Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in this quarterly report. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company’s actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including those set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent annual report on Form 10-K and under the heading “Cautionary Statement Under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act” discussed elsewhere in this quarterly report.

This discussion includes certain non-GAAP financial measures that have been defined and reconciled to the most directly comparable financial measure prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) under the headings “Non-GAAP Disclosures” and “Free Cash Flow.” This discussion also includes Operating working capital, which has been defined under the heading “Liquidity and Capital Resources.” The non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by the Company should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The financial results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the reconciliations from these results should be carefully evaluated.

Overview

IDEX is an applied solutions provider specializing in the manufacturing of fluid and metering technologies, health and science technologies and fire, safety and other diversified products built to customers’ specifications. IDEX’s products are sold in niche markets across a wide range of industries throughout the world. Accordingly, IDEX’s businesses are affected by levels of industrial activity and economic conditions in the U.S. and in other countries where it does business, as well as by the relationship of the U.S. dollar to other currencies. Levels of capacity utilization and capital spending in certain markets and overall industrial activity are important factors that influence the demand for IDEX’s products.

Highlights

(All comparisons are against the same period in 2024 unless otherwise noted)

• Net sales of $814.3 million increased 2% overall and decreased 1% organically*

• Diluted earnings per common share (“EPS”) attributable to IDEX of $1.26 decreased 21%

• Adjusted diluted EPS attributable to IDEX* of $1.75 decreased 7%

*These are non-GAAP measures. See the definitions of these non-GAAP measures and reconciliations to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures under the heading “Non-GAAP Disclosures.”

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company delivered solid operating performance. Strong price/cost execution and favorable operational productivity partly mitigated the impact of volume pressure. Operating results during the quarter also benefited from the acquisition of Mott Corporation and its subsidiaries (“Mott”). Both diluted EPS and Adjusted diluted EPS decreased, reflecting interest on borrowings to fund the acquisition of Mott during the third quarter of 2024 as well as the absence of discrete one-time tax benefits during the first quarter of 2024.

While uncertainty in the marketplace continues, we expect the potential unfavorable impact of tariffs and changes to global trade policies may have on our consolidated results of operations can largely be mitigated by price increases and cost reduction. Short cycle order patterns have not been discernibly disrupted to date, but continued uncertainty may result in further pressure on volumes across our markets and geographies. The Company believes it is well positioned in the current environment given the criticality and relatively low cost of its solutions. IDEX businesses generally operate locally with teams that are well equipped to adapt with agility. The Company remains focused on optimizing its business portfolio and expects its strong cash generation and balance sheet will continue to enable opportunistic capital deployment to generate shareholder value sustainably in the long run.

Results of Operations

The following is a discussion and analysis of the Company’s results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared with the three months ended March 31, 2024.

									Three Months Ended March 31,												Change
(In millions, except per share amounts)																					2025						2024						$						% / bps
Domestic sales																					$	419.4					$	397.6					$	21.8					5		%
International sales																					394.9						402.9						(8.0)						(2		%)
Net sales																					814.3						800.5						13.8						2		%
Cost of sales																					445.4						443.1						2.3						1		%
Gross profit																					368.9						357.4						11.5						3		%
Gross margin																					45.3		%				44.6		%				n/a						70 bps
Selling, general and administrative expenses																					209.4						195.1						14.3						7		%
Restructuring expenses and asset impairments																					17.5						1.1						16.4						NM
Operating income																					142.0						161.2						(19.2)						(12		%)
Other expense (income) – net																					1.4						(2.7)						4.1						(152		%)
Interest expense – net																					16.1						9.4						6.7						71		%
Income before income taxes																					124.5						154.5						(30.0)						(19		%)
Provision for income taxes																					29.1						33.2						(4.1)						(12		%)
Effective tax rate																					23.4		%				21.5		%				n/a						190 bps
Net income attributable to IDEX																					$	95.5					$	121.4					$	(25.9)					(21		%)
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to IDEX																					$	1.26					$	1.60					$	(0.34)					(21		%)
NM - Not Meaningful

Net Sales

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased as compared to the same prior year period as a result of contributions from the Mott acquisition. Organic sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased 1% which reflected lower volumes, largely as a result of market softness within certain Fluid & Metering Technologies and Health & Science Technologies businesses, partially offset by targeted growth initiatives and price capture.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit and Gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased as compared to the same prior year period primarily due to favorable operational productivity across all segments and price/cost, partially offset by volume deleverage. Additionally, slightly higher employee-related costs were mitigated by platform optimization savings resulting from restructuring actions initiated during the period. Gross profit was also positively impacted by the impact of the Mott acquisition, net of divestitures.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased primarily due to the $16.6 million impact from acquisitions, net of divestitures, including amortization, and increased professional services spending as compared to the same prior year period. These increases were partially offset by lower employee-related costs.

