.05.76.99
Diluted earnings per common unit1.50.781.05.76.99
Distributions declared per common unit.868.868.868.817.766
Balance Sheet Data:
Total assets$12,090$11,693$11,408$11,656$12,043
Debt3,8373,9543,6493,8673,807

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

| --- | --- |

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this report.

Overview

Host Inc. operates as a self-managed and self-administered REIT that owns properties and conducts operations through Host L.P., of which Host Inc. is the sole general partner and of which it holds approximately 99% of its common OP units as of December 31, 2018. The remainder of Host L.P.’s common OP units are owned by various unaffiliated limited partners. Host Inc. has the exclusive and complete responsibility for Host L.P.’s day-to-day management and control.

Host Inc. is the largest lodging REIT in NAREIT’s composite index and one of the largest owners of luxury and upper upscale hotel properties. As of February 21, 2019, we own 93 hotels in the United States and internationally and have minority ownership interests in an additional 10 hotels through joint ventures in the United States and the Asia/Pacific region. These hotels are operated primarily under brand names that are among the most respected and widely recognized in the lodging industry. Most of our hotels are located in central business districts of major cities, near airports and in resort/conference destinations.

Our customers fall into three broad groups: transient business, group business and contract business, which accounted for approximately 58%, 36%, and 6%, respectively, of our 2018 room sales. Transient business broadly represents individual business or leisure travelers. Business travelers make up the majority of transient demand at our hotels. Therefore, we will be significantly more affected by trends in business travel than trends in leisure demand. For a discussion of our customer categories, see “ – Our Customers”.

Understanding Our Performance

Our Revenues and Expenses. Our hotels are operated by third-party managers under long-term agreements, pursuant to which they typically earn base and incentive management fees based on the levels of revenues and profitability of each individual hotel. We provide operating funds, or working capital, which the managers use to purchase inventory and to pay wages, utilities, property taxes and other hotel-level expenses. We generally receive a cash distribution from our hotel managers each month, which distribution reflects hotel-level sales less property-level operating expenses (excluding depreciation).

Operations from our domestic portfolio account for approximately 98% of our total revenues and 2% relate to our international hotels. The following table presents the components of our hotel revenue as a percentage of our total revenue:

% of 2018 Revenues
•Rooms revenue. Occupancy and average daily room rate are the major drivers of rooms revenue. The business mix of the hotel (group versus transient and retail versus discount business) is a significant driver of room rates.64%
•Food and beverage revenue. Food & beverage revenue consists of revenue from group functions, which may include banquet revenue and audio and visual revenue, as well as outlet revenue from the restaurants and lounges at our properties.29%
•Other revenue. Occupancy, the nature of the property (e.g., resort, etc.) and its price point are the main drivers of other ancillary revenue, such as attrition and cancellation fees, parking, golf course, spa, entertainment and other guest services. This category also includes other rental revenue.7%

Hotel operating expenses represent approximately 98% of our total operating costs and expenses. The following table presents the components of our hotel operating expenses as a percentage of our total operating costs and expenses:

% of 2018 Operating Costs and Expenses
•Rooms expense. These costs include housekeeping, reservation systems, room supplies, laundry services and front desk costs. Occupancy is the major driver of rooms expense. These costs can increase based on increases in salaries and wages, as well as on the level of service and amenities that are provided.18%
•Food and beverage expense. These expenses primarily include food, beverage and the associated labor costs and will correlate closely with food and beverage revenue. Group functions with banquet sales and audio and visual components generally will have lower overall costs as a percentage of revenues than outlet sales.22%
•Other departmental and support expenses. These expenses include labor and other costs associated with other ancillary revenue, such as parking, golf courses, spas, entertainment and other guest services, as well as labor and other costs associated with administrative departments, sales and marketing, repairs and minor maintenance and utility costs.26%
•Management fees. Base management fees are computed as a percentage of gross revenue. Incentive management fees generally are paid when operating profits exceed certain thresholds.5%
•Other property-level expenses. These expenses consist primarily of real and personal property taxes, ground rent, equipment rent and property insurance. Many of these expenses are relatively inflexible and do not necessarily change based on changes in revenues at our hotels.8%
•Depreciation and amortization expense. This is a non-cash expense that changes primarily based on the acquisition and disposition of hotels and the amounts of historical capital expenditures.19%

The expense components listed above are based on those presented in our consolidated statements of operations. It also is worth noting that wage and benefit costs are spread among various line items. Taken separately, these costs represent approximately 57% of our rooms, food and beverage, and other departmental and support expenses.

