filings.toolsLam Research 10-K 2015-06-28
Filed 2015-08-13. 21 sections, 386K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown · JSON
Cover and table of contents
10-K 1 d937085d10k.htm FORM 10-K
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| x | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
|---|
For the fiscal year ended June 28, 2015
OR
| ¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
|---|
For the transition period from to .
Commission file number: 0-12933
LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware | 94-2634797 | |
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
| 4650 Cushing Parkway Fremont, California | 94538 | |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (510) 572-0200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of class | Name of exchange on which registered | |
| Common Stock, Par Value $0.001 Per Share | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (NASDAQ Global Select Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ¨ No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
| Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The aggregate market value of the Registrant’s Common Stock, $0.001 par value, held by non-affiliates of the Registrant, as of December 28, 2014, the last business day of the most recently completed second fiscal quarter with respect to the fiscal year covered by this Form 10-K, was $8,838,403,605. Common Stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock has been excluded from this computation in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination of such status for other purposes.
As of August 5, 2015, the Registrant had 158,186,976 outstanding shares of Common Stock.
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Parts of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders expected to be held on or about November 4, 2015 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. (However, the Reports of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee are expressly not incorporated by reference herein.)
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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
2015 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PART I
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
With the exception of historical facts, the statements contained in this discussion are forward-looking statements, which are subject to the safe harbor provisions created by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Certain, but not all, of the forward-looking statements in this report are specifically identified as forward-looking, by use of phrases and words such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “may,” “should,” “could” and other future-oriented terms. The identification of certain statements as “forward-looking” is not intended to mean that other statements not specifically identified are not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements that relate to: trends and opportunities in the global economic environment and the semiconductor industry; the anticipated levels of, and rates of change in, future shipments, margins, market share, capital expenditures, international sales, revenue and operating expenses generally; management’s plans and objectives for our current and future operations and business focus; volatility in our quarterly results; customer requirements and our ability to satisfy those requirements; customer capital spending and their demand for our products, and the reliability of indicators of change in customer spending and demand; hedging transactions; our ability to defend our market share and to gain new market share; our ability to obtain and qualify alternative sources of supply; factors that affect our tax rates; anticipated growth in the industry and the total market for wafer fabrication equipment and our growth relative to such growth; levels of research and development expenditures and joint development relationships with customers, suppliers or other industry members; outsourced activities; the role of component suppliers in our business; the resources invested to comply with all evolving standards and the impact of such efforts; the estimates we make, and the accruals we record, in order to implement our critical accounting policies (including but not limited to the adequacy of prior tax payments, future tax liabilities and the adequacy of our accruals relating to them); our access to capital markets; our intention to pay quarterly dividends and the amounts thereof, if any ; our intention to repurchase our shares; our ability to manage and grow our cash position; and the sufficiency of our financial resources to support future business activities (including but not limited to operations, investments, debt service requirements and capital expenditures). Such statements are based on current expectations and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and changes in condition, significance, value, and effect, including without limitation those discussed below under the heading “Risk Factors” within Item 1A and elsewhere in this report and other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), such as our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended September 28, 2014, December 28, 2014 and March 29, 2015, and our current reports on Form 8-K. Such risks, uncertainties and changes in condition, significance, value, and effect could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in this report and in ways not readily foreseeable. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof and are based on information currently and reasonably known to us. We do not undertake any obligation to release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements, which may be made to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence or effect of anticipated or unanticipated events.
Item 1. Business
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Incorporated in 1980, Lam Research Corporation (“Lam Research,” “Lam,” “we,” “our,” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation, headquartered in Fremont, California. We maintain a network of facilities throughout Asia, Europe, and the United States of America in order to meet the needs of our dynamic customer base.
Additional information about Lam Research is available on our website at www.lamresearch.com.
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Forms 10-Q, Current Reports on Forms 8-K, and any amendments to those reports are available on our website as soon as reasonably practical after we file them with or furnish them to the SEC and are also available online at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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The Lam Research logo, Lam Research, and all product and service names used in this report are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Lam Research Corporation or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. All other marks mentioned herein are the property of their respective holders.
We are a global supplier of innovative wafer fabrication equipment and services to the semiconductor industry. We design, manufacture, market, refurbish, and service semiconductor processing systems that are used in the fabrication of integrated circuits (“ICs”). Our market-leading products are designed to help our customers build smaller, faster, more powerful, and more power-efficient devices that are used in a variety of electronic products, including cell phones, tablets, computers, storage devices, and networking equipment.
Our customer base includes leading semiconductor memory, foundry, and integrated device manufacturers (“IDMs”) that make products such as DRAM, NAND memory, and logic devices. Semiconductor manufacturing, our customers’ business, involves the complete fabrication of multiple die or ICs on a wafer. This involves the repetition of a set of core processes and can require hundreds of individual steps. On a silicon wafer, a tiny, intricate pattern is precisely replicated across the wafer surface to create identical miniature devices, where features can be 1,000 times smaller than a grain of sand. Fabricating these devices requires highly sophisticated process technologies and precision control at the atomic scale. Along with meeting technical requirements, wafer processing equipment must deliver high productivity and be cost-effective.
We leverage our expertise in semiconductor device processing to develop enabling technology and productivity solutions that typically benefit our customers through lower defect rates, enhanced yields, faster processing time, and/or reduced cost. We offer a broad portfolio of complementary products that are used in several areas of the semiconductor manufacturing process flow, including thin film deposition, plasma etch, and single-wafer clean. These processes, which are repeated numerous times during the wafer fabrication cycle, are utilized to manufacture every type of semiconductor device.
Our products are used primarily in front-end wafer processing, which involves the steps that create the active components of a device (transistor, capacitor) and their wiring (interconnect). Market demand for ever-smaller IC designs is driving the development of and migration to fabrication strategies such as three-dimensional (“3D”) architectures and multiple patterning. We also address processes for back-end wafer-level packaging (“WLP”), which is an alternative to traditional wire bonding and can offer a smaller form factor, increased interconnect speed and bandwidth, and lower power consumption, among other benefits. In addition, our products are well-suited for related markets that rely on semiconductor processes and require production-proven manufacturing capability, such as micro-electromechanical systems (“MEMS”).
Our high-productivity thin film deposition systems form a device’s sub-microscopic layers of conducting (metal) or insulating (dielectric) materials. We are the market leader in plasma etch, a highly critical process step that selectively removes materials from the wafer to create the features and patterns of a device. Our wet spin clean and plasma-based bevel clean products remove particles, residues and film from the wafer surface before or after adjacent processes.
Our Customer Support Business Group (“CSBG”) provides products and services to maximize installed equipment performance and operational efficiency. We offer a broad range of services to deliver value throughout the lifecycle of our equipment, including customer service, spares, upgrades, and refurbishment of our deposition, etch, and clean products. Many of the technical advances that we introduce in our newest products are also available as upgrades, which provide customers with a cost-effective strategy for extending the performance and capabilities of their existing wafer fabrication lines. CSBG also offers refurbished and newly built previous-generation (legacy) equipment for those applications that do not require the most advanced wafer processing capability.
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Products
Thin Film Deposition
In leading-edge semiconductor designs, metal deposition processes face significant scaling and integration challenges. For advanced copper interconnect structures, challenges for electrochemical deposition (“ECD”) include providing complete, void-free fill of high aspect ratio (“HAR”) structures with low defectivity and high productivity. Electroplating of copper and other metals is also used for through-silicon via (“TSV”) and WLP applications, such as forming conductive bumps and redistribution layers (“RDLs”). These applications require excellent within-wafer uniformity at high plating rates, minimal defects, and cost competitiveness. For tungsten chemical vapor deposition (“CVD”)/atomic layer deposition (“ALD”) processes, key requirements are minimizing contact resistance to meet lower power consumption requirements and achieving void-free fill for narrow nanoscale structures. In addition, good barrier step coverage at reduced thicknesses relative to physical vapor deposition/CVD barrier films is also needed to improve contact fill and reduce resistivity.
In dielectric deposition, high-productivity, high-quality films are needed for a number of critical process steps. For example, atomic layer deposition (“ALD”) is required for front-end-of-line (“FEOL”) transistor structures and back-end-of-line (“BEOL”) self-aligned multiple patterning schemes to deposit highly conformal and uniform films. Plasma-enhanced CVD (“PECVD”) is used to deposit multiple dielectric films, including the alternating mold stack layers used in 3D NAND memory. This application requires excellent thickness uniformity along with exceptional stress control. For gapfill deposition, achieving defect-free fills while maintaining high throughput is essential. Preferred approaches are to use high-density plasma CVD (“HDP-CVD”) either as a complete gapfill solution or as a cap over other gapfill technologies to enhance process control and mitigate integration risks. Lastly, innovative post-deposition film treatments such as ultraviolet thermal processing (“UVTP”) are being used to improve low-k film integrity and increase strain in nitride layers for improved device performance.
Copper Metal Films — SABRE® Product Family
The SABRE ECD product family is the industry’s productivity-leading platform for copper damascene manufacturing. Electrofill® technology provides high-throughput, void-free fill with superior defect density performance for advanced technology nodes. SABRE chemistry packages provide leading-edge fill performance for the lowest defectivity, widest process window, and highest rates of bottom-up growth to fill the most challenging HAR features. System capabilities include deposition of copper directly on various liner materials, important for next-generation metallization schemes. The number of yielding ICs per wafer is optimized by increasing the usable die area through industry-leading process edge exclusion engineering. Applications include copper deposition for both advanced logic and memory interconnect. We also offer the SABRE 3D system to address TSV and WLP applications, such as copper pillar, RDL, high-density fanout, underbump metallization, bumping, and microbumps used in post-TSV processing.
Tungsten Metal Films — ALTUS® Product Family
Our market-leading ALTUS systems deposit highly conformal atomic layer films for advanced tungsten metallization applications. The patented Multi-Station Sequential Deposition (“MSSD”) architecture enables a nucleation layer to be formed using Pulsed Nucleation Layer (“PNL”) technology and bulk CVD fill to be performed in the same chamber (“in situ”). PNL, our ALD technology, is used in the deposition of tungsten nitride films to achieve high step coverage with reduced thickness relative to conventional barrier films. PNL is also used to reduce thickness and alter CVD bulk fill grain growth, lowering the overall resistivity of thin tungsten films. The advanced ExtremeFill CVD tungsten technology provides extendibility to fill the most challenging structures at advanced technology nodes. Applications include tungsten plug and via fill, 3D NAND wordlines, low-stress composite interconnects, and tungsten nitride barrier for via and contact metallization.
PECVD Dielectric Films — VECTOR® Product Family
The VECTOR family of PECVD and ALD systems delivers superior thin film quality, wafer-to-wafer uniformity, productivity, and low cost of ownership. The MSSD architecture enables industry-leading performance with both sequential and parallel processing to provide flexibility for a range of applications. VECTOR products include
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specialized systems for logic and memory applications with multiple platform options. VECTOR Express offers a small footprint with four processing stations. VECTOR Excel is a modular tool for advanced technology nodes where pre-and-post film deposition treatments are needed. VECTOR Extreme accommodates up to 12 processing stations for high-throughput applications. VECTOR Q accommodates up to 16 processing stations for depositing multi-stack films. Applications include deposition of oxides, nitrides, and carbides for hardmasks; multiple patterning films; anti-reflective layers; multi-layer stack films; and diffusion barriers.
Gapfill Dielectric Films — SPEED® Product Family
The SPEED HDP-CVD products provide void-free gapfill of high-quality dielectric films with superior throughput and reliability. The unique source design provides excellent particle performance, while the ability to customize the deposition and in situ etching profile ensures best-of-breed across-wafer thickness and gapfill uniformity. Together, the chamber and plasma source designs allow large batch sizes between cleans and faster cleans to deliver superior throughput. Broad process flexibility is available on the same platform, without requiring major hardware changes. Applications include shallow trench isolation (“STI”), pre-metal dielectrics, inter-layer dielectrics, inter-metal dielectrics, and passivation layers.
Film Treatment — SOLA® Product Family
The SOLA UVTP product family is used for treatment of BEOL low-k dielectric films and FEOL silicon nitride strained films. The systems incorporate a proprietary treatment process that modifies the physical characteristics of a previously deposited film through exposure to ultraviolet light, gases and vapors, and heat. The Multi-Station Sequential Processing (“MSSP”) architecture allows independent control of temperature, wavelength, and intensity at each station of the wafer path. This enables delivery of best-in-class film properties, within-wafer and wafer-to-wafer uniformity, and productivity.
Plasma Etch
As the semiconductor industry continues to improve device performance and shrink critical feature sizes, plasma etch faces multiple challenges. These include processing smaller features, new materials, new transistor structures, increasingly complex film stacks, and ever higher aspect ratio structures. For conductor etch, requirements include delivering atomic-scale control for etching FinFET/3D gate transistors, multi–film stacks for high-k/metal gate structures, and multiple patterning structures. Dielectric etch processes must be able to maintain etch profiles on increasingly HAR structures such as in 3D NAND devices, etch new multi-layer photoresist materials and amorphous carbon hardmasks, and avoid damaging fragile low-k materials. In emerging 3D ICs, TSVs are now used to provide interconnect capability for die-to-die and wafer-to-wafer stacking. Critical factors for TSV are etching a variety of materials in situ, as well as being able to use both conventional and special techniques for deep silicon etching. For all etch processes, it is important to provide excellent profile control and across-wafer uniformity while maintaining high productivity and cost efficiency.
Conductor Etch — Kiyo® Product Family, Versys® Metal Product Family
The Kiyo product family delivers high-performance, high-productivity, low-risk solutions for conductor etch applications. Superior uniformity, uniformity control, and repeatability are enabled by a symmetrical chamber design, leading electrostatic chuck technology, and independent tuning features. The Kiyo products deliver high productivity with low defectivity on multi-film stacks, enabled by in situ etch capability, continuous plasma, and advanced Waferless Autoclean technology. In addition, Kiyo systems can be configured to perform atomic layer etching (“ALE”), which delivers atomic-scale variability control to enable next-generation wafer processing. Applications include FinFET gate, fin definition, STI, high-k/metal gate and multiple patterning. The Versys metal product family provides a flexible platform for BEOL metal etch processes. Symmetrical chamber design and independent tuning features provide critical dimension, profile uniformity, and uniformity control for metal hardmask applications. The products’ proprietary chamber cleaning technology ensures high availability, high
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yield, and exceptional process repeatability for BEOL processing. Applications include metal hardmask, multiple patterning, high-density aluminum line, and aluminum pad.
Dielectric Etch — Flex™ Product Family
The Flex product family offers differentiated technologies and application-focused capabilities for critical dielectric etch applications. Exceptional uniformity, repeatability, and tunability are enabled by a unique multi-frequency, small-volume, confined plasma design. The systems deliver high productivity with low defectivity, enabled by in situ multi-step etch and continuous plasma capability. Low-risk, cost-effective upgrades provide evolutionary product transitions that extend product life and maximize return on investment. Applications include low-k and ultra low-k dual damascene, self-aligned contacts, capacitor cell, mask open, 3D NAND HAR hole, trench, and contact.
TSV Etch — Syndion® Product Family
Based on our production-proven conductor etch products, the Syndion TSV etch family provides low-risk, flexible solutions to address multiple TSV etch applications. The Syndion products provide a low cost of ownership due to high etch rates, excellent repeatability, and in situ etching of multiple materials in the TSV stack (silicon, dielectrics, conducting films). The systems support both conventional single-step etch and rapidly alternating process (“RAP”). High process flexibility, superior profile control, and excellent uniformity enable successful TSV implementation for a variety of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor 3D IC and image sensor applications.
Single-Wafer Clean
Wafer cleaning is a critical function that must be repeated many times during the semiconductor manufacturing process, from device fabrication through packaging. As device geometries shrink and new materials are introduced, the number of cleaning steps continues to grow. Furthermore, each step has different selectivity and defectivity requirements that add to manufacturing complexity. For next-generation devices, fragile structures need to be cleaned without causing damage. In addition, cleaning steps that target the bevel region can help eliminate the potential source of yield-limiting defects at the wafer’s edge, as well as, increase the number of good die at the wafer’s edge to improve yield.
Wet Clean — EOS®, Da Vinci®, DV-Prime®, SP Series
The single-wafer spin technology pioneered the industry transition from batch to single-wafer wet processing. These production-proven spin wet clean systems provide the productivity and flexibility needed for both high-volume manufacturing and leading-edge development across multiple technology nodes and for all device types. The products deliver excellent process uniformity across the wafer, wafer-to-wafer, and lot-to-lot. Proprietary technologies enhance damage-free particle removal and enable wafer drying without pattern collapse or watermarks. Offering the latest in dilute chemistry and solvent systems, the products meet defectivity and material integrity requirements. Applications include particle, polymer, and residue removal; photoresist removal; and wafer backside/bevel cleaning and film removal. Our wet clean systems are also used for multiple wet etch and clean applications for WLP, including silicon substrate thinning, wafer stress relief, underbump metallization etch, and photoresist removal.
Plasma Bevel Clean — Coronus® Product Family
The Coronus plasma-based bevel clean products enhance die yield by removing particles, residues and unwanted films from the wafer’s edge that can impact the device area. The system combines the ability of plasma to selectively remove a wide variety of materials with a proprietary confinement technology that protects the die area. High system uptime and throughput, excellent process repeatability, and efficient in situ removal of multi-material film stacks and residues ensure high productivity for increased wafer output. Applications include post-etch, pre- and post-deposition, pre-lithography, and metal film removal to prevent arcing during plasma etch or deposition steps. It is also the most cost-effective bevel clean product that removes carbon-rich residues and films.
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Legacy Products
For applications that do not require the most advanced wafer processing capability, semiconductor manufacturers can benefit from the proven performance of previous-generation products to increase their production capacity at a reduced economic investment. Purchasing through an original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) like us minimizes the risks of unexpected costs and unpredictable time to production that are typically associated with used systems purchases. To meet semiconductor manufacturers’ needs for high-performance, maximum-predictability, and low-risk equipment, we provide refurbished and newly built legacy products. Our products also provide production-worthy, cost-effective solutions for the MEMS and light emitting diode (“LED”) markets.