Restructuring Expenses and Asset Impairments

Restructuring expenses and asset impairments increased in the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to higher severance costs compared with the same prior year period. Severance costs during the current period were incurred in conjunction with organizational changes, primarily designed to connect scalable groups of businesses, which resulted in a reduction of headcount. Additionally, the Company eliminated certain management layers in select areas. For additional information regarding restructuring expenses and asset impairments, refer to Note 10, “Restructuring Expenses and Asset Impairments,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Expense (Income) – Net

Other expense (income) – net decreased to $1.4 million of expense in the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $2.7 million of income during the same prior year period primarily due to the unfavorable impact of foreign currency transactions as compared to the same prior year period.

Interest Expense – Net

Interest expense – net for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased primarily due to the impact of higher debt outstanding used to finance the acquisition of Mott, partially offset by a reduction in interest expense related to the payoff of the Term Facility in 2024.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 23.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 21.5% during the same period in 2024. One-time discrete tax benefits related to the finalization of tax impacts with taxing authorities of a previously recorded legal entity restructuring lowered the effective tax rate during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

In October 2021, members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting agreed to a two-pillar solution to address the tax challenges associated with the digitalization of the economy. In December 2021, the OECD released the Pillar Two Model Rules (“Pillar Two”), which define the global minimum tax and call for the taxation of large corporations at a minimum rate of 15%. While it is uncertain whether the United States will enact legislation to adopt Pillar Two, certain countries in which we operate have enacted legislation, and other countries are in the process of introducing draft legislation to implement the minimum tax directive. Many aspects of Pillar Two became effective January 1, 2025; however, nearly all of the jurisdictions in which IDEX operates have an effective tax rate above the 15% threshold. Therefore, the Company does not expect a material impact from the Pillar Two income tax rules. We are continuing to monitor legislative developments and evaluate financial results for changes in the expected impact.

Results of Reportable Business Segments

The Company has three reportable segments: Fluid & Metering Technologies (“FMT”), Health & Science Technologies (“HST”) and Fire & Safety/Diversified Products (“FSDP”). For a detailed description of the operations within each segment, refer to Note 13, “Business Segments and Geographic Information,” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Management’s measurements of segment performance are Net sales, adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) and Adjusted EBITDA margin.

The table below illustrates the share of Net sales and Adjusted EBITDA contributed by each segment on the basis of total segments (not total Company) for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

									Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
																											FMT						HST						FSDP						Total
Net sales as a percent of total																											35		%				42		%				23		%				100		%
Adjusted EBITDA(1)																											40		%				37		%				23		%				100		%

(1) Segment Adjusted EBITDA excludes the impact of unallocated corporate costs of $28.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Fluid & Metering Technologies Segment

			Three Months Ended March 31,																		Components of Change
(In millions)			2025						2024						Change						Organic						Acq/Div**(1)**						Foreign Currency						Total
Domestic sales			$	168.8					$	172.6					(2%)
International sales			121.7						141.1						(14%)
Net sales			$	290.5					$	313.7					(7%)						(4%)						(2%)						(1%)						(7%)
Adjusted EBITDA			95.3						105.4						(10%)						(7%)						(2%)						(1%)						(10%)
Adjusted EBITDA margin			32.8		%				33.6		%				(80) bps						(100) bps						20 bps						—						(80) bps

(1) Divestitures included Alfa Valvole, Srl, sold in June 2024.

• Organic sales during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were negatively impacted by lower volumes resulting from softness in the Company’s agriculture, chemical, energy and semiconductor businesses, partially offset by favorable municipal water market dynamics and price capture.

• Excluding the accretive impact of divestitures, Adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased primarily due to volume deleverage, partially offset by strong price/cost. Additionally, platform optimization savings offset increases in other employee-related costs.

