Item 1. Financial Statements

(In millions)		Fair Value Level			Adjusted Cost Basis				Unrealized Gains				Unrealized Losses				Recorded Basis				Cash and Cash Equivalents				Short-term Investments				Equity Investments
June 30, 2022
Changes in Fair Value Recorded in Other Comprehensive Income
Commercial paper		Level 2			$	2,500			$	0			$	0			$	2,500			$	2,498			$	2			$	0
Certificates of deposit		Level 2				2,071				0				0				2,071				2,032				39				0
U.S. government securities		Level 1				79,696				29				(2,178	)			77,547				9				77,538				0
U.S. agency securities		Level 2				419				0				(9	)			410				0				410				0
Foreign government bonds		Level 2				506				0				(24	)			482				0				482				0
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities		Level 2				727				1				(30	)			698				0				698				0
Corporate notes and bonds		Level 2				11,661				4				(554	)			11,111				0				11,111				0
Corporate notes and bonds		Level 3				67				0				0				67				0				67				0
Municipal securities		Level 2				368				19				(13	)			374				0				374				0
Municipal securities		Level 3				103				0				(6	)			97				0				97				0
Total debt investments					$	98,118			$	53			$	(2,814	)		$	95,357			$	4,539			$	90,818			$	0
Changes in Fair Value Recorded in Net Income
Equity investments		Level 1															$	1,590			$	1,134			$	0			$	456
Equity investments		Other																6,435				0				0				6,435
Total equity investments																	$	8,025			$	1,134			$	0			$	6,891
Cash																	$	8,258			$	8,258			$	0			$	0
Derivatives, net (a)																		8				0				8				0
Total																	$	111,648			$	13,931			$	90,826			$	6,891

(a)	Refer to Note 5 – Derivatives for further information on the fair value of our derivative instruments.

Equity investments presented as “Other” in the tables above include investments without readily determinable fair values measured using the equity method or measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments, and investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient which are not categorized in the fair value hierarchy. As of both December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, equity investments without readily determinable fair values measured at cost with adjustments for observable changes in price or impairments were $3.8 billion.

Unrealized Losses on Debt Investments

Debt investments with continuous unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater and their related fair values were as follows:

		Less than 12 Months								12 Months or Greater													Total Unrealized Losses
(In millions)			Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Total Fair Value
December 31, 2022
U.S. government and agency securities		$	40,516			$	(2,586	)		$	8,890			$	(1,383	)		$	49,406			$	(3,969	)
Foreign government bonds			365				(14	)			94				(13	)			459				(27	)
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities			396				(22	)			148				(21	)			544				(43	)
Corporate notes and bonds			6,908				(337	)			3,204				(339	)			10,112				(676	)
Municipal securities			125				(5	)			149				(19	)			274				(24	)
Total		$	48,310			$	(2,964	)		$	12,485			$	(1,775	)		$	60,795			$	(4,739	)

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		Less than 12 Months								12 Months or Greater													Total Unrealized Losses
(In millions)			Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Fair Value				Unrealized Losses				Total Fair Value
June 30, 2022
U.S. government and agency securities		$	59,092			$	(1,835	)		$	2,210			$	(352	)		$	61,302			$	(2,187	)
Foreign government bonds			418				(18	)			27				(6	)			445				(24	)
Mortgage- and asset-backed securities			510				(26	)			41				(4	)			551				(30	)
Corporate notes and bonds			9,443				(477	)			786				(77	)			10,229				(554	)
Municipal securities			178				(12	)			74				(7	)			252				(19	)
Total		$	69,641			$	(2,368	)		$	3,138			$	(446	)		$	72,779			$	(2,814	)

Unrealized losses from fixed-income securities are primarily attributable to changes in interest rates. Management does not believe any remaining unrealized losses represent impairments based on our evaluation of available evidence.

Debt Investment Maturities

(In millions)		Adjusted Cost Basis				Estimated Fair Value
December 31, 2022
Due in one year or less		$	28,885			$	28,758
Due after one year through five years			50,751				48,134
Due after five years through 10 years			14,845				13,012
Due after 10 years			1,348				1,205
Total		$	95,829			$	91,109

NOTE 5 — DERIVATIVES

We use derivative instruments to manage risks related to foreign currencies, interest rates, equity prices, and credit; to enhance investment returns; and to facilitate portfolio diversification. Our objectives for holding derivatives include reducing, eliminating, and efficiently managing the economic impact of these exposures as effectively as possible. Our derivative programs include strategies that both qualify and do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment.

Foreign Currencies

Certain forecasted transactions, assets, and liabilities are exposed to foreign currency risk. We monitor our foreign currency exposures daily to maximize the economic effectiveness of our foreign currency hedge positions.

Foreign currency risks related to certain non-U.S. dollar-denominated investments are hedged using foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as fair value hedging instruments. Foreign currency risks related to certain Euro-denominated debt are hedged using foreign exchange forward contracts that are designated as cash flow hedging instruments.

Certain options and forwards not designated as hedging instruments are also used to manage the variability in foreign exchange rates on certain balance sheet amounts and to manage other foreign currency exposures.

Interest Rate

Interest rate risks related to certain fixed-rate debt are hedged using interest rate swaps that are designated as fair value hedging instruments to effectively convert the fixed interest rates to floating interest rates.

