Item 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

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Item 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited)

	Stockholders’ Equity
	Common Stock				Additional Paid-In Capital		Class A Treasury Stock		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Mastercard Incorporated Stockholders' Equity		Non- Controlling Interests		Total Equity
	Class A		Class B
	(in millions)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Balance at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	6,442	$	(71,431)	$	72,907	$	(1,433)	$	6,485	$	30	$	6,515
Net income	—		—		—		—		3,280		—		3,280		—		3,280
Activity related to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(5)		(5)

Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		—		278		278		—		278
Dividends	—		—		—		—		(692)		—		(692)		—		(692)
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—		—		(2,573)		—		—		(2,573)		—		(2,573)
Share-based payments	—		—		(116)		9		—		—		(107)		—		(107)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	6,326	$	(73,995)	$	75,495	$	(1,155)	$	6,671	$	25	$	6,696








Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	—	$	—	$	5,893	$	(60,429)	$	62,564	$	(1,099)	$	6,929	$	46	$	6,975
Net income	—		—		—		—		3,011		—		3,011		—		3,011
Activity related to non-controlling interests	—		—		—		—		—		—		—		(3)		(3)

Redeemable non-controlling interest adjustments	—		—		—		—		(1)		—		(1)		—		(1)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	—		—		—		—		—		(103)		(103)		—		(103)
Dividends	—		—		—		—		(615)		—		(615)		—		(615)
Purchases of treasury stock	—		—		—		(2,013)		—		—		(2,013)		—		(2,013)
Share-based payments	—		—		27		8		—		—		35		—		35
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	5,920	$	(62,434)	$	64,959	$	(1,202)	$	7,243	$	43	$	7,286

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 9

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)


Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
	(in millions)
Operating Activities
Net income	$	3,280	$	3,011
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization of customer incentives	476		411
Depreciation and amortization	275		216
(Gains) losses on equity investments, net	29		(6)
Share-based compensation	129		108
Deferred income taxes	37		3
Other	38		32
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(118)		(219)

Settlement assets	(296)		(417)
Prepaid expenses	(1,458)		(1,490)
Accrued litigation and legal settlements	119		(127)
Restricted security deposits held for customers	26		16
Accounts payable	80		(21)
Settlement obligations	124		430
Accrued expenses	(784)		(446)

Net change in other assets and liabilities	423		171
Net cash provided by operating activities	2,380		1,672
Investing Activities
Purchases of investment securities available-for-sale	(119)		(95)
Purchases of investments held-to-maturity	(8)		(66)
Proceeds from sales of investment securities available-for-sale	49		22
Proceeds from maturities of investment securities available-for-sale	76		67
Proceeds from maturities of investments held-to-maturity	16		284
Purchases of property and equipment	(159)		(157)
Capitalized software	(198)		(221)




Other investing activities	3		(8)
Net cash used in investing activities	(340)		(174)
Financing Activities
Purchases of treasury stock	(2,549)		(1,992)
Dividends paid	(694)		(616)
Proceeds from debt, net	1,242		—
Payment of debt	(750)		—



Tax withholdings related to share-based payments	(277)		(170)
Cash proceeds from employee stock plans	41		97

Net cash used in financing activities	(2,987)		(2,681)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	121		(95)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	(826)		(1,278)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - beginning of period	10,808		10,465
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents - end of period	$	9,982	$	9,187

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

10 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Notes to consolidated financial statements (unaudited)

Note 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization

Mastercard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Mastercard International Incorporated (“Mastercard International” and together with Mastercard Incorporated, “Mastercard” or the “Company”), is a technology company in the global payments industry. Mastercard connects consumers, financial institutions, merchants, governments, digital partners, businesses and other organizations worldwide by enabling electronic payments and making those payment transactions secure, simple, smart and accessible.

Consolidation and Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Mastercard and its majority-owned and controlled entities, including any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Investments in VIEs for which the Company is not considered the primary beneficiary are not consolidated and are accounted for as marketable, equity method or measurement alternative method investments and recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no significant VIEs that required consolidation and the investments were not material to the consolidated financial statements. The Company consolidates acquisitions as of the date the Company has obtained a controlling financial interest. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company follows accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024. The consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 and as of March 31, 2025 are unaudited, and in the opinion of management, include all normal recurring adjustments that are necessary to present fairly the results for interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. Reference should be made to the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

Note 2. Acquisitions

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company did not acquire any businesses. In 2024, the Company acquired businesses for total cash consideration of $2.8 billion. As of March 31, 2025, the Company was evaluating and finalizing the purchase accounting for the businesses acquired in 2024. For the preliminary fair values of the purchase price allocations, as of the acquisition dates, refer to Note 2 (Acquisitions) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2024 Form 10-K.

Note 3. Revenue

The Company’s disaggregated net revenue by category and geographic region were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
		(in millions)
Net revenue by category:
Payment network		$	4,432	$	3,920
Value-added services and solutions		2,818		2,428
Net revenue		$	7,250	$	6,348
Net revenue by geographic region:
Americas 1		$	3,151	$	2,773
Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East and Africa		4,099		3,575
Net revenue		$	7,250	$	6,348

1Americas includes the United States, Canada and Latin America.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 11

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company’s customers are generally billed weekly, with certain billings occurring on a monthly and quarterly basis. The frequency of billing is dependent upon the nature of the performance obligation and the underlying contractual terms. The Company does not typically offer extended payment terms to customers. The following table sets forth the location of the amounts recognized on the consolidated balance sheets from contracts with customers:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Receivables from contracts with customers
Accounts receivable	$	3,660	$	3,491
Contract assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	194		210
Other assets	518		460
Deferred revenue 1
Other current liabilities	1,081		890
Other liabilities	464		449

1 Revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $651 million.

Note 4. Earnings Per Share

The components of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) for common shares were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
		(in millions, except per share data)
Numerator
Net income		$	3,280	$	3,011
Denominator
Basic weighted-average shares outstanding		912		933
Dilutive stock options and stock units		2		2
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding 1		914		935
Earnings per Share
Basic		$	3.60	$	3.23
Diluted		$	3.59	$	3.22

Note: Table may not sum due to rounding.

1 For the periods presented, the calculation of diluted EPS excluded a minimal amount of anti-dilutive share-based payment awards.

12 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

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ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 5. Investments

The Company’s investments on the consolidated balance sheets include both available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities (see Investments section below). The Company’s strategic investments in equity securities of publicly traded and privately held companies are classified within other assets on the consolidated balance sheets (see Equity Investments section below).

Investments

Investments on the consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Available-for-sale securities	$	289	$	292
Held-to-maturity securities 1	30		38
Total investments	$	319	$	330

1Held-to-maturity securities represent investments in time deposits that mature within one year. The cost of these securities approximates fair value.

Investment income on the consolidated statements of operations primarily consists of interest income generated from cash, cash equivalents, held-to maturity and available-for-sale investment securities, as well as realized gains and losses on the Company’s investment securities. The realized gains and losses from the sales of available-for-sale securities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were not material.

Available-for-Sale Securities

The major classes of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities and their respective amortized cost basis and fair values were as follows:


	March 31, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Government and agency securities	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	80	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	80
Corporate securities	174		1		—		175		187		1		—		188
Asset-backed securities	34		—		—		34		24		—		—		24
Total	$	288	$	1	$	—	$	289	$	291	$	1	$	—	$	292

The Company’s government and agency securities include U.S. government bonds, U.S. government sponsored agency bonds and foreign government bonds that are denominated in the national currency of the issuing country. Corporate and asset-backed securities held at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 primarily carried a credit rating of A- or better. Corporate securities are comprised of commercial paper and corporate bonds. The gross unrealized gains and losses on the available-for-sale securities are primarily driven by changes in interest rates and are recorded in other comprehensive income (loss).