Products Table
| Market | Process/Application | Technology | Products | |||
| Thin Film Deposition | Metal Films Dielectric Films Film Treatment | ECD (Copper & Other) CVD, ALD (Tungsten) PECVD, ALD Gapfill HDP-CVD UVTP | SABRE® family ALTUS® family VECTOR® family SPEED® family SOLA® family | |||
| Plasma Etch | Conductor Etch Dielectric Etch TSV Etch | Reactive Ion Etch Reactive Ion Etch Deep Reactive Ion Etch | Kiyo® family, Versys® Metal family Flex™ family Syndion® family | |||
| Single-Wafer Clean | Wafer Cleaning Bevel Cleaning | Wet Clean Dry Plasma Clean | EOS®, Da Vinci®, DV-Prime®, SP Series Coronus® family |
Fiscal Periods Presented
All references to fiscal years apply to our fiscal years, which ended June 28, 2015, June 29, 2014, and June 30, 2013.
Research and Development
The market for semiconductor capital equipment is characterized by rapid technological change and product innovation. Our ability to achieve and maintain our competitive advantage depends in part on our continued and timely development of new products and enhancements to existing products. Accordingly, we devote a significant portion of our personnel and financial resources to research and development (“R&D”) programs and seek to maintain close and responsive relationships with our customers and suppliers.
Our R&D expenses during fiscal years 2015, 2014, and 2013 were $825.2 million, $716.5 million, and $683.7 million, respectively. The majority of R&D spending over the past three years has been targeted at deposition, etch, single-wafer clean, and other semiconductor manufacturing products. We believe current challenges for customers at various points in the semiconductor manufacturing process present opportunities for us.
We expect to continue to make substantial investments in R&D to meet our customers’ product needs, support our growth strategy, and enhance our competitive position.
Marketing, Sales, and Service
Our marketing, sales, and service efforts are focused on building long-term relationships with our customers and targeting product and service solutions designed to meet their needs. These efforts are supported by a team of product marketing and sales professionals as well as equipment and process engineers who work closely with
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individual customers to develop solutions for their wafer processing needs. We maintain ongoing service relationships with our customers and have an extensive network of service engineers in place throughout the United States, Europe, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. We believe that comprehensive support programs and close working relationships with customers are essential to maintaining high customer satisfaction and our competitiveness in the marketplace.
We provide standard warranties for our systems. The warranty provides that systems shall be free from defects in material and workmanship and conform to agreed-upon specifications. The warranty is limited to repair of the defect or replacement with new or like-new equivalent goods and is valid when the buyer provides prompt notification within the warranty period of the claimed defect or non-conformity and also makes the items available for inspection and repair. We also offer extended warranty packages to our customers to purchase as desired.
International Sales
A significant portion of our sales and operations occur outside the United States and, therefore, may be subject to certain risks, including but not limited to tariffs and other barriers, difficulties in staffing and managing non-U.S. operations, adverse tax consequences, foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, changes in currency controls, compliance with U.S. and international laws and regulations, including U.S. export restrictions, and economic and political conditions. Any of these factors may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, and results of operations and cash flows. For geographical reporting, revenue is attributed to the geographic location in which the customers’ facilities are located. Revenue by region was as follows:
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Revenue: | ||||||||||||
| Korea | $ | 1,406,617 | $ | 1,127,406 | $ | 603,821 | ||||||
| Taiwan | 1,084,239 | 1,049,214 | 1,026,548 | |||||||||
| United States | 890,891 | 622,022 | 734,324 | |||||||||
| China | 661,094 | 623,408 | 319,282 | |||||||||
| Japan | 623,575 | 634,131 | 368,095 | |||||||||
| Europe | 314,546 | 303,730 | 292,432 | |||||||||
| Southeast Asia | 278,350 | 247,398 | 254,414 | |||||||||
| Total revenue | $ | 5,259,312 | $ | 4,607,309 | $ | 3,598,916 | ||||||
Long-Lived Assets
Refer to Note 19 of our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of this report, for information concerning the geographic locations of long-lived assets.
Customers
Our customers include all of the world’s leading semiconductor manufacturers. Customers continue to establish joint ventures, alliances and licensing arrangements which have the potential to positively or negatively impact our competitive position and market opportunities. In fiscal year 2015, three customers, Micron Technology, Inc., Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd., each individually represented greater than 10% of total revenues. In fiscal years 2014 and 2013, the customers individually representing greater than 10% of total assets were Samsung Electronics Company, Ltd., SK Hynix Inc., and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd.
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A material reduction in orders from our customers could adversely affect our results of operations and projected financial condition. Our business depends upon the expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers. Semiconductor manufacturers’ businesses, in turn, depend on many factors, including their economic capability, the current and anticipated market demand for ICs and the availability of equipment capacity to support that demand.
Backlog
In general, we schedule production of our systems based upon our customers’ delivery requirements and forecasts. In order for a system to be included in our backlog, the following conditions must be met: 1) we have received a written customer request that has been accepted, 2) we have an agreement on prices and product specifications, and 3) there is a scheduled shipment within the next 12 months. In order for spares and services to be included in our backlog, the following conditions must be met: 1) we have received a written customer request that has been accepted and 2) delivery of products or provision of services is anticipated within the next 12 months. Where specific spare parts and customer service purchase contracts do not contain discrete delivery dates, we use volume estimates at the contract price and over the contract period, not to exceed 12 months, in calculating backlog amounts. Our policy is to revise our backlog for order cancellations and to make adjustments to reflect, among other things, changes in spares volume estimates and customer delivery date changes. As of June 28, 2015 and June 29, 2014, our backlog was $880 million and $866 million, respectively. Generally, orders for our products and services are subject to cancellation by our customers with limited penalties. Because some orders are received and shipped in the same quarter and because customers may change delivery dates and cancel orders, our backlog at any particular date is not necessarily indicative of business volumes or actual revenue levels for succeeding periods.
Manufacturing
Our manufacturing operations mainly consist of assembling and testing components, sub-assemblies, and modules that are then integrated into finished systems prior to shipment to or at the location of our customers. Most of the assembly and testing of our products is conducted in cleanroom environments.
We have agreements with third parties to outsource certain aspects of our manufacturing, production warehousing, and logistics functions. We believe that these outsourcing contracts provide us more flexibility to scale our operations up or down in a timely and cost effective manner, enabling us to respond quickly to any changes in our business. We believe that we have selected reputable providers and have secured their performance on terms documented in written contracts. However, it is possible that one or more of these providers could fail to perform as we expect, and such failure could have an adverse impact on our business and have a negative effect on our operating results and financial condition. Overall, we believe we have effective mechanisms to manage risks associated with our outsourcing relationships. Refer to Note 16 of our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of this report, for further information concerning our outsourcing commitments.
Certain components and sub-assemblies that we include in our products may only be obtained from a single supplier. We believe that, in many cases, we could obtain and qualify alternative sources to supply these products. Nevertheless, any prolonged inability to obtain these components could have an adverse effect on our operating results and could unfavorably impact our customer relationships.
Environmental Matters
We are subject to a variety of governmental regulations related to the management of hazardous materials that we use in our business operations. We are currently not aware of any pending notices of violations, fines, lawsuits, or investigations arising from environmental matters that would have a material effect on our business. We believe that we are generally in compliance with these regulations and that we have obtained (or will obtain or are otherwise addressing) all necessary environmental permits to conduct our business. Nevertheless, the failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in fines being imposed on us, require us to suspend production or cease operations or cause our customers to not accept our products. These regulations could
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require us to alter our current operations, to acquire significant additional equipment, or to incur substantial other expenses to comply with environmental regulations. Our failure to control the use, sale, transport, or disposal of hazardous substances could subject us to future liabilities.
Employees
As of August 6, 2015, we had approximately 7,300 regular employees globally. Although we have employment-related agreements with a number of key employees, these agreements do not guarantee continued service. Each of our employees is required to comply with our policies relating to maintaining the confidentiality of our non-public information.
In the semiconductor and semiconductor equipment industries, competition for highly skilled employees is intense. Our future success depends, to a significant extent, upon our continued ability to attract and retain qualified employees particularly in the R&D and customer support functions.
Competition
The semiconductor capital equipment industry is characterized by rapid change and is highly competitive throughout the world. To compete effectively, we invest significant financial resources to continue to strengthen and enhance our product and services portfolio and to maintain customer service and support locations globally. Semiconductor manufacturers evaluate capital equipment suppliers in many areas, including, but not limited to, process performance, productivity, defect control, customer support, and overall cost of ownership, which can be affected by many factors such as equipment design, reliability, software advancements, and similar factors. Our ability to succeed in the marketplace depends upon our ability to maintain existing products and introduce product enhancements and new products that meet customer requirements on a timely basis. In addition, semiconductor manufacturers must make a substantial investment to qualify and integrate new capital equipment into semiconductor production lines. As a result, once a semiconductor manufacturer has selected a particular supplier’s equipment and qualified it for production, the manufacturer generally maintains that selection for that specific production application and technology node as long as the supplier’s products demonstrate performance to specification in the installed base. Accordingly, we may experience difficulty in selling to a given customer if that customer has qualified a competitor’s equipment. We must also continue to meet the expectations of our installed base of customers through the delivery of high-quality and cost-efficient spare parts in the presence of third-party spare parts provider competition.
We face significant competition with all of our products and services. Our primary competitor in the tungsten CVD, PECVD, HDP-CVD, ECD and PVD markets, is Applied Materials, Inc. In the PECVD market, we also compete against ASM International and Wonik IPS. In the etch market, our primary competitors are Tokyo Electron, Ltd. and Applied Materials, Inc. Our primary competitors in the single-wafer wet clean market are Screen Holding Co., Ltd.; Semes Co., Ltd.; and Tokyo Electron, Ltd.
Certain of our existing and potential competitors have substantially greater financial resources and larger engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and customer service and support organizations than we do. In addition, we face competition from a number of emerging companies in the industry. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the design and performance of their current products and processes, to introduce new products and processes with enhanced price/performance characteristics and to provide more comprehensive offerings of products. If our competitors make acquisitions or enter into strategic relationships with leading semiconductor manufacturers, or other entities, covering products similar to those we sell, our ability to sell our products to those customers could be adversely affected. There can be no assurance that we will continue to compete successfully in the future.
Patents and Licenses
Our policy is to seek patents on inventions relating to new or enhanced products and processes developed as part of our ongoing research, engineering, manufacturing, and support activities. We currently hold a number of United States and foreign patents covering various aspects of our products and processes. We believe that the duration
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of our patents generally exceeds the useful life of the technologies and processes disclosed and claimed in them. Our patents, which cover material aspects of our past and present core products, have current durations ranging from approximately one to twenty years. We believe that, although the patents we own and may obtain in the future will be of value, they alone will not determine our success. Our success depends principally upon our research and development, engineering, marketing, support, and delivery skills. However, in the absence of patent protection, we may be vulnerable to competitors who attempt to imitate our products, manufacturing techniques, and processes. In addition, other companies and inventors may receive patents that contain claims applicable or similar to our products and processes. The sale of products covered by patents of others could require licenses that may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all. For further discussion of legal matters, see Item 3, “Legal Proceedings,” of this report.
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY
As of August 13, 2015, the executive officers of Lam Research were as follows:
| Name | Age | Title | ||
| Martin B. Anstice | 48 | President and Chief Executive Officer | ||
| Timothy M. Archer | 48 | Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer | ||
| Douglas R. Bettinger | 48 | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer | ||
| Richard A. Gottscho | 63 | Executive Vice President, Global Products Group | ||
| Sarah A. O’Dowd | 65 | Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary |
Martin B. Anstice has been our President and Chief Executive Officer since January 2012. Mr. Anstice joined us in April 2001 as Senior Director, Operations Controller; was promoted to the position of Managing Director and Corporate Controller in May 2002; and was promoted to Group Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer in June 2004. He was appointed Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer in September 2008 and President in December 2010. Prior to joining us, he held various finance positions from 1988 to 1999 at Raychem Corporation, a global materials science company. Subsequent to the acquisition of Raychem by Tyco International, a global provider of engineered electronic components, network solutions and wireless systems, he assumed responsibilities supporting mergers and acquisition activities of Tyco Electronics. Mr. Anstice is an Associate member of the Institute of Chartered Management Accountants in the United Kingdom
Timothy M. Archer joined us in June 2012 as our Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer. Prior to joining us, he spent 18 years at Novellus Systems in various technology development and business leadership roles, including most recently as Chief Operating Officer from January 2011 to June 2012, Executive Vice President Worldwide Sales, Marketing, and Customer Satisfaction from September 2009 to January 2011, and Executive Vice President of the PECVD and Electrofill Business Units from November 2008 to September 2009. His tenure at Novellus Systems also included assignments as Senior Director of Technology for Novellus Systems Japan from 1999 to 2001 and Senior Director of Technology for the Electrofill Business Unit from April 2001 to April 2002. He started his career in 1989 at Tektronix where he was responsible for process development for high-speed bipolar ICs. Mr. Archer completed the Program for Management Development at Harvard Graduate School of Business and holds a B.S. degree in Applied Physics from the California Institute of Technology.
Douglas R. Bettinger is our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining us in March 2013, he served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Avago Technologies from August 2008 to February 2013. From 2007 to 2008, he served as Vice President of Finance and Corporate Controller at Xilinx, Inc., and from 2004 to 2007, he was Chief Financial Officer at 24/7 Customer, a privately held company. He worked at Intel Corporation from 1993 to 2004, where he held several senior-level finance and manufacturing operations positions, including Corporate Planning and Reporting Controller and Malaysia Site Operations Controller. Mr. Bettinger earned a M.B.A. degree in finance from the University of Michigan and has a B.S. degree in economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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Richard A. Gottscho is our Executive Vice President, Global Products Group, a position he has held since August 2010. Prior to that time, he had been Group Vice President and General Manager, Etch Businesses since March 2007. He joined us in January 1996 and has served at various Director and Vice President levels in support of etch products, CVD products, and corporate research. Prior to joining us, he was a member of Bell Laboratories for 15 years where he started his career working in plasma processing. During his tenure at Bell, he headed research departments in electronics materials, electronics packaging, and flat panel displays. He is the author of numerous papers, patents, and lectures in plasma processing and process control. He is a recipient of the American Vacuum Society’s Peter Mark Memorial Award and Plasma Science and Technology Division Prize, the Gaseous Electronics Conference Foundation Lecturer, the Dry Process Symposium Nishizawa Award, and the Tegal Thinker Award. He is a fellow of the American Physical and American Vacuum Societies and has served on numerous editorial boards of refereed technical publications, program committees for major conferences in plasma science and engineering, and was vice-chair of a National Research Council study on plasma science in the 1980s. Dr. Gottscho earned Ph.D. and B.S. degrees in physical chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Pennsylvania State University, respectively.
Sarah A. O’Dowd is our Senior Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Secretary. She joined us in September 2008 as Group Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, responsible for general legal matters, intellectual property and ethics & compliance. In addition to her Legal function, in April 2009 she was appointed Vice President of Human Resources and served in this dual capacity from April 2009 through May 2012. Prior to joining us, she was Vice President and General Counsel for FibroGen, Inc. from February 2007 until September 2008. Until February 2007, Ms. O’Dowd was a shareholder in the law firm of Heller Ehrman LLP for more than 20 years, practicing in the areas of corporate securities, governance and mergers and acquisitions for a variety of clients, principally publicly traded high technology companies. She served in a variety of leadership and management roles at Heller Ehrman, including Managing Partner of the Silicon Valley and San Diego offices, member of the firm’s Policy Committee and, as head of the firm’s business practice groups, a member of the firm’s Executive Committee. Ms. O’Dowd earned her J.D. and M.A. in communications from Stanford Law School and Stanford University, respectively, and her B.A. degree in mathematics from Immaculata College.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
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In addition to the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“2015 Form 10-K”), the following risk factors should be carefully considered in evaluating the Company and its business because such factors may significantly impact our business, operating results, and financial condition. As a result of these risk factors, as well as other risks discussed in our other SEC filings, our actual results could differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements. No priority or significance is intended, nor should be attached, to the order in which the risk factors appear.
The Semiconductor Capital Equipment Industry is Subject to Variability and, as a Result, We Face Risks Related to Our Strategic Resource Allocation Decisions
Despite the recent reduction in cyclicality, the semiconductor capital equipment industry has historically been characterized by rapid changes in demand. The industry environment has moved toward an environment more characterized by variability across segments and customers accentuated by consolidation within the industry. Variability in our customers’ business plans may lead to changes in demand for our equipment and services which could negatively impact our results. The variability in our customers’ investments during any particular period is dependent on several factors including but not limited to electronics demand, economic conditions (both general and in the semiconductor and electronics industries), industry supply and demand, prices for semiconductors, and our customers’ ability to develop and manufacture increasingly complex and costly semiconductor devices. The changes in demand may require our management to adjust spending and other resources allocated to operating activities.
During periods of rapid growth or decline in demand for our products and services, we face significant challenges in maintaining adequate financial and business controls, management processes, information systems, procedures for training and managing our work force, and in appropriately sizing our supply chain infrastructure,
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work force, and other components of our business on a timely basis. If we do not adequately meet these challenges during periods of demand decline, our gross margins and earnings may be negatively impacted.
We continuously reassess our strategic resource allocation choices in response to the changing business environment. If we do not adequately adapt to the changing business environment, we may lack the infrastructure and resources to scale up our business to meet customer expectations and compete successfully during a period of growth, or we may expand our capacity too rapidly and/or beyond what is appropriate for the actual demand environment.
Especially during transitional periods, resource allocation decisions can have a significant impact on our future performance, particularly if we have not accurately anticipated industry changes. Our success will depend, to a significant extent, on the ability of our executive officers and other members of our senior management to identify and respond to these challenges effectively.