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Securities held in our fixed-income portfolio are subject to different interest rate risks based on their maturities. We manage the average maturity of our fixed-income portfolio to achieve economic returns that correlate to certain broad-based fixed-income indices using exchange-traded option and futures contracts and over-the-counter swap and option contracts. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are included in “Other contracts” in the tables below.

Equity

Securities held in our equity investments portfolio are subject to market price risk. At times, we may hold options, futures, and swap contracts. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are included in “Other contracts” in the tables below.

Credit

Our fixed-income portfolio is diversified and consists primarily of investment-grade securities. We use credit default swap contracts to manage credit exposures relative to broad-based indices and to facilitate portfolio diversification. These contracts are not designated as hedging instruments and are included in “Other contracts” in the tables below.

Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features

Certain of our counterparty agreements for derivative instruments contain provisions that require our issued and outstanding long-term unsecured debt to maintain an investment grade credit rating and require us to maintain minimum liquidity of $1.0 billion. To the extent we fail to meet these requirements, we will be required to post collateral, similar to the standard convention related to over-the-counter derivatives. As of December 31, 2022, our long-term unsecured debt rating was AAA, and cash investments were in excess of $1.0 billion. As a result, no collateral was required to be posted.

The following table presents the notional amounts of our outstanding derivative instruments measured in U.S. dollar equivalents:

(In millions)		December 31, 2022				June 30, 2022
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts purchased		$	1,492			$	635
Interest rate contracts purchased			1,089				1,139
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts purchased			7,042				10,322
Foreign exchange contracts sold			17,653				21,606
Other contracts purchased			4,803				2,773
Other contracts sold			1,023				544

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Fair Values of Derivative Instruments

The following table presents our derivative instruments:

		Derivative					Derivative			Derivative				Derivative
(In millions)		Assets					Liabilities			Assets				Liabilities
		December 31, 2022								June 30, 2022
Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts		$	13			$	(79	)		$	0			$	(77	)
Interest rate contracts			0				(3	)			3				0
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts			195				(599	)			333				(362	)
Other contracts			41				(305	)			20				(112	)
Gross amounts of derivatives			249				(986	)			356				(551	)
Gross amounts of derivatives offset in the balance sheet			(203	)			206				(130	)			133
Cash collateral received			0				(12	)			0				(75	)
Net amounts of derivatives		$	46			$	(792	)		$	226			$	(493	)
Reported as
Short-term investments		$	13			$	0			$	8			$	0
Other current assets			27				0				218				0
Other long-term assets			6				0				0				0
Other current liabilities			0				(607	)			0				(298	)
Other long-term liabilities			0				(185	)			0				(195	)
Total		$	46			$	(792	)		$	226			$	(493	)

Gross derivative assets and liabilities subject to legally enforceable master netting agreements for which we have elected to offset were $239 million and $793 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2022, and $343 million and $550 million, respectively, as of June 30, 2022.

The following table presents the fair value of our derivatives instruments on a gross basis:

(In millions)		Level 1					Level 2			Level 3				Total
December 31, 2022
Derivative assets		$	0			$	241			$	8			$	249
Derivative liabilities			0				(986	)			0				(986	)
June 30, 2022
Derivative assets			1				349				6				356
Derivative liabilities			0				(551	)			0				(551	)

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Gains (losses) on derivative instruments recognized in other income (expense), net were as follows:

(In millions)			Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
			2022				2021				2022				2021
Designated as Fair Value Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
Derivatives		$	0			$	46			$	0			$	49
Hedged items			0				(45	)			0				(50	)
Excluded from effectiveness assessment			0				0				0				4
Interest rate contracts
Derivatives			5				(11	)			(38	)			(14	)
Hedged items			(8	)			15				35				22
Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
Amount reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			103				(14	)			44				(29	)
Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts			(250	)			96				(10	)			273
Other contracts			(206	)			6				(204	)			(12	)

Losses, net of tax, on derivative instruments recognized in our consolidated comprehensive income statements were as follows:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,									Six Months Ended December 31,
		2022				2021					2022				2021
Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments
Foreign exchange contracts
Included in effectiveness assessment		$	49			$	(11	)		$	9			$	(21	)

NOTE 6 — INVENTORIES

The components of inventories were as follows:

(In millions)
		December 31, 2022				June 30, 2022
Raw materials		$	1,060			$	1,144
Work in process			38				82
Finished goods			1,882				2,516
Total		$	2,980			$	3,742

NOTE 7 — BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

Nuance Communications, Inc.

On March 4, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Nuance Communications, Inc. (“Nuance”) for a total purchase price of $18.8 billion, consisting primarily of cash. Nuance is a cloud and artificial intelligence (“AI”) software provider with healthcare and enterprise AI experience, and the acquisition will build on our industry-specific cloud offerings. The financial results of Nuance have been included in our consolidated financial statements since the date of the acquisition. Nuance is reported as part of our Intelligent Cloud segment.

