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Item 7A. — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

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Item 7A. — QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Market risk is the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, such as interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices. Our primary exposure to market risk is interest rate risk associated with our variable rate long-term debt, which we attempt to manage through the use of interest rate cap agreements. We do not hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes and do not enter into derivative transactions that would be considered speculative positions. Our derivative financial instruments consist exclusively of interest rate cap agreements, which do not qualify for hedge accounting. Interest differentials resulting from these agreements are recorded on an accrual basis as an adjustment to interest expense.

To manage exposure to counterparty credit risk in interest rate cap agreements, we enter into agreements with highly rated institutions that can be expected to fully perform under the terms of such agreements. Frequently, these institutions are also members of the bank group providing our credit facilities, which management believes further minimizes the risk of nonperformance.

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The table below provides information about our financial instruments that are sensitive to changes in interest rates. For debt obligations, the table presents notional amounts and weighted average interest rates by contractual maturity dates. Notional amounts are used to calculate the contractual payments to be exchanged under the contract. Weighted average variable rates are based on December 31, 2010, LIBOR, HIBOR and SOR plus the applicable interest rate spread in accordance with the respective debt agreements. The information is presented in U.S. dollar equivalents, which is the Company’s reporting currency, for the years ending December 31:

Fair
20112012201320142015ThereafterTotalValue(1)
(In millions)
LIABILITIES
Long term debt
Fixed rate$—$—$—$—$189.7$—$189.7$193.0
Average interest rate(2)—%—%—%—%6.4%—%6.4%
Variable rate$764.4$1,480.3$1,408.7$1,544.8$3,060.0$1,667.8$9,926.0$9,526.9
Average interest rate(2)3.5%4.1%3.9%2.6%2.8%3.0%3.2%
ASSETS
Cap Agreements(3)$—$0.2$1.4$—$—$—$1.6$1.6
(1)The estimated fair values are based on quoted market prices, if available, or by pricing models based on the value of related cash flows discounted at current market interest rates.
(2)Based upon contractual interest rates for fixed rate indebtedness or current LIBOR, HIBOR and SOR for variable rate indebtedness. Based on variable rate debt levels as of December 31, 2010, an assumed 100 basis point change in LIBOR, HIBOR and SOR would cause our annual interest cost to change approximately $97.9 million.
(3)As of December 31, 2010, we have thirty four interest rate cap agreements with an aggregate fair value of $1.6 million based on quoted market values from the institutions holding the agreements.

Borrowings under the U.S. credit facility, as amended, bear interest, at our election, at either an adjusted Eurodollar rate or at an alternative base rate plus a credit spread. The portions of the revolving facility and term loans that were not extended bear interest at the alternative base rate plus 0.5% per annum or 0.75% per annum, respectively, or at the adjusted Eurodollar rate plus 1.5% per annum or 1.75% per annum, respectively. The extended revolving facility and extended term loans bear interest at the alternative base rate plus 1.25% per annum or 1.75% per annum, respectively, or at the adjusted Eurodollar rate plus 2.25% per annum or 2.75% per annum, respectively. Applicable spreads under the U.S. credit facility are subject to downward adjustments based upon our credit rating. Borrowings under the VML credit facility, as amended, bear interest, at our election, at either an adjusted Eurodollar rate (or in the case of the local term loan, adjusted HIBOR) plus 4.5% per annum or at an alternative base rate plus 3.5% per annum. Applicable spreads under the VML revolving facility are subject to a downward adjustment if certain consolidated leverage ratios are satisfied. Borrowings under the VOL Credit Facility bear interest at either the adjusted Eurodollar rate or an alternative base rate (in the case of U.S. dollar denominated loans or HIBOR, in the case of Hong Kong dollar and Macau pataca denominated loans), as applicable, plus a spread of 4.5% per annum. Borrowings under the Singapore credit facility bear interest at SOR plus a spread of 2.25% per annum. Borrowings under the airplane financings bear interest at LIBOR plus approximately 1.5% per annum. Borrowings under the ferry financing, as amended, bear interest at HIBOR plus 2.5% per annum.

Foreign currency transaction losses for the year ended December 31, 2010, were $3.7 million primarily due to U.S. denominated debt held in Macau. We may be vulnerable to changes in the U.S. dollar/pataca exchange rate. Based on balances as of December 31, 2010, an assumed 1% change in the U.S. dollar/pataca exchange rate would cause a foreign currency transaction gain/loss of approximately $21.2 million. We do not hedge our exposure to foreign currencies; however, we maintain a significant amount of our operating funds in the same currencies in which we have obligations thereby reducing our exposure to currency fluctuations.

See also “— Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Item 8 — Financial Statements and Supplementary Data — Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements — Note 9 — Long-Term Debt.”

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