Future Declines in the Semiconductor Industry, and the Overall World Economic Conditions on Which it is Significantly Dependent, Could Have a Material Adverse Impact on Our Results of Operations and Financial Condition
Our business depends on the capital equipment expenditures of semiconductor manufacturers, which in turn depend on the current and anticipated market demand for ICs. With the consolidation of customers within the industry the semiconductor capital equipment market may experience rapid changes in demand driven both by changes in the market generally and the plans and requirements of particular customers. Global economic and business conditions, which are often unpredictable, have historically impacted customer demand for our products and normal commercial relationships with our customers, suppliers, and creditors. Additionally, in times of economic uncertainty our customers’ budgets for our products, or their ability to access credit to purchase them, could be adversely affected. This would limit their ability to purchase our products and services. As a result, economic downturns can cause material adverse changes to our results of operations and financial condition including, but not limited to:
| • | a decline in demand for our products or services; |
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| • | an increase in reserves on accounts receivable due to our customers’ inability to pay us; |
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| • | an increase in reserves on inventory balances due to excess or obsolete inventory as a result of our inability to sell such inventory; |
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| • | valuation allowances on deferred tax assets; |
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| • | restructuring charges; |
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| • | asset impairments including the potential impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets; |
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| • | a decline in the value of our investments; |
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| • | exposure to claims from our suppliers for payment on inventory that is ordered in anticipation of customer purchases that do not come to fruition; |
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| • | a decline in the value of certain facilities we lease to less than our residual value guarantee with the lessor; and |
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| • | challenges maintaining reliable and uninterrupted sources of supply. |
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Fluctuating levels of investment by semiconductor manufacturers may materially affect our aggregate shipments, revenues, operating results, and earnings. Where appropriate, we will attempt to respond to these fluctuations with cost management programs aimed at aligning our expenditures with anticipated revenue streams, which sometimes result in restructuring charges. Even during periods of reduced revenues, we must continue to invest in R&D and maintain extensive ongoing worldwide customer service and support capabilities to remain competitive, which may temporarily harm our profitability and other financial results.
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Our Quarterly Revenues and Operating Results Are Variable
Our revenues and operating results may fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors, not all of which are in our control. We manage our expense levels based in part on our expectations of future revenues. Because our operating expenses are based in part on anticipated future revenues, and a certain amount of those expenses are relatively fixed, a change in the timing of recognition of revenue and/or the level of gross profit from a small number of transactions can unfavorably affect operating results in a particular quarter. Factors that may cause our financial results to fluctuate unpredictably include, but are not limited to:
| • | economic conditions in the electronics and semiconductor industries in general and specifically the semiconductor equipment industry; |
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| • | the size and timing of orders from customers; |
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| • | Consolidation of the customer base may result in the investment decisions of one customer or market to having a significant effect on demand for our products or services; |
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| • | procurement shortages; |
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| • | the failure of our suppliers or outsource providers to perform their obligations in a manner consistent with our expectations; |
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| • | manufacturing difficulties; |
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| • | customer cancellations or delays in shipments, installations, and/or customer acceptances; |
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| • | the extent that customers continue to purchase and use our products and services in their business; |
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| • | our customers’ reuse of existing and installed products, to the extent that such reuse decreases their need to purchase new products or services; |
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| • | changes in average selling prices, customer mix, and product mix; |
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| • | our ability in a timely manner to develop, introduce and market new, enhanced, and competitive products; |
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| • | our competitors’ introduction of new products; |
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| • | legal or technical challenges to our products and technology; |
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| • | transportation, communication, demand, information technology or supply disruptions based on factors outside our control such as strikes, acts of God, wars, terrorist activities, and natural or man-made disasters; |
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| • | legal, tax, accounting, or regulatory changes (including but not limited to change in import/export regulations) or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing requirements; |
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| • | changes in our estimated effective tax rate; |
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| • | foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations; and |
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| • | convertibility and the dilutive impact of our Convertible Notes and related warrants on our earnings per share. |
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We May Incur Impairments to Goodwill or Long-Lived Assets
We review our long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets, for impairment annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be recoverable. Negative industry or economic trends, including reduced market prices of our Common Stock, reduced estimates of future cash flows, disruptions to our business, slower growth rates, or lack of growth in our relevant business units, could lead to impairment charges against our long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangible assets. If, in any period, our stock price decreases to the point where our fair value, as determined by our market capitalization, is less than the book value of our assets, this could also indicate a potential impairment, and we may be required to record an impairment charge in that period, which could adversely affect our result of operations. During the 2015 fiscal year, our goodwill and long-lived asset impairment assessments resulted in an impairment charge of $79.4 million associated with the single-wafer clean reporting unit and $9.8 million related to an intangible asset.
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Our valuation methodology for assessing impairment requires management to make judgments and assumptions based on historical experience and to rely heavily on projections of future operating performance. We operate in a highly competitive environment and projections of future operating results and cash flows may vary significantly from actual results. Additionally, if our analysis indicates potential impairment to goodwill in one or more of our business units, we may be required to record additional charges to earnings in our financial statements, which could negatively affect our results of operations.
Our Leverage and Debt Service Obligations and Potential Note Conversion or Related Hedging Activities May Adversely Affect Our Financial Condition, Results of Operations and Earnings Per Share
As a result of the issuance of our 2020 and 2025 Senior Notes, our 2016 and 2018 Convertible Notes, and the assumption of the 2041 Convertible Notes in connection with our acquisition of Novellus Systems, Inc. (collectively the “Notes”), we have a greater amount of debt than we have maintained in the past. Furthermore, in March 2014, we entered into an unsecured credit agreement providing us with the ability to borrow up to $300 million (and, under certain circumstances, to increase such availability to $500 million). We may, in the future, decide to borrow amounts under this facility, or to enter into additional debt arrangements.
In addition, we have entered, and in the future may enter, into derivative instrument arrangements to hedge against the variability of cash flows due to changes in the benchmark interest rate of fixed rate debt. We could be exposed to losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to our derivative instruments.
Our maintenance of higher levels of indebtedness could have adverse consequences including:
| • | increased risk associated with any inability to satisfy our obligations; |
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| • | increasing the portion of our cash flows that may have to be dedicated to interest and principal payments and may not be available for operations, working capital, capital expenditures, expansion, acquisitions or general corporate or other purposes; and |
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| • | impairing our ability to obtain additional financing in the future. |
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Our ability to meet our expenses and debt obligations will depend on our future performance, which will be affected by financial, business, economic, regulatory, and other factors. Furthermore, our operations may not generate sufficient cash flows to enable us to meet our expenses and service our debt. As a result, we may need to enter into new financing arrangements to obtain the necessary funds. If we determine it is necessary to seek additional funding for any reason, we may not be able to obtain such funding or, if funding is available, obtain it on acceptable terms. If we fail to make a payment on our debt, we could be in default on such debt, and this default could cause us to be in default on our other outstanding indebtedness.
Conversion of our Convertible Notes and resulting exercise of the related warrants may cause dilution to our stockholders and to our earnings per share. The number of shares of our Common Stock into which the Convertible Notes are convertible for and the related warrants are exercisable for may be adjusted from time to time, including increases in such rates as a result of dividends that we pay to our stockholders. Upon conversion of any Convertible Notes, we will deliver cash in the amount of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes and, with respect to any excess conversion value greater than the principal amount of the Convertible Notes, shares of our Common Stock, which would result in dilution to our stockholders. This dilution may be mitigated to some extent by the hedging transactions we entered into in connection with the sale of the 2016 and 2018 Notes or through share repurchases. Prior to the maturity of the Convertible Notes, if the price of our Common Stock exceeds the conversion price, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that we report an increase in diluted share count, which would result in lower reported earnings per share. The price of our Common Stock could also be affected by sales of our Common Stock by investors who view the Convertible Notes as a more attractive means of equity participation in our company and also by hedging activity that may develop involving our Common Stock by holders of the Convertible Notes.
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Our Credit Agreements Contain Covenant Restrictions That May Limit Our Ability To Operate Our Business.
We may be unable to respond to changes in business and economic conditions, engage in transactions that might otherwise be beneficial to us, or obtain additional financing, because our debt agreements contain, and any of our other future similar agreements may contain, covenant restrictions that limit our ability to, among other things:
| • | incur additional debt, assume obligations in connection with letters of credit, or issue guarantees; |
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| • | create liens; |
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| • | enter into transactions with our affiliates; |
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| • | sell certain assets; and |
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| • | merge or consolidate with any person. |
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Our ability to comply with these covenants is dependent on our future performance, which will be subject to many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including prevailing economic conditions. In addition, our failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under the Senior Notes, the Convertible Notes or our other debt, which could permit the holders to accelerate such debt. If any of our debt is accelerated, we may not have sufficient funds available to repay such debt, which could materially and negatively affect our financial condition and results of operation.
We Have a Limited Number of Key Customers
Sales to a limited number of large customers constitute a significant portion of our overall revenue, shipments, cash flows, collections, and profitability. For the years ended June 29, 2015, June 28, 2014 and June 30, 2013, three customers accounted for 51%, 52%, and 45% of total revenue, respectively. As a result, the actions of even one customer may subject us to variability in those areas that are difficult to predict. In addition, large customers may be able to negotiate requirements that result in decreased pricing; increased costs and/or lower margins for us; compliance to specific environmental, social and corporate governance standards; and limitations on our ability to share jointly developed technology with others. Similarly, significant portions of our credit risk may, at any given time, be concentrated among a limited number of customers, so that the failure of even one of these key customers to pay its obligations to us could significantly impact our financial results.
We Depend on Creating New Products and Processes and Enhancing Existing Products and Processes for Our Success. Consequently, We are Subject to Risks Associated with Rapid Technological Change
Rapid technological changes in semiconductor manufacturing processes subject us to increased pressure to develop technological advances that enable those processes. We believe that our future success depends in part upon our ability to develop and offer new products with improved capabilities and to continue to enhance our existing products. If new products or existing products have reliability, quality, design, or safety problems, our performance may be impacted by reduced orders, higher manufacturing costs, delays in acceptance of and payment for new products, and additional service and warranty expenses. We may be unable to develop and manufacture products successfully, or products that we introduce may fail in the marketplace. For over 25 years the primary driver of technology advancement in the semiconductor industry has been to shrink the lithography that prints the circuit design on semiconductor chips. That driver could be approaching its technological limit, leading semiconductor manufacturers to investigate more complex changes in multiple technologies in an effort to continue technology development. In the face of uncertainty on which technology solutions will become successful, we will need to focus our efforts on developing the technology changes that are ultimately successful in supporting our customer requirements. Our failure to develop and offer the correct technology solutions in a timely manner with productive and cost-effective products could adversely affect our business in a material way. Our failure to commercialize new products in a timely manner could result in loss of market share, unanticipated costs, and inventory obsolescence, which would adversely affect our financial results.
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In order to develop new products and processes and enhance existing products and processes, we expect to continue to make significant investments in R&D and to pursue joint development relationships with customers, suppliers, or other members of the industry. We must manage product transitions and joint development relationships successfully, as the introduction of new products could adversely affect our sales of existing products and certain jointly developed technologies may be subject to restrictions on our ability to share that technology with other customers, which could limit our market for products incorporating those technologies. Future technologies, processes or product developments may render our current product offerings obsolete, leaving us with non-competitive products, or obsolete inventory, or both. Moreover, customers may adopt new technologies or processes to address the complex challenges associated with next generation devices. This shift may result in a reduction in the size of our addressable markets or could increase the relative size of markets in which we either do not compete or have relatively low market share.
We are Subject to Risks Relating to Product Concentration and Lack of Product Revenue Diversification
We derive a substantial percentage of our revenues from a limited number of products. System sales constitute a significant portion of our total revenue. Our systems are priced up to approximately $9 million per system, and our revenues in any given quarter are dependent upon customer acceptance of a limited number of systems. As a result, the inability to recognize revenue on even a few systems can cause a significantly adverse impact on our revenues for a given quarter, and, in the longer term, the continued market acceptance of these products is critical to our future success. Our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows could therefore be adversely affected by:
| • | a decline in demand for even a limited number of our products; |
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| • | a failure to achieve continued market acceptance of our key products; |
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| • | export restrictions or other regulatory or legislative actions that could limit our ability to sell those products to key customers or customers within certain markets; |
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| • | an improved version of products being offered by a competitor in the markets in which we participate; |
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| • | increased pressure from competitors that offer broader product lines; |
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| • | technological changes that we are unable to address with our products; or |
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| • | a failure to release new or enhanced versions of our products on a timely basis. |
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In addition, the fact that we offer limited product lines creates the risk that our customers may view us as less important to their business than our competitors that offer additional products. This may impact our ability to maintain or expand our business with certain customers. Such product concentration may also subject us to additional risks associated with technology changes. Our business is affected by our customers’ use of our products in certain steps in their wafer fabrication processes. Should technologies change so that the manufacture of semiconductors requires fewer steps using our products, this could have a larger impact on our business than it would on the business of our less concentrated competitors.
Strategic Alliances and Customer Consolidation May Have Negative Effects on Our Business
Increasingly, semiconductor manufacturing companies are entering into strategic alliances or consolidating with one another to expedite the development of processes and other manufacturing technologies and/or achieve economies of scale. The outcomes of such an alliance can be the definition of a particular tool set for a certain function and/or the standardization of a series of process steps that use a specific set of manufacturing equipment; while the outcomes of consolidation can lead to an overall reduction in the market for semiconductor manufacturing equipment as customers’ operations achieve economies of scale and/or increased purchasing power based on their higher volumes. In certain instances, this could work to our disadvantage if a competitor’s tools or equipment become the standard equipment for such functions or processes. Additional outcomes of such consolidation may include our customers re-evaluating their future supplier relationships to consider other competitors’ products and/or gaining additional influence over the pricing of products and the control of intellectual property.
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Similarly, our customers may partner with, or follow the lead of, educational or research institutions that establish processes for accomplishing various tasks or manufacturing steps. If those institutions utilize a competitor’s equipment when they establish those processes, it is likely that customers will tend to use the same equipment in setting up their own manufacturing lines. Even if they select our equipment, the institutions and the customers that follow their lead could impose conditions on acceptance of that equipment, such as adherence to standards and requirements or limitations on how we license our proprietary rights that increase our costs or require us to take on greater risk. These actions could adversely impact our market share and financial results.
We Depend On a Limited Number of Key Suppliers and Outsource Providers, and We Run the Risk That They Might Not Perform as We Expect
Outsource providers and component suppliers have played and will continue to play a key role in our manufacturing operations and in many of our transactional and administrative functions, such as information technology, facilities management, and certain elements of our finance organization. These providers and suppliers might suffer financial setbacks, be acquired by third parties, become subject to exclusivity arrangements that preclude further business with us or be unable to meet our requirements or expectation due to their independent business decisions, or force majeure events that could interrupt or impair their continued ability to perform as we expect.
Although we attempt to select reputable providers and suppliers, and we attempt to secure their performance on terms documented in written contracts, it is possible that one or more of these providers or suppliers could fail to perform as we expect, or fail to secure or protect intellectual property rights, and such failure could have an adverse impact on our business. In some cases, the requirements of our business mandate that we obtain certain components and sub-assemblies included in our products from a single supplier or a limited group of suppliers. Where practical, we endeavor to establish alternative sources to mitigate the risk that the failure of any single provider or supplier will adversely affect our business, but this is not feasible in all circumstances. There is therefore a risk that a prolonged inability to obtain certain components or secure key services could impair our ability to manage operations, ship products and generate revenues, which could adversely affect our operating results and damage our customer relationships.
We Face Risks Related to the Disruption of Our Primary Manufacturing Facilities
Our manufacturing facilities are concentrated in just a few locations. These locations are subject to disruption for a variety of reasons such as natural or man-made disasters, terrorist activities, disruptions of our information technology resources, and utility interruptions. Such disruptions may cause delays in shipping our products which could result in the loss of business or customer trust, adversely affecting our business and operating results.
Once a Semiconductor Manufacturer Commits to Purchase a Competitor’s Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment, the Manufacturer Typically Continues to Purchase that Competitor’s Equipment, Making it More Difficult for Us to Sell Our Equipment to that Customer
Semiconductor manufacturers must make a substantial investment to qualify and integrate wafer processing equipment into a semiconductor production line. We believe that once a semiconductor manufacturer selects a particular supplier’s processing equipment, the manufacturer generally relies upon that equipment for that specific production line application for an extended period of time, especially if customers are more focused on tool re-use than in the past. Accordingly, we expect it to be more difficult to sell our products to a given customer if that customer initially selects a competitor’s equipment for the same product line application.
We Face a Challenging and Complex Competitive Environment
We face significant competition from multiple competitors and with increased consolidation efforts in our industry we may face increasing competitive pressures. Other companies continue to develop systems and products that are competitive to ours and may introduce new products, which may affect our ability to sell our existing products.
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We face a greater risk if our competitors enter into strategic relationships with leading semiconductor manufacturers covering products similar to those we sell or may develop, as this could adversely affect our ability to sell products to those manufacturers.
We believe that to remain competitive we must devote significant financial resources to offer a broad range of products, to maintain customer service and support centers worldwide, and to invest in product and process R&D. Certain of our competitors, including those that are created and financially backed by foreign governments, have substantially greater financial resources and more extensive engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and customer service and support resources than we do and therefore have the potential to offer customers a more comprehensive array of products and to therefore achieve additional relative success in the semiconductor equipment industry. These competitors may deeply discount or give away products similar to those that we sell, challenging or even exceeding our ability to make similar accommodations and threatening our ability to sell those products. We also face competition from our own customers, who in some instances have established affiliated entities that manufacture equipment similar to ours. For these reasons, we may fail to continue to compete successfully worldwide.
In addition, our competitors may be able to develop products comparable or superior to those we offer or may adapt more quickly to new technologies or evolving customer requirements. In particular, while we continue to develop product enhancements that we believe will address future customer requirements, we may fail in a timely manner to complete the development or introduction of these additional product enhancements successfully, or these product enhancements may not achieve market acceptance or be competitive. Accordingly, competition may intensify, and we may be unable to continue to compete successfully in our markets, which could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, operating results, financial condition, and/or cash flows.
Our Future Success Depends Heavily on International Sales and the Management of Global Operations
Non-U.S. sales accounted for approximately 83%, 86%, and 80% of total revenue in fiscal years 2015, 2014, and 2013, respectively. We expect that international sales will continue to account for a substantial majority of our total revenue in future years.
