Cover and table of contents
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Cover and table of contents
10-K 1 a123118ihinc10kdocument.htm 10-K
| UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 | ||||
| FORM 10-K | ||||
| x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
| For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 | ||||
| OR | ||||
| o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | ||||
| For the transition period from to | ||||
| Commission File Number: 001-38004 | ||||
| Invitation Homes Inc. (Exact name of registrant as specified in governing instruments) | ||||
| Maryland (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | 90-0939055 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||
| 1717 Main Street, Suite 2000 Dallas, Texas (Address of principal executive offices) | 75201 (Zip Code) | |||
| (972) 421-3600 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) |
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: | ||||
| Title of Each Class | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered | |||
| Common stock, $0.01 par value | New York Stock Exchange | |||
| Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None |
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | o | ||
| Non-accelerated filer | o | Smaller reporting company | o | ||
| Emerging growth company | o |
| If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o | |||||
| Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x |
As of June 29, 2018, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $6.9 billion (based upon the closing sale price of the common stock on that date on the New York Stock Exchange).
As of February 25, 2019, there were 521,190,091 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III incorporate information by reference from the registrant’s definitive proxy statement relating to its 2019 annual meeting of stockholders (the “2019 Proxy Statement”) to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the close of the registrant’s fiscal year to which this report relates.
INVITATION HOMES INC.
| Page | |||
| PART I | |||
| Item | 1. | Business | 6 |
| Item | 1A. | Risk Factors | 14 |
| Item | 1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 45 |
| Item | 2. | Properties | 45 |
| Item | 3. | Legal Proceedings | 45 |
| Item | 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 45 |
| PART II | |||
| Item | 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 46 |
| Item | 6. | Selected Financial Data | 47 |
| Item | 7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 49 |
| Item | 7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 77 |
| Item | 8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 78 |
| Item | 9. | Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 78 |
| Item | 9A. | Controls and Procedures | 78 |
| Item | 9B. | Other Information | 81 |
| PART III | |||
| Item | 10. | Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance | 82 |
| Item | 11. | Executive Compensation | 82 |
| Item | 12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 82 |
| Item | 13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 82 |
| Item | 14. | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 82 |
| PART IV | |||
| Item | 15. | Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules | 83 |
| Item | 16. | Form 10-K Summary | 91 |
| Signatures | |||
| Exhibits |
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), which include, but are not limited to, statements related to our expectations regarding the anticipated benefits of the merger with Starwood Waypoint Homes (“SWH”), the performance of our business, our financial results, our liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “outlook,” “believes,” “expects,” “potential,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “seeks,” “projects,” “predicts,” “intends,” “plans,” “estimates,” “anticipates” or the negative version of these words or other comparable words. Such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including, among others, risks associated with achieving expected revenue synergies or cost savings from the merger, risks inherent to the single-family rental industry sector and our business model, macroeconomic factors beyond our control, competition in identifying and acquiring our properties, competition in the leasing market for quality residents, increasing property taxes, homeowners’ association (“HOA”) and insurance costs, our dependence on third parties for key services, risks related to evaluation of properties, poor resident selection and defaults and non-renewals by our residents, performance of our information technology systems, and risks related to our indebtedness. Accordingly, there are or will be important factors that could cause actual outcomes or results to differ materially from those indicated in these statements. We believe these factors include but are not limited to those described under Part I. Item 1A. “Risk Factors,” as such factors may be updated from time to time in our periodic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), which are accessible on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. These factors should not be construed as exhaustive and should be read in conjunction with the other cautionary statements that are included in this Annual Report and in our other periodic filings. The forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Annual Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except to the extent otherwise required by law.
DEFINED TERMS
Prior to the completion of our initial public offering, our business was owned by six holding entities: Invitation Homes L.P., Preeminent Holdings Inc., Invitation Homes 3 L.P., Invitation Homes 4 L.P., Invitation Homes 5 L.P., and Invitation Homes 6 L.P. We refer to these six holding entities collectively as the “IH Holding Entities.” Unless the context suggests otherwise, references to “IH1,” “IH2,” “IH3,” “IH4,” “IH5,” and “IH6” refer to Invitation Homes L.P., Preeminent Holdings Inc., Invitation Homes 3 L.P., Invitation Homes 4 L.P., Invitation Homes 5 L.P., and Invitation Homes 6 L.P., respectively, in each case including any wholly owned subsidiaries, if applicable. THR Property Management L.P., a wholly owned subsidiary of IH1 (the “Manager”), provides all management and other administrative services with respect to the homes we own. The IH Holding Entities were under the common control of Blackstone Real Estate Partners VII L.P., an investment fund sponsored by The Blackstone Group L.P., and its general partner and certain affiliated funds and investment vehicles. Investment funds and vehicles associated with or designated by The Blackstone Group L.P. are referred to herein as “Blackstone” or our “Sponsor.” We refer to Blackstone, together with our management and other equity holders prior to the completion of our initial public offering, collectively as our “Pre-IPO Owners.”