The maturity distribution based on the contractual terms of the Company’s available-for-sale investment securities at March 31, 2025 was as follows:



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
	(in millions)
Due within 1 year	$	108	$	109
Due after 1 year through 5 years	180		180

Total	$	288	$	289

Equity Investments

Included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets are equity investments with readily determinable fair values (“Marketable securities”) and equity investments without readily determinable fair values (“Nonmarketable securities”). Marketable securities are equity interests in publicly traded companies and are measured using unadjusted quoted prices in their respective active markets. Nonmarketable securities that do not qualify for equity method accounting are measured at cost, less any impairment and adjusted for changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investments of the same issuer (“Measurement alternative”).

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 13

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table is a summary of the activity related to the Company’s equity investments:


	Balance at December 31, 2024		Purchases		Sales		Changes in Fair Value 1		Other 2		Balance at March 31, 2025
	(in millions)
Marketable securities	$	237	$	—	$	—	$	(32)	$	(3)	$	202
Nonmarketable securities	1,370		7		—		3		16		1,396
Total equity investments	$	1,607	$	7	$	—	$	(29)	$	13	$	1,598

1Recorded in gains (losses) on equity investments, net on the consolidated statements of operations.

2Includes reclasses between Marketable and Nonmarketable securities as well as immaterial translational impact of currency.

The following table sets forth the components of the Company’s Nonmarketable securities:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Measurement alternative	$	1,155	$	1,140
Equity method	241		230
Total Nonmarketable securities	$	1,396	$	1,370

The following table summarizes the total carrying value of the Company’s Measurement alternative investments, including cumulative unrealized gains and losses through March 31, 2025:



	(in millions)
Initial cost basis	$	719
Cumulative adjustments 1:
Upward adjustments	625
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(189)
Carrying amount, end of period	$	1,155

1 Includes immaterial translational impact of currency.

The following table summarizes the unrealized gains and losses included in the carrying value of the Company’s Measurement alternative investments and Marketable securities:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
		(in millions)
Measurement alternative investments:
Upward adjustments		$	2	$	7
Downward adjustments (including impairment)		(3)		(3)
Marketable securities:
Unrealized gains (losses), net		(32)		7

Note 6. Fair Value Measurements

The Company’s financial instruments are carried at fair value, cost or amortized cost on the consolidated balance sheets. The Company classifies its fair value measurements of financial instruments into a three-level hierarchy (the “Valuation Hierarchy”).

Financial Instruments - Carried at Fair Value

Financial instruments carried at fair value are categorized for fair value measurement purposes as recurring or non-recurring in nature.

14 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Recurring Measurements

The distribution of the Company’s financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis within the Valuation Hierarchy was as follows:


	March 31, 2025								December 31, 2024
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total
	(in millions)
Assets
Investment securities available-for-sale 1:
Government and agency securities	$	43	$	37	$	—	$	80	$	36	$	44	$	—	$	80
Corporate securities	—		175		—		175		—		188		—		188
Asset-backed securities	—		34		—		34		—		24		—		24
Derivative instruments 2:
Foreign exchange contracts	—		103		—		103		—		206		—		206

Marketable securities 3:
Equity securities	202		—		—		202		237		—		—		237
Deferred compensation plan 4:
Deferred compensation assets	93		—		—		93		107		—		—		107

Liabilities
Derivative instruments 2:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36	$	—	$	36
Interest rate contracts	—		50		—		50		—		63		—		63
Deferred compensation plan 5:
Deferred compensation liabilities	99		—		—		99		105		—		—		105

1The Company’s U.S. government securities are classified within Level 1 of the Valuation Hierarchy as the fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets in active markets. The fair value of the Company’s available-for-sale non-U.S. government and agency securities, corporate securities and asset-backed securities are based on observable inputs such as quoted prices, benchmark yields and issuer spreads for similar assets in active markets and are therefore included in Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy.

2The Company’s foreign exchange and interest rate derivative asset and liability contracts measured at fair value are based on observable inputs such as broker quotes for similar derivative instruments. See Note 16 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for further details.

3The Company’s Marketable securities are publicly held and fair values are based on unadjusted quoted prices in their respective active markets.

4The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan under which assets are invested primarily in mutual funds held in a rabbi trust or are held as cash equivalents, all of which are restricted for payments to participants of the plan. The Company has elected to use the fair value option for these assets, which are measured using quoted prices of identical instruments in active markets. These are included in prepaid expenses and other current assets and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on the consolidated balance sheets.

5The Company has a nonqualified deferred compensation plan under which liabilities are measured at fair value based on the quoted prices of identical instruments to the investment vehicles selected by the participants. These are included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

Nonrecurring Measurements

Nonmarketable Securities

The Company’s Nonmarketable securities are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods after initial recognition under the equity method or measurement alternative method. Nonmarketable securities are classified within Level 3 of the Valuation Hierarchy due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and unobservable inputs used to measure fair value that require management’s judgment. The Company uses discounted cash flows and market assumptions to estimate the fair value of its Nonmarketable securities when certain events or circumstances indicate that impairment may exist. Observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer could also result in fair value adjustments. See Note 5 (Investments) for further details.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 15

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Financial Instruments - Not Carried at Fair Value

Debt

Debt instruments are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at amortized cost. The Company estimates the fair value of its debt based on either market quotes or observable market data. Debt is classified as Level 2 of the Valuation Hierarchy as it is generally not traded in active markets. At March 31, 2025, the carrying value and fair value of debt was $18.8 billion and $17.6 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2024, the carrying value and fair value of debt was $18.2 billion and $16.8 billion, respectively. See Note 9 (Debt) for further details.

Other Financial Instruments

Certain other financial instruments are carried on the consolidated balance sheets at cost or amortized cost basis, which approximates fair value due to their short-term, highly liquid nature. These instruments include cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents, restricted security deposits held for customers, time deposits, accounts receivable, settlement assets, accounts payable, settlement obligations and other accrued liabilities.

Note 7. Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Customer incentives	$	1,945	$	1,854

Other	1,474		1,138
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	3,419	$	2,992

Other assets consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Customer incentives	$	6,574	$	6,550
Equity investments	1,598		1,607
Income taxes receivable	980		1,002
Other	883		800
Total other assets	$	10,035	$	9,959

Note 8. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Customer incentives	$	7,163	$	7,627
Personnel costs	734		1,681
Income and other taxes	737		454
Other	629		631
Total accrued expenses	$	9,263	$	10,393

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, long-term customer incentives included in other liabilities were $2,904 million and $2,820 million, respectively.