Key Performance Indicators. The following key performance indicators are commonly used in the hospitality industry:

•hotel occupancy is a volume indicator based on the percentage of available room nights that are sold;
•average daily rate (“ADR”) is a price indicator calculated by dividing rooms revenue by the number of rooms sold;
•revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) is used to evaluate hotel operations. RevPAR is defined as the product of the average daily room rate charged and the average daily occupancy achieved. RevPAR does not include food and beverage, parking, or other guest service revenues generated by the hotel. Although RevPAR does not include these ancillary revenues, it is considered a key indicator of core revenues for many hotels; and
•total revenue per available room (“Total RevPAR”) is a summary measure of hotel results calculated by dividing the sum of rooms, food and beverage and other ancillary service revenue by room nights available to guests for the period. It includes ancillary revenues that are not included in the calculation of RevPAR.

RevPAR changes that are driven by occupancy have different implications on overall revenue levels, as well as incremental operating profit, than do changes that are driven by average room rate. For example, increases in occupancy at a hotel will lead to increases in rooms revenues and ancillary revenues, such as food and beverage revenue, as well as additional incremental costs (including housekeeping services, utilities and room amenity costs). RevPAR increases due to higher room rates, however, will not result in additional room-related costs, except those charged as a percentage of revenue. As a result, changes in RevPAR driven by

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

All information in this section applies to Host Inc. and Host L.P.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Our future income, cash flows and fair values with respect to financial instruments are dependent upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We have no derivative financial instruments that are held for trading purposes. We use derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks.

The interest payments on 73% of our debt are fixed in nature. Valuations for mortgage debt and the credit facility are determined based on expected future payments, discounted at risk-adjusted rates. The senior notes are valued based on quoted market prices. If market rates of interest on our variable rate debt increase or decrease by 100 basis points, interest expense would increase or decrease, respectively, our earnings and cash flows by approximately $10 million in 2019. The table below presents scheduled maturities and related weighted average interest rates by expected maturity dates (in millions, except percentages):

Expected Maturity Date
Fair
20192020202120222023ThereafterTotalValue
Liabilities
Debt:
Fixed rate (1)$(4)$(4)$296$347$848$1,305$2,788$2,814
Average interest rate4.56%4.56%4.52%4.28%4.16%4.29%
Variable rate (1)$(3)$498$554$—$—$—$1,049$1,055
Average interest rate (2)3.60%3.60%3.59%—%—%—%
Total debt$3,837$3,869
___________
(1)The amounts are net of unamortized discounts and deferred financing costs; therefore, negative amounts prior to maturity represent the amortization of original issue discounts and deferred financing costs.
(2)The interest rate for our floating rate payments is based on the rate in effect as of December 31, 2018. No adjustments are made for forecast changes in the rate.

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

We have currency exchange risk because of our hotel ownership in Brazil and Canada and our minority investment in a joint venture in India. We may utilize several strategies to mitigate the exposure of currency exchange risk for our portfolio, including (i) utilizing local currency denominated debt (including foreign currency draws on our credit facility), (ii) entering into forward or option foreign currency purchase contracts, and (iii) investing through partnership and joint venture structures. For 2018 and 2017, revenues from our consolidated foreign operations were $107 million and $127 million, respectively, or approximately 2% of our total revenues in both years. Over the past few years, we have strategically exited international markets, including the disposition of one hotel in Mexico in 2018, one hotel in Australia in 2017 and six international properties in 2016. Additionally, in 2018, we sold our approximate 33% interest in the European joint venture. As a result, our prospective foreign currency exchange risk will have a minimal impact on our results of operations.