We are subject to various challenges related to international sales and the management of global operations including, but not limited to:
| • | trade balance issues; |
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| • | tariffs and other barriers; |
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| • | global or national economic and political conditions; |
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| • | changes in currency controls; |
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| • | differences in the enforcement of intellectual property and contract rights in varying jurisdictions; |
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| • | our ability to respond to customer and foreign government demands for locally sourced systems, spare parts and services and develop the necessary relationships with local suppliers; |
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| • | compliance with U.S. and international laws and regulations affecting foreign operations; including U.S. and international trade restrictions and sanctions, anti-bribery, anti-corruption, environmental, and labor laws; |
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| • | fluctuations in interest and foreign currency exchange rates; |
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| • | our ability to repatriate cash in a tax-efficient manner; |
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| • | the need for technical support resources in different locations; and |
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| • | our ability to secure and retain qualified people, and effectively manage people, in all necessary locations for the successful operation of our business. |
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Certain international sales depend on our ability to obtain export licenses from the U.S. government. Our failure or inability to obtain such licenses would substantially limit our markets and severely restrict our revenues. Many of
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the challenges noted above are applicable in China, which is a fast developing market for the semiconductor equipment industry and therefore an area of potential significant growth for our business. As the business volume between China and the rest of the world grows, there is inherent risk, based on the complex relationships among China, Taiwan, Japan, South Korea, and the United States, that political and diplomatic influences might lead to trade disruptions. This would adversely affect our business with China, Taiwan, Japan, and/or South Korea and perhaps the entire Asia Pacific region. A significant trade disruption in these areas could have a materially adverse impact on our future revenue and profits. In addition, there are risks that the Chinese government may, among other things: insist on the use of local suppliers; compel companies that do business in China to partner with local companies to design and supply equipment on a local basis, requiring the transfer of intellectual property rights and/or local manufacturing; and provide special incentives to government-backed local customers to buy from local competitors, even if their products are inferior to ours; all of which could adversely impact our revenues and margins.
We are exposed to potentially adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. The majority of our sales and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations primarily related to revenues denominated in Japanese yen and expenses denominated in euro and Korean won. Currently, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the short-term impact of the foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency monetary assets and liabilities; primarily third party accounts receivables, accounts payables and intercompany receivables and payables. In addition, we hedge certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows, primarily anticipated revenues denominated in Japanese yen and euro-denominated and Korean won-denominated expenses. We believe these are our primary exposures to currency rate fluctuation. We expect to continue to enter into hedging transactions, for the purposes outlined, for the foreseeable future. However, these hedging transactions may not achieve their desired effect because differences between the actual timing of the underlying exposures and our forecasts of those exposures may leave us either over-or under-hedged on any given transaction. Moreover, by hedging these foreign currency denominated revenues, expenses, monetary assets and liabilities with foreign currency forward contracts, we may miss favorable currency trends that would have been advantageous to us but for the hedges. Additionally, we are exposed to short-term foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on non-U.S. dollar-denominated monetary assets and liabilities (other than those currency exposures previously discussed) and currently we do not enter into foreign currency hedge contracts against these exposures. Therefore, we are subject to both favorable and unfavorable foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations to the extent that we transact business (including intercompany transactions) for these currencies.
The magnitude of our overseas business also affects where our cash is generated. Certain uses of cash, such as share repurchases, payment of dividends or the repayment of our notes, can usually only be made with on-shore cash balances. Since the majority of our cash is generated outside of the United States, this may impact certain business decisions and adversely affect business outcomes.
Our Ability to Attract, Retain, and Motivate Key Employees Is Critical to Our Success
Our ability to compete successfully depends in large part on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate key employees. This is an ongoing challenge due to intense competition for top talent, as well as fluctuations in industry economic conditions that may require cycles of hiring activity and workforce reductions. Our success in hiring depends on a variety of factors, including the attractiveness of our compensation and benefit programs and our ability to offer a challenging and rewarding work environment. We periodically evaluate our overall compensation programs and make adjustments, as appropriate, to maintain or enhance their competitiveness. If we are not able to successfully attract, retain, and motivate key employees, we may be unable to capitalize on market opportunities and our operating results may be materially and adversely affected.
We Rely Upon Certain Critical Information Systems for the Operation of Our Business
We maintain and rely upon certain critical information systems for the effective operation of our business. These information systems include telecommunications, the internet, our corporate intranet, various computer hardware and software applications, network communications, and e-mail. These information systems may be owned and
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maintained by us, our outsourced providers or third parties such as vendors and contractors. Many of these information systems and outsourced service providers, including certain hosted software applications that we use for confidential data storage, employ “cloud computing” technology for such storage (which refers to an information technology hosting and delivery system in which data is not stored within the user’s physical infrastructure but instead is delivered to and consumed by the user as an Internet-based service). All of these information systems are subject to attacks, failures, and access denials from a number of potential sources including viruses, destructive or inadequate code, power failures, and physical damage to computers, hard drives, communication lines, and networking equipment. Confidential and/or sensitive information stored on these information systems or transmitted to or from cloud storage could be intentionally or unintentionally compromised, lost and/or stolen. While we have implemented security procedures, such as virus protection software and emergency recovery processes, to mitigate the outlined risks with respect to information systems that are under our control, they cannot be guaranteed to be failsafe and our inability to use or access these information systems at critical points in time, or unauthorized releases of proprietary or confidential information, could unfavorably impact the timely and efficient operation of our business.
Our Financial Results May be Adversely Impacted by Higher than Expected Tax Rates or Exposure to Additional Tax Liabilities
As a global company, our effective tax rate is highly dependent upon the geographic composition of worldwide earnings and tax regulations governing each region. We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions, and significant judgment is required to determine worldwide tax liabilities. Our effective tax rate could be adversely affected by changes in the split of earnings between countries with differing statutory tax rates, in the valuation of deferred tax assets, in tax laws, by material audit assessments, or changes in or expirations of agreements with tax authorities. These factors could affect our profitability. In particular, the carrying value of deferred tax assets, which are predominantly in the United States, is dependent on our ability to generate future taxable income in the United States. In addition, the amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits in various jurisdictions, and a material assessment by a governing tax authority could affect our profitability.
A Failure to Comply with Environmental Regulations May Adversely Affect Our Operating Results
We are subject to a variety of domestic and international governmental regulations related to the handling, discharge, and disposal of toxic, volatile, or otherwise hazardous chemicals. Failure to comply with present or future environmental regulations could result in fines being imposed on us, require us to suspend production, or cease operations, or cause our customers to not accept our products. These regulations could require us to alter our current operations, acquire significant additional equipment, incur substantial other expenses to comply with environmental regulations, or take other actions. Any failure to comply with regulations governing the use, handling, sale, transport or disposal of hazardous substances could subject us to future liabilities that may adversely affect our operating results, financial condition and ability to operate our business.
If We Choose to Acquire or Dispose of Businesses, Product Lines and Technologies, We May Encounter Unforeseen Costs and Difficulties That Could Impair Our Financial Performance
An important element of our management strategy is to review acquisition prospects that would complement our existing products, augment our market coverage and distribution ability, or enhance our technological capabilities. As a result, we may make acquisitions of complementary companies, products or technologies, or we may reduce or dispose of certain product lines or technologies that no longer fit our long-term strategies. Managing an acquired business, disposing of product technologies or reducing personnel entail numerous operational and financial risks, including difficulties in assimilating acquired operations and new personnel or separating existing business or product groups, diversion of management’s attention away from other business concerns, amortization of acquired intangible assets, adverse customer reaction to our decision to cease support for a product, and potential loss of key employees or customers of acquired or disposed operations. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve and manage successfully any such integration of potential acquisitions, disposition of
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product lines or technologies, or reduction in personnel or that our management, personnel, or systems will be adequate to support continued operations. Any such inabilities or inadequacies could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, financial condition, and cash flows.
In addition, any acquisition could result in changes such as potentially dilutive issuances of equity securities, the incurrence of debt and contingent liabilities, the amortization of related intangible assets, and goodwill impairment charges, any of which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and/or the price of our Common Stock.
The Market for Our Common Stock is Volatile, Which May Affect Our Ability to Raise Capital, Make Acquisitions, or Subject Our Business to Additional Costs
The market price for our Common Stock is volatile and has fluctuated significantly over the past years. The trading price of our Common Stock could continue to be highly volatile and fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors, many of which are not within our control or influence. These factors include but are not limited to the following:
| • | general market, semiconductor, or semiconductor equipment industry conditions; |
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| • | economic or political events and trends occurring globally or in any of our key sales regions; |
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| • | variations in our quarterly operating results and financial condition, including our liquidity; |
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| • | variations in our revenues, earnings or other business and financial metrics from forecasts by us or securities analysts, or from those experienced by other companies in our industry; |
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| • | announcements of restructurings, reductions in force, departure of key employees, and/or consolidations of operations; |
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| • | government regulations; |
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| • | developments in, or claims relating to, patent or other proprietary rights; |
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| • | technological innovations and the introduction of new products by us or our competitors; |
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| • | commercial success or failure of our new and existing products; |
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| • | disruptions of relationships with key customers or suppliers; or |
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| • | convertibility and dilutive impacts of our Convertible Notes and related warrants. |
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In addition, the stock market experiences significant price and volume fluctuations. Historically, we have witnessed significant volatility in the price of our Common Stock due in part to the price of and markets for semiconductors. These and other factors have and may again adversely affect the price of our Common Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In the past, following volatile periods in the price of their stock, many companies became the object of securities class action litigation. If we are sued in a securities class action, we could incur substantial costs, and it could divert management’s attention and resources and have an unfavorable impact on our financial performance and the price for our Common Stock.
Intellectual Property, Indemnity, and Other Claims Against Us Can be Costly and We Could Lose Significant Rights That are Necessary to Our Continued Business and Profitability
Third parties may assert infringement, unfair competition, product liability, breach of contract, or other claims against us. From time to time, other persons send us notices alleging that our products infringe their patent or other intellectual property rights. In addition, law enforcement authorities may seek criminal charges relating to intellectual property or other issues. We also face risks of claims arising from commercial and other relationships. In addition, our bylaws and other indemnity obligations provide that we will indemnify officers and directors against losses that they may incur in legal proceedings resulting from their service to us. From time to time, in the normal course of business, we indemnify third parties with whom we enter into contractual relationships, including customers and suppliers, with respect to certain matters. We have agreed, under certain conditions, to hold these third parties harmless against specified losses, such as those arising from a breach of representations or
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covenants, other third party claims that our products when used for their intended purposes infringe the intellectual property rights of such other third parties, or other claims made against certain parties. In such cases, it is our policy either to defend the claims or to negotiate licenses or other settlements on commercially reasonable terms. However, we may be unable in the future to negotiate necessary licenses or reach agreement on other settlements on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, and any litigation resulting from these claims by other parties may materially adversely affect our business and financial results, and we may be subject to substantial damage awards and penalties. Moreover, although we have insurance to protect us from certain claims and cover certain losses to our property, such insurance may not cover us for the full amount of any losses, or at all, and may be subject to substantial exclusions and deductibles.
We May Fail to Protect Our Critical Proprietary Technology Rights, Which Could Affect Our Business
Our success depends in part on our proprietary technology and our ability to protect key components of that technology through patents, copyrights and trade secret protection. Protecting our key proprietary technology helps us to achieve our goals of developing technological expertise and new products and systems that give us a competitive advantage; increasing market penetration and growth of our installed base; and providing comprehensive support and service to our customers. As part of our strategy to protect our technology we currently hold a number of U.S. and foreign patents and pending patent applications, and we keep certain information, processes and techniques as trade secrets. However, other parties may challenge or attempt to invalidate or circumvent any patents the United States or foreign governments issue to us, these governments may fail to issue patents for pending applications, or we may lose trade secret protection over valuable information due to the intentional or unintentional actions or omissions of third parties, of ours or even our own employees. Additionally, intellectual property litigation can be expensive and time-consuming and even when patents are issued or trade secret processes are followed, the legal systems in certain of the countries in which we do business do not enforce patents and other intellectual property rights as rigorously as the United States. The rights granted or anticipated under any of our patents, pending patent applications or trade secrets may be narrower than we expect or, in fact, provide no competitive advantages. Moreover, because we determine the jurisdictions in which to file patents at the time of filing, we may not have adequate protection in the future based on such previous decisions. Any of these circumstances could have a material adverse impact on our business.
We Are Exposed to Various Risks from Our Regulatory Environment
We are subject to various risks related to (i) new, different, inconsistent or even conflicting laws, rules and regulations that may be enacted by legislative bodies and/or regulatory agencies in the countries that we operate; (ii) disagreements or disputes between national or regional regulatory agencies related to international trade; and (iii) the interpretation and application of laws, rules and regulations. As a public company with global operations, we are subject to the laws of multiple jurisdictions and the rules and regulations of various governing bodies, including those related to financial and other disclosures, corporate governance, privacy, anti-corruption, such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and other local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials, conflict minerals or other social responsibility legislation, and antitrust regulations, among others. Each of these laws, rules and regulations imposes costs on our business, including financial costs and potential diversion of our management’s attention associated with compliance, and may present risks to our business, including potential fines, restrictions on our actions, and reputational damage if we are unable to fully comply.
To maintain high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure, we intend to invest all reasonably necessary resources to comply with all evolving standards. Changes in or ambiguous interpretations of laws, regulations and standards may create uncertainty regarding compliance matters. Efforts to comply with new and changing regulations have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management’s time and attention from revenue generating activities to compliance activities. If we are found by a court or regulatory agency not to be in compliance with the laws and regulations, our business, financial condition, and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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There Can Be No Assurance That We Will Continue To Declare Cash Dividends Or Repurchase Our Shares At All Or In Any Particular Amounts.
Our Board of Directors has declared quarterly dividends since April 2014. Our intent to continue to pay quarterly dividends and to repurchase our shares is subject to capital availability and, in the case of dividends, periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all laws and agreements applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends by us. Future dividends and share repurchases may also be affected by, among other factors: our views on potential future capital requirements for investments in acquisitions and the funding of our research and development; legal risks; stock repurchase programs; changes in federal and state income tax laws or corporate laws; contractual restrictions, such as financial or operating covenants in our debt arrangements; and changes to our business model. Our dividend payments and share repurchases may change from time to time, and we cannot provide assurance that we will continue to declare dividends or repurchase shares at all or in any particular amounts. A reduction or suspension in our dividend payments or share repurchase activity could have a negative effect on our stock price.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
| --- | --- |
None.
Item 2. Properties
| --- | --- |
Our executive offices and principal operating and R&D facilities are located in Fremont, Livermore, and San Jose, California, Tualatin, Oregon, and Villach, Austria. The majority of the Fremont and Livermore facilities are held under operating leases expiring in 2020 and 2021, in addition the Villach facilities are held under capital leases expiring in 2016. The company owns one property in Fremont, as well as, the San Jose and Tualatin facilities. Our Fremont, Livermore, and Villach leases generally include options to renew or purchase the facilities. In addition, we lease or own properties for our service, technical support and sales personnel throughout the United States, Europe, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia, and lease or own manufacturing facilities located in Illinois, Ohio, Germany, and Korea. Our facilities lease obligations are subject to periodic increases. We believe that our existing facilities are well-maintained and in good operating condition.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
| --- | --- |
While the Company is not currently party to any legal proceedings that it believes material, the Company is either a defendant or plaintiff in various actions that have arisen from time to time in the normal course of business, including intellectual property claims. The Company accrues for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Significant judgment is required in both the determination of probability and the determination as to whether a loss is reasonably estimable. These accruals are reviewed at least quarterly and adjusted to reflect the effects of negotiations, settlements, rulings, advice of legal counsel, and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. To the extent there is a reasonable possibility that the losses could exceed the amounts already accrued, the Company believes that the amount of any such additional loss would be immaterial to the Company’s business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
| --- | --- |
Stock Information
Our Common Stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol LRCX. As of August 5, 2015, we had 479 stockholders of record. In fiscal year 2015 we paid our stockholders a quarterly dividend of $0.18 per share. In May 2015, we announced an increase in our quarterly dividend to $0.30 per share, which is payable in the first quarter of fiscal year 2016. The table below sets forth the high and low prices of our Common Stock as reported by The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC, for the period indicated:
| 2015 | ||||||||
| High | Low | |||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 77.35 | $ | 66.70 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 85.70 | $ | 65.78 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 84.49 | $ | 69.92 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 84.39 | $ | 69.07 | ||||
| 2014 | ||||||||
| High | Low | |||||||
| First Quarter | $ | 52.31 | $ | 44.11 | ||||
| Second Quarter | $ | 55.48 | $ | 49.54 | ||||
| Third Quarter | $ | 57.16 | $ | 48.45 | ||||
| Fourth Quarter | $ | 67.85 | $ | 50.54 |
Repurchase of Company Shares
On April 29, 2014, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $850 million of Common Stock. These repurchases can be conducted on the open market or as private purchases and may include the use of derivative contracts with large financial institutions, in all cases subject to compliance with applicable law. Repurchases will be funded using our on-shore cash and on-shore cash generation. This repurchase program has no termination date and may be suspended or discontinued at any time. As part of our share repurchase program, we may from time-to-time enter into structured share repurchase arrangements with financial institutions using general corporate funds.
As part of our share repurchase program, we may from time-to-time enter into structured share repurchase arrangements with financial institutions using general corporate funds.
During the three months ended September 28, 2014, we entered into a collared accelerated share repurchase (“ASR”) transaction under a master repurchase arrangement. Under the ASR, we made an up-front cash payment of $250 million, in exchange for an initial delivery of approximately 3.2 million shares of our Common Stock.
The number of shares repurchased was based on the volume-weighted average price (“VWAP”) of the Common Stock during the term of the ASR minus a pre-determined discount set at inception of the ASR, subject to collar provisions that provided a minimum and maximum number of shares that we could repurchase under the agreements. The minimum and maximum thresholds for the transaction were established based on the average of the VWAP prices for the Common Stock during an initial hedge period. The ASR was scheduled to end at any time on or after October 8, 2014 and on or before December 8, 2014.
The counterparty designated October 9, 2014 as the termination date, at which time we settled the ASR. Approximately 0.3 million shares were received at final settlement, which represented a weighted-average share price of approximately $72.90 for the transaction period.