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The allocation of the purchase price to goodwill was completed as of December 31, 2022. The major classes of assets and liabilities to which we have allocated the purchase price were as follows:

(In millions)
Goodwill (a)						$	16,326
Intangible assets							4,365
Other assets							42
Other liabilities (b)							(1,972	)
Total						$	18,761

(a)	Goodwill was assigned to our Intelligent Cloud segment and was primarily attributed to increased synergies that are expected to be achieved from the integration of Nuance. None of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for income tax purposes.

(b)	Includes $986 million of convertible senior notes issued by Nuance in 2015 and 2017, substantially all of which have been redeemed.

Following are the details of the purchase price allocated to the intangible assets acquired:

(In millions, except average life)		Amount					Weighted Average Life
Customer-related		$	2,610			9 years
Technology-based			1,540			5 years
Marketing-related			215			4 years
Total		$	4,365			7 years

Activision Blizzard, Inc.

On January 18, 2022, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Activision Blizzard, Inc. (“Activision Blizzard”) for $95.00 per share in an all-cash transaction valued at $68.7 billion, inclusive of Activision Blizzard’s net cash. Activision Blizzard is a leader in game development and an interactive entertainment content publisher. The acquisition will accelerate the growth in our gaming business across mobile, PC, console, and cloud gaming. The acquisition has been approved by Activision Blizzard’s shareholders. We are continuing to engage with regulators reviewing the transaction and are working toward closing it in fiscal year 2023, subject to obtaining required regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.

NOTE 8 — GOODWILL

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

(In millions)		June 30, 2022				Acquisitions				Other				December 31, 2022
Productivity and Business Processes		$	24,811			$	11			$	(15	)		$	24,807
Intelligent Cloud			30,182				183				87				30,452
More Personal Computing			12,531				0				115				12,646
Total		$	67,524			$	194			$	187			$	67,905

The measurement periods for the valuation of assets acquired and liabilities assumed end as soon as information on the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition dates becomes available, but do not exceed 12 months. Adjustments in purchase price allocations may require a change in the amounts allocated to goodwill during the periods in which the adjustments are determined.

Any change in the goodwill amounts resulting from foreign currency translations and purchase accounting adjustments are presented as “Other” in the table above. Also included in “Other” are business dispositions and transfers between segments due to reorganizations, as applicable.

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NOTE 9 — INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The components of intangible assets, all of which are finite-lived, were as follows:

(In millions)		Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount				Gross Carrying Amount				Accumulated Amortization				Net Carrying Amount
		December 31, 2022												June 30, 2022
Technology-based		$	11,093			$	(7,073	)		$	4,020			$	11,277			$	(6,958	)		$	4,319
Customer-related			7,352				(3,646	)			3,706				7,342				(3,171	)			4,171
Marketing-related			4,942				(2,324	)			2,618				4,942				(2,143	)			2,799
Contract-based			21				(11	)			10				16				(7	)			9
Total		$	23,408			$	(13,054	)		$	10,354			$	23,577			$	(12,279	)		$	11,298

Intangible assets amortization expense was $632 million and $1.3 billion for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and $446 million and $885 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2021, respectively.

The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of December 31, 2022:

(In millions)
Year Ending June 30,
2023 (excluding the six months ended December 31, 2022)		$	1,256
2024			2,377
2025			1,826
2026			1,309
2027			874
Thereafter			2,712
Total		$	10,354

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NOTE 10 — DEBT

The components of debt were as follows:

(In millions, issuance by calendar year)		Maturities (calendar year)					Stated Interest Rate						Effective Interest Rate					December 31, 2022				June 30, 2022
2009 issuance of $3.8 billion					2039					5.20%					5.24%			$	520			$	520
2010 issuance of $4.8 billion					2040					4.50%					4.57%				486				486
2011 issuance of $2.3 billion					2041					5.30%					5.36%				718				718
2012 issuance of $2.3 billion			2022	–	2042			2.13%	–	3.50%			2.24%	–	3.57%				454				1,204
2013 issuance of $5.2 billion			2023	–	2043			2.38%	–	4.88%			2.47%	–	4.92%				2,814				2,814
2013 issuance of €4.1 billion			2028	–	2033			2.63%	–	3.13%			2.69%	–	3.22%				2,455				2,404
2015 issuance of $23.8 billion			2025	–	2055			2.70%	–	4.75%			2.77%	–	4.78%				9,805				10,805
2016 issuance of $19.8 billion			2023	–	2056			2.00%	–	3.95%			2.10%	–	4.03%				9,430				9,430
2017 issuance of $17.0 billion			2024	–	2057			2.88%	–	4.50%			3.04%	–	4.53%				8,945				8,945
2020 issuance of $10.0 billion			2050	–	2060			2.53%	–	2.68%			2.53%	–	2.68%				10,000				10,000
2021 issuance of $8.2 billion			2052	–	2062			2.92%	–	3.04%			2.92%	–	3.04%				8,185				8,185
Total face value																			53,812				55,511
Unamortized discount and issuance costs																			(455	)			(471	)
Hedge fair value adjustments (a)																			(103	)			(68	)
Premium on debt exchange																			(5,138	)			(5,191	)
Total debt																			48,116				49,781
Current portion of long-term debt																			(3,997	)			(2,749	)
Long-term debt																		$	44,119			$	47,032

(a)	Refer to Note 5 – Derivatives for further information on the interest rate swaps related to fixed-rate debt.