The foreign currency exchange agreements into which we have entered strictly are to hedge foreign currency risk and are not for trading purposes. As of December 31, 2018, we had two foreign currency forward sale contracts in the aggregate notional amount of $36 million that hedge a portion of the foreign currency exposure resulting from the eventual repatriation of our foreign operations. These derivatives are considered hedges of the foreign currency exposure of a net investment in a foreign operation. The contracts are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant other observable inputs. As of December 31, 2018, the fair value of these contracts was not material. These contracts are marked-to-market with changes in fair value recorded to other comprehensive income (loss). The foreign currency forward sale contracts are valued based on the forward yield curve of the foreign currency to U.S. dollar forward exchange rate on the date of measurement. Pursuant to these contracts, we will sell the foreign currency amount, as applicable, and receive the U.S. dollar amount on the forward sale date. We also evaluate counterparty credit risk when we calculate the fair value of the derivatives. Subsequent to year-end, one of the contracts with a notional amount of $18 million was terminated. The fair value at the date of termination was not material.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

The following financial information is included on the pages indicated:

Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. & Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.

Page
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.)70
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)72
Financial Statements of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 201773
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201674
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201675
Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201676
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201677
Financial Statements of Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.:
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 201779
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201680
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201681
Consolidated Statements of Capital for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201682
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 201683
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)85

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.:

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 25, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ KPMG LLP

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

McLean, Virginia February 25, 2019

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.:

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and subsidiaries' (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and financial statement schedule III (collectively, the “consolidated financial statements”), and our report dated February 25, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting p

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

| --- | --- |

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

| --- | --- |

Controls and Procedures (Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.)

Disclosure Controls and Procedure

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Host Inc. With the participation of Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has issued an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting of Host Inc., which appears in Item 8.

Controls and Procedures (Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.)

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(b) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is (1) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms and (2) accumulated and communicated to our management, including Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for Host L.P. With the participation of Host Inc.’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the Internal Control–Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2018. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of Host L.P.’s independent registered public accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by Host L.P.’s registered public accounting firm pursuant to rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to “non-accelerated filers.”

Item 9B. Other Information

| --- | --- |

None.

PART III

Certain information called for by Items 10-14 is incorporated by reference from Host Inc.’s 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders Notice and Proxy Statement (to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A not later than 120 days after the close of our fiscal year).

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

| --- | --- |

The information required by this item with respect to directors is incorporated by reference to the section of Host Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders entitled “Proposal One: Election of Directors.” See Part I “Executive Officers of the Registrant” of this Annual Report for information regarding executive officers.

The information required by this item with respect to Audit Committee and Audit Committee Financial Experts is incorporated by reference to the section of Host Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders entitled “Corporate Governance and Board Matters.” There have been no material changes to the procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to the Board of Directors since our last annual report.

We have adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to all directors and employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Corporate Controller and other employees who perform financial or accounting functions. The Code is available at the Governance section of our website at www.hosthotels.com. A copy of the Code is available in print, free of charge, to stockholders and unitholders upon request to the company at the address set forth in Item 1 of this Annual Report under the section “Business—Where to Find Additional Information.” We intend to satisfy the disclosure requirements under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, regarding an amendment to or waiver from a provision of our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by posting such information on our web site.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

| --- | --- |

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections of Host Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders entitled: “Compensation Discussion and Analysis,” “Executive Officer Compensation,” “Director Compensation,” “Corporate Governance and Board Matters—Compensation Policy Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” and “Report of the Compensation Policy Committee on Executive Compensation.”

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder and Unitholder Matters

| --- | --- |

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections of Host Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders entitled: “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Executive Officer Compensation—Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.”

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

| --- | --- |

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the sections of Host Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders entitled: “Certain Relationships and Related Person Transactions” and “Corporate Governance and Board Matters—Independence of Directors.”