Health & Science Technologies Segment

			Three Months Ended March 31,																		Components of Change
(In millions)			2025						2024						Change						Organic						Acq/Div**(1)**						Foreign Currency						Total
Domestic sales			$	155.1					$	138.9					12%
International sales			186.4						171.2						9%
Net sales			$	341.5					$	310.1					10%						(1%)						12%						(1%)						10%
Adjusted EBITDA			87.4						81.4						7%						(1%)						9%						(1%)						7%
Adjusted EBITDA margin			25.6		%				26.2		%				(60) bps						20 bps						(80) bps						—						(60) bps

(1) Acquisitions include Mott, acquired in September 2024.

• Organic sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were negatively impacted by lower volumes within the Company’s semiconductor, automotive and industrial businesses, which more than offset favorable aerospace/defense markets, targeted growth initiatives and price capture.

• Excluding the net dilutive impact of acquisitions, Adjusted EBITDA margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased primarily due to platform optimization savings, which offset increases in other employee-related costs, as well as favorable productivity and mix, partially offset by volume deleverage.

Fire & Safety/Diversified Products Segment

			Three Months Ended March 31,																		Components of Change
(In millions)			2025						2024						Change						Organic						Acq/Div						Foreign Currency						Total
Domestic sales			$	95.5					$	86.1					11%
International sales			88.8						91.9						(3%)
Net sales			$	184.3					$	178.0					4%						5%						—						(1%)						4%
Adjusted EBITDA			54.2						51.4						5%						7%						—						(2%)						5%
Adjusted EBITDA margin			29.4		%				28.9		%				50 bps						60 bps						—						(10) bps						50 bps

• Organic sales for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were positively impacted by Fire and Safety targeted growth initiatives, Dispensing projects volumes and price capture.

• Adjusted EBITDA margin increased for the three months ended March 31, 2025 primarily due to favorable volume leverage and price/cost, which was partially offset by higher employee-related costs.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity

Based on management’s current expectations and currently available information, the Company believes current cash, cash from operations and cash available under the Revolving Facility will be sufficient to meet its cash requirements, including planned capital expenditures, interest and principal payments on all borrowings, pension and postretirement funding requirements, share repurchases and quarterly dividend payments to holders of the Company’s common stock for the foreseeable future. Additionally, in the event that suitable businesses are available for acquisition upon acceptable terms, the Company may obtain all or a portion of the financing for these acquisitions through the incurrence of additional borrowings. The Company believes that additional borrowings through various financing alternatives remain available, if required.

Select key liquidity metrics at March 31, 2025 are as follows:

(In millions)						March 31, 2025
Working capital						$	1,043.1
Current ratio						2.8 to 1
Cash and cash equivalents						$	594.1
Cash held outside of the United States						470.4
Revolving Facility capacity						$	800.0
Borrowings						249.0
Letters of credit						3.0
Revolving Facility availability						$	548.0

Operating Working Capital

Operating working capital, calculated as Receivables – net plus Inventories – net minus Trade accounts payable, is used by management as a measurement of operational results as well as the short-term liquidity of the Company. The following table details Operating working capital as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

(In millions)						March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024						Change						Organic Change
Receivables – net						$	482.6					$	465.9					$	16.7					$	12.3
Inventories – net						466.3						429.7						36.6						34.9
Less: Trade accounts payable						208.3						197.8						10.5						8.2
Operating working capital						$	740.6					$	697.8					$	42.8					$	39.0

Operating working capital increased $42.8 million to $740.6 million at March 31, 2025. Acquisitions and foreign currency translation increased Operating working capital by $3.8 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Apart from these items, receivables increased due to price capture, which more than offset the impact of lower volumes; inventories increased to support planned production; and accounts payable increased as a result of higher inventory purchases and timing of payments.

Cash Flow Summary

The following table is derived from the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:

						Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)						2025						2024						Change
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities						$	105.7					$	156.6					$	(50.9)
Investing activities						(10.0)						(20.0)						10.0
Financing activities						(133.3)						(41.0)						(92.3)

Operating Activities

Cash flows provided by operating activities decreased $50.9 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the same prior year period primarily due to higher investments in operating working capital driven by higher inventory purchases to support planned production, as well as higher interest payments on the 4.950% Senior Notes borrowed during the third quarter of 2024 to fund the acquisition of Mott.

Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities decreased $10.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior year period primarily due to lower capital expenditures, which decreased $5.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior year period. The three months ended March 31, 2025 also includes $4.2 million of funds received in connection with the finalization of the Mott purchase price.