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Share repurchases, including those under the repurchase program, were as follows:
| Period | Total Number of Shares Repurchased (1) | Average Price Paid Per Share (2) | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | Amount Available Under Repurchase Program | ||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| Amount available at June 29, 2014 | $ | 830,895 | ||||||||||||||
| Quarter ending September 28, 2014 | 3,938 | $ | 69.86 | 3,818 | $ | 534,174 | ||||||||||
| Quarter ending December 28, 2014 | 1,158 | $ | 78.10 | 869 | $ | 488,480 | ||||||||||
| Quarter ended March 29, 2015 | 1,550 | $ | 78.57 | 1,434 | $ | 376,002 | ||||||||||
| March 30, 2015 - April 26, 2015 | 192 | $ | 73.51 | 178 | $ | 362,898 | ||||||||||
| April 27, 2015 - May 24, 2015 | 478 | $ | 77.33 | 264 | $ | 342,377 | ||||||||||
| May 25, 2015 - June 28, 2015 | 321 | $ | 82.66 | 312 | $ | 316,587 | ||||||||||
| Total | 7,637 | $ | 75.04 | 6,875 | $ | 316,587 | ||||||||||
| (1) | In addition to shares repurchased under the Board-authorized repurchase program shown above, we acquired 761,883 shares at a total cost of $58.8 million which we withheld through net share settlements to cover minimum tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of restricted stock unit awards granted under our equity compensation plans. The shares retained through these net share settlements are not a part of the Board-authorized repurchase program but instead are authorized under our equity compensation plans. |
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| (2) | Average price paid per share excludes accelerated share repurchases for which cost was incurred during the September 2014 quarter, but that did not settle until the December 2014 quarter. See the section above for details regarding average price associated with these transactions. |
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Cumulative 5-year Return
The graph below compares Lam Research Corporation’s cumulative 5-year total shareholder return on Common Stock with the cumulative total returns of the NASDAQ Composite index, the Research Data Group, Incorporated (“RDG”) Semiconductor Composite index, and the Philadelphia (“PHLX”) Semiconductor Sector Index. The graph tracks the performance of a $100 investment in our Common Stock and in each of the indices (with the reinvestment of all dividends) from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2015.
| 6/10 | 6/11 | 6/12 | 6/13 | 6/14 | 6/15 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Lam Research Corporation | 100.00 | 116.34 | 99.16 | 116.50 | 178.05 | 216.61 | ||||||||||||||||||
| NASDAQ Composite | 100.00 | 132.14 | 142.90 | 169.55 | 223.20 | 253.21 | ||||||||||||||||||
| S&P 500 | 100.00 | 130.69 | 137.81 | 166.20 | 207.10 | 222.47 | ||||||||||||||||||
| RDG Semiconductor Composite | 100.00 | 131.61 | 128.78 | 143.95 | 195.98 | 196.30 | ||||||||||||||||||
| PHLX Semiconductor | 100.00 | 135.83 | 139.10 | 165.22 | 223.35 | 233.52 |
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
| --- | --- |
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 (1) | June 29, 2014 (1) | June 30, 2013 (1) | June 24, 2012 (1) | June 26, 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| OPERATIONS: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 5,259,312 | $ | 4,607,309 | $ | 3,598,916 | $ | 2,665,192 | $ | 3,237,693 | ||||||||||
| Gross margin | 2,284,336 | 2,007,481 | 1,403,059 | 1,084,069 | 1,497,232 | |||||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment (2) | 79,444 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||
| Restructuring charges, net | — | — | 1,813 | 1,725 | 11,579 | |||||||||||||||
| Operating income | 788,039 | 677,669 | 118,071 | 237,733 | 804,285 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income | 655,577 | 632,289 | 113,879 | 168,723 | 723,748 | |||||||||||||||
| Net income per share: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 4.11 | $ | 3.84 | $ | 0.67 | $ | 1.36 | $ | 5.86 | ||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 3.70 | $ | 3.62 | $ | 0.66 | $ | 1.35 | $ | 5.79 | ||||||||||
| Cash dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.84 | $ | 0.18 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||||||
| BALANCE SHEET: | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Working capital | $ | 3,639,488 | $ | 3,201,661 | $ | 2,389,354 | $ | 2,988,181 | $ | 2,592,506 | ||||||||||
| Total assets | 9,364,648 | 7,993,306 | 7,250,315 | 8,004,652 | 4,053,867 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term obligations, less current portion | 1,388,335 | 1,198,221 | 1,170,048 | 1,255,600 | 903,263 | |||||||||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt and capital leases | 1,359,650 | 518,267 | 520,686 | 514,655 | 4,782 |
| (1) | Fiscal years 2015, 2014, and 2013 amounts include operating results of Novellus. Fiscal year 2012 amounts include 20 days of operating results of Novellus from the acquisition date of June 4, 2012. The Novellus acquisition was accounted for as a business combination in accordance with the applicable accounting guidance. |
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| (2) | Goodwill impairment analysis during fiscal year 2015 resulted in a non-cash impairment charge upon our single-wafer clean reporting unit, extinguishing the goodwill ascribed to the reporting unit. |
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| Three Months Ended (1) | ||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | March 29, 2015 | December 28, 2014 | September 28, 2014 | |||||||||||||
| unaudited | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| QUARTERLY FISCAL YEAR 2015: | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 1,481,370 | $ | 1,393,333 | $ | 1,232,241 | $ | 1,152,368 | ||||||||
| Gross margin | 641,538 | 600,602 | 536,657 | 505,539 | ||||||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | 79,444 | — | — | — | ||||||||||||
| Operating income | 191,035 | 239,965 | 188,741 | 168,298 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 131,271 | 206,285 | 176,940 | 141,081 | ||||||||||||
| Net income per share | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.83 | $ | 1.30 | $ | 1.11 | $ | 0.87 | ||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.74 | $ | 1.16 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.80 | ||||||||
| Number of shares used in per share calculations: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 158,590 | 158,992 | 159,248 | 161,685 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 176,575 | 177,531 | 177,046 | 177,118 |
| Three Months Ended (1) | ||||||||||||||||
| June 29, 2014 | March 30, 2014 | December 29, 2013 | September 29, 2013 | |||||||||||||
| unaudited | ||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
| QUARTERLY FISCAL YEAR 2014: | ||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 1,248,797 | $ | 1,227,392 | $ | 1,116,061 | $ | 1,015,059 | ||||||||
| Gross margin | 557,036 | 530,798 | 487,789 | 431,858 | ||||||||||||
| Operating income | 215,850 | 191,937 | 164,474 | 105,408 | ||||||||||||
| Net income | 233,395 | 164,396 | 148,992 | 85,506 | ||||||||||||
| Net income per share | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 1.44 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 0.92 | $ | 0.52 | ||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 1.35 | $ | 0.96 | $ | 0.87 | $ | 0.50 | ||||||||
| Number of shares used in per share calculations: | ||||||||||||||||
| Basic | 162,215 | 162,238 | 162,305 | 162,896 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 173,345 | 171,636 | 171,757 | 171,363 |
| (1) | Our reporting period is a 52/53-week fiscal year. The fiscal years ended June 28, 2015 and June 29, 2014 included 52 weeks. All quarters presented above included 13 weeks. |
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
| --- | --- |
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in condition, significance, value and effect. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including but not limited to those discussed in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this 2015 Form 10-K and other documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission. (See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in Part I of this 2015 Form 10-K).
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) provides a description of our results of operations and should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this 2015 Form 10-K. MD&A consists of the following sections:
Executive Summary provides a summary of the key highlights of our results of operations and our management’s assessment of material trends and uncertainties relevant to our business.
Results of Operations provides an analysis of operating results.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates discusses accounting policies that reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources provides an analysis of cash flows, contractual obligations and financial position.
Executive Summary
Lam Research has been an innovative supplier of wafer fabrication equipment and services to the semiconductor industry for more than 35 years. Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers that make memory, microprocessors, and other logic integrated circuits for a wide range of electronics; including cell phones, computers, tablets, storage devices, and networking equipment.
Our market-leading products are designed to help our customers build the smaller, faster, and more powerful devices that are necessary to power the capabilities required by end users. The process of integrated circuits fabrication consists of a complex series of process and preparation steps, and our product offerings in deposition, etch, and clean address a number of the most critical steps in the fabrication process. We leverage our expertise in semiconductor processing to develop technology and/or productivity solutions that typically benefit our customers through lower defect rates, enhanced yields, faster processing time, and reduced cost as well as by facilitating their ability to meet more stringent performance and design standards.
The semiconductor capital equipment industry has been highly competitive and characterized by rapid changes in demand. This cyclicality has been mitigated in recent years by market demands and consolidation among our customers. With a reduced number of customers, variability in their business plans may lead to changes in demand for Lam’s equipment and services. The variability in our customers’ investments during any particular period is dependent on several factors including but not limited to electronics demand, economic conditions (both general and in the semiconductor and electronics industries), industry supply and demand, prices for semiconductors, and our customers’ ability to develop and manufacture increasingly complex and costly semiconductor devices.
Demand for our products was strong throughout the fiscal year as semiconductor device manufacturers made capacity and technology investments. We expect growth in the overall wafer fabrication equipment market in calendar year 2015 compared to calendar year 2014 related to leading edge investments by our customers. Technology inflections in our industry, including FinFET transistors, 3D NAND, multiple patterning, and advanced packaging have led to an increase in the deposition and etch market sizes. We believe that, over the longer term, demand for our products should increase as the proportion of customers’ capital expenditures rises in these technology inflection areas, and we continue to gain market share.
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The following summarizes certain key annual financial information for the periods indicated below:
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | FY15 vs. FY14 | FY14 vs. FY13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data and percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 5,259,312 | $ | 4,607,309 | $ | 3,598,916 | $ | 652,003 | 14.2% | $ | 1,008,393 | 28.0% | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | $ | 2,284,336 | $ | 2,007,481 | $ | 1,403,059 | $ | 276,855 | 13.8% | $ | 604,422 | 43.1% | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin as a percent of total revenue | 43.4% | 43.6% | 39.0% | -0.2% | 4.6% | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 1,496,297 | $ | 1,329,812 | $ | 1,284,988 | $ | 166,485 | 12.5% | $ | 44,824 | 3.5% | ||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 655,577 | $ | 632,289 | $ | 113,879 | $ | 23,288 | 3.7% | $ | 518,410 | 455.2% | ||||||||||||||||
| Diluted net income per share | $ | 3.70 | $ | 3.62 | $ | 0.66 | $ | 0.08 | 2.2% | $ | 2.96 | 448.5% |
Fiscal year 2015 revenues increased 14% compared to fiscal year 2014, reflecting the steady increase in technology inflections’ spending, as well as incremental market share gains. The small decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenue for the fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was due primarily to less favorable product mix partially offset by improved factory utilization due to higher production volumes.
Operating expenses in fiscal year 2015 increased as compared to fiscal year 2014 primarily related to continued investments in the next-generation research and development. In fiscal year 2015, we also recorded a goodwill impairment of approximately $79 million related to our single-wafer clean reporting unit.
Our cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, and restricted cash and investments balances totaled approximately $4.2 billion as of June 28, 2015 compared to $3.2 billion as of June 29, 2014. This increase was primarily the result of $992 million net proceeds from March 2015 Senior Notes issuance. Cash flows provided from operating activities was $786 million for fiscal year 2015 compared to $717 million for fiscal year 2014. Cash flows provided from operating activities in fiscal 2015 was primarily used for $573 million in treasury stock purchases, $116 million in dividends paid to our stockholders, and $198 million of capital expenditures, and are partially offset by $66 million of treasury stock reissuance and common stock issuance resulting from our employee equity-based compensation programs.
Results of Operations
Shipments and Backlog
Shipments for fiscal year 2015 were approximately $5.5 billion and increased by 20% compared to fiscal year 2014. Shipments for fiscal year 2014 were approximately $4.6 billion and increased by 23% compared to fiscal year 2013. The increase in shipments during fiscal year 2015 as compared to fiscal year 2014, as well as the
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increase in shipments during fiscal year 2014 as compared to fiscal year 2013 related to continued strengthening of customer demand for semiconductor equipment.
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| Shipments (in millions) | $ | 5,472 | $ | 4,551 | $ | 3,714 | ||||||
| Korea | 26% | 24% | 16% | |||||||||
| Taiwan | 22% | 21% | 29% | |||||||||
| United States | 15% | 15% | 20% | |||||||||
| Japan | 14% | 13% | 11% | |||||||||
| China | 12% | 15% | 9% | |||||||||
| Europe | 6% | 7% | 8% | |||||||||
| Southeast Asia | 5% | 5% | 7% |
The percentage of total semiconductor processing system shipments to each of the markets we serve were as follows for fiscal years 2015, 2014, and 2013.
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| Memory | 58 | % | 60 | % | 36 | % | ||||||
| Foundry | 30 | % | 30 | % | 49 | % | ||||||
| Logic/integrated device manufacturing | 12 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % |
Our shipments to memory customers remained strong during fiscal year 2015 driven by mobile and enterprise demands. During fiscal year 2014, memory customer demand was higher due to node transitions in memory manufacturing, stable pricing for memory, and tight industry supply.
Unshipped orders in backlog as of June 28, 2015 were approximately $880 million and increased from approximately $866 million as of June 29, 2014. Our unshipped orders backlog includes orders for systems, spares, and services. Please refer to “Backlog” in Part I Item 1, “Business” of this report for a description of our policies for adding to and adjusting backlog.
Revenue
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| Revenue (in millions) | $ | 5,259 | $ | 4,607 | $ | 3,599 | ||||||
| Korea | 27% | 24% | 17% | |||||||||
| Taiwan | 21% | 23% | 29% | |||||||||
| United States | 17% | 13% | 20% | |||||||||
| Japan | 12% | 14% | 10% | |||||||||
| China | 12% | 14% | 9% | |||||||||
| Europe | 6% | 7% | 8% | |||||||||
| Southeast Asia | 5% | 5% | 7% |
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The revenue increase in fiscal year 2015 as compared to fiscal year 2014 reflected an increase in technology and capacity investments by our customers. The revenue increase in fiscal year 2014 as compared to fiscal year 2013 reflected increased customer and industry demand. Our revenue levels are generally correlated to the amount of shipments and our installation and acceptance timelines. The overall Asia region continues to account for a majority of our revenues as a substantial amount of the worldwide capacity additions for semiconductor manufacturing continues to occur in this region. Our deferred revenue balance was $518 million as of June 28, 2015 compared to $362 million as of June 29, 2014. Our deferred revenue balance does not include shipments to Japanese customers, to whom title does not transfer until customer acceptance. Shipments to Japanese customers are classified as inventory at cost until the time of customer acceptance. The anticipated future revenue value from shipments to Japanese customers was approximately $164 million as of June 28, 2015 compared to $34 million as of June 29, 2014.
Gross Margin
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | FY15 vs. FY14 | FY14 vs. FY13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Gross margin | $ | 2,284,336 | $ | 2,007,481 | $ | 1,403,059 | $ | 276,855 | 13.8% | $ | 604,422 | 43.1% | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent of total revenue | 43.4% | 43.6% | 39.0% | -0.2% | 4.6% |
The decrease in gross margin as a percentage of revenue for fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was due primarily to a less favorable product mix partially offset by improved factory utilization due to higher production volumes.
The increase in gross margin as a percentage of revenue for fiscal year 2014 compared to fiscal year 2013 was due to higher business volumes as well as a more favorable product mix. Additionally, the Novellus acquisition related inventory fair value impact and cost associated with rationalization of certain product configurations decreased by $78 million and $15 million, respectively, in fiscal year 2014 as compared to fiscal year 2013.
Research and Development
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | FY15 vs. FY14 | FY14 vs. FY13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Research & development (“R&D”) | $ | 825,242 | $ | 716,471 | $ | 683,688 | $ | 108,771 | 15.2% | $ | 32,783 | 4.8% | ||||||||||||||||
| Percent of total revenue | 15.7% | 15.6% | 19.0% | 0.1% | -3.4% |
We continued to make significant R&D investments focused on leading-edge deposition, plasma etch, single-wafer clean and other semiconductor manufacturing requirements. The increase in R&D expense during fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to a $71 million increase in salaries and benefits related to increased headcount and higher incentive and equity compensation, a $12 million increase in supplies, a $5 million increase in depreciation and lab maintenance, and a $6 million increase in outside services.
The increase in R&D expense during fiscal year 2014 compared to fiscal year 2013 was primarily due to a $41 million increase in salaries and benefits related to higher headcount and higher incentive and equity compensation offset by a reduction of $7 million in supplies.
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Selling, General and Administrative
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | FY15 vs. FY14 | FY14 vs. FY13 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general & administrative (“SG&A”) | $ | 591,611 | $ | 613,341 | $ | 601,300 | $ | (21,730 | ) | -3.5% | $ | 12,041 | 2.0% | |||||||||||||||
| Percent of total revenue | 11.2% | 13.3% | 16.7% | -2.1% | -3.4% |
The decrease in SG&A expense during fiscal year 2015 compared to fiscal year 2014 was due primarily to an $11 million decrease in integration costs, a $9 million decrease in costs associated with rationalization of product configurations, and an $8 million decrease related to impairment of long lived assets. This decrease is offset by an $8 million increase in compensation and benefits expense.
The increase in SG&A expense during fiscal year 2014 compared to fiscal year 2013 was due primarily to a net increase of $11 million in salaries, benefits and incentive compensation, $20 million increase in marketing expenses and outside services, $7 million in costs associated with rationalization of certain product configurations, $8 million of impairment of long lived assets, and a $5 million cost related to the renewal of our Fremont and Livermore buildings’ operating leases. This increase was offset by a $34 million reduction in integration costs and a $10 million reduction in amortization of intangible assets related to the Novellus integration.
Goodwill Impairment
Our annual goodwill impairment analysis for fiscal year 2015 resulted in a non-cash impairment charge upon our single-wafer clean reporting unit of $79 million, extinguishing the goodwill ascribed to the reporting unit. Uncertainty surrounding future revenue growth in certain products resulted in the estimated discounted cash flow falling below the carrying value of the goodwill balance.
Gain on Sale of Real Estate
During fiscal year 2014, we sold our interest in nonessential property in Palo Alto, California, resulting in $135 million in net proceeds and a realized gain of $83 million from the transaction.