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

| --- | --- |

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the section of Host Inc.’s definitive Proxy Statement for its 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders entitled “Proposal Two-Ratification of Appointment of Independent Registered Public Accountants – Principal Accountant Fees and Services.”

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

| --- | --- |

(a)LIST OF DOCUMENTS FILED AS PART OF THIS REPORT

(i)FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

All financial statements of the registrants are set forth under Item 8 of this Report on Form 10-K.

(ii)FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

The following financial information is filed herewith on the pages indicated.

Financial Schedules:

Page
III.Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation.S-1 to S-4

All other schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

(b) EXHIBITS

In reviewing the agreements included as exhibits to this report, please remember they are included to provide you with information regarding their terms and are not intended to provide any other factual or disclosure information about the company, its subsidiaries or other parties to the agreements. The agreements contain representations and warranties by each of the parties to the applicable agreement. These representations and warranties have been made solely for the benefit of the other parties to the applicable agreement and:

•should not in all instances be treated as categorical statements of fact, but rather as a way of allocating the risk to one of the parties if those statements prove to be inaccurate;
•have been qualified by disclosures that were made to the other party in connection with the negotiation of the applicable agreement, which disclosures are not necessarily reflected in the agreement;
•may apply standards of materiality in a way that is different from what may be viewed as material to you or other investors; and
•were made only as of the date of the applicable agreement or such other date or dates as may be specified in the agreement and are subject to more recent developments.

Accordingly, these representations and warranties may not describe the actual state of affairs as of the date they were made or at any other time.