16 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 9. Debt

Debt consisted of the following:


				March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		Effective Interest Rate
				(in millions)
Senior Notes

2025 USD Notes	Floating Rate		Senior Notes due March 2028	$	300	$	—	**
	4.550	%	Senior Notes due March 2028	450		—		4.727	%
	4.950	%	Senior Notes due March 2032	500		—		5.063	%

2024 USD Notes	4.100	%	Senior Notes due January 2028	750		750		4.262	%
	4.350	%	Senior Notes due January 2032	1,150		1,150		4.446	%
	4.550	%	Senior Notes due January 2035	1,100		1,100		4.633	%
	4.875	%	Senior Notes due May 2034	1,000		1,000		5.047	%

2023 USD Notes	4.875	%	Senior Notes due March 2028	750		750		5.003	%
	4.850	%	Senior Notes due March 2033	750		750		4.923	%

2022 EUR Notes	1.000	%	Senior Notes due February 2029	810		781		1.138	%

2021 USD Notes	2.000	%	Senior Notes due November 2031	750		750		2.112	%
	1.900	%	Senior Notes due March 2031	600		600		1.981	%
	2.950	%	Senior Notes due March 2051	700		700		3.013	%

2020 USD Notes	3.300	%	Senior Notes due March 2027	1,000		1,000		3.420	%
	3.350	%	Senior Notes due March 2030	1,500		1,500		3.430	%
	3.850	%	Senior Notes due March 2050	1,500		1,500		3.896	%

2019 USD Notes	2.950	%	Senior Notes due June 2029	1,000		1,000		3.030	%
	3.650	%	Senior Notes due June 2049	1,000		1,000		3.689	%
	2.000	%	Senior Notes due March 2025	—		750		2.147	%

2018 USD Notes	3.500	%	Senior Notes due February 2028	500		500		3.598	%
	3.950	%	Senior Notes due February 2048	500		500		3.990	%

2016 USD Notes	2.950	%	Senior Notes due November 2026	750		750		3.044	%
	3.800	%	Senior Notes due November 2046	600		600		3.893	%

2015 EUR Notes	2.100	%	Senior Notes due December 2027	865		833		2.189	%
	2.500	%	Senior Notes due December 2030	162		156		2.562	%


				18,987		18,420
Less: Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs				(135)		(131)
Less: Cumulative hedge accounting fair value adjustments 1				(50)		(63)
Total debt outstanding				18,802		18,226
Less: Short-term debt 2				—		(750)
Long-term debt				$	18,802	$	17,476

**The $300 million of Senior Notes due March 2028 are Floating Rate Notes that bear interest at a floating rate, reset quarterly, equal to the Compounded Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 0.44%.

1The Company has an interest rate swap that is accounted for as a fair value hedge. See Note 16 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.

2As of December 31, 2024, the 2019 USD Notes due March 2025 were classified as short-term debt, net of unamortized discount and debt issuance costs, on the consolidated balance sheets.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 17

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Senior Notes

In February 2025, the Company issued $300 million principal amount of Floating Rate Notes due March 2028, $450 million principal amount of 4.550% notes due March 2028 and $500 million principal amount of 4.950% notes due March 2032 (collectively, the “2025 USD Notes”). The net proceeds from the issuance of the 2025 USD Notes, after deducting the original issue discount, underwriting discount and offering expenses, were $1.242 billion.

The 2025 USD Notes are not subject to any financial covenants, are senior unsecured obligations and rank equally with any future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. At the Company’s option, the notes may be redeemed in whole, or in part, at any time for a specified make-whole amount, with the exception of the Floating Rate Notes.

Note 10. Stockholders' Equity

Dividends

The Company declared quarterly cash dividends on its Class A and Class B common stock as summarized below:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
		(in millions, except per share data)
Dividends declared per share		$	0.76	$	0.66
Total dividends declared		$	692	$	615

Common Stock Activity

The following table presents the changes in the Company’s outstanding Class A and Class B common stock:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
	Outstanding Shares		Outstanding Shares
	Class A	Class B	Class A	Class B
	(in millions)
Balance at beginning of period	906.6	6.8	927.3	7.2
Purchases of treasury stock	(4.7)	—	(4.4)	—
Share-based payments	1.1	—	1.2	—
Conversion of Class B to Class A common stock	—	—	0.1	(0.1)
Balance at end of period	903.0	6.8	924.2	7.1

In December 2024 and 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved share repurchase programs of its Class A common stock authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $12.0 billion and $11.0 billion, respectively. The following table summarizes the Company’s share repurchases of its Class A common stock:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
	(in millions, except per share data)
Dollar-value of shares repurchased	$	2,549	$	1,992
Shares repurchased	4.7		4.4
Average price paid per share	$	541.38	$	454.23

As of March 31, 2025, the remaining authorization under share repurchase programs approved by the Company’s Board of Directors was $12.6 billion. Through April 28, 2025, the Company repurchased $884 million dollar-value of shares. As of April 28, 2025, the remaining authorization under share repurchase programs approved by the Company’s Board of Directors was $11.8 billion.

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ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The changes in the balances of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	December 31, 2024		Increase / (Decrease)		Reclassifications		March 31, 2025
	(in millions)
Foreign currency translation adjustments 1	$	(1,558)	$	263	$	—	$	(1,295)
Translation adjustments on net investment hedges 2	295		(41)		—		254
Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange contracts 3	(51)		(43)		97		3
Interest rate contracts	(113)		—		2		(111)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans	(6)		—		—		(6)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,433)	$	179	$	99	$	(1,155)


	December 31, 2023		Increase / (Decrease)		Reclassifications		March 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Foreign currency translation adjustments 1	$	(1,119)	$	(159)	$	—	$	(1,278)
Translation adjustments on net investment hedges 2	181		36		—		217
Cash flow hedges
Foreign exchange contracts 3	(17)		17		2		2
Interest rate contracts	(118)		—		1		(117)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans	(25)		—		—		(25)
Investment securities available-for-sale	(1)		—		—		(1)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(1,099)	$	(106)	$	3	$	(1,202)

1During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the decrease in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro, British pound, and Brazilian real against the U.S. dollar. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign currency translation adjustments was driven primarily by the depreciation of the euro and British pound against the U.S. dollar.

2During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the decrease in the accumulated other comprehensive income related to the net investment hedges was driven primarily by the appreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the increase in the accumulated other comprehensive income related to the net investment hedges was driven by the depreciation of the euro against the U.S. dollar. See Note 16 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.

3Certain foreign exchange derivative contracts are designated as cash flow hedging instruments. Gains and losses resulting from changes in the fair value of these contracts are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and subsequently reclassified to the consolidated statements of operations when the underlying hedged transactions impact earnings. See Note 16 (Derivative and Hedging Instruments) for additional information.

Note 12. Share-Based Payments

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company granted the following awards under the Mastercard Incorporated 2006 Long Term Incentive Plan, amended and restated as of June 22, 2021 (the “LTIP”). The LTIP is a stockholder-approved plan that permits the grant of various types of equity awards to employees.


	Grants in 2025	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
	(in millions)	(per option/unit)
Non-qualified stock options	0.2	$	193
Restricted stock units	1.0	$	567
Performance stock units	0.1	$	612

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options and calculates the expected life and the expected volatility based on historical Mastercard information. The expected life of stock options granted in 2025 was estimated to be six years, while the expected volatility was determined to be 27.4%. These awards expire ten years from the date of grant and vest ratably over three years.

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The fair value of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) is determined and fixed on the grant date based on the Company’s Class A common stock price, adjusted for the exclusion of dividend equivalents. RSUs generally vest ratably over three years.

The Company uses the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model to determine the grant-date fair value of performance stock units (“PSUs”) granted. PSUs vest after three years from the date of grant and are subject to a mandatory one-year deferral period, during which vested PSUs are eligible for dividend equivalents.

Compensation expense is recorded net of estimated forfeitures over the shorter of the vesting period or the date the individual becomes eligible to retire under the LTIP. The Company uses the straight-line method of attribution over the requisite service period for expensing equity awards.

Note 13. Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were 18.6% and 15.4%, respectively. The higher effective income tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2025, versus the comparable period in 2024, was primarily due to the 15% global minimum tax (“Pillar 2 Rules”) that took effect in 2025 in Singapore and various other jurisdictions. The Pillar 2 Rules primarily offset the reduction to the Company’s effective income tax rate resulting from the Company’s incentive grant received from the Singapore Ministry of Finance.

The Company is subject to tax in the United States, Belgium, Singapore, the United Kingdom and various other foreign jurisdictions, as well as state and local jurisdictions. Uncertain tax positions are reviewed on an ongoing basis and are adjusted after considering facts and circumstances, including progress of tax audits, developments in case law and closing of statutes of limitation. Within the next twelve months, the Company believes that the resolution of certain federal, foreign and state and local examinations is reasonably possible and that a change in estimate, reducing unrecognized tax benefits, may occur. While such a change may be significant, it is not possible to provide a range of the potential change until the examinations progress further or the related statutes of limitation expire. The Company has effectively settled its U.S. federal income tax obligations through 2014. With limited exception, the Company is no longer subject to state and local or foreign examinations by tax authorities for years before 2014.

Note 14. Legal and Regulatory Proceedings

Mastercard is a party to legal and regulatory proceedings with respect to a variety of matters in the ordinary course of business. Some of these proceedings are based on complex claims involving substantial uncertainties and unascertainable damages. Accordingly, it is not possible to determine the probability of loss or estimate damages, and therefore, Mastercard has not established liabilities for any of these proceedings, except as discussed below. When the Company determines that a loss is both probable and reasonably estimable, Mastercard records a liability and discloses the amount of the liability if it is material. When a material loss contingency is only reasonably possible, Mastercard does not record a liability, but instead discloses the nature and the amount of the claim, and an estimate of the loss or range of loss, if such an estimate can be made. Unless otherwise stated below with respect to these matters, Mastercard cannot provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss based on one or more of the following reasons: (1) actual or potential plaintiffs have not claimed an amount of monetary damages or the amounts are unsupportable or exaggerated, (2) the matters are in early stages, (3) there is uncertainty as to the outcome of pending appeals or motions, (4) there are significant factual issues to be resolved, (5) the proceedings involve multiple defendants or potential defendants whose share of any potential financial responsibility has yet to be determined and/or (6) there are novel legal issues presented. Furthermore, except as identified with respect to the matters below, Mastercard does not believe that the outcome of any individual existing legal or regulatory proceeding to which it is a party will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial condition and overall business. However, an adverse judgment or other outcome or settlement with respect to any proceedings discussed below could result in fines or payments by Mastercard and/or could require Mastercard to change its business practices. In addition, an adverse outcome in a regulatory proceeding could lead to the filing of civil damage claims and possibly result in significant damage awards. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on Mastercard’s results of operations, financial condition and overall business.

Interchange Litigation and Regulatory Proceedings

Mastercard’s interchange fees and other practices are subject to regulatory, legal review and/or challenges in a number of jurisdictions, including the proceedings described below. When taken as a whole, the resulting decisions, regulations and legislation with respect to interchange fees and acceptance practices may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s prospects for future growth and its overall results of operations and financial condition.

United States. In 2005, the first of a series of complaints were filed on behalf of merchants (the majority of the complaints were styled as class actions, although a few complaints were filed on behalf of individual merchant plaintiffs) against Mastercard International, Visa U.S.A., Inc., Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions. Taken together, the claims in the complaints were generally brought under both Sections 1 and 2 of the Sherman Act, which prohibit monopolization and attempts or conspiracies to monopolize a particular industry, and some of these complaints contain unfair competition law claims under state law. The complaints allege, among other things, that Mastercard, Visa, and certain financial institutions conspired to set the price of interchange fees, enacted point-of-sale acceptance rules (including the “no surcharge” rule) in violation of antitrust laws and engaged in unlawful tying and bundling

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ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

of certain products and services, resulting in merchants paying excessive costs for the acceptance of Mastercard and Visa credit and debit cards. The cases were consolidated for pre-trial proceedings in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York in MDL No. 1720 (the “U.S. MDL Litigation Cases”). The plaintiffs filed a consolidated class action complaint seeking treble damages.

In 2006, the group of purported merchant class plaintiffs filed a supplemental complaint alleging that Mastercard’s initial public offering of its Class A Common Stock in May 2006 (the “IPO”) and certain purported agreements entered into between Mastercard and financial institutions in connection with the IPO: (1) violate U.S. antitrust laws and (2) constituted a fraudulent conveyance because the financial institutions allegedly attempted to release, without adequate consideration, Mastercard’s right to assess them for Mastercard’s litigation liabilities. The class plaintiffs sought treble damages and injunctive relief including, but not limited to, an order reversing and unwinding the IPO.

In 2011, Mastercard and Mastercard International entered into each of: (1) an omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement with Visa Inc., Visa U.S.A. Inc. and Visa International Service Association and a number of financial institutions; and (2) a Mastercard settlement and judgment sharing agreement with a number of financial institutions. The agreements provide for the apportionment of certain costs and liabilities which Mastercard, the Visa parties and the financial institutions may incur, jointly and/or severally, in the event of an adverse judgment or settlement of one or all of the U.S. MDL Litigation Cases. Among a number of scenarios addressed by the agreements, in the event of a global settlement involving the Visa parties, the financial institutions and Mastercard, Mastercard would pay 12% of the monetary portion of the settlement. In the event of a settlement involving only Mastercard and the financial institutions with respect to their issuance of Mastercard cards, Mastercard would pay 36% of the monetary portion of such settlement.

In 2012, the parties entered into a definitive settlement agreement with respect to the U.S. MDL Litigation Cases (including with respect to the claims related to the IPO) and the defendants separately entered into a settlement agreement with the individual merchant plaintiffs. The settlements included cash payments that were apportioned among the defendants pursuant to the omnibus judgment sharing and settlement sharing agreement described above. Mastercard also agreed to provide class members with a short-term reduction in default credit interchange rates and to modify certain of its business practices, including its no surcharge rule. The court granted final approval of the settlement in 2013. Following an appeal by objectors and as a result of a reversal of the settlement approval by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, the case was sent back to the district court for further proceedings. The court divided the merchants’ claims into two separate classes - monetary damages claims (the “Damages Class”) and claims seeking changes to business practices (the “Rules Relief Class”). The court appointed separate counsel for each class.

In 2018, the parties to the Damages Class litigation entered into a class settlement agreement to resolve the Damages Class claims, with merchants representing slightly more than 25% of the Damages Class interchange volume choosing to opt out of the settlement. The Damages Class settlement agreement became final in 2023. Since 2018, Mastercard has reached settlements or agreements in principle to settle with over 250 opt-out merchants. These opt-out merchant settlements, along with the Damages Class settlement, represent over 90% of Mastercard’s U.S. interchange volume.

Approximately 60 individual opt-out merchants continue to litigate, seeking treble damages and attorneys’ fees and costs. In 2024, the district court denied the defendants’ motions for summary judgment with respect to these ongoing individual opt-out merchant cases, sending the cases back to their original jurisdictions for trials. The remaining opt-out merchants claim aggregate single damages of approximately $10 billion with respect to their Mastercard purchase volume. Mastercard would be responsible for 36% of any Mastercard-related judgment pursuant to the 2011 judgment and settlement sharing agreement discussed above. The first trial in the opt-out merchant cases, which will involve five of the larger opt-out merchants, has been scheduled for October 2025.

In 2021, the district court granted the Rules Relief Class’s motion for class certification. In 2024, the parties to the Rules Relief Class litigation entered into a settlement agreement to resolve the Rules Relief Class claims, which was subsequently denied by the court. The parties are in ongoing settlement discussions. The court has not yet scheduled a trial date.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, Mastercard had accrued a liability of $679 million and $559 million, respectively, for the U.S. MDL Litigation Cases. The liability as of March 31, 2025 represents Mastercard’s best estimate of its probable liabilities in these matters and does not represent an estimate of a loss, if any, if the matters were litigated to a final outcome. Mastercard cannot estimate the potential liability if that were to occur.