As of December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, the estimated fair value of long-term debt, including the current portion, was $46.4 billion and $50.9 billion, respectively. The estimated fair values are based on Level 2 inputs.

Debt in the table above is comprised of senior unsecured obligations and ranks equally with our other outstanding obligations. Interest is paid semi-annually, except for the Euro-denominated debt, which is paid annually.

The following table outlines maturities of our long-term debt, including the current portion, as of December 31, 2022:

(In millions)
Year Ending June 30,
2023 (excluding the six months ended December 31, 2022)		$	1,000
2024			5,250
2025			2,250
2026			3,000
2027			8,000
Thereafter			34,312
Total		$	53,812

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NOTE 11 — INCOME TAXES

Effective Tax Rate

Our effective tax rate was 19% and 17% for the three months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 19% and 9% for the six months ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in our effective tax rate for the three months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation. The increase in our effective tax rate for the six months ended December 31, 2022 compared to the prior year was primarily due to a $3.3 billion net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 related to the transfer of intangible properties and a decrease in tax benefits relating to stock-based compensation.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, we transferred certain intangible properties from our Puerto Rico subsidiary to the U.S. The transfer of intangible properties resulted in a $3.3 billion net income tax benefit in the first quarter of fiscal year 2022, as the value of future U.S. tax deductions exceeded the current tax liability from the U.S. global intangible low-taxed income tax.

Our effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal statutory rate for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, primarily due to earnings taxed at lower rates in foreign jurisdictions resulting from producing and distributing our products and services through our foreign regional operations center in Ireland.

Uncertain Tax Positions

As of December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2022, unrecognized tax benefits and other income tax liabilities were $17.1 billion and $16.3 billion, respectively, and are included in long-term income taxes in our consolidated balance sheets.

We settled a portion of the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) audit for tax years 2004 to 2006 in fiscal year 2011. In February 2012, the IRS withdrew its 2011 Revenue Agents Report related to unresolved issues for tax years 2004 to 2006 and reopened the audit phase of the examination. We also settled a portion of the IRS audit for tax years 2007 to 2009 in fiscal year 2016, and a portion of the IRS audit for tax years 2010 to 2013 in fiscal year 2018. In the second quarter of fiscal year 2021, we settled an additional portion of the IRS audits for tax years 2004 to 2013 and made a payment of $1.7 billion, including tax and interest. We remain under audit for tax years 2004 to 2017.

As of December 31, 2022, the primary unresolved issues for the IRS audits relate to transfer pricing, which could have a material impact in our consolidated financial statements when the matters are resolved. We believe our allowances for income tax contingencies are adequate. We have not received a proposed assessment for the unresolved key transfer pricing issues and do not expect a final resolution of these issues in the next 12 months. Based on the information currently available, we do not anticipate a significant increase or decrease to our tax contingencies for these issues within the next 12 months.

We are subject to income tax in many jurisdictions outside the U.S. Our operations in certain jurisdictions remain subject to examination for tax years 1996 to 2022, some of which are currently under audit by local tax authorities. The resolution of each of these audits is not expected to be material to our consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 12 — UNEARNED REVENUE

Unearned revenue by segment was as follows:

(In millions)
		December 31, 2022				June 30, 2022
Productivity and Business Processes		$	20,120			$	24,558
Intelligent Cloud			15,822				19,371
More Personal Computing			3,684				4,479
Total		$	39,626			$	48,408

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Changes in unearned revenue were as follows:

(In millions)
Six Months Ended December 31, 2022
Balance, beginning of period		$	48,408
Deferral of revenue			48,188
Recognition of unearned revenue			(56,970	)
Balance, end of period		$	39,626

Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods, was $193 billion as of December 31, 2022, of which $189 billion is related to the commercial portion of revenue. We expect to recognize approximately 45% of this revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter.

NOTE 13 — LEASES

We have operating and finance leases for datacenters, corporate offices, research and development facilities, Microsoft Experience Centers, and certain equipment. Our leases have remaining lease terms of less than 1 year to 19 years, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 5 years, and some of which include options to terminate the leases within 1 year.

The components of lease expense were as follows:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
			2022				2021				2022				2021
Operating lease cost		$	684			$	469			$	1,346			$	1,057
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		$	457			$	264			$	646			$	490
Interest on lease liabilities			119				107				232				211
Total finance lease cost		$	576			$	371			$	878			$	701

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases was as follows:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
			2022				2021				2022				2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases		$	645			$	441			$	1,299			$	1,007
Operating cash flows from finance leases			119				107				232				211
Financing cash flows from finance leases			262				222				518				422
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases			525				1,559				1,714				2,730
Finance leases			598				985				1,209				2,374

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Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:

(In millions, except lease term and discount rate)
		December 31, 2022				June 30, 2022
Operating Leases
Operating lease right-of-use assets		$	13,624			$	13,148
Other current liabilities		$	2,287			$	2,228
Operating lease liabilities			11,998				11,489
Total operating lease liabilities		$	14,285			$	13,717
Finance Leases
Property and equipment, at cost		$	18,514			$	17,388
Accumulated depreciation			(3,920	)			(3,285	)
Property and equipment, net		$	14,594			$	14,103
Other current liabilities		$	1,105			$	1,060
Other long-term liabilities			14,479				13,842
Total finance lease liabilities		$	15,584			$	14,902
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term
Operating leases			8 years				8 years
Finance leases			11 years				12 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate
Operating leases			2.5%				2.1%
Finance leases			3.2%				3.1%