Exhibit No.Description
3.Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
3.1Composite Charter of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., dated July 18, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. Registration Statement on Form S-8 (SEC File No. 333-212569) filed on July 18, 2016).
3.1AThird Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed on March 1, 2007).
3.2Amended and Restated Bylaws of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., effective November 21, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.’s and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2017, filed on May 2, 2017).
4.Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders
4.1See Exhibit 3.1 and 3.2 for provisions of the Articles and Bylaws of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. defining the rights of security holders. See Exhibit 3.1A for provisions of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. defining the rights of security holders.
4.2Form of Common Stock Certificate (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.7 to Host Marriott Corporation’s Amendment No. 4 to its Registration Statement on Form S-4 (SEC File No. 333-55807) filed on October 2, 1998).
4.3Amended and Restated Indenture dated as of August 5, 1998, by and among HMH Properties, Inc., as Issuer, and the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein, and Marine Midland Bank, as Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of Host Marriott Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 6, 1998) (SEC File No. 001-05664).
4.4Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 14, 1998, by and among HMH Properties Inc., Host Marriott, L.P., the entities identified therein as New Subsidiary Guarantors and Marine Midland Bank, as Trustee, to the Amended and Restated Indenture, dated as of August 5, 1998, among the Company, the Guarantors named therein, Subsidiary Guarantors named therein and the Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 of Host Marriott, L.P.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Commission on December 31, 1998) (SEC File No. 333-55807).
4.5Forty-First Supplemental Indenture, dated November 18, 2011, by and among Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P., the Subsidiary Guarantors named therein and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Amended and Restated Indenture dated August 5, 1998, including form of debenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the combined Current Report on Form 8-K of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., and Host Hotels & Resorts L.P., filed on November 18, 2011).
4.6Forty-Second Supplemental Indenture, dated March 22, 2012, by and among Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Amended and Restated Indenture dated August 5, 1998, including form of debenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the combined Current Report on Form 8-K of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., and Host Hotels & Resorts L.P., filed on March 23, 2012).
4.7Forty-Third Supplemental Indenture, dated August 9, 2012, by and among Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Amended and Restated Indenture dated August 5, 1998, including form of debenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the combined Current Report on Form 8-K of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., and Host Hotels & Resorts L.P., filed on August 9, 2012).
4.8Forty-Fourth Supplemental Indenture, dated March 28, 2013, by and among Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Amended and Restated Indenture dated August 5, 1998, including form of debenture (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the combined Current Report on Form 8-K of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., and Host Hotels & Resorts L.P., filed on March 28, 2013).
4.9Indenture, dated May 15, 2015, by and between Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 18, 2015).
4.10First Supplemental Indenture, dated May 15, 2015, by and between Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Indenture dated May 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels &Resorts, L.P. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 18, 2015).
4.11Second Supplemental Indenture, dated October 14, 2015, by and between Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Indenture dated May 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 14, 2015).
Exhibit No.Description
4.12Third Supplemental Indenture, dated March 20, 2017, by and between Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee, to the Indenture dated May 15, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 20, 2017).
10.Material Contracts
10.1Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan as amended and restated effective January 1, 2014 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 25, 2014).
10.2Trust Agreement between Wilmington Trust Company and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P., dated June 1, 2006, relating to the Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2013, filed on February 25, 2014).
10.3Host Marriott Corporation and Host Marriott, L.P. 1997 Comprehensive Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, as amended and restated December 29, 1998, as amended January 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Host Marriott Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003, filed March 2, 2004).
10.4Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.’s Severance Plan for Executives, as amended and restated, effective as of December 31, 2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed on February 22, 2016).
10.5Indemnification Agreement for officers and directors of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 21, 2017).
10.6Host Hotels & Resorts 2009 Comprehensive Stock and Cash Incentive Plan, effective as of March 12, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Appendix A to the Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed with the Commission on March 31, 2009).
10.7Reserved
10.8Form of Restricted Unit Agreement for use under the Host Hotels & Resorts 2009 Comprehensive Stock and Cash Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, filed on February 27, 2018).
10.9Form of 2017 Restricted Unit Agreement for use under the Host Hotels & Resorts 2009 Comprehensive Stock and Cash Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 24, 2017).
10.10Form of Option Agreement for use under the Host Hotels & Resorts 2009 Comprehensive Stock and Cash Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.34 of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed July 28, 2009).
10.11Distribution Agreement, dated May 25, 2018, among Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, BNY Mellon Capital Markets, LLC, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed May 25, 2018).
10.12*Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. Non-Employee Directors’ Deferred Stock Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective as of December 15, 2009, as further amended through December 14, 2018.
10.13Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 31, 2017, among Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P., Bank of America, N.A., as administrative agent, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as syndication agent, Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., PNC Bank, National Association, U.S. Bank National Association, SunTrust Bank, Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation, TD Bank, N.A., The Bank of Nova Scotia, Bank of New York Mellon, Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank and Goldman Sachs Bank USA as documentation agents, and various other agents and lenders (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 5, 2017).
21.Subsidiaries
Exhibit No.Description
21.1*List of Subsidiaries of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.
21.2*List of Subsidiaries of Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.
23.Consents
23*Consent of KPMG LLP
31.Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certifications
31.1*Certification of Chief Executive Officer for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*Certification of Chief Financial Officer for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.3*Certification of Chief Executive Officer for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.4*Certification of Chief Financial Officer for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.Section 1350 Certifications
32.1*Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†
32.2*Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as created by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†
99.Additional Exhibit
99.1*Ground Lease Summary
101.INSXBRL Instance Document.Submitted electronically with this report.
101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.Submitted electronically with this report.
101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.Submitted electronically with this report.
101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.Submitted electronically with this report.
101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.Submitted electronically with this report.
101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.Submitted electronically with this report.

Attached as Exhibit 101 to this report are the following documents formatted in XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.; (ii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.; (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.; (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.; (v) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc.; (vi) the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.; (vii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.; (viii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.; (ix) the Consolidated Statements of Capital for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.; (x) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for Host Hotels & Resorts, L.P.; and (xi) Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements that have been detail tagged.

*Filed herewith.
†This certificate is being furnished solely to accompany the report pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350 and is not being filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of the Company, whether made before or after the date hereof, regardless of any general incorporation language in such filing.

Item 16. Form 10‑K Summary

| --- | --- |

None.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC.
Date: February 25, 2019By:/s/ MICHAEL D. BLUHM
Michael D. Bluhm Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SignaturesTitleDate
/s/ RICHARD E. MARRIOTTChairman of the Board of DirectorsFebruary 25, 2019
Richard E. Marriott
/s/ JAMES F. RISOLEOPresident, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)February 25, 2019
James F. Risoleo
/s/ MICHAEL D. BLUHMExecutive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)February 25, 2019
Michael D. Bluhm
/s/ BRIAN G. MACNAMARASenior Vice President, Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)February 25, 2019
Brian G. Macnamara
/s/ MARY L. BAGLIVODirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Mary L. Baglivo
/s/ SHEILA C. BAIRDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Sheila C. Bair
/s/ ANN MCLAUGHLIN KOROLOGOSDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Ann McLaughlin Korologos
/s/ SANDEEP L. MATHRANIDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Sandeep L. Mathrani
/s/ JOHN B. MORSE, JR.DirectorFebruary 25, 2019
John B. Morse, Jr.
/s/ Mary Hogan PreusseDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Mary Hogan Preusse
/s/ WALTER C. RAKOWICHDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Walter C. Rakowich
/s/ GORDON H. SMITHDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Gordon H. Smith
/s/ A. WILLIAM STEINDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
A. William Stein

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, LP
Date: February 25, 2019By:HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC., its general partner
By:/s/ MICHAEL D. BLUHM
Michael D. Bluhm Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following officers and directors of Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., the general partner of the registrant, and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

SignaturesTitleDate
/s/ RICHARD E. MARRIOTTChairman of the Board of DirectorsFebruary 25, 2019
Richard E. Marriott
/s/ JAMES F. RISOLEOPresident, Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)February 25, 2019
James F. Risoleo
/s/ MICHAEL D. BLUHMExecutive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)February 25, 2019
Michael D. Bluhm
/s/ BRIAN G. MACNAMARASenior Vice President, Corporate Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)February 25, 2019
Brian G. Macnamara
/s/ MARY L. BAGLIVODirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Mary L. Baglivo
/s/ SHEILA C. BAIRDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Sheila C. Bair
/s/ ANN MCLAUGHLIN KOROLOGOSDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Ann McLaughlin Korologos
/s/ SANDEEP L. MATHRANIDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Sandeep L. Mathrani
/s/ JOHN B. MORSE, JR.DirectorFebruary 25, 2019
John B. Morse, Jr.
/s/ Mary Hogan PreusseDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Mary Hogan Preusse
/s/ WALTER C. RAKOWICHDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Walter C. Rakowich
/s/ GORDON H. SMITHDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
Gordon H. Smith
/s/ A. WILLIAM STEINDirectorFebruary 25, 2019
A. William Stein

SCHEDULE III

Page 1 of 4

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC., HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, L.P., AND SUBSIDIARIES

REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

December 31, 2018

(in millions)

Initial CostSubsequentForeignGross Amount at December 31, 2018Date of
Buildings &CostsCurrencyBuildings &AccumulatedCompletion ofDateDepreciation
DescriptionDebtLandImprovementsCapitalized, net (1)AdjustmentLandImprovementsTotalDepreciationConstructionAcquiredLife
Hotels:
Andaz Maui at Wailea Resort—151255——1512554066—201838
Atlanta Marriott Suites Midtown——2614——404024—199640
Axiom Hotel—363840—367811413—201433
Boston Marriott Copley Place——20383——286286150—200240
Calgary Marriott Downtown—51847(5)5606534—199640
Chicago Marriott Suites Downers Grove—21414—2283016—199640
Chicago Marriott Suites O'Hare—53623—5596430—199840
Coronado Island Marriott Resort & Spa——5349——10210261—199740
Costa Mesa Marriott—31810—3283118—199640
Courtyard Chicago Downtown/River North—72716—7435031—199240
Denver Marriott Tech Center Hotel—62683—610911557—199440
Denver Marriott West——1215——272723—198340
Embassy Suites by Hilton Chicago Downtown Magnificent Mile——8618——10410443—200440
Gaithersburg Marriott Washingtonian Center—72214—7364325—199340
Grand Hyatt Atlanta in Buckhead—88831—811912766—199840
Grand Hyatt San Francisco—523311—533313848—201834
Grand Hyatt Washington—15424739—15428644073—201233
Hilton Singer Island Oceanfront/Palm Beaches Resort—21022—2323425—199440
Houston Airport Marriott at George Bush Intercontinental——1092——10210268—198440
Houston Marriott Medical Center——1937——565638—199840
Hyatt Place Waikiki Beach—121203—1212313524—201334
Hyatt Regency Cambridge—188418—1910112061—199840
Hyatt Regency Coconut Point Resort & Spa—331851—331862195—201836
Hyatt Regency Maui Resort & Spa—9221273—81296377131—200340
Hyatt Regency Reston—117829—1210611859—199840
Hyatt Regency San Francisco Airport—16119111—20226246113—199840
Hyatt Regency Washington on Capitol Hill—4023044—40274314110—200540
JW Marriott Atlanta Buckhead—162131—16526839—199040
JW Marriott Hotel Rio de Janeiro—13293(25)515204—201040
JW Marriott Houston by the Galleria—42649—6737944—199440
JW Marriott Washington, DC—269865—2616318997—200340

S-1

SCHEDULE III

Page 2 of 4

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC., HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, L.P., AND SUBSIDIARIES

REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (continued)

December 31, 2018

(in millions)

Initial CostSubsequentForeignGross Amount at December 31, 2018Date of
Buildings &CostsCurrencyBuildings &AccumulatedCompletion ofDateDepreciation
DescriptionDebtLandImprovementsCapitalized, net (1)AdjustmentLandImprovementsTotalDepreciationConstructionAcquiredLife
Manchester Grand Hyatt San Diego——54865——613613175—201135
Marina del Rey Marriott——1336——494930—199540
Marriott Marquis San Diego Marina——202386——588588316—199640
Miami Marriott Biscayne Bay—382740—386710554—199840
Minneapolis Marriott City Center—342744—347110562—199540
New Orleans Marriott—1696141—16237253163—199640
New York Marriott Downtown—197949—1912814786—199740
New York Marriott Marquis—4955249—49601650477—198640
Newark Liberty International Airport Marriott——3048——787853—198440
Newport Beach Marriott Bayview—61412—6263218—198840
Newport Beach Marriott Hotel & Spa—1113117—813314189—198840
Orlando World Center Marriott—18157392—29538567308—199740
Philadelphia Airport Marriott——4219——616138—199540
Residence Inn Arlington Pentagon City—62912—6414726—199640
Rio de Janeiro Parque Olimpico Hotels—2139—(27)10233342014—35
San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter——8688——174174110—199640
San Antonio Marriott Riverwalk—64536—6818750—199540
San Francisco Marriott Fisherman’s Wharf—62033—6535934—199440
San Francisco Marriott Marquis——278138——416416294—198940
San Ramon Marriott——2225——474730—199640
Santa Clara Marriott——3967——10610689—198940
Scottsdale Marriott at McDowell Mountains—8489—8576523—200440
Scottsdale Marriott Suites Old Town—32012—3323521—199640
Sheraton Boston Hotel—4226273—42335377138—200640
Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel—346409(109)—346300646168—200640
Sheraton Parsippany Hotel—83023—8536125—200640
Sheraton San Diego Hotel & Marina——32841——369369135—200640
Swissôtel Chicago—2913297—30228258109—199840
Tampa Airport Marriott——925——343430—197140
The Camby Hotel—106329—109210250—199840
The Don CeSar—461582—4616020610—201734
Fairmont Kea Lani, Maui—5529467—55361416151—200440
The Logan—266072—2713115864—199840

S-2

SCHEDULE III

Page 3 of 4

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC., HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, L.P., AND SUBSIDIARIES

REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION (continued)

December 31, 2018

(in millions)