Other Expense, Net
Other expense, net, consisted of the following:
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||
| Interest income | $ | 19,268 | $ | 12,540 | $ | 14,737 | ||||||
| Interest expense | (73,682 | ) | (61,692 | ) | (60,408 | ) | ||||||
| Gains on deferred compensation plan related assets, net | 9,071 | 9,559 | 9,764 | |||||||||
| Foreign exchange gains (losses), net | 2,331 | 1,529 | (6,808 | ) | ||||||||
| Other, net | (4,177 | ) | 668 | (8,698 | ) | |||||||
| $ | (47,189 | ) | $ | (37,396 | ) | $ | (51,413 | ) | ||||
The increase in interest expense during fiscal year 2015 as compared with fiscal years 2014 and 2013 was primarily due to the $1 billion Senior Note issuance in the March 2015 quarter.
Foreign exchange gains in fiscal year 2015 and 2014 and losses in fiscal years 2013 were related to un-hedged portions of the balance sheet exposures.
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Other, net expense realized during fiscal year 2015 was primarily due to a settlement of matters relating to certain investment transactions. Other, net income realized during fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to a gain on the disposition of a private equity investment. Other, net expenses during fiscal year 2013 included a $4 million other-than-temporary impairment of a public equity investment recognized during the March 2013 quarter.
Income Tax Expense (benefit)
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| (in thousands, except percentages) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | $ | 85,273 | $ | 91,074 | $ | (47,221 | ) | |||||
| Effective tax rate | 11.5% | 12.6% | -70.8% |
The decrease in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2015 as compared to fiscal year 2014 was primarily due to geographic mix of income between higher and lower tax jurisdictions, and an increased federal tax benefit in fiscal year 2015 due to a retroactive reinstatement of the second half of fiscal year 2014 federal research and development tax credit in fiscal year 2015. The increase in the effective tax rate in fiscal year 2014 as compared to fiscal year 2013 was primarily due to the change in the level of income and geographic mix of income between higher and lower tax jurisdictions, U.S. income and applicable foreign withholding taxes on undistributed foreign earnings of certain of our foreign subsidiaries for 2014, reduced tax benefit in fiscal year 2014 due to the expiration of the federal research and development tax credit as of December 31, 2013, and tax benefits in fiscal year 2013 related to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits due to the lapse of the statute of limitations and successful resolution of certain tax matters.
International revenues account for a significant portion of our total revenues, such that a material portion of our pre-tax income is earned and taxed outside the United States at rates that are generally lower than in the United States. Please refer to Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Deferred Income Taxes
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. Our gross deferred tax assets, composed primarily of reserves and accruals that are not currently deductible and tax credit carryforwards, were $311 million and $343 million at the end of fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. These gross deferred tax assets were offset by deferred tax liabilities of $318 million and $294 million at the end of fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively, and a valuation allowance of $86 million and $74 million at the end of fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. The change in the gross deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities between fiscal year 2015 and 2014 is primarily due to the reclassification of deferred tax assets as a result of the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2013-11, an accrual for future tax liabilities due to the expected repatriation of foreign earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries for 2015, and convertible debt accretion, offset by a decrease in deferred tax liabilities related to amortization of intangible assets.
Our fiscal years 2015 and 2014 valuation allowance of $86 million and $74 million primarily relate to California and certain foreign deferred tax assets.
As of our fiscal year end of June 28, 2015, we continue to record a valuation allowance to offset the entire California deferred tax asset balance due to the single sales factor apportionment election resulting in lower taxable income in California. We also continue to record valuation allowances on certain foreign entities’ net operating losses.
We evaluate if the deferred tax assets are realizable on a quarterly basis and will continue to assess the need for changes in valuation allowances, if any.
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Uncertain Tax Positions
We re-evaluate uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, and effectively settled issues under audit. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make certain judgments, estimates and assumptions that could affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We based our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believed to be applicable and evaluate them on an ongoing basis to ensure they remain reasonable under current conditions. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates.
The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our financial statements are described in Note 2 of our Consolidated Financial Statements. Some of these significant accounting policies are considered to be critical accounting policies. A critical accounting policy is defined as one that has both a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations and requires us to make difficult, complex, and/or subjective judgments, often regarding estimates about matters that are inherently uncertain.
We believe that the following critical accounting policies reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue Recognition: We recognize revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred and title has passed or services have been rendered, the selling price is fixed or determinable, collection of the receivable is reasonably assured, and we have received customer acceptance or are otherwise released from our customer acceptance obligations. If terms of the sale provide for a lapsing customer acceptance period, we recognize revenue upon the expiration of the lapsing acceptance period or customer acceptance, whichever occurs first. If the practices of a customer do not provide for a written acceptance or the terms of sale do not include a lapsing acceptance provision, we recognize revenue when it can be reliably demonstrated that the delivered system meets all of the agreed-to customer specifications. In situations with multiple deliverables, we recognize revenue upon the delivery of the separate elements to the customer and when we receive customer acceptance or are otherwise released from our customer acceptance obligations. We allocate revenue from multiple-element arrangements among the separate elements using their relative selling prices, based on our best estimate of selling price. Our sales arrangements do not include a general right of return. The maximum revenue recognized on a delivered element is limited to the amount that is not contingent upon the delivery of additional items. We generally recognize revenue related to sales of spare parts and system upgrade kits upon shipment. We generally recognize revenue related to services upon completion of the services requested by a customer order. We recognize revenue for extended maintenance service contracts with a fixed payment amount on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. When goods or services have been delivered to the customer, but all conditions for revenue recognition have not been met, deferred revenue and deferred costs are recorded in deferred profit on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Inventory Valuation: Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using standard costs that approximate actual costs on a first-in, first-out basis. Finished goods are reported as inventories until the point of title transfer to the customer. Unless specified in the terms of sale, title generally transfers at the physical transfer of the products to the freight carriers. Transfer of title for shipments to Japanese customers occurs at the time of customer acceptance.
Management evaluates the need to record adjustments for impairment of inventory at least quarterly. Our policy is to assess the valuation of all inventories including manufacturing raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, and spare parts in each reporting period. Obsolete inventory or inventory in excess of management’s estimated
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usage requirement is written down to its estimated market value if less than cost. Estimates of market value include, but are not limited to, management’s forecasts related to our future manufacturing schedules, customer demand, technological and/or market obsolescence, general semiconductor market conditions, and possible alternative uses. If future customer demand or market conditions are less favorable than our projections, additional inventory write-downs may be required and would be reflected in cost of goods sold in the period in which we make the revision.
Warranty: Typically, the sale of semiconductor capital equipment includes providing parts and service warranties to customers as part of the overall price of the system. We provide standard warranties for our systems. We record a provision for estimated warranty expenses to cost of sales for each system when we recognize revenue. We do not maintain general or unspecified reserves; all warranty reserves are related to specific systems. All actual or estimated parts and labor costs incurred in subsequent periods are charged to those established reserves on a system-by-system basis.
While we periodically monitor the performance and cost of warranty activities, if actual costs incurred are different than our estimates, we may recognize adjustments to provisions in the period in which those differences arise or are identified. In addition to the provision of standard warranties, we offer customer-paid extended warranty services. Revenues for extended maintenance and warranty services with a fixed payment amount are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the contract. Related costs are recorded as incurred.
Equity-based Compensation — Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) and Employee Stock Plans: We recognize the fair value of equity-based compensation expense. We determine the fair value of our restricted stock units (“RSUs”), excluding market-based performance RSUs, based upon the fair market value of our common stock at the date of grant, discounted for dividends. We estimate the fair value of our market-based performance RSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model at the date of the grant. We estimate the fair value of our stock options and ESPP awards using a Black-Scholes option valuation model. This model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including expected stock price volatility and the estimated life of each award. We amortize the fair value of equity-based awards over the vesting periods of the award and we have elected to use the straight-line method of amortization.
We make quarterly assessments of the adequacy of our tax credit pool related to equity-based compensation to determine if there are any deficiencies that we are required to recognize in our Consolidated Statements of Operations. We will only recognize a benefit from equity-based compensation in paid-in-capital if we realize an incremental tax benefit after all other tax attributes currently available to us have been utilized. In addition, we have elected to account for the indirect benefits of equity-based compensation on the research tax credit through the income statement rather than through paid-in-capital. We have also elected to net deferred tax assets and the associated valuation allowance related to net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards for the accumulated stock award tax benefits for income tax footnote disclosure purposes. We will track these stock award attributes separately and will only recognize these attributes through paid-in-capital.
Income Taxes: Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as the tax effect of carryforwards. We record a valuation allowance to reduce our deferred tax assets to the amount that is more-likely-than-not to be realized. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent on future taxable income. We believe it is more-likely-than-not that such assets will be realized; however, ultimate realization could be negatively impacted by market conditions and other variables not known or anticipated at the time. In the event that we determine that we would not be able to realize all or part of our net deferred tax assets, an adjustment would be charged to earnings in the period such determination is made. Likewise, if we later determine that it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets would be realized, then the previously provided valuation allowance would be reversed.
We recognize the benefit from a tax position only if it is more-likely-than-not that the position would be sustained upon audit based solely on the technical merits of the tax position. Our policy is to include interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
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Goodwill and Intangible Assets: The valuation of intangible assets acquired in a business combination requires the use of management estimates including but not limited to estimating future expected cash flows from assets acquired and determining discount rates. Management’s estimates of fair value are based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable, but which are inherently uncertain and unpredictable and, as a result, actual results may differ from estimates. Estimates associated with the accounting for acquisitions may change as additional information becomes available.
Goodwill represents the amount by which the purchase price in each business combination exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired. Each component of the Company for which discrete financial information is available and for which management regularly reviews the results of operations is considered a reporting unit. All goodwill acquired in a business combination is assigned to one or more reporting units as of the acquisition date. Goodwill is assigned to our reporting units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. The goodwill assigned to a reporting unit is the difference between the acquisition consideration assigned to the reporting unit on a relative fair value basis and the fair value of acquired assets and liabilities that can be specifically attributed to the reporting unit. We test goodwill and identifiable intangible assets with indefinite useful lives for impairment at least annually. We amortize intangible assets with estimable useful lives over their respective estimated useful lives, and we review for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the intangible asset may not be recoverable and the carrying amount exceeds its fair value.
We review goodwill at least annually for impairment. If certain events or indicators of impairment occur between annual impairment tests, we will perform an impairment test at that date. In testing for a potential impairment of goodwill, we: (1) allocate goodwill to the reporting units to which the acquired goodwill relates; (2) estimate the fair value of our reporting units; and (3) determine the carrying value (book value) of those reporting units. Prior to this allocation of the assets to the reporting units, we assess long-lived assets for impairment. Furthermore, if the estimated fair value of a reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we must estimate the fair value of all identifiable assets and liabilities of that reporting unit, in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation for an acquired business. This can require independent valuations of certain internally generated and unrecognized intangible assets such as in-process R&D and developed technology. Only after this process is completed can the amount of goodwill impairment, if any, be determined. In our goodwill impairment process we first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative analysis. We do not calculate the fair value of a reporting unit unless we determine, based on a qualitative assessment, that it is more-likely-than-not that the reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount. Our most recent annual goodwill impairment analysis, which was performed as of the first day of our fourth quarter of fiscal year 2015, March 30, 2015, resulted in the recognition of a $79.4 million goodwill impairment charge on our single-wafer clean systems reporting unit. We did not record any goodwill impairment in fiscal years 2014 or 2013.
The process of evaluating the potential impairment of goodwill is subjective and requires significant judgment at many points during the analysis. We determine the fair value of our reporting units by using an income approach. Under the income approach, we determine fair value based on estimated future cash flows of each reporting unit, discounted by an estimated weighted-average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk of a reporting unit and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn.
In estimating the fair value of a reporting unit, we make estimates and judgments about the future cash flows of our reporting units, including estimated growth rates and assumptions about the economic environment. Although our cash flow forecasts are based on assumptions that are consistent with the plans and estimates it is using to manage the underlying businesses, there is significant judgment involved in determining the cash flows attributable to a reporting unit. In addition, we make certain judgments about allocating shared assets to the estimated balance sheets of our reporting units. Changes in judgment on these assumptions and estimates could result in a goodwill impairment charge.
As a result, several factors could result in an impairment of a material amount of our goodwill balance in future periods, including, but not limited to: (1) weakening of the global economy, weakness in the semiconductor
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equipment industry, or our failure to reach internal forecasts, which could impact our ability to achieve our forecasted levels of cash flows and reduce the estimated discounted cash flow value of our reporting units; and (2) a decline in our common stock price and resulting market capitalization, and to the extent we determine that the decline is sustained and indicates a reduction in the fair value of our reporting units below their carrying value. Further, the value assigned to intangible assets, other than goodwill, is based on estimates and judgments regarding expectations such as the success and life cycle of products and technology acquired. If actual product acceptance differs significantly from the estimates, we may be required to record an impairment charge to write down the asset to its realizable value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In July 2013, the FASB released Accounting Standards Update 2013-11 “Presentation of an Unrecognized Tax Benefit When a Net Operating Loss Carryforward, a Similar Tax Loss, or a Tax Credit Carryforward Exists.” The new standard requires that an unrecognized tax benefit should be presented as a reduction of a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward or other tax credit carryforward when settlement in this manner is available under the tax law. We adopted this standard during the fiscal year without significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In April 2014, the FASB released Accounting Standards Update 2014-8 “Presentation of Financial Statements and Property, Plant and Equipment: Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosure of Disposals of Components of an Entity.” The new standard re-defines discontinued operations and requires only those disposals of components of an entity, including classifications as held for sale, that represent a strategic shift that has, or will have, a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results to be reported as discontinued operations. In addition, the new standard expands the disclosure requirements of discontinued operations. We adopted this standard during the fiscal year without significant impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
In May 2014, the FASB released Accounting Standards Update 2014-9 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” to supersede nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under GAAP. The core principle of the standard is to recognize revenues when promised goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected to be received for those goods or services. The new standard defines a five step process to achieve this core principle and, in doing so, it is possible more judgment and estimates may be required within the revenue recognition process than required under existing GAAP including identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. We are required to adopt this standard starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019 using either of two methods: (i) retrospective to each prior reporting period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients as defined within the standard; or (ii) retrospective with the cumulative effect of initially applying the standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures as defined per the standard. We have not yet selected a transition method, and are in the process of determining the impact that the new standard will have on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
In April 2015, the FASB released Accounting Standards Update 2015-3 “Interest — Imputation of Interest.” The amendment requires that debt issuance costs related to recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. We are required to adopt this standard starting in the first quarter of fiscal year 2017, we do not anticipate that adoption will have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Total gross cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments, and restricted cash and investments balances were $4.2 billion at the end of fiscal year 2015 compared to $3.2 billion at the end of fiscal year 2014. This increase was primarily the result of $992 million net proceeds from the March 2015 debt issuances. Approximately $2.2 billion of
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our total cash and investments as of both June 28, 2015 and June 29, 2014, was held outside the United States in our foreign subsidiaries, the majority of which is held in U.S. dollars and, of which substantially all would be subject to tax at U.S. rates if it were to be repatriated. Refer to Note 7 of our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of this report, for information concerning the potential tax impact of repatriating earnings for certain non-U.S. subsidiaries that are permanently reinvested outside the United States.
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities of $785.5 million during fiscal year 2015 consisted of (in millions):
| Net income | $ | 655.6 | ||
| Non-cash charges: | ||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 277.9 | |||
| Equity-based compensation | 135.4 | |||
| Deferred income taxes | 6.0 | |||
| Amortization of note discounts and issuance costs | 37.6 | |||
| Goodwill impairment | 79.4 | |||
| Long-lived asset impairment | 10.0 | |||
| Changes in operating asset and liability accounts | (420.9 | ) | ||
| Other | 4.5 | |||
| $ | 785.5 | |||
Significant changes in operating asset and liability accounts, net of foreign exchange impact, included the following uses of cash: increases in accounts receivable of $294.2 million, inventories of $207.5 million, and prepaid expenses and other assets of $52.5 million, combined with a decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities of $29.5 million, partially offset by the following sources of cash: increases in accounts payable of $76.6 million and deferred profit of $86.1 million.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Net cash used for investing activities during fiscal year 2015 was $1,106.1 million, which was primarily due to net purchases of available-for-sale securities of $949.7 million, and capital expenditures of $198.3 million, partially offset by cash proceeds on the sale of business of $41.2 million.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities during fiscal year 2015 was $378.5 million, which was primarily due to $992.2 million in proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, partially offset by $573.2 million in treasury stock repurchases and $116.1 million of dividends paid to stockholders.
Liquidity
Given the historical cyclical nature of the semiconductor equipment industry, we believe that maintaining sufficient liquidity reserves is important to support sustaining levels of investment in R&D and capital infrastructure. Based upon our current business outlook, we expect that our levels of cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments at June 28, 2015 will be sufficient to support our presently anticipated levels of operations, investments, debt service requirements, and capital expenditures, through at least the next 12 months.
In the longer term, liquidity will depend to a great extent on our future revenues and our ability to appropriately manage our costs based on demand for our products and services. While we have substantial cash balances in
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the United States and offshore, we may require additional funding and need or choose to raise the required funds through borrowings or public or private sales of debt or equity securities. We believe that, if necessary, we will be able to access the capital markets on terms and in amounts adequate to meet our objectives. However, given the possibility of changes in market conditions or other occurrences, there can be no certainty that such funding will be available in needed quantities or on terms favorable to us.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
We have certain obligations to make future payments under various contracts, some of which are recorded on our balance sheet and some of which are not. Obligations that are recorded on our balance sheet in accordance with GAAP include our long-term debt which is outlined in the following table. Our off-balance sheet arrangements are presented as operating leases and purchase obligations in the table. Our contractual obligations and commitments as of June 28, 2015, relating to these agreements and our guarantees are included in the following table based on their contractual maturity date. The amounts in the table below exclude $203 million of liabilities related to uncertain tax benefits as we are unable to reasonably estimate the ultimate amount or time of settlement. See Note 7 of the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
| Total | Less than 1 year | 1-3 years | 3-5 years | More than 5 years | Sublease Income | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operating Leases | $ | 58,544 | $ | 17,593 | $ | 20,548 | $ | 10,071 | $ | 10,810 | $ | (478 | ) | |||||||||||
| Capital Leases | 9,077 | 1,630 | 7,300 | 147 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase Obligations | 193,855 | 189,954 | 1,961 | 1,940 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term Debt and Interest Expense (1) | 3,361,407 | 508,717 | 562,790 | 598,122 | 1,691,778 | — | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 3,622,883 | $ | 717,894 | $ | 592,599 | $ | 610,280 | $ | 1,702,588 | $ | (478 | ) | |||||||||||
| (1) | The conversion period for the Convertible Notes was open as of June 28, 2015 and as such the net carrying value of the Convertible Notes is included within current liabilities on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. The principal balances of the Converible Notes are reflected in the payment period in the table above based on the contractual maturity assuming no conversion. See Note 14 of our Consolidate Financial Statements for additional information concerning the Convertible Notes and associated conversion features. |
|---|
Operating Leases
We lease most of our administrative, R&D and manufacturing facilities, regional sales/service offices and certain equipment under non-cancelable operating leases. Certain of our facility leases for buildings located in Fremont and Livermore, California, and certain other facility leases provide us with an option to extend the leases for additional periods or to purchase the facilities. Certain of our facility leases provide for periodic rent increases based on the general rate of inflation. In addition to amounts included in the table above, we have guaranteed residual values for certain of our Fremont and Livermore facility leases of up to $250 million. See Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.
Capital Leases
Capital leases reflect building and office equipment lease obligations. The amounts in the table above include the interest portion of payment obligations.
Purchase Obligations
Purchase obligations consist of significant contractual obligations either on an annual basis or over multi-year periods related to our outsourcing activities or other material commitments, including vendor-consigned inventories. The contractual cash obligations and commitments table presented above contains our minimum obligations at June 28, 2015 under these arrangements and others. For obligations with cancellation provisions,
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the amounts included in the preceding table were limited to the non-cancelable portion of the agreement terms or the minimum cancellation fee. Actual expenditures will vary based on the volume of transactions and length of contractual service provided.
Long-Term Debt
In May 2011, we issued and sold $450 million in aggregate principal amount of 0.50% Convertible Senior Notes due May 2016 (the “2016 Notes”) at par. At the same time, we issued and sold $450 million in aggregate principal amount of 1.25% Convertible Senior Notes due May 2018 (the “2018 Notes”) at par. We pay cash interest at an annual rate of 0.5% and 1.25%, respectively, on the 2016 Notes and the 2018 Notes, on a semi-annual basis. The 2016 Notes and 2018 Notes may be converted into our Common Stock, under certain circumstances, based on a conversion rate of 16.0806 shares of our Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of Notes, which is equal to a conversion price of approximately $62.19 per share of our Common Stock. The conversion price will be subject to adjustment for certain corporate events, including dividends on our Common Stock. Concurrently with the issuance of the Notes, we purchased convertible note hedges and sold warrants, which were structured to reduce the potential future economic dilution associated with the conversion of the 2016 Notes and 2018 the Notes.
In June 2012, with the acquisition of Novellus, we assumed $700 million in aggregate principal amount of 2.625% Convertible Senior Notes due May 2041 (the “2041 Notes,” and collectively with the 2016 Notes and the 2018 Notes, the “Convertible Notes”). We pay cash interest at an annual rate of 2.625%, on a semi-annual basis. The 2041 Notes may be converted, under certain circumstances, into our Common Stock based on a conversion rate of 28.8585 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes, which represents a conversion price of approximately $34.65 per share of Common Stock. The conversion price will be subject to adjustment for certain events, including dividends on our Common Stock.
During the quarter-ended June 28, 2015, the market value of our Common Stock was greater than or equal to 130% of the Convertible Notes conversion prices for 20 or more trading days of the 30 consecutive trading days preceding the quarter end. As a result, the Convertible Notes are convertible at the option of the holder and are classified as current liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheets for fiscal year 2015.
On March 12, 2015, we completed a public offering of $500 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due March 15, 2020 (the “2020 Notes”) and $500 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due March 15, 2025 (the “2025 Notes,” together with the 2020 Notes, the “Senior Notes”, and collectively with the Convertible Notes, the “Notes”). We will pay interest at an annual rate of 2.75% and 3.80%, respectively, on the 2020 Notes and 2025 Notes, on a semi-annual basis on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning September 15, 2015.
We may redeem the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of such series (“par”), plus a “make whole” premium as described in the indenture in respect to the Senior Notes and accrued and unpaid interest before February 15, 2020, for the 2020 Notes and before December 15, 2024, for the 2025 Notes. We may redeem the Senior Notes at par, plus accrued and unpaid interest at any time on or after February 15, 2020 for the 2020 Notes and on or after December 24, 2024 for the 2025 Notes. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events, as described in the indenture, we will be required to make an offer to repurchase the Senior Notes at a price equal to 101% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest.
During fiscal year 2015, 2014, and 2013, we made $1.5 million, $1.7 million, and $2.2 million, respectively, in principal payments on long-term debt and capital leases, respectively.
Revolving Credit Arrangements
On March 12, 2014, we entered into a $300 million revolving unsecured credit facility with a syndicate of lenders that matures on March 12, 2019. The facility includes an option for us to, subject to certain requirements, request an increase in the facility of up to an additional $200 million, for a potential total commitment of $500 million.
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Proceeds from the credit facility can be used for general corporate purposes. Interest on amounts borrowed under the credit facility is, at our option, based on (i) a base rate, defined as the greatest of (a) prime rate, (b) Federal Funds rate plus 0.5%, or (c) one-month LIBOR plus 1.0%, plus a spread of 0.0% to 0.5% or (ii) LIBOR plus a spread of 0.9% to 1.5%, in each case the applicable spread is determined based on the rating of our non-credit enhanced, senior unsecured long-term debt. Principal, and any accrued and unpaid interest, is due and payable upon maturity. Additionally, we will pay the lenders a quarterly commitment fee that varies based on our rating described above. The credit facility contains certain restrictive covenants including maintaining a consolidated debt to total capitalization ratio of no more than 0.5 to 1.0 and maintaining unrestricted or unencumbered cash and investments, of no less than $1.0 billion. As of June 28, 2015, we had no borrowings outstanding under the credit facility and were in compliance with all financial covenants.
Other Guarantees
We have issued certain indemnifications to our lessors for taxes and general liability under some of our agreements. We have entered into certain insurance contracts that may limit our exposure to such indemnifications. As of June 28, 2015, we had not recorded any liability on our Consolidated Financial Statements in connection with these indemnifications, as we do not believe, based on information available, that it is probable that we will pay any amounts under these guarantees.
Generally, we indemnify, under pre-determined conditions and limitations, our customers for infringement of third-party intellectual property rights by our products or services. We seek to limit our liability for such indemnity to an amount not to exceed the sales price of the products or services subject to our indemnification obligations. We do not believe, based on information available, that it is probable that we will pay any material amounts under these guarantees.
We provide guarantees and standby letters of credit to certain parties as required for certain transactions initiated during the ordinary course of business. As of June 28, 2015, the maximum potential amount of future payments that we could be required to make under these arrangements and letters of credit was $15.5 million. We do not believe, based on historical experience and information currently available, that it is probable that any amounts will be required to be paid.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
| --- | --- |
Investments
We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types, and maturities. As of June 28, 2015, our mutual funds are classified as trading securities. Investments classified as trading securities are recorded at fair value based upon quoted market prices. Any material differences between the cost and fair value of trading securities is recognized as “Other income (expense)” in our Consolidated Statement of Operations. All of our other short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and consequently are recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
Interest Rate Risk
Fixed Income Securities
Our investments in various interest earning securities carry a degree of market risk for changes in interest rates. At any time, a sharp rise in interest rates could have a material adverse impact on the fair value of our fixed income investment portfolio. Conversely, declines in interest rates could have a material adverse impact on interest income for our investment portfolio. We target to maintain a conservative investment policy, which focuses on the safety and preservation of our capital by limiting default risk, market risk, reinvestment risk, and concentration risk. The following table presents the hypothetical fair values of fixed income securities that would result from selected potential decreases and increases in interest rates. Market changes reflect immediate hypothetical parallel shifts in
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the yield curve of plus or minus 50 basis points (“BPS”), 100 BPS, and 150 BPS. The hypothetical fair values as of June 28, 2015 were as follows:
| Valuation of Securities Given an Interest Rate Decrease of X Basis Points | Fair Value as of June 28, 2015 | Valuation of Securities Given an Interest Rate Increase of X Basis Points | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (150 BPS) | (100 BPS) | (50 BPS) | 0.00% | 50 BPS | 100 BPS | 150 BPS | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Time Deposit | $ | 177,567 | $ | 177,567 | $ | 177,567 | $ | 177,567 | $ | 177,567 | $ | 177,567 | $ | 177,567 | ||||||||||||||
| Municipal Notes and Bonds | 664,269 | 663,950 | 662,706 | 659,644 | 656,254 | 652,863 | 649,473 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| US Treasury & Agencies | 360,447 | 359,598 | 356,415 | 352,223 | 347,915 | 343,611 | 339,307 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Government-Sponsored Enterprises | 54,961 | 54,678 | 54,032 | 53,365 | 52,696 | 52,025 | 51,355 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign Government Bonds | 51,364 | 51,170 | 50,719 | 50,206 | 49,694 | 49,181 | 48,668 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Bank and Corporate Notes | 1,355,199 | 1,347,658 | 1,337,307 | 1,326,475 | 1,315,444 | 1,304,414 | 1,293,385 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage Backed Securities - Residential | 32,523 | 32,372 | 32,200 | 32,011 | 31,815 | 31,619 | 31,423 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage Backed Securities - Commercial | 143,246 | 142,688 | 142,066 | 141,426 | 140,788 | 140,148 | 139,509 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,839,576 | $ | 2,829,681 | $ | 2,813,012 | $ | 2,792,917 | $ | 2,772,173 | $ | 2,751,428 | $ | 2,730,687 | ||||||||||||||
We mitigate default risk by investing in high credit quality securities and by positioning our portfolio to respond appropriately to a significant reduction in a credit rating of any investment issuer or guarantor. The portfolio includes only marketable securities with active secondary or resale markets to achieve portfolio liquidity and maintain a prudent amount of diversification.
Long-Term Debt
As of June 28, 2015, we had $3.6 billion in principal amount of fixed-rate long-term debt outstanding, with a fair value of $3.9 billion. The fair value of our Notes is subject to interest rate risk, market risk, and other factors due to the convertible feature, as applicable. Generally, the fair value of Notes will increase as interest rates fall and decrease as interest rates rise. Additionally, the fair value of the Convertible Notes will increase as our Common Stock price increases and decrease as our Common Stock price decreases. The interest and market value changes affect the fair value of our Notes but do not impact our financial position, cash flows, or results of operations due to the fixed nature of the debt obligations. We do not carry the Notes at fair value, but present the fair value of the principal amount of our Notes for disclosure purposes.
Equity Price Risk
Publicly Traded Securities
The values of our investments in publicly traded securities, including mutual funds related to our obligations under our deferred compensation plans, are subject to market price risk. The following table presents the hypothetical fair values of our publicly traded securities that would result from potential decreases and increases in the price of each security in the portfolio. Potential fluctuations in the price of each security in the portfolio of plus or minus 10%, 15%, or 25% were selected based on potential near-term changes in those security prices. The hypothetical fair values as of June 28, 2015 were as follows:
| Valuation of Securities Given an X% Decrease in Stock Price | Fair Value as of June 28, 2015 | Valuation of Securities Given an X% Increase in Stock Price | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (25%) | (15%) | (10%) | 0.00% | 10% | 15% | 25% | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mutual Funds | $ | 25,097 | $ | 28,444 | $ | 30,117 | 33,463 | $ | 36,809 | $ | 38,482 | $ | 41,829 |
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Foreign Currency Exchange (“FX”) Risk
We conduct business on a global basis in several major international currencies. As such, we are potentially exposed to adverse as well as beneficial movements in foreign currency exchange rates. The majority of our revenues and expenses are denominated in U.S. dollars. However, we are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations primarily related to revenues denominated in Japanese yen and euro-denominated and Korean won-denominated expenses.
We enter into foreign currency forward contracts to minimize the short-term impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations on certain foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily third party accounts receivables, accounts payables and intercompany receivables and payables. In addition, we hedge certain anticipated foreign currency cash flows, primarily on Japanese yen-denominated revenues and euro-denominated and Korean won-denominated expenses.
To protect against the reduction in value of anticipated revenues denominated in Japanese yen and euro-denominated and Korean won-denominated expenses, we enter into foreign currency forward contracts that generally expire within 12 months, and no later than 24 months. These foreign currency forward contracts are designated as cash flow hedges and are carried on our balance sheet at fair value, with the effective portion of the contracts’ gains or losses included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently recognized in earnings in the same period the hedged revenue and/or expense is recognized. We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the gains and losses generated by the remeasurement of certain non-U.S.-dollar denominated monetary assets and liabilities, primarily third party accounts receivables, accounts payables and intercompany receivables and payables. The change in fair value of these balance sheet hedge contracts is recorded into earnings as a component of other income (expense), net and offsets the change in fair value of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities also recorded in other income (expense), net, assuming the hedge contract fully covers the intercompany and trade receivable balances. The notional amount and unrealized gain of our outstanding forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedges, as of June 28, 2015 are shown in the table below. This table also shows the change in fair value of these cash flow hedges assuming a hypothetical foreign currency exchange rate movement of plus-or-minus 10 percent and plus-or-minus 15 percent.
| Notional Amount | Unrealized FX Gain / (Loss) June 28, 2015 | Valuation of Fx Contracts Given an X% Increase (+)/Decrease(-) in Each | ||||||||||||||||
| + / - (10%) | + / - (15%) | |||||||||||||||||
| (in $ Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Cash Flow Hedge | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sell | Japanese Yen | $ | 18.9 | $ | 2.8 | $ | 1.6 | $ | 2.4 | |||||||||
| Buy | Korean Won | $ | 7.3 | ($ | 0.1 | ) | $ | 0.7 | $ | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Buy | Euro | $ | 34.4 | ($ | 0.2 | ) | $ | 3.4 | $ | 5.1 | ||||||||
| $ | 2.5 | $ | 5.7 | $ | 8.6 |
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The notional amount and unrealized loss of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that are designated as balance sheet hedges, as of June 28, 2015 are shown in the table below. This table also shows the change in fair value of these balance sheet hedges, assuming a hypothetical foreign currency exchange rate movement of plus-or-minus 10 percent and plus-or-minus 15 percent. These changes in fair values would be offset in other income (expense), net, by corresponding change in fair values of the foreign currency denominated monetary assets and liabilities, assuming the hedge contract fully covers the intercompany and trade receivable balances.
| Notional Amount | Unrealized FX Gain / (Loss) June 28, 2015 | Valuation of Fx Contracts Given an X% Increase (+)/Decrease(-) in Each | ||||||||||||||||
| + / - (10%) | + / - (15%) | |||||||||||||||||
| (in $ Millions) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Balance Sheet Hedge | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sell | Japanese Yen | $ | 49.9 | $ | — | $ | 5.0 | $ | 7.5 | |||||||||
| Buy | Korean Won | $ | 8.9 | $ | — | $ | 0.9 | $ | 1.3 | |||||||||
| Sell | Swiss Francs | $ | 3.3 | $ | — | $ | 0.3 | $ | 0.5 | |||||||||
| Buy | Taiwan Dollar | $ | 22.1 | ($ | 0.4 | ) | $ | 2.1 | $ | 3.2 | ||||||||
| Buy | Euro | $ | 4.0 | $ | — | $ | 0.4 | $ | 0.6 | |||||||||
| ($ | 0.4 | ) | $ | 8.7 | $ | 13.1 |
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
| --- | --- |
Index to Consolidated Financial Statements
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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 5,259,312 | $ | 4,607,309 | $ | 3,598,916 | ||||||
| Cost of goods sold | 2,974,976 | 2,599,828 | 2,195,857 | |||||||||
| Gross margin | 2,284,336 | 2,007,481 | 1,403,059 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 825,242 | 716,471 | 683,688 | |||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 591,611 | 613,341 | 601,300 | |||||||||
| Goodwill impairment | 79,444 | — | — | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | 1,496,297 | 1,329,812 | 1,284,988 | |||||||||
| Operating income | 788,039 | 677,669 | 118,071 | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of real estate | — | 83,090 | — | |||||||||
| Other expense, net | (47,189 | ) | (37,396 | ) | (51,413 | ) | ||||||
| Income before income taxes | 740,850 | 723,363 | 66,658 | |||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (85,273 | ) | (91,074 | ) | 47,221 | |||||||
| Net income | $ | 655,577 | $ | 632,289 | $ | 113,879 | ||||||
| Net income per share: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 4.11 | $ | 3.84 | $ | 0.67 | ||||||
| Diluted | $ | 3.70 | $ | 3.62 | $ | 0.66 | ||||||
| Number of shares used in per share calculations: | ||||||||||||
| Basic | 159,629 | 164,741 | 168,932 | |||||||||
| Diluted | 177,067 | 174,503 | 173,430 | |||||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
| Year Ended | ||||||||||||
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | June 30, 2013 | ||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 655,577 | $ | 632,289 | $ | 113,879 | ||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: | ||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation adjustment | (22,139 | ) | 4,192 | 5,303 | ||||||||
| Cash flow hedges: | ||||||||||||
| Net unrealized gains during the period | 1,595 | 8,004 | 10,607 | |||||||||
| Net gains reclassified into earnings | (4,388 | ) | (10,892 | ) | (7,573 | ) | ||||||
| (2,793 | ) | (2,888 | ) | 3,034 | ||||||||
| Available-for-sale investments: | ||||||||||||
| Net unrealized gains (losses) during the period | (5,389 | ) | 1,407 | (3,844 | ) | |||||||
| Net losses reclassified into earnings | 71 | 165 | 4,137 | |||||||||
| (5,318 | ) | 1,572 | 293 | |||||||||
| Defined benefit plans, net change in unrealized component | 1,109 | (2,838 | ) | (3,505 | ) | |||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (29,141 | ) | 38 | 5,125 | ||||||||
| Comprehensive income | $ | 626,436 | $ | 632,327 | $ | 119,004 | ||||||
See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
| June 28, 2015 | June 29, 2014 | |||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,501,539 | $ | 1,452,677 | ||||
| Short-term investments | 2,574,947 | 1,612,967 | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,890 as of June 28, 2015 and $4,962 as of June 29, 2014 | 1,093,582 | 800,616 | ||||||
| Inventories | 943,346 | 740,503 | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 157,435 | 176,899 | ||||||
| Total current assets | 6,270,849 | 4,783,662 | ||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 621,418 | 543,496 | ||||||
| Restricted cash and investments | 170,969 | 146,492 | ||||||
| Goodwill | 1,387,509 | 1,466,225 | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net | 728,140 | 894,078 | ||||||
| Other assets | 185,763 | 159,353 | ||||||
| Total assets | $ | 9,364,648 | $ | 7,993,306 | ||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ||||||||
| Trade accounts payable | $ | 300,203 | $ | 223,515 | ||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 649,438 | 604,296 | ||||||
| Deferred profit | 322,070 | 235,923 | ||||||
| Current portion of convertible notes and capital leases | 1,359,650 | 518,267 | ||||||
| Total current liabilities | 2,631,361 | 1,582,001 | ||||||
| Senior notes, convertible notes, and capital leases, less current portion | 1,001,382 | 817,202 | ||||||
| Income taxes payable | 202,930 | 258,357 | ||||||
| Other long-term liabilities | 184,023 | 122,662 | ||||||
| Total liabilities | 4,019,696 | 2,780,222 | ||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | ||||||||
| Temporary equity, convertible notes | 241,808 | 183,349 | ||||||
| Stockholders’ equity: | ||||||||
| Preferred stock, at par value of $0.001 per share; authorized - 5,000 shares, none outstanding | — | — | ||||||
| Commmon stock, at par value of $0.001 per share; authorized - 400,000 shares; issued and outstanding - 158,531 shares at June 28, 2015 and 162,350 shares at June 29, 2014 | 159 | 162 | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 5,366,773 | 5,239,567 | ||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost, 99,562 shares at June 28, 2015 and 92,867 sha |
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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
| --- | --- |
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
| --- | --- |
Design of Disclosure Controls and Procedures and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over final reporting that are designed to comply with Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the controls and procedures associated with each, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and that the effectiveness of controls cannot be absolute because the cost to design and implement a control to identify errors or mitigate the risk of errors occurring should not outweigh the potential loss caused by the errors that would likely be detected by the control. Moreover, we believe that a control system cannot be guaranteed to be 100% effective all of the time. Accordingly, a control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of June 28, 2015, we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e). Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer each concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective at the reasonable assurance level.
We intend to review and evaluate the design and effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures on an ongoing basis and to correct any material deficiencies that we may discover. Our goal is to ensure that our senior management has timely access to material information that could affect our business.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate “internal control over financial reporting”, as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Controls — Integrated Framework used by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 Framework). Based on that evaluation, management has concluded that the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of June 28, 2015 at providing reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report, which is included in Part II, Item 8 of this 2015 Form 10-K.
Effectiveness of Controls
While we believe the present design of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting is effective at the reasonable assurance level, future events affecting our business may cause us to modify our disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
| --- | --- |
None.
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PART III
We have omitted from this 2015 Form 10-K certain information required by Part III because we, as the Registrant, will file a definitive proxy statement with the SEC within 120 days after the end of our fiscal year, pursuant to Regulation 14A, as promulgated by the SEC, for our Annual Meeting of Stockholders expected to be held on or about November 4, 2015 (the “Proxy Statement”), and certain information included in the Proxy Statement is incorporated into this report by reference. (However, the Reports of the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee in the Proxy Statement are expressly not incorporated by reference into this report.)
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
| --- | --- |
For information regarding our executive officers, see Part I, Item 1 of this 2015 Form 10-K under the caption “Executive Officers of the Company,” which information is incorporated into Part III by reference.
The information concerning our directors required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the heading “Voting Proposals — Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors — Nominees for Directors.”
The information concerning our audit committee and audit committee financial experts required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the heading “Governance Matters — Corporate Governance — Board Committees — Audit Committee.”
The information concerning compliance by our officers, directors and 10% shareholders with Section 16 of the Exchange Act required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the heading “Share Ownership – Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
The Company has adopted a Corporate Code of Ethics that applies to all employees, officers, and directors of the Company. Our Code of Ethics is publicly available on the investor relations page of our website at http://investor.lamresearch.com. To the extent required by law, any amendments to, or waivers from, any provision of the Code of Ethics will promptly be disclosed to the public. To the extent permitted by applicable legal requirements, we intend to make any required public disclosure by posting the relevant material on our website in accordance with SEC rules.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
| --- | --- |
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the heading “Compensation Matters — Executive Compensation and Other Information.”
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
| --- | --- |
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the headings “Voting Proposals — Proposal No. 1: Election of Directors,” “Compensation Matters — Executive Compensation and Other Information Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Matters — Executive Compensation and Other Information — Compensation Committee Report,” “Share Ownership — Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” and “Compensation Matters — Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans.”
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
| --- | --- |
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the headings “Audit Matters — Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Governance Matters — Corporate Governance”.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services
| --- | --- |
The information required by this Item is incorporated by reference to our Proxy Statement under the heading “Audit Matters — Relationship with Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
| --- | --- |
| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K |
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- Index to Financial Statements
| Page | ||||
| Consolidated Statements of Operations — Years Ended June 28, 2015, June 29, 2014, and June 30, 2013 | 49 | |||
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income — Years Ended June 28, 2015, June 29, 2014, and June 30, 2013 | 50 | |||
| Consolidated Balance Sheets — June 28, 2015 and June 29, 2014 | 51 | |||
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows — Years Ended June 28, 2015, June 29, 2014, and June 30, 2013 | 52 | |||
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity — Years Ended June 28, 2015, June 29, 2014, and June 30, 2013 | 54 | |||
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 55 | |||
| Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 89 | |||
| 2. Index to Financial Statement Schedules | ||||
| Schedule II — Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | 96 | |||
| Schedules, other than those listed above, have been omitted since they are not applicable/not required, or the information is included elsewhere herein. | ||||
| 3. See (b) of this Item 15, which is incorporated herein by reference. |
| (b) | The list of Exhibits follows page 96 of this 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K and is incorporated herein by this reference. |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
| LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION | ||
| By | /s/ Martin B. Anstice | |
| Martin B. Anstice | ||
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
Dated: August 13, 2015
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POWER OF ATTORNEY AND SIGNATURES
By signing this Annual Report on Form 10-K below, I hereby appoint each of Martin B. Anstice and Douglas R. Bettinger, jointly and severally, as my attorney-in-fact to sign all amendments to this Form 10-K on my behalf, and to file this Form 10-K (including all exhibits and other related documents) with the Securities and Exchange Commission. I authorize each of my attorneys-in-fact to (1) appoint a substitute attorney-in-fact for himself and (2) perform any actions that he believes are necessary or appropriate to carry out the intention and purpose of this Power of Attorney. I ratify and confirm all lawful actions taken directly or indirectly by my attorneys-in-fact and by any properly appointed substitute attorneys-in-fact.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
| Signatures | Title | Date | ||
| Principal Executive Officer | ||||
| /s/ Martin B. Anstice Martin B. Anstice | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer | ||||
| /s/ Douglas R. Bettinger Douglas R. Bettinger | Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Accounting Officer | August 13, 2015 | ||
| Other Directors /s/ Stephen G. Newberry Stephen G. Newberry | Chairman | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Eric K. Brandt Eric K. Brandt | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Michael R. Cannon Michael R. Cannon | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Youssef A. El-Mansy Youssef A. El-Mansy | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Christine Heckart Christine Heckart | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Grant M. Inman Grant M. Inman | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Catherine P. Lego Catherine P. Lego | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Krishna Saraswat Krishna Saraswat | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ William R. Spivey William R. Spivey | Director | August 13, 2015 | ||
| /s/ Abhi Talwalkar Abhi Talwalkar | Director | August 13, 2015 |
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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
SCHEDULE II — VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
| Additions | ||||||||||||||||
| Description | Balance at Beginning of Period | Charged to Costs and Expenses | Write-offs, Net of Recoveries (1) | Balance at End of Period | ||||||||||||
| YEAR ENDED JUNE 28, 2015 | ||||||||||||||||
| Deducted from asset accounts: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 4,962 | $ | 8 | $ | (80 | ) | $ | 4,890 | |||||||
| YEAR ENDED JUNE 29, 2014 | ||||||||||||||||
| Deducted from asset accounts: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 5,448 | $ | 14 | $ | (500 | ) | $ | 4,962 | |||||||
| YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
| Deducted from asset accounts: | ||||||||||||||||
| Allowance for doubtful accounts | $ | 5,248 | $ | 200 | $ | — | $ | 5,448 |
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LAM RESEARCH CORPORATION
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 28, 2015
EXHIBIT INDEX
| Exhibit | Description | |
| 3.1(2) | Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant, dated September 7, 1989; as amended by the Agreement and Plan of Merger, Dated February 28, 1990; the Certificate of Amendment dated October 28, 1993; the Certificate of Ownership and Merger dated December 15, 1994; the Certificate of Ownership and Merger dated June 25, 1999 and the Certificate of Amendment effective as of March 7, 2000; and the Certificate of Amendment effective as of November 5, 2009. | |
| 3.2(15) | Bylaws of the Registrant, as amended and restated, dated November 7, 2014. | |
| 3.3(2) | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Junior Participating Preferred Stock dated January 30, 1997. | |
| 4.1(7) | Indenture (including Form of Notes), dated as of May 11, 2011, by and between Lam Research Corporation, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A, as trustee, with respect to the 2016 Notes | |
| 4.2(7) | Indenture (including Form of Notes), dated as of May 11, 2011, by and between Lam Research Corporation, and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A, as trustee, with respect to the 2018 Notes | |
| 4.14(4)* | Lam Research Corporation 2004 Executive Incentive Plan, as amended. | |
| 4.15(27)* | Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended. | |
| 4.16(8)* | Lam Research Corporation Elective Deferred Compensation Plan. | |
| 4.17(8)* | Lam Research Corporation Elective Deferred Compensation Plan II. | |
| 4.18(9) | Indenture between Novellus Systems, Inc. as Issuer and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. as Trustee, dated as of May 10, 2011, including the form of 2.625% Senior Convertible Notes due 2041. | |
| 4.19(6) | Supplemental Indenture among the Registrant, as Guarantor, Novellus Systems, Inc. as Issuer and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. as Trustee, dated as of June 4, 2012. | |
| 4.20(16)* | Lam Research Corporation 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as amended. | |
| 4.21(23) | Indenture (including Form of Notes), dated as of February 13, 2015, between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. | |
| 4.22(25) | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 12, 2015, by and between Lam Research Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee | |
| 10.3(1)* | Form of Indemnification Agreement. | |
| 10.107(3) | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement—Outside Directors (U.S. Agreement) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. | |
| 10.108(3) | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement—Outside Directors (non-U.S. Agreement) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan. | |
| 10.148(5)* | Form of Indemnification Agreement. |
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| Exhibit | Description | |
| 10.151(6)* | Form of Indemnification Agreement. | |
| 10.162(10)* | Form of Novellus Directors and Officers Indemnification Agreement. | |
| 10.168(11) | Lease Guaranty between Novellus and Phoenix Industrial Investment Partners, L.P. dated January 21, 2003. | |
| 10.169(12) | Binding Memorandum of Understanding between Novellus, and Applied Materials, Inc., effective as of September 3, 2004. Portions of this exhibit have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment. | |
| 10.170(13)* | Novellus Amended Executive Voluntary Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended. | |
| 10.171(14)* | Novellus Accelerated Stock Vesting Retirement Plan Summary. | |
| 10.172(17)* | Novellus Systems, Inc. 2011 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended July 18, 2012. | |
| 10.181(18)* | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (U.S. Participants) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | |
| 10.182(18)* | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (International Participants) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | |
| 10.183(18)* | Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Award Agreement (U.S. Participants) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | |
| 10.184(18)* | Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Award Agreement (International Participants) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | |
| 10.187(18)* | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (U.S. Participants) — Lam Research Corporation (Novellus Systems, Inc.) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended) | |
| 10.188(18)* | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (International Participants) — Lam Research Corporation (Novellus Systems, Inc.) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended) | |
| 10.189(18)* | Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Award Agreement (U.S. Participants) — Lam Research Corporation (Novellus Systems, Inc.) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended) | |
| 10.191(18)* | Form of Nonstatutory Stock Option Award Agreement (International Participants) — Lam Research Corporation (Novellus Systems, Inc.) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended) | |
| 10.194(18) | Participation Agreement between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.195(18) | Amended and Restated Lease Agreement (1 Portola Avenue Building) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.196(18) | Pledge Agreement (1 Portola Avenue Building) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.197(18) | Amended and Restated Lease Agreement (101 Portola Avenue Building) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.198(18) | Pledge Agreement (101 Portola Avenue Building) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.199(18) | Amended and Restated Lease Agreement (Fremont Building #1) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.200(18) | Pledge Agreement (Fremont Building #1) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 |
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| Exhibit | Description | |
| 10.201(18) | Amended and Restated Lease Agreement (Fremont Building #3) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.202(18) | Pledge Agreement (Fremont Building #3) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.203(18) | Amended and Restated Lease Agreement (Fremont Building #3E) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.204(18) | Pledge Agreement (Fremont Building #3E) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.205(18) | Amended and Restated Lease Agreement (Fremont Building #4) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.206(18) | Pledge Agreement (Fremont Building #4) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.207(18) | Construction Agency Agreement (Fremont Building #3E) between Lam Research Corporation and BTMU Capital Leasing & Finance, Inc., dated December 31, 2013 | |
| 10.211(19)* | Form of Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (U.S. Participants) — Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | |
| 10.212(19)* | Form of Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (International Participants)—Lam Research Corporation 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | |
| 10.213(19)* | Form of Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (U.S. Participants) — Lam Research Corporation (Novellus Systems, Inc.) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended) | |
| 10.214(19)* | Form of Market-Based Performance Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (International Participants) — Lam Research Corporation (Novellus Systems, Inc.) 2011 Stock Incentive Plan (As Amended) | |
| 10.221(20) | Credit Agreement dated March 12, 2014 among Lam Research Corporation and the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, Bank of America, N.A., as syndication agent, BNP Paribas, Barclays Bank PLC, Citibank, N.A. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as co-documentation agents, and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers | |
| 10.231(21)* | Employment Agreement with Martin B. Anstice, dated January 13, 2015 | |
| 10.232(21)* | Employment Agreement with Timothy M. Archer, dated January 13, 2015 | |
| 10.233(21)* | Employment Agreement with Douglas R. Bettinger, dated January 13, 2015 | |
| 10.234(21)* | Employment Agreement with Richard A. Gottscho, dated January 13, 2015 | |
| 10.235(21)* | Form of Change in Control Agreement. | |
| 10.236(22) | Chairman’s Agreement with Stephen G. Newberry, dated January 13, 2015 | |
| 10.237(22) | Form of Confidentiality Agreement | |
| 10.242(24) | First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated March 5, 2015 among Lam Research Corporation, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A., as administrative agent | |
| 20.1(26) | Notices of Adjustment of Conversion Rate pursuant to the Indentures dated May 11, 2011, by and between Lam Research Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. as Trustee with respect to the 0.500% Senior Convertible Notes Due 2016 and the 1.250% Senior |
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| Exhibit | Description | |
| Convertible Notes Due 2018, and Notice of Adjustment of Conversion Rate pursuant to the indenture dated May 10, 2011, by and between Novellus Systems Incorporated and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust company, N.A. as Trustee with respect to the 2.625% Senior Convertible Notes Due 2041. | ||
| 21 | Subsidiaries of the Registrant. | |
| 23.1 | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. | |
| 24 | Power of Attorney (See Signature page) | |
| 31.1 | Rule 13a — 14(a) / 15d — 14(a) Certification (Principal Executive Officer) | |
| 31.2 | Rule 13a — 14(a) / 15d — 14(a) Certification (Principal Financial Officer) | |
| 32.1 | Section 1350 Certification — (Principal Executive Officer) | |
| 32.2 | Section 1350 Certification — (Principal Financial Officer) | |
| 101 | XBRL Instance Document | |
| 101 | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101 | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101 | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101 | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101 | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |
| (1) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended April 3, 1988 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (2) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Amendment No. 2 to its Annual Report on Form 10K/A filed on May 2, 2001, and Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 10, 2009 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (3) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on April 30, 2007 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (4) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 23, 2010 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (5) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 13, 2008 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (6) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 4, 2012 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (7) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 11, 2011 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (8) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 19, 2011 (SEC File No. 000-12933) |
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| (9) | Incorporated by reference to Novellus’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 10, 2011 (SEC File No. 000-17157). |
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| (10) | Incorporated by reference to Novellus’ Current Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 13, 2002 (SEC File No. 000-17157). |
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| (11) | Incorporated by reference to Novellus’ Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 5, 2003 (SEC File No. 000-17157). |
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| (12) | Incorporated by reference to Novellus’ Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 24, 2004 (SEC File No. 000-17157). |
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| (13) | Incorporated by reference to Novellus’ Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 5, 2008 (SEC File No. 000-17157). |
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| (14) | Incorporated by reference to Novellus’ Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 2, 2010 (SEC File No. 000-17157). |
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| (15) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 12, 2014 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (16) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on January 31, 2013 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (17) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 22, 2012 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (18) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 6, 2014 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (19) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 18, 2014 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (20) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 13, 2014 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (21) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2015 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (22) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on February 3, 2015 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (23) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed on February 13, 2015 (SEC File No. 333-202110). |
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| (24) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 11, 2015 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (25) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 12, 2015 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (26) | Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 16, 2015 (SEC File No. 000-12933). |
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| (27) | Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on August 27, 2013 (SEC File No. 000-12933) |
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| * | Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement in which executive officers of the Company are eligible to participate. |
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