The following table outlines maturities of our lease liabilities as of December 31, 2022:

(In millions)
Year Ending June 30,		Operating Leases				Finance Leases
2023 (excluding the six months ended December 31, 2022)		$	1,320			$	790
2024			2,498				1,598
2025			2,217				1,912
2026			1,847				1,595
2027			1,533				1,603
Thereafter			6,528				11,196
Total lease payments			15,943				18,694
Less imputed interest			(1,658	)			(3,110	)
Total		$	14,285			$	15,584

As of December 31, 2022, we have additional operating and finance leases, primarily for datacenters, that have not yet commenced of $6.3 billion and $19.7 billion, respectively. These operating and finance leases will commence between fiscal year 2023 and fiscal year 2028 with lease terms of less than 1 year to 18 years.

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NOTE 14 — CONTINGENCIES

U.S. Cell Phone Litigation

Microsoft Mobile Oy, a subsidiary of Microsoft, along with other handset manufacturers and network operators, is a defendant in 46 lawsuits, including 45 lawsuits filed in the Superior Court for the District of Columbia by individual plaintiffs who allege that radio emissions from cellular handsets caused their brain tumors and other adverse health effects. We assumed responsibility for these claims in our agreement to acquire Nokia’s Devices and Services business and have been substituted for the Nokia defendants. Nine of these cases were filed in 2002 and are consolidated for certain pre-trial proceedings; the remaining cases are stayed. In a separate 2009 decision, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia held that adverse health effect claims arising from the use of cellular handsets that operate within the U.S. Federal Communications Commission radio frequency emission guidelines (“FCC Guidelines”) are pre-empted by federal law. The plaintiffs allege that their handsets either operated outside the FCC Guidelines or were manufactured before the FCC Guidelines went into effect. The lawsuits also allege an industry-wide conspiracy to manipulate the science and testing around emission guidelines.

In 2013, the defendants in the consolidated cases moved to exclude the plaintiffs’ expert evidence of general causation on the basis of flawed scientific methodologies. In 2014, the trial court granted in part and denied in part the defendants’ motion to exclude the plaintiffs’ general causation experts. The defendants filed an interlocutory appeal to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals challenging the standard for evaluating expert scientific evidence. In October 2016, the Court of Appeals issued its decision adopting the standard advocated by the defendants and remanding the cases to the trial court for further proceedings under that standard. The plaintiffs have filed supplemental expert evidence, portions of which were stricken by the court. A hearing on general causation took place in September of 2022.

Other Contingencies

We also are subject to a variety of other claims and suits that arise from time to time in the ordinary course of our business. Although management currently believes that resolving claims against us, individually or in aggregate, will not have a material adverse impact in our consolidated financial statements, these matters are subject to inherent uncertainties and management’s view of these matters may change in the future.

As of December 31, 2022, we accrued aggregate legal liabilities of $181 million. While we intend to defend these matters vigorously, adverse outcomes that we estimate could reach approximately $500 million in aggregate beyond recorded amounts are reasonably possible. Were unfavorable final outcomes to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact in our consolidated financial statements for the period in which the effects become reasonably estimable.

NOTE 15 — STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Share Repurchases

On September 18, 2019, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $40.0 billion in share repurchases. This share repurchase program commenced in February 2020 and was completed in November 2021.

On September 14, 2021, our Board of Directors approved a share repurchase program authorizing up to $60.0 billion in share repurchases. This share repurchase program commenced in November 2021, following completion of the program approved on September 18, 2019, has no expiration date, and may be terminated at any time. As of December 31, 2022, $31.5 billion remained of this $60.0 billion share repurchase program.

PART I

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We repurchased the following shares of common stock under the share repurchase programs:

(In millions)		Shares			Amount					Shares			Amount
Fiscal Year						2023								2022
First Quarter			17			$	4,600				21			$	6,200
Second Quarter			20				4,600				20				6,233
Total			37			$	9,200				41			$	12,433

All repurchases were made using cash resources. Shares repurchased during fiscal year 2023 were under the share repurchase program approved on September 14, 2021. Shares repurchased during the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 were under the share repurchase programs approved on both September 14, 2021 and September 18, 2019. Shares repurchased during the first quarter of fiscal year 2022 were under the share repurchase program approved on September 18, 2019. The above table excludes shares repurchased to settle employee tax withholding related to the vesting of stock awards of $859 million and $1.8 billion for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and $1.2 billion and $2.7 billion for the three and six months ended December 31, 2021, respectively.

Dividends

Our Board of Directors declared the following dividends:

Declaration Date			Record Date				Payment Date				Dividend Per Share				Amount
Fiscal Year 2023															(In millions)
September 20, 2022			November 17, 2022				December 8, 2022			$	0.68			$	5,066
November 29, 2022			February 16, 2023				March 9, 2023				0.68				5,064
Total										$	1.36			$	10,130
Fiscal Year 2022
September 14, 2021			November 18, 2021				December 9, 2021			$	0.62			$	4,652
December 7, 2021			February 17, 2022				March 10, 2022				0.62				4,645
Total										$	1.24			$	9,297

The dividend declared on November 29, 2022 was included in other current liabilities as of December 31, 2022.