Financing Activities

Cash flows used in financing activities increased $92.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior year period primarily due to $50.0 million of share repurchases and a $30.2 million payment on the Revolving Facility. The three months ended March 31, 2025 also included lower proceeds from stock option exercises, net of shares withheld for taxes, which decreased $8.2 million, and higher dividends paid to shareholders, which increased $3.9 million as compared to the prior year period.

Free Cash Flow

The Company believes free cash flow, a non-GAAP measure, is an important measure of performance because it provides a measurement of cash generated from operations that is available for payment obligations such as operating cash requirements, planned capital expenditures, interest and principal payments on all borrowings, pension and postretirement funding requirements and quarterly dividend payments to holders of the Company’s common stock as well as for funding acquisitions and share repurchases. Free cash flow is calculated as cash flows provided by operating activities less capital expenditures.

The following table reconciles cash flows provided by operating activities to free cash flow:

						Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Cash flows provided by operating activities						$	105.7					$	156.6
Less: capital expenditures						14.3						20.0
Free cash flow						$	91.4					$	136.6

Cash Requirements

Subsequent Borrowings Activity

During April 2025, the Company repaid $12.5 million of the $249.0 million outstanding under the Revolving Facility.

Capital Expenditures

Capital expenditures generally include machinery and equipment that support growth and improved productivity, tooling, business system technology, replacement of equipment and investments in new facilities. The Company believes it has sufficient operating cash flows to continue to meet current obligations and invest in planned capital expenditures. Cash flows from operations were more than adequate to fund capital expenditures of $14.3 million and $20.0 million in the first three months of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Share Repurchases

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 0.3 million shares at a cost of $50.0 million. There were no share repurchases during the three months ended March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, the amount of share repurchase authorization remaining was $489.7 million. For additional information regarding the Company’s share repurchase program, refer to Note 12, “Share Repurchases,” in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Dividends

Total dividend payments to common shareholders were $52.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared with $48.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Covenants

The key financial covenants that the Company is required to maintain in connection with the Revolving Facility, the Term Facility, the 3.37% Senior Notes and the 5.13% Senior Notes, are a minimum interest coverage ratio of 3.0 to 1 and a maximum leverage ratio of 3.50 to 1. At March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with these financial covenants, as the Company’s interest coverage ratio was 14.08 to 1 for covenant calculation purposes and the leverage ratio was 2.22 to 1. There are no financial covenants relating to the 2.625% Senior Notes, the 3.00% Senior Notes or the 4.950% Senior Notes; however, all are subject to cross-acceleration provisions.

Credit Ratings

The Company’s credit ratings, which were independently developed by the following credit agencies, are detailed below:

• S&P Global Ratings reaffirmed the Company’s corporate credit rating of BBB (stable outlook) in September 2024.

• Moody’s Investors Service affirmed the Company’s corporate credit rating of Baa2 (stable outlook) in August 2024.

• Fitch Ratings reaffirmed the Company’s corporate credit rating of BBB+ (stable outlook) in June 2024.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

The Company had $23.0 million of letters of credit as of March 31, 2025, primarily issued as security for insurance and other performance obligations. Of the $23.0 million of letters of credit, only $3.0 million reduced the Company’s borrowing capacity under the Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2025. The Company has restricted cash of $18.1 million as of March 31, 2025, which represents cash held as collateral for standby letters of credit issued by Mott and is required to keep the balance in a separate account for the duration of the letters of credit. Of the $18.1 million of restricted cash as of March 31, 2025, $15.4 million was released from restriction in April 2025 as the related standby letters of credit expired, $13.8 million of which is expected to be replaced in future periods under other existing facilities that do not reduce the Company’s borrowing capacity.

Except as disclosed above, the Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements that currently have or are reasonably likely to have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, changes in financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.

Critical Accounting Estimates

There have been no changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates described in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Non-GAAP Disclosures

Set forth below are reconciliations of Organic sales, Adjusted gross profit, Adjusted gross margin, Adjusted net income attributable to IDEX, Adjusted diluted EPS attributable to IDEX, Consolidated Adjusted earnings before interest, income taxes, depreciation and amortization (“Adjusted EBITDA”) and Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA margin to their respective most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure. Management uses these metrics to measure performance of the Company since they exclude items that are not reflective of ongoing operations, as identified in the reconciliations below. Management also supplements its U.S. GAAP financial statements with adjusted information to provide investors with greater insight, transparency and a more comprehensive understanding of the information used by management in its financial and operational decision making.

Management uses Adjusted EBITDA as its measure of segment performance, and believes it is a useful indicator of the strength and performance of the Company and its segments’ ongoing business operations, as well as a way for investors to evaluate and compare operating performance and value companies within the Company’s industry. Management believes that Adjusted EBITDA margin is useful for the same reason as Adjusted EBITDA. The definition of Adjusted EBITDA used here may differ from that used by other companies.

This report also references free cash flow. This non-GAAP measure is discussed and reconciled to its most directly comparable GAAP measure in the section above titled “Free Cash Flow.”

The non-GAAP financial measures disclosed by the Company should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Due to rounding, numbers presented throughout this and other documents may not add up or recalculate precisely. The financial results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and the reconciliations from these results should be carefully evaluated.

1. Reconciliations of the Change in Net Sales to Organic Sales
			FMT						HST						FSDP						IDEX
			Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Change in net sales			(7		%)				10		%				4		%				2		%
Less:
Net impact from acquisitions/divestitures(1)			(2		%)				12		%				—		%				4		%
Impact from foreign currency(2)			(1		%)				(1		%)				(1		%)				(1		%)
Change in organic sales			(4		%)				(1		%)				5		%				(1		%)

(1) Represents the sales from acquired or divested businesses during the first 12 months of ownership or prior to divestiture.

(2) The portion of sales attributable to foreign currency translation is calculated as the difference between (a) the period-to-period change in organic sales, and (b) the period-to-period change in organic sales after applying prior period foreign exchange rates to the current year period.

2. Reconciliations of Reported-to-Adjusted Gross Profit and Gross Margin (in millions)
									Three Months Ended March 31,
															2025						2024
Gross profit															$	368.9					$	357.4
Fair value inventory step-up charges															—						2.5
Adjusted gross profit															$	368.9					$	359.9
Net sales															$	814.3					$	800.5
Gross margin															45.3		%				44.6		%
Adjusted gross margin															45.3		%				45.0		%

3. Reconciliations of Reported-to-Adjusted Net Income Attributable to IDEX and Diluted EPS Attributable to IDEX (in millions, except for per share amounts)
									Three Months Ended March 31,
															2025						2024
Reported net income attributable to IDEX															$	95.5					$	121.4
Fair value inventory step-up charges															—						2.5
Tax impact on fair value inventory step-up charges															—						(0.5)
Restructuring expenses and asset impairments															17.5						1.1
Tax impact on restructuring expenses and asset impairments															(4.1)						(0.3)
Acquisition-related intangible asset amortization															31.5						24.6
Tax impact on acquisition-related intangible asset amortization															(7.4)						(5.6)
Adjusted net income attributable to IDEX															$	133.0					$	143.2
Reported diluted EPS attributable to IDEX															$	1.26					$	1.60
Fair value inventory step-up charges															—						0.03
Tax impact on fair value inventory step-up charges															—						(0.01)
Restructuring expenses and asset impairments															0.23						0.01
Tax impact on restructuring expenses and asset impairments															(0.05)						—
Acquisition-related intangible asset amortization															0.41						0.32
Tax impact on acquisition-related intangible asset amortization															(0.10)						(0.07)
Adjusted diluted EPS attributable to IDEX															$	1.75					$	1.88
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding															75.8						75.9

4. Reconciliations of Net Income to Adjusted EBITDA (in millions)
									Three Months Ended March 31,
															2025						2024
Reported net income															$	95.4					$	121.3
Provision for income taxes															29.1						33.2
Interest expense – net															16.1						9.4
Depreciation															18.4						16.2
Amortization															31.5						24.6
Fair value inventory step-up charges															—						2.5
Restructuring expenses and asset impairments															17.5						1.1
Adjusted EBITDA															$	208.0					$	208.3
Adjusted EBITDA Components
FMT															$	95.3					$	105.4
HST															87.4						81.4
FSDP															54.2						51.4
Corporate and other															(28.9)						(29.9)
Total Adjusted EBITDA															$	208.0					$	208.3
Net sales															$	814.3					$	800.5
Net income margin															11.7		%				15.2		%
Adjusted EBITDA margin															25.5		%				26.0		%