Europe. Since 2012, a number of United Kingdom (“U.K.”) merchants filed claims or threatened litigation against Mastercard seeking damages for excessive costs paid for acceptance of Mastercard credit and debit cards arising out of alleged anti-competitive conduct with respect to, among other things, Mastercard’s cross-border interchange fees and its U.K. and Ireland domestic interchange fees (the “U.K. Merchant claimants”). In addition, Mastercard has faced similar filed or threatened litigation by merchants with respect to interchange rates in other countries in Europe (the “Pan-European Merchant claimants”). Mastercard has resolved a substantial amount of these damages claims through settlement or judgment. Following these settlements, approximately £0.2 billion (approximately $0.3 billion as of March 31, 2025) of unresolved damages claims remain. Mastercard continues to litigate with the remaining U.K. and Pan-European Merchant claimants and it has submitted statements of defense disputing liability and damages claims. A number of those matters are now progressing with motion practice and discovery. Hearings involving both liability and damages issues involving multiple merchant cases

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have been completed. The parties are awaiting decisions, after which additional hearings on liability and damages issues in those matters are expected.

In a separate matter, Mastercard and Visa were served with a proposed collective action complaint in the U.K. on behalf of merchants seeking damages for commercial card transactions in both the U.K. and the European Union. In 2023, the plaintiffs filed a revised collective action application claiming damages against Mastercard in excess of £1 billion (approximately $1.3 billion as of March 31, 2025). In June 2024, the court granted the plaintiffs’ collective action application. Mastercard’s request for permission to appeal this ruling was denied.

In 2016, a proposed collective action was filed in the United Kingdom on behalf of U.K. consumers seeking damages for intra-European Economic Area (“EEA”) and domestic U.K. interchange fees that were allegedly passed on to consumers by merchants between 1992 and 2008. The complaint, which seeks to leverage the European Commission’s 2007 decision on intra-EEA interchange fees, claims damages in an amount that exceeds £10 billion (approximately $13 billion as of March 31, 2025). In 2021, the trial court issued a decision in which it granted class certification to the plaintiffs but narrowed the scope of the class. Since January 2023, the trial court has held hearings on various issues, including whether any causal connection existed between the levels of Mastercard’s intra-EEA interchange fees and U.K. domestic interchange fees and regarding Mastercard’s request to narrow the number of years of damages sought by the plaintiffs on statute of limitations grounds. In February 2024, the trial court ruled in Mastercard’s favor, finding no causal connection between the levels of Mastercard’s intra-EEA interchange fees and U.K. domestic interchange fees. In June 2024, the trial court ruled in Mastercard’s favor with respect to its request to dismiss five years of the plaintiffs’ damages claims on statute of limitations grounds. The plaintiffs’ request for permission to appeal this ruling was granted. In December 2024, the parties entered into a settlement agreement to resolve this matter. Mastercard recorded an accrual of £200 million ($259 million as of March 31, 2025) in December 2024 in connection with this settlement agreement. During a settlement approval hearing in February 2025, the trial court orally approved the settlement. Mastercard awaits the court’s written approval decision.

Mastercard has been named as a defendant in a proposed consumer collective action filed in Portugal on behalf of Portuguese consumers. The complaint, which seeks to leverage the 2019 resolution of the European Commission’s investigation of Mastercard’s central acquiring rules and interregional interchange fees, claims damages of approximately €0.4 billion (approximately $0.4 billion as of March 31, 2025) for interchange fees that were allegedly passed on to consumers by Portuguese merchants for a period of approximately 20 years. Mastercard has submitted a statement of defense that disputes both liability and damages.

Australia. In 2022, the Australian Competition & Consumer Commission (“ACCC”) filed a complaint targeting certain agreements entered into by Mastercard and certain Australian merchants related to Mastercard’s debit program. The ACCC alleges that by entering into such agreements, Mastercard engaged in conduct with the purpose of substantially lessening competition in the supply of debit card acceptance services. The ACCC seeks both declaratory relief and monetary fines and costs. A hearing on liability issues that was originally scheduled for March 2025 has been pushed back to April 2026.

ATM Non-Discrimination Rule Surcharge Complaints

In 2011, a trade association of independent ATM operators and 13 independent ATM operators filed a complaint styled as a class action lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against both Mastercard and Visa (the “ATM Operators Class Complaint”). Plaintiffs seek to represent a class of non-bank operators of ATM terminals that operate in the United States with the discretion to determine the price of the ATM access fee for the terminals they operate. Plaintiffs allege that Mastercard and Visa have violated Section 1 of the Sherman Act by imposing rules that require ATM operators to charge non-discriminatory ATM surcharges for transactions processed over Mastercard’s and Visa’s respective networks that are not greater than the surcharge for transactions over other networks accepted at the same ATM. Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees.

Subsequently, multiple related complaints were filed in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia alleging both federal antitrust and multiple state unfair competition, consumer protection and common law claims against Mastercard and Visa on behalf of different putative classes of users of ATM services. The claims in these actions largely mirror the allegations made in the ATM Operators Class Complaint, although these complaints seek damages on behalf of consumers of ATM services who pay allegedly inflated ATM fees at both bank (“Bank ATM Consumer Class Complaint”) and non-bank (“Non-bank ATM Consumer Class Complaint”) ATM operators as a result of the defendants’ ATM rules. Plaintiffs seek both injunctive and monetary relief equal to treble the damages they claim to have sustained as a result of the alleged violations and their costs of suit, including attorneys’ fees. In 2023, the D.C. Circuit Court affirmed the district court’s previous order granting class certification to the plaintiffs in all three class complaints.

In 2024, Mastercard executed a settlement agreement with the class lawyers representing the Bank ATM Consumer Class, subject to court approval, and recorded an accrual of $93 million in connection with this matter. At a hearing held in January 2025, the court indicated that it intends to provide final approval of the settlement. The litigation with the ATM Operators Class and Non-bank ATM Consumer Class is ongoing. The plaintiffs in these two remaining class complaints, in aggregate, allege over $1 billion in single damages against all of the defendants.

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U.S. Liability Shift Litigation

In 2016, a proposed U.S. merchant class action complaint was filed in federal court in California alleging that Mastercard, Visa, American Express and Discover (the “Network Defendants”), EMVCo, and a number of issuing banks (the “Bank Defendants”) engaged in a conspiracy to shift fraud liability for card present transactions from issuing banks to merchants not yet in compliance with the standards for EMV chip cards in the United States (the “EMV Liability Shift”), in violation of the Sherman Act and California law. Plaintiffs allege damages equal to the value of all chargebacks for which class members became liable as a result of the EMV Liability Shift on October 1, 2015. The plaintiffs seek treble damages, attorney’s fees and costs and an injunction against future violations of governing law. The district court denied the Network Defendants’ motion to dismiss the complaint, but granted such a motion for EMVCo and the Bank Defendants. In 2017, the district court transferred the case to New York so that discovery could be coordinated with the U.S. MDL Litigation Cases described above. In 2020, the district court issued an order granting the plaintiffs’ request for class certification. The plaintiffs have submitted expert reports that allege aggregate single damages in excess of $1 billion against the four Network Defendants. The Network Defendants submitted expert reports rebutting both liability and damages and all briefs on summary judgment have been submitted. In September 2024, the district court denied the Network Defendants’ motion for summary judgment.