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NOTE 16 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The following table summarizes the changes in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,									Six Months Ended December 31,
			2022				2021				2022				2021
Derivatives
Balance, beginning of period		$	(6	)		$	(17	)		$	(13	)		$	(19	)
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $13, $(3), $2, and $(6)			49				(11	)			9				(21	)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in other income (expense), net			(103	)			14				(44	)			29
Tax expense (benefit) included in provision for income taxes			22				(3	)			10				(6	)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(81	)			11				(34	)			23
Net change related to derivatives, net of tax of $(9), $0**, $(8)**, and $0			(32	)			0				(25	)			2
Balance, end of period		$	(38	)		$	(17	)		$	(38	)		$	(17	)
Investments
Balance, beginning of period		$	(4,035	)		$	2,800			$	(2,138	)		$	3,222
Unrealized gains (losses), net of tax of $89, $(197), $(421), and $(307)			340				(742	)			(1,585	)			(1,157	)
Reclassification adjustments for (gains) losses included in other income (expense), net			10				(1	)			45				(10	)
Tax expense (benefit) included in provision for income taxes			(2	)			0				(9	)			2
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			8				(1	)			36				(8	)
Net change related to investments, net of tax of $91, $(197), $(412), and $(309)			348				(743	)			(1,549	)			(1,165	)
Balance, end of period		$	(3,687	)		$	2,057			$	(3,687	)		$	2,057
Translation Adjustments and Other
Balance, beginning of period		$	(3,302	)		$	(1,500	)		$	(2,527	)		$	(1,381	)
Translation adjustments and other, net of tax of $0, $0, $0, and $0			570				(103	)			(205	)			(222	)
Balance, end of period		$	(2,732	)		$	(1,603	)		$	(2,732	)		$	(1,603	)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), end of period		$	(6,457	)		$	437			$	(6,457	)		$	437

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NOTE 17 — SEGMENT INFORMATION AND GEOGRAPHIC DATA

In its operation of the business, management, including our chief operating decision maker, who is also our Chief Executive Officer, reviews certain financial information, including segmented internal profit and loss statements prepared on a basis not consistent with GAAP. During the periods presented, we reported our financial performance based on the following segments: Productivity and Business Processes, Intelligent Cloud, and More Personal Computing.

We have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way we internally manage and monitor our business.

Our reportable segments are described below.

Productivity and Business Processes

Our Productivity and Business Processes segment consists of products and services in our portfolio of productivity, communication, and information services, spanning a variety of devices and platforms. This segment primarily comprises:

	•	Office Commercial (Office 365 subscriptions, the Office 365 portion of Microsoft 365 Commercial subscriptions, and Office licensed on-premises), comprising Office, Exchange, SharePoint, Microsoft Teams, Office 365 Security and Compliance, and Microsoft Viva.

	•	Office Consumer, including Microsoft 365 Consumer subscriptions, Office licensed on-premises, and other Office services.

	•	LinkedIn, including Talent Solutions, Marketing Solutions, Premium Subscriptions, and Sales Solutions.

	•	Dynamics business solutions, including Dynamics 365, comprising a set of intelligent, cloud-based applications across ERP, CRM, Customer Insights, Power Apps, and Power Automate; and on-premises ERP and CRM applications.

Intelligent Cloud

Our Intelligent Cloud segment consists of our public, private, and hybrid server products and cloud services that can power modern business and developers. This segment primarily comprises:

	•	Server products and cloud services, including Azure and other cloud services; SQL Server, Windows Server, Visual Studio, System Center, and related Client Access Licenses (“CALs”); and Nuance and GitHub.

	•	Enterprise Services, including Enterprise Support Services, Microsoft Consulting Services, and Nuance professional services.

More Personal Computing

Our More Personal Computing segment consists of products and services that put customers at the center of the experience with our technology. This segment primarily comprises:

	•	Windows, including Windows original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) licensing and other non-volume licensing of the Windows operating system; Windows Commercial, comprising volume licensing of the Windows operating system, Windows cloud services, and other Windows commercial offerings; patent licensing; and Windows Internet of Things.

	•	Devices, including Surface, HoloLens, and PC accessories.

	•	Gaming, including Xbox hardware and Xbox content and services, comprising first- and third-party content (including games and in-game content), Xbox Game Pass and other subscriptions, Xbox Cloud Gaming, third-party disc royalties, advertising, and other cloud services.

	•	Search and news advertising.

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Revenue and costs are generally directly attributed to our segments. However, due to the integrated structure of our business, certain revenue recognized and costs incurred by one segment may benefit other segments. Revenue from certain contracts is allocated among the segments based on the relative value of the underlying products and services, which can include allocation based on actual prices charged, prices when sold separately, or estimated costs plus a profit margin. Cost of revenue is allocated in certain cases based on a relative revenue methodology. Operating expenses that are allocated primarily include those relating to marketing of products and services from which multiple segments benefit and are generally allocated based on relative gross margin.

In addition, certain costs incurred at a corporate level that benefit our segments are allocated to them. These allocated costs include legal, including settlements and fines, information technology, human resources, finance, excise taxes, field selling, shared facilities services, customer service and support, and severance. Each allocation is measured differently based on the specific facts and circumstances of the costs being allocated and is generally based on relative gross margin or relative headcount.

Segment revenue and operating income were as follows during the periods presented:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2022				2021				2022				2021
Revenue
Productivity and Business Processes		$	17,002			$	15,936			$	33,467			$	30,975
Intelligent Cloud			21,508				18,262				41,833				35,174
More Personal Computing			14,237				17,530				27,569				30,896
Total		$	52,747			$	51,728			$	102,869			$	97,045
Operating Income
Productivity and Business Processes		$	8,175			$	7,688			$	16,498			$	15,269
Intelligent Cloud			8,904				8,323				17,882				16,004
More Personal Computing			3,320				6,236				7,537				11,212
Total		$	20,399			$	22,247			$	41,917			$	42,485

No sales to an individual customer or country other than the United States accounted for more than 10% of revenue for the three or six months ended December 31, 2022 or 2021. Revenue, classified by the major geographic areas in which our customers were located, was as follows:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,								Six Months Ended December 31,
		2022				2021				2022				2021
United States (a)		$	26,976			$	26,463			$	52,843			$	49,293
Other countries			25,771				25,265				50,026				47,752
Total		$	52,747			$	51,728			$	102,869			$	97,045

(a)	Includes billings to OEMs and certain multinational organizations because of the nature of these businesses and the impracticability of determining the geographic source of the revenue.

PART I

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Revenue, classified by significant product and service offerings, was as follows:

(In millions)		Three Months Ended December 31,											Six Months Ended December 31,
		2022				2021				2022						2021
Server products and cloud services		$	19,594			$	16,382			$	37,982					$	31,452
Office products and cloud services			11,837				11,251				23,385						22,059
Windows			4,808				6,594				10,121						12,268
Gaming			4,758				5,442				8,368						9,035
LinkedIn			3,876				3,531				7,539						6,667
Search and news advertising			3,223				3,064				6,151						5,720
Enterprise Services			1,862				1,823				3,738						3,614
Devices			1,430				2,357				2,878						3,771
Other			1,359				1,284				2,707						2,459
Total		$	52,747			$	51,728			$	102,869					$	97,045

Our Microsoft Cloud revenue, which includes Azure and other cloud services, Office 365 Commercial, the commercial portion of LinkedIn, Dynamics 365, and other commercial cloud properties, was $27.1 billion and $52.8 billion for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and $22.2 billion and $42.9 billion for the three and six months ended December 31, 2021, respectively. These amounts are primarily included in Server products and cloud services, Office products and cloud services, and LinkedIn in the table above.

Assets are not allocated to segments for internal reporting presentations. A portion of amortization and depreciation is included with various other costs in an overhead allocation to each segment. It is impracticable for us to separately identify the amount of amortization and depreciation by segment that is included in the measure of segment profit or loss.

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of Microsoft Corporation

Results of Review of Interim Financial Information

We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Microsoft Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2022, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity for the three-month and six-month periods ended December 31, 2022 and 2021, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “interim financial information”). Based on our reviews, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying interim financial information for it to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of June 30, 2022, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, cash flows, and stockholders' equity for the year then ended (not presented herein); and in our report dated July 28, 2022, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, is fairly stated, in all material respects, in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.

Basis for Review Results

This interim financial information is the responsibility of the Company's management. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our reviews in accordance with standards of the PCAOB. A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB, the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.

/S/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Seattle, Washington

January 24, 2023

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Note About Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes estimates, projections, statements relating to our business plans, objectives, and expected operating results that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements may appear throughout this report, including the following sections: “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Risk Factors” (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q). These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “believe,” “project,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “intend,” “strategy,” “future,” “opportunity,” “plan,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would,” “will be,” “will continue,” “will likely result,” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially. We describe risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results and events to differ materially in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk” (Part I, Item 3 of this Form 10-Q), and “Risk Factors”. We undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events, or otherwise.

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the results of operations and financial condition of Microsoft Corporation. MD&A is provided as a supplement to, and should be read in conjunction with, our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2022, and our financial statements and the accompanying Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q).

OVERVIEW

Microsoft is a technology company whose mission is to empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more. We strive to create local opportunity, growth, and impact in every country around the world. Our platforms and tools help drive small business productivity, large business competitiveness, and public-sector efficiency. We are creating the platforms and tools that deliver better, faster, and more effective solutions to support new startups, improve educational and health outcomes, and empower human ingenuity.

We generate revenue by offering a wide range of cloud-based and other services to people and businesses; licensing and supporting an array of software products; designing, manufacturing, and selling devices; and delivering relevant online advertising to a global audience. Our most significant expenses are related to compensating employees; designing, manufacturing, marketing, and selling our products and services; datacenter costs in support of our cloud-based services; and income taxes.

Highlights from the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 compared with the second quarter of fiscal year 2022 included:

	•	Microsoft Cloud revenue increased 22% to $27.1 billion.

	•	Office Commercial products and cloud services revenue increased 7% driven by Office 365 Commercial growth of 11%.

	•	Office Consumer products and cloud services revenue decreased 2% and Microsoft 365 Consumer subscribers increased to 63.2 million.

	•	LinkedIn revenue increased 10%.

	•	Dynamics products and cloud services revenue increased 13% driven by Dynamics 365 growth of 21%.

	•	Server products and cloud services revenue increased 20% driven by Azure and other cloud services growth of 31%.

	•	Windows original equipment manufacturer licensing (“Windows OEM”) revenue decreased 39%.

	•	Windows Commercial products and cloud services revenue decreased 3%.

	•	Xbox content and services revenue decreased 12%.

	•	Search and news advertising revenue excluding traffic acquisition costs increased 10%.

	•	Devices revenue decreased 39%.

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Industry Trends

Our industry is dynamic and highly competitive, with frequent changes in both technologies and business models. Each industry shift is an opportunity to conceive new products, new technologies, or new ideas that can further transform the industry and our business. At Microsoft, we push the boundaries of what is possible through a broad range of research and development activities that seek to identify and address the changing demands of customers and users, industry trends, and competitive forces.

Economic Conditions, Challenges, and Risks

The markets for software, devices, and cloud-based services are dynamic and highly competitive. Our competitors are developing new software and devices, while also deploying competing cloud-based services for consumers and businesses. The devices and form factors customers prefer evolve rapidly, and influence how users access services in the cloud, and in some cases, the user’s choice of which suite of cloud-based services to use. We must continue to evolve and adapt over an extended time in pace with this changing environment. The investments we are making in infrastructure and devices will continue to increase our operating costs and may decrease our operating margins.

Our success is highly dependent on our ability to attract and retain qualified employees. We hire a mix of university and industry talent worldwide. We compete for talented individuals globally by offering an exceptional working environment, broad customer reach, scale in resources, the ability to grow one’s career across many different products and businesses, and competitive compensation and benefits. Aggregate demand for our software, services, and devices is correlated to global macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, which remain dynamic.

Our devices are primarily manufactured by third-party contract manufacturers, some of which contain certain components for which there are very few qualified suppliers. For these components, we have limited near-term flexibility to use other manufacturers if a current vendor becomes unavailable or is unable to meet our requirements. Extended disruptions at these suppliers and/or manufacturers could lead to a similar disruption in our ability to manufacture devices on time to meet consumer demand.

Our international operations provide a significant portion of our total revenue and expenses. Many of these revenue and expenses are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. As a result, changes in foreign exchange rates may significantly affect revenue and expenses. Fluctuations in the U.S. dollar relative to certain foreign currencies reduced reported revenue and expenses from our international operations for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022.

On January 18, 2023, we announced decisions we made to align our cost structure with our revenue and customer demand, prioritize our investments in strategic areas, and consolidate office space. As a result, we recorded a $1.2 billion charge in the second quarter of fiscal year 2023 (“Q2 charge”), which included employee severance expenses of $800 million, impairment charges resulting from changes to our hardware portfolio, and costs related to lease consolidation activities. First, we are reducing our overall workforce by approximately 10,000 jobs through the third quarter of fiscal year 2023, which represents less than 5% of our total employee base. While we are eliminating roles in some areas, we will continue to hire in key strategic areas. Second, we are allocating both our capital and talent to areas of secular growth and long-term competitiveness, while divesting in other areas. Third, we are consolidating our leases to create higher density across our workspaces, which will also impact our financial results through the remainder of fiscal year 2023, and we may make similar decisions in future periods as we continue to evaluate our real estate needs.

Refer to Risk Factors (Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q) for a discussion of these factors and other risks.

Seasonality

Our revenue fluctuates quarterly and is generally higher in the second and fourth quarters of our fiscal year. Second quarter revenue is driven by corporate year-end spending trends in our major markets and holiday season spending by consumers, and fourth quarter revenue is driven by the volume of multi-year on-premises contracts executed during the period.

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Change in Accounting Estimate

In July 2022, we completed an assessment of the useful lives of our server and network equipment. Due to investments in software that increased efficiencies in how we operate our server and network equipment, as well as advances in technology, we determined we should increase the estimated useful lives of both server and network equipment from four years to six years. This change in accounting estimate was effective beginning fiscal year 2023. Based on the carrying amount of server and network equipment included in property and equipment, net as of June 30, 2022, the effect of this change in estimate for the three months ended December 31, 2022 was an increase in operating income of $945 million and net income of $768 million, or $0.10 per both basic and diluted share. The effect of this change for the six months ended December 31, 2022 was an increase in operating income of $2.0 billion and net income of $1.6 billion, or $0.22 per both basic and diluted share. It is estimated this change will increase our fiscal year 2023 annual operating income by $3.7 billion.

Reportable Segments

We report our financial performance based on the following segments: Productivity and Business Processes, Intelligent Cloud, and More Personal Computing. The segment amounts included in MD&A are presented on a basis consistent with our internal management reporting. We have recast certain prior period amounts to conform to the way we internally manage and monitor our business.

Additional information on our reportable segments is contained in Note 17 – Segment Information and Geographic Data of the Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q).

Metrics

We use metrics in assessing the performance of our business and to make informed decisions regarding the allocation of resources. We disclose metrics to enