Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

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Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

(a) The following documents are filed as part of this Form 10-K

1. Financial Statements

Consolidated statement of income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2024 and 2023

Consolidated statement of equity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

Consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

Notes to consolidated financial statements

Report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm (PCAOB ID 238)

2. Financial Statement Schedules

Schedules are omitted because they are either not required or not applicable.

Financial statements of affiliates carried on the equity basis have been omitted because, considered individually or in the aggregate, such affiliates do not constitute a significant subsidiary.

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3. Exhibits

Exhibit NumberDescription
3.1—Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Merck & Co., Inc. (November 3, 2009) — Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 4, 2009 (No. 1-6571)
3.2—By-Laws of Merck & Co., Inc. (effective March 22, 2022) — Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 25, 2022 (No. 1-6571)
4.1—Indenture, dated as of April 1, 1991, between Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (f/k/a Schering Corporation) and U.S. Bank Trust National Association (as successor to Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York), as Trustee (the 1991 Indenture) — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to MSD’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (No. 33-39349)
4.2—First Supplemental Indenture to the 1991 Indenture, dated as of October 1, 1997 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4(b) to MSD’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 filed September 25, 1997 (No. 333-36383)
4.3—Second Supplemental Indenture to the 1991 Indenture, dated November 3, 2009 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 4, 2009 (No.1-6571)
4.4—Third Supplemental Indenture to the 1991 Indenture, dated May 1, 2012 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended March 31, 2012 (No. 1-6571)
4.5—Indenture, dated November 26, 2003, between Merck & Co., Inc. (f/k/a Schering-Plough Corporation) and The Bank of New York as Trustee (the 2003 Indenture) — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Schering-Plough’s Current Report on Form 8‑K filed November 28, 2003 (No. 1-6571)
4.6—Second Supplemental Indenture to the 2003 Indenture (including Form of Note), dated November 26, 2003 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to Schering-Plough’s Current Report on Form 8‑K filed November 28, 2003 (No. 1-6571)
4.7—Third Supplemental Indenture to the 2003 Indenture (including Form of Note), dated September 17, 2007 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Schering-Plough’s Current Report on Form 8‑K filed September 17, 2007 (No. 1-6571)
4.8—Fifth Supplemental Indenture to the 2003 Indenture, dated November 3, 2009 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.4 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 4, 2009 (No. 1-6571)
4.9—Indenture, dated as of January 6, 2010, between Merck & Co., Inc. and U.S. Bank Trust National Association, as Trustee — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 10, 2010 (No. 1-6571)
4.10—Indenture, dated as of May 30, 2024, among MSD Netherlands Capital B.V., Merck & Co., Inc. and U.S. Bank Trust National Association, as Trustee — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 30, 2024 (No. 1-6571)
4.11—Description of the Registrant’s Securities
*10.1—Merck & Co., Inc. Executive Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective January 1, 2025)
*10.2—Merck & Co., Inc. Deferral Program Including the Base Salary Deferral Plan (Amended and Restated effective December 1, 2019) — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 filed February 26, 2020 (No. 1-6571)
*10.3—Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan (as amended and restated June 1, 2015) — Incorporated by reference to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Schedule 14A filed April 13, 2015 (No. 1-6571)
*10.4—Form of stock option terms for 2013 quarterly and annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012 filed February 28, 2013 (No. 1-6571)
*10.5—Form of stock option terms for 2014 quarterly and annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2014 filed February 27, 2015 (No. 1-6571)

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*10.6—Form of stock option terms for 2015 quarterly and annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015 filed February 26, 2016 (No. 1-6571)
*10.7—Form of stock option terms for 2017 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.8—Form of stock option terms for 2019 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.9—Form of stock option terms for 2018 quarterly and annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017 filed February 27, 2018 (No. 1-6571)
*10.10—Form of stock option terms for 2016 quarterly and annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2010 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.19 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016 filed February 28, 2017 (No. 1-6571)
*10.11—Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Appendix C to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Schedule 14A filed April 8, 2019 (No. 1-6571) and to the Registration Statement on Form S-8 filed August 12, 2019 to register 111,000,000 shares under the 2019 Incentive Stock Plan (File No. 333-233226)
*10.12—Merck & Co., Inc. Change in Control Separation Benefits Plan (effective as amended and restated, as of January 1, 2013) — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8‑K filed November 29, 2012 (No. 1-6571)
*10.13—Merck & Co., Inc. U.S. Separation Benefits Plan (amended and restated as of January 1, 2019) as further amended by Amendments 2019-1 (as of December 19, 2019), 2020-1 (as of February 25, 2020), 2020-2 (as of December 10, 2020), 2021-1 (as of March 31, 2021), 2021-2 (as of December 16, 2021), 2022-1 (as of December 14, 2022), 2022-2 (as of December 13, 2021), 2023-1 (as of December 15, 2023) and 2024-1 (as of October 22, 2024)
*10.14—Retirement Plan for the Directors of Merck & Co., Inc. (amended and restated June 21, 1996) —Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.C to MSD’s Form 10-Q Quarterly Report for the period ended June 30, 1996 filed August 13, 1996 (No. 1-3305)
*10.15—Merck & Co., Inc. Plan for Deferred Payment of Directors’ Compensation (Amended and Restated effective as of January 1, 2022) — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed February 25, 2022 (No. 1-6571)
*10.16—Offer Letter between Merck & Co., Inc. and Jennifer Zachary, dated March 16, 2018 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 filed February 27, 2019 (No. 1-6571)
*10.17—Form of stock option terms for 2021 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.23 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed February 25, 2021 (No. 1-6571)
*10.18—Form of restricted stock unit terms for 2021 annual grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan - Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 filed February 25, 2021 (No. 1-6571)
*10.19—Form of stock option terms for 2022 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.24 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed February 25, 2022 (No. 1-6571)
*10.20—Form of restricted stock unit terms for 2022 annual grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 filed February 25, 2022 (No. 1-6571)
*10.21—Form of stock option terms for 2020 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)

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*10.22—Form of restricted stock unit terms for 2020 annual grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.23—2021 Performance Share Unit terms for grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.31 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.24—Terms for Restricted Stock Unit Grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.33 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.25—Restricted stock unit terms for August 3, 2022 grant to Chirfi Guindo under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.26—Performance share unit terms for August 3, 2022 grant to Chirfi Guindo under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.36 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.27—Form of stock option terms for 2023 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.27 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed February 26, 2024 (No. 1-6571)
*10.28—2022 Performance Share Unit terms for grant under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.28 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed February 26, 2024 (No. 1-6571)
*10.29—2023 Performance Share Unit terms for grant under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31. 2023 filed February 26, 2024 (No. 1-6571)
*10.30—Offer Letter between Merck & Co., Inc. and Chirfi Guindo, dated June 8, 2022 — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.37 to Merck & Co., Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 filed February 24, 2023 (No. 1-6571)
*10.31—Form of restricted stock unit terms for 2024 annual grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan
*10.32—2024 Performance Share Unit terms for grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan
*10.33—Form of stock option terms for 2024 annual non-qualified option grants under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan
*10.34—Restricted stock unit terms for April 30, 2024 grant to Richard DeLuca under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan
*10.35—Offer Letter between Merck & Co., Inc. and Betty Larson, dated January 16, 2024
*10.36—Restricted stock unit terms for April 30, 2024 grant to Betty Larson under the Merck & Co., Inc. 2019 Incentive Stock Plan
19—Insider Trading Policy
21—Subsidiaries of Merck & Co., Inc.
23—Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
24.1—Power of Attorney
24.2—Certified Resolution of Board of Directors
31.1—Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2—Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1—Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2—Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer
97—Policy and Procedures for Recoupment of Incentive-Based Compensation — Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 97 to Merck & Co, Inc.’s Form 10-K Annual Report for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023 filed February 26, 2024 (No. 1-6571)

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Exhibit 101:
101.INS—XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE—XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104—Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).
***Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
Long-term debt instruments under which the total amount of securities authorized does not exceed 10% of Merck & Co., Inc.’s total consolidated assets are not filed as exhibits to this report. Merck & Co., Inc. will furnish a copy of these agreements to the Securities and Exchange Commission on request.

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