Telephone Consumer Protection Class Action

Mastercard is a defendant in a Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”) class action pending in Florida. The plaintiffs are individuals and businesses who allege that approximately 381,000 unsolicited faxes were sent to them advertising a Mastercard co-brand card issued by First Arkansas Bank (“FAB”). The TCPA provides for uncapped statutory damages of $500 per fax. Mastercard has asserted various defenses to the claims, and has notified FAB of an indemnity claim that it has (which FAB has disputed). In 2019, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) issued a declaratory ruling clarifying that the TCPA does not apply to faxes sent to online fax services that are received online via email. In 2021, the trial court granted plaintiffs’ request for class certification, but narrowed the scope of the class to stand alone fax recipients only. Mastercard’s request to appeal that decision was denied. Briefing on plaintiffs’ motion to amend the class definition and Mastercard’s cross-motion to decertify the stand alone fax recipient class was completed in April 2023 and the parties await the court’s decision.

U.S. Department of Justice Investigation

In 2023, Mastercard received a Civil Investigative Demand (“CID”) from the U.S. Department of Justice Antitrust Division (“DOJ”) seeking documents and information regarding a potential violation of Sections 1 or 2 of the Sherman Act. The CID focuses on Mastercard’s U.S. debit program and competition with other payment networks and technologies. Mastercard is cooperating with the DOJ in connection with the CID.

European Commission Investigation

In 2024, Mastercard received a formal request for information from the European Commission seeking documents and information in connection with an investigation into alleged anti-competitive behavior of certain card scheme services in the European Union/EEA. The request focuses on Mastercard’s practices regarding network fees related to acquirers. Mastercard is cooperating with the European Commission in connection with the request.

Note 15. Settlement and Other Risk Management

Mastercard’s rules guarantee the settlement of many of the payment network transactions between its customers (“settlement risk”). Settlement exposure is the settlement risk to customers under Mastercard’s rules due to the difference in timing between the payment transaction date and subsequent settlement. For those transactions the Company guarantees, the guarantee will cover the full amount of the settlement obligation to the extent the settlement obligation is not otherwise satisfied. The duration of the settlement exposure is short-term and generally limited to a few days.

Gross settlement exposure is estimated using the average daily payment volume during the three months prior to period end multiplied by the estimated number of days of exposure. The Company has global risk management policies, procedures and standards that provide a framework for managing the Company’s settlement risk and exposure. In the event of failed settlement by a customer, Mastercard may pursue one or more remedies available under the Company’s rules to recover potential losses. Historically, the Company has experienced a low level of losses from customer settlement failures.

As part of its policies, Mastercard requires certain customers that do not meet the Company’s risk standards to enter into risk mitigation arrangements, including cash collateral and/or forms of credit enhancement such as letters of credit and guarantees. This requirement is based on a review of the individual risk circumstances for each customer. Mastercard monitors its credit risk portfolio and the adequacy of its risk mitigation arrangements on a regular basis. Additionally, the Company periodically reviews its risk management methodology and standards. The amounts of estimated settlement exposure are revised as necessary.

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ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company’s estimated settlement exposure was as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Gross settlement exposure	$	76,269	$	78,385
Risk mitigation arrangements applied to settlement exposure	(13,703)		(13,466)
Net settlement exposure	$	62,566	$	64,919

Mastercard also provides guarantees to customers and certain other counterparties indemnifying them from losses stemming from failures of third parties to perform duties. This includes guarantees of Mastercard-branded travelers cheques issued, but not yet cashed. In addition, the Company enters into agreements in the ordinary course of business under which the Company agrees to indemnify third parties against damages, losses and expenses incurred in connection with legal and other proceedings arising from relationships or transactions with the Company. Certain indemnifications do not provide a stated maximum exposure. As the extent of the Company’s obligations under these agreements depends entirely upon the occurrence of future events, the Company’s potential future liability under these agreements is not determinable. Historically, payments made by the Company under these types of contractual arrangements have not been material.

Note 16. Derivative and Hedging Instruments

The Company monitors and manages its foreign currency and interest rate exposures as part of its overall risk management program, which focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results. A primary objective of the Company’s risk management strategies is to reduce the financial impact that may arise from volatility in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company uses both foreign exchange derivative contracts (when the hedge costs are economically justified) and foreign currency denominated debt to manage its currency exposure. In addition, the Company may enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage the effects of interest rate movements on the Company’s aggregate liability portfolio, including potential future debt issuances. The Company does not enter into derivatives for speculative purposes.

Cash Flow Hedges

The Company may enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts, including forwards and options, to manage the impact of foreign currency variability on anticipated revenues and expenses, which fluctuate based on currencies other than the functional currency of the entity. The objective of these hedging activities is to reduce the effect of movement in foreign exchange rates for a portion of revenues and expenses forecasted to occur. As these contracts are designated as cash flow hedging instruments, gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of these contracts are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified to the consolidated statements of operations when the underlying hedged transactions impact earnings. The terms of these contracts are for generally less than 18 months.

In 2024, the Company entered into foreign exchange derivative contracts to hedge its exposure to variability in cash flows related to foreign denominated assets. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of these contracts are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified to the consolidated statements of operations when the hedged transactions impact earnings. Forward points are excluded from the effectiveness assessment and are amortized to general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations over the hedge period. The maximum term of these contracts was for approximately 7 years.

In addition, the Company may enter into interest rate derivative contracts to manage the effects of interest rate movements on the Company’s aggregate liability portfolio, including potential future debt issuances, and designate such derivatives as hedging instruments in a cash flow hedging relationship. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of these contracts are deferred in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and are subsequently reclassified as an adjustment to interest expense over the respective terms of the hedged debt issuances.

Fair Value Hedges

The Company may enter into interest rate derivative contracts, including interest rate swaps, to manage the effects of interest rate movements on the fair value of the Company's fixed-rate debt and designate such derivatives as hedging instruments in a fair value hedging relationship. Changes in fair value of these contracts and changes in fair value of fixed-rate debt attributable to changes in the hedged benchmark interest rate generally offset each other and are recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations. Gains and losses related to the net settlements of interest rate swaps are also recorded in interest expense on the consolidated statements of operations. The periodic cash settlements are included in operating activities on the consolidated statements of cash flows.

The Company has an interest rate swap designated as a fair value hedge related to $1.0 billion of the 3.850% Senior Notes due March 2050. In effect, the interest rate swap synthetically converts the fixed interest rate on this debt to a variable interest rate based on the SOFR Overnight Index Swap Rate. The net impact to interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were not material.

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ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Net Investment Hedges

The Company may use foreign currency denominated debt and/or foreign exchange derivative contracts to hedge a portion of its net investment in foreign subsidiaries against adverse movements in exchange rates. The effective portion of the net investment hedge is recorded as a currency translation adjustment in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Forward points are excluded from the effectiveness assessment and are amortized to general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations over the hedge period. The amounts recognized in earnings related to forward points for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 were not material.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had €1.7 billion and €1.3 billion euro-denominated debt outstanding designated as hedges of a portion of its net investment in its European operations. In December 2024, the Company de-designated €400 million of the euro-denominated debt as net investment hedges to effectively manage changes in its net investment exposures in foreign subsidiaries. The euro-denominated debt was subsequently re-designated as a net investment hedge effective March 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded pre-tax net foreign currency gains (losses) of $(65) million and $44 million, respectively, in other comprehensive income (loss).

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company had net foreign currency gains of $254 million and $295 million, after tax, respectively, in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) associated with this hedging activity.

Non-designated Derivatives

The Company may also enter into foreign exchange derivative contracts to serve as economic hedges, such as to offset possible changes in the value of monetary assets and liabilities due to foreign exchange fluctuations, without designating these derivative contracts as hedging instruments. In addition, the Company is subject to foreign exchange risk as part of its daily settlement activities. This risk is typically limited to a few days between when a payment transaction takes place and the subsequent settlement with customers. To manage this risk, the Company may enter into short duration foreign exchange derivative contracts based upon anticipated receipts and disbursements for the respective currency position. The objective of these activities is to reduce the Company’s exposure to volatility arising from gains and losses resulting from fluctuations of foreign currencies against its functional currencies. Gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value of these contracts are recorded in general and administrative expenses on the consolidated statements of operations, net, along with the foreign currency gains and losses on monetary assets and liabilities.

The following table summarizes the fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments and the related notional amounts:


	March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
	Notional		Derivative assets		Derivative liabilities		Notional		Derivative assets		Derivative liabilities
	(in millions)
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts in a cash flow hedge 1	$	4,727	$	95	$	19	$	3,951	$	135	$	6
Interest rate contracts in a fair value hedge 2	1,000		—		50		1,000		—		63
Foreign exchange contracts in a net investment hedge 1	—		—		—		2,511		54		—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign exchange contracts 1	3,975		8		17		2,741		17		30
Total	$	9,702	$	103	$	86	$	10,203	$	206	$	99

1Foreign exchange derivative assets and liabilities are included within prepaid expenses and other current assets, other assets and other current liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

2Interest rate derivative liabilities are included within other current liabilities and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 25

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The pre-tax gain (loss) related to the Company's derivative financial instruments designated as hedging instruments are as follows:


	Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
	Three Months Ended March 31,				Location of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) into Earnings		Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024			2025			2024
	(in millions)					(in millions)
Derivative financial instruments in a cash flow hedge relationship:
Foreign exchange contracts 1	$	(48)	$	22	Net revenue		$	5		$	(3)
					General and administrative 2		$	(101)		$	—

Interest rate contracts	$	—	$	—	Interest expense		$	(2)		$	(2)

Derivative financial instruments in a net investment hedge relationship:
Foreign exchange contracts	$	12	$	3

1Includes immaterial forward points excluded from the effectiveness assessment recognized in other comprehensive income (loss).

2Includes immaterial forward points excluded from the effectiveness assessment recognized in earnings.

The Company estimates that the pre-tax amount of the net deferred loss on cash flow hedges recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) at March 31, 2025 that will be reclassified into the consolidated statements of operations within the next 12 months is not material.

The amount of gain (loss) recognized on the consolidated statements of operations for non-designated derivative contracts is summarized below:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
		2025		2024
		(in millions)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign exchange contracts
General and administrative		$	20	$	72

The Company’s derivative financial instruments are subject to both market and counterparty credit risk. Market risk is the potential for economic losses to be incurred on market risk sensitive instruments arising from adverse changes in market factors such as foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and other related variables. Counterparty credit risk is the risk of loss due to failure of the counterparty to perform its obligations in accordance with contractual terms. The Company’s derivative contracts are subject to enforceable master netting arrangements, which contain various netting and setoff provisions. However, the Company has elected to present derivative assets and liabilities on a gross basis on the consolidated balance sheets. To mitigate counterparty credit risk, the Company enters into derivative contracts with a diversified group of selected financial institutions based upon their credit ratings and other factors. Generally, the Company does not obtain collateral related to derivatives because of the high credit ratings of the counterparties.

26 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) - NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 17. Segment Reporting

Mastercard has concluded it has one reportable operating segment, “Payment Solutions.” The following represents the selected financial information of the Payment Solutions segment:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
	(in millions)
Net revenue	$	7,250	$	6,348
Less:
Personnel	1,688		1,514
Professional Fees	113		116
Data processing and telecommunications	292		263
Foreign exchange activity	1		28
Advertising and marketing	152		116
Depreciation and amortization	275		216
Provision for litigation	151		126
Investment Income	(88)		(95)
(Gains) losses on equity investments, net	29		(6)
Interest expense	182		150
Other (income) expense, net	(5)		(3)
Income tax expense	751		547
Other segment items 1	429		365
Consolidated net income	$	3,280	$	3,011

1Includes fulfillment costs, occupancy costs, travel and meeting expenses and other overhead expenses.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 27

PART I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Item 2. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

The following supplements management's discussion and analysis of Mastercard Incorporated for the year ended December 31, 2024 as contained in the Company's 2024 Form 10-K filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on February 12, 2025. It also should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes of Mastercard Incorporated and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Mastercard International Incorporated (together, “Mastercard” or the “Company”), included elsewhere in this Report. Percentage changes provided throughout “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” were calculated on amounts rounded to the nearest thousand.

Global Economic, Political, Financial and Societal Events and Conditions

We continue to monitor government actions and changes in policies across the globe, including those related to tariffs. The extent to which these developments affect our business and results of operations, if at all, are uncertain and cannot be predicted at this time.

Financial Results Overview

The following table provides a summary of our key GAAP operating results, as reported:


	Three Months Ended March 31,						Increase/(Decrease)
		2025				2024
			(in millions, except percentages and per share data)
Net revenue			$	7,250			$	6,348		14%
Operating expenses			$	3,101			$	2,744		13%
Operating income			$	4,149			$	3,604		15%
Operating margin			57.2		%		56.8		%	0.4 ppt
Income tax expense			$	751			$	547		37%
Effective income tax rate			18.6		%		15.4		%	3.3 ppt
Net income			$	3,280			$	3,011		9%
Diluted earnings per share			$	3.59			$	3.22		11%
Diluted weighted-average shares outstanding			914				935			(2)%

Note: Table may not sum due to rounding.

The following table provides a summary of our key non-GAAP operating results1, adjusted to exclude the impact of gains and losses on our equity investments, Special Items (which represent litigation judgments and settlements and certain one-time items) and the related tax impacts on our non-GAAP adjustments. In addition, we have presented growth rates, adjusted for the impact of currency:


	Three Months Ended March 31,		Increase/(Decrease)
			2025			2024			As adjusted	Currency-neutral
		($ in millions, except per share data)
Net revenue			$	7,250		$	6,348		14%	17%
Adjusted operating expenses			$	2,950		$	2,617		13%	14%
Adjusted operating margin			59.3		%	58.8		%	0.5 ppt	0.9 ppt
Adjusted effective income tax rate			19.1		%	15.9		%	3.2 ppt	3.4 ppt
Adjusted net income			$	3,406		$	3,093		10%	13%
Adjusted diluted earnings per share			$	3.73		$	3.31		13%	16%

Note: Table may not sum due to rounding.

1 See “Non-GAAP Financial Information” for further information on our non-GAAP adjustments and the reconciliation to GAAP reported amounts.

28 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Key highlights for the three months ended March 31, 2025, versus the comparable period in 2024:


Net revenue





GAAP	Non-GAAP (currency-neutral)	Both the as-reported and currency-neutral net revenue increases were attributable to growth in our payment network and value-added services and solutions.
up 14%	up 17%


Operating expenses	Adjusted operating expenses





GAAP	Non-GAAP (currency-neutral)	Both the as-reported and as-adjusted operating expense increases were primarily due to higher general and administrative and advertising and marketing expenses.
up 13%	up 14%


Effective income tax rate	Adjusted effective income tax rate






GAAP	Non-GAAP	Both the as-reported and as-adjusted effective income tax rates were higher versus the comparable period in 2024, primarily due to the 15% global minimum tax (“Pillar 2 Rules”) that took effect in 2025.
18.6%	19.1%
up 3.3 ppt	up 3.2 ppt

Other financial highlights for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were as follows:

We generated net cash flows from operations of $2.4 billion.
We repurchased 4.7 million shares of our common stock for $2.5 billion and paid dividends of $694 million.
We completed a debt offering in February 2025 for an aggregate principal amount of $1.25 billion.

Non-GAAP Financial Information

Non-GAAP financial information is defined as a numerical measure of a company’s performance that excludes or includes amounts so as to be different than the most comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). As described more fully below, our non-GAAP financial measures exclude the impact of gains and losses on our equity investments, which includes mark-to-market fair value adjustments, impairments and gains and losses upon disposition, as well as the related tax impacts. Our non-GAAP financial measures also exclude the impact of special items, where applicable, which represent litigation judgments and settlements and certain one-time items, as well as the related tax impacts (“Special Items”). We also present growth rates adjusted for the impact of currency, which is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe that the non-GAAP financial measures presented facilitate an understanding of our operating performance and provide a meaningful comparison of our results between periods. We use non-GAAP financial measures to evaluate our ongoing operations in relation to historical results, for internal planning and forecasting purposes and in the calculation of performance-based compensation, among other things. We excluded these items because management evaluates the underlying operations and performance of the Company separately from these recurring and nonrecurring items. Operating expenses, operating margin, other income (expense), effective income tax rate, net income and diluted earnings per share, each as adjusted for the impact of gains and losses on our equity investments, Special Items and/or the impact of currency, should not be relied upon as substitutes for measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

Our non-GAAP financial measures for the comparable periods exclude the impact of the following:

Gains and Losses on Equity Investments

In the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we recorded net losses of $29 million ($25 million after tax, or $0.03 per diluted share) and net gains of $6 million ($5 million after tax, or $0.01 per diluted share), respectively, primarily related to unrealized fair market value adjustments on marketable and nonmarketable equity securities.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 29

PART I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Special Items

Litigation provisions

In the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recorded charges of $151 million ($102 million after tax, or $0.11 per diluted share), primarily as a result of a change in estimate related to the claims of merchants who opted out of the U.S. merchant class litigation.
In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recorded charges of $126 million ($87 million after tax, or $0.09 per diluted share), primarily due to a legal provision associated with the ATM non-discrimination rule surcharge complaints.

See Note 5 (Investments) and Note 14 (Legal and Regulatory Proceedings) to the consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for further discussion related to certain of the items discussed above.

Currency-neutral Growth Rates

Currency-neutral growth rates are non-GAAP financial measures and are calculated by remeasuring the prior period’s results using the current period’s exchange rates for both the translational and transactional impacts on operating results. The impact of currency translation represents the effect of translating operating results where the functional currency is different from our U.S. dollar reporting currency. The impact of the transactional currency represents the effect of converting revenue and expenses occurring in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity. The impact of the related realized gains and losses resulting from our foreign exchange derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments (specifically those that manage the impact of foreign currency variability on anticipated revenues and expenses) is recognized in the respective financial statement line item on the consolidated statements of operations when the underlying forecasted transactions impact earnings.

The translational and transactional impact of currency and the related impact of our foreign exchange derivative contracts designated as cash flow hedging instruments as specified in the preceding paragraph (collectively, the “Currency Impact”) has been excluded from our currency-neutral growth rates and has been identified in the “Non-GAAP Reconciliations” tables below and our “Drivers of Change” tables. See “Foreign Currency - Currency Impact” for further information on our currency impacts and “Financial Results - Net Revenue” and “Financial Results - Operating Expenses” for our "Drivers of Change” tables.

Non-GAAP Reconciliations

The following tables reconcile our reported financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP to the respective adjusted non-GAAP financial measures:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Operating expenses		Operating margin		Other income (expense)		Effective income tax rate		Net income		Diluted earnings per share
	($ in millions, except per share data)
Reported - GAAP	$	3,101	57.2	%	$	(118)	18.6	%	$	3,280	$	3.59
(Gains) losses on equity investments	**		**		29		—	%	25		0.03
Litigation provisions	(151)		2.1	%	**		0.5	%	102		0.11


Adjusted - Non-GAAP	$	2,950	59.3	%	$	(89)	19.1	%	$	3,406	$	3.73


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
		Operating expenses		Operating margin		Other income (expense)		Effective income tax rate		Net income		Diluted earnings per share
		($ in millions, except per share data)
Reported - GAAP		$	2,744	56.8	%	$	(46)	15.4	%	$	3,011	$	3.22
(Gains) losses on equity investments		**		**		(6)		—	%	(5)		(0.01)
Litigation provisions		(126)		2.0	%	**		0.5	%	87		0.09

Adjusted - Non-GAAP		$	2,617	58.8	%	$	(52)	15.9	%	$	3,093	$	3.31

Note: Tables may not sum due to rounding.

** Not applicable.

30 MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q

PART I

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table represents the reconciliation of our growth rates reported under GAAP to our non-GAAP growth rates:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Increase/(Decrease)
	Operating expenses	Operating margin	Effective income tax rate	Net income	Diluted earnings per share
Reported - GAAP	13%	0.4 ppt	3.3 ppt	9%	11%
(Gains) losses on equity investments	**	**	— ppt	1%	1%
Litigation provisions	—%	0.1 ppt	— ppt	—%	—%



Adjusted - Non-GAAP	13%	0.5 ppt	3.2 ppt	10%	13%
Currency Impact	2%	0.4 ppt	0.2 ppt	3%	3%
Adjusted - Non-GAAP - currency-neutral	14%	0.9 ppt	3.4 ppt	13%	16%

Note: Table may not sum due to rounding.

** Not applicable.

Key Metrics and Drivers

In addition to the financial measures described above in “Financial Results Overview”, we review the following metrics to evaluate and identify trends in our business, measure our performance, prepare financial projections and make strategic decisions. We believe that the key metrics presented facilitate an understanding of our operating and financial performance and provide a meaningful comparison of our results between periods.

Operating Margin measures how much profit we make on each dollar of sales after our operating costs but before other income (expense) and income tax expense. Operating margin is calculated by dividing our operating income by net revenue.

Key Drivers

Gross Dollar Volume (“GDV”) measures dollar volume of activity, including both domestic and cross-border volume, on cards carrying our brands during the period, on a local currency basis and U.S. dollar-converted basis. GDV represents purchase volume plus cash volume; “purchase volume” means the aggregate dollar amount of purchases made with Mastercard-branded cards for the relevant period; and “cash volume” means the aggregate dollar amount of cash disbursements and includes the impact of balance transfers and convenience checks obtained with Mastercard-branded cards for the relevant period. Information denominated in U.S. dollars relating to GDV is calculated by applying an established U.S. dollar/local currency exchange rate for each local currency in which our volumes are reported. These exchange rates are calculated on a quarterly basis using the average exchange rate for each quarter. We report period-over-period rates of change in purchase volume and cash volume on the basis of local currency information, in order to eliminate the impact of changes in the value of currencies against the U.S. dollar in calculating such rates of change. Data used in the calculation of GDV is provided by our customers and is subject to verification by Mastercard and partial cross-checking against information provided by Mastercard’s transaction switching systems. All data is subject to revision and amendment by Mastercard or our customers.

Cross-border Volume Growth measures the growth of cross-border dollar volume during the period, on a local currency basis and U.S. dollar-converted basis, for all Mastercard-branded programs.

Switched Transactions measures the number of transactions switched by Mastercard, which is defined as the number of transactions initiated and switched through our network during the period.

MASTERCARD MARCH 31, 2025 FORM 10-Q 31

PART I

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