On November 16, 2017 (the “Merger Date”), pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated August 9, 2017 (the “Merger Agreement”), by and among Invitation Homes Inc. (“INVH”), Invitation Homes Operating Partnership LP (“INVH LP”), IH Merger Sub, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of INVH (“REIT Merger Sub”), SWH and Starwood Waypoint Homes Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership and a subsidiary of SWH (“SWH Partnership”), SWH merged with and into REIT Merger Sub, with REIT Merger Sub surviving as our subsidiary (the “REIT Merger”). Immediately after the REIT Merger, SWH Partnership merged with and into INVH LP, with INVH LP surviving as our subsidiary (the “Partnership Merger,” and together with the REIT Merger, the “Mergers”). “Legacy SWH” and “SWH,” as the context requires, refer to the business practices and operations of SWH prior to the Mergers, including the homes owned by SWH. “Legacy IH” refers to the business practices and operations of INVH prior to the Mergers, including the homes owned by INVH.
Unless the context suggests otherwise, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to “Invitation Homes,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” refer (1) prior to the consummation of the reorganization transactions described in Part I. Item 1. “Business” (the “Pre-IPO Transactions”), to the combined IH Holding Entities and their consolidated subsidiaries, including INVH LP, (2) after the consummation of the Pre-IPO Transactions, to INVH and its consolidated subsidiaries (including INVH LP and the IH Holding Entities), and (3) after the consummation of the Mergers, to INVH and its consolidated subsidiaries including those acquired in the Mergers.
In this Annual Report on Form 10-K:
| • | “average monthly rent” represents average monthly rental income per home for occupied properties in an identified population of homes over the measurement period and reflects the impact of non-service rent concessions and contractual rent increases amortized over the life of the related lease; |
| • | “average occupancy” for an identified population of homes represents (i) the total number of days that the homes in such population were occupied during the measurement period, divided by (ii) the total number of days that the homes in such population were owned during the measurement period; |
| • | “days to re-resident” for an individual home represents the number of days between (i) the date the prior resident moves out of a home, and (ii) the date the next resident is granted access to the same home, which is deemed to be the earlier of the next resident’s contractual lease start date and the next resident’s move-in date; |
| • | “Carolinas” includes Charlotte, NC, Greensboro, NC, Raleigh, NC, and Fort Mill, SC; |
| • | “in-fill” refers to markets, MSAs, submarkets, neighborhoods or other geographic areas that are typified by significant population densities and low availability of land suitable for development into competitive properties, resulting in limited opportunities for new construction; |
| • | “Metropolitan Statistical Area” or “MSA” is defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget as a region associated with at least one urbanized area that has a population of at least 50,000 and comprises the central county or counties containing the core, plus adjacent outlying counties having a high degree of social and economic integration with the central county or counties as measured through commuting; |
| • | “net effective rental rate growth” for any home represents the percentage difference between the monthly rent from an expiring lease and the monthly rent from the next lease and, in each case, reflects the impact of non-service rent concessions and contractual rent increases amortized over the life of the related lease. Leases are either renewal leases, where our current resident chooses to stay for a subsequent lease term, or a new lease, where our previous resident moves out and a new resident signs a lease to occupy the same home; |
| • | “Northern California” includes Chico, CA, Modesto, CA, Napa, CA, Sacramento-Arden-Arcade-Roseville, CA, San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA, Stockton-Lodi, CA, Vallejo-Fairfield, CA, and Yuba City, CA; |
| • | “PSF” means per square foot; |
| • | “Same Store” or “Same Store portfolio” includes, for a given reporting period, homes that have been stabilized for at least 15 months prior to January 1st of the year in which the Same Store portfolio was established, excluding homes that have been sold, homes that have been identified for sale to an owner occupant and have become vacant, and homes that have been deemed inoperable or significantly impaired by casualty loss events or force majeure. Homes are considered stabilized if they have (i) completed an initial renovation and (ii) entered into at least one post-initial renovation lease. An acquired portfolio that is both leased and deemed to be of sufficiently similar quality and characteristics as the existing Invitation Homes Same Store portfolio may be considered stabilized at the time of acquisition. Additionally, homes acquired via the Mergers have been deemed to qualify for the Same Store portfolio beginning in 2018 if they were stabilized, according to the Invitation Homes criteria for stabilization, within the Legacy SWH portfolio prior to the Mergers. We believe presenting information about the portion of our portfolio that has been fully operational for the entirety of a given reporting period and its prior year comparison period provides investors with meaningful information about the performance of our comparable homes across periods and about trends in our organic business. In order to provide meaningful comparative information across periods that, in some cases, pre-date the Mergers, all information regarding the performance of the Same Store portfolio for periods prior to December 31, 2017 is presented as though the Mergers were consummated on January 1, 2017; |
| • | “Southeast United States” includes our Atlanta, Carolinas, and Nashville markets; |
| • | “South Florida” includes Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL, and Port St. Lucie, FL; |
| • | “Southern California” includes Bakersfield, CA, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA, Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA, Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA, and San Diego-Carlsbad, CA; |
| • | “total homes” or “total portfolio” refers to the total number of homes we own, whether or not stabilized, and excludes any properties previously acquired in purchases that have been subsequently rescinded or vacated. Unless the context otherwise requires, all measures in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are presented on a total portfolio basis; |
| • | “turnover rate” represents the number of instances that homes in an identified population become unoccupied in a given period, divided by the number of homes in such population. To the extent the measurement period shown is less than 12 months, the turnover rate may be reflected on an annualized basis; and |
| • | “Western United States” includes our Southern California, Northern California, Seattle, Phoenix, Las Vegas, and Denver markets. |
PART I