Initial CostSubsequentForeignGross Amount at December 31, 2018Date of
Buildings &CostsCurrencyBuildings &AccumulatedCompletion ofDateDepreciation
DescriptionDebtLandImprovementsCapitalized, net (1)AdjustmentLandImprovementsTotalDepreciationConstructionAcquiredLife
The Phoenician, A Luxury Collection Resort—72307104—7440948355—201532
The Ritz-Carlton, Amelia Island—2511587—25202227114—199840
The Ritz-Carlton, Marina del Rey——5238——909057—199740
The Ritz-Carlton, Naples—19126164—21288309178—199640
The Ritz-Carlton Golf Resort, Naples—221083—2293115382002—40
The Ritz-Carlton, Tysons Corner——8937——12612669—199840
The St. Regis Houston—63321—6546028—200640
The Westin Buckhead Atlanta—58434—611712364—199840
The Westin Chicago River North—3311613—3312916230—201040
The Westin Cincinnati——5419——737331—200640
The Westin Denver Downtown——8921——11011042—200640
The Westin Georgetown, Washington D.C.—168016—169611239—200640
The Westin Indianapolis—1210018—1211813044—200640
The Westin Kierland Resort & Spa—10028028—100308408101—200640
The Westin Los Angeles Airport——10226——12812850—200640
The Westin Mission Hills Resort & Spa—4047(37)—13375026—200640
The Westin Seattle—3917540—3921525478—200640
The Westin South Coast Plaza, Costa Mesa——4625——717146—200640
The Westin Waltham Boston—95921—9808932—200640
The Whitley, A Luxury Collection Hotel, Atlanta Buckhead—148175—15155170100—199640
Toronto Marriott Downtown Eaton Centre Hotel——2733(4)—565634—199540
W Hollywood——204———20420413—201735
W Seattle—1112512—1113714846—200640
Washington Dulles Airport Marriott——346——494941—197040
Washington Marriott at Metro Center—202429—20537339—199440
Westfields Marriott Washington Dulles—73221—7536036—199440
YVE Hotel Miami—15412—1543587—201433
Total hotels:—1,9879,4134,189(61)1,95513,57315,5286,364
Other properties, each less than 5% of total—5112—513189—various40
TOTAL$—$1,992$9,414$4,201$(61)$1,960$13,586$15,546$6,373
(1) Subsequent costs capitalized are net of impairment expense.

S-3

SCHEDULE III

Page 4 of 4

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, INC., AND SUBSIDIARIES

HOST HOTELS & RESORTS, L.P., AND SUBSIDIARIES

REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

December 31, 2018

(in millions)

Notes:

(A)The change in total cost of properties for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2015$15,516
Additions:
Acquisitions58
Capital expenditures and transfers from construction-in-progress510
Deductions:
Dispositions and other(331)
Assets held for sale(223)
Balance at December 31, 201615,530
Additions:
Acquisitions447
Capital expenditures and transfers from construction-in-progress191
Deductions:
Dispositions and other(567)
Impairments(43)
Assets held for sale(95)
Balance at December 31, 201715,463
Additions:
Acquisitions1,013
Capital expenditures and transfers from construction-in-progress249
Deductions:
Dispositions and other(551)
Impairments(260)
Assets held for sale(368)
Balance at December 31, 2018$15,546
(B)The change in accumulated depreciation and amortization of real estate assets for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:
Balance at December 31, 2015$5,666
Depreciation and amortization572
Dispositions and other(159)
Depreciation on assets held for sale(130)
Balance at December 31, 20165,949
Depreciation and amortization563
Dispositions and other(247)
Depreciation on assets held for sale7
Balance at December 31, 20176,272
Depreciation and amortization546
Dispositions and other(344)
Depreciation on assets held for sale(101)
Balance at December 31, 2018$6,373
(C)The aggregate cost of real estate for federal income tax purposes is approximately $10,458 million at December 31, 2018.
(D)The total cost of properties excludes construction-in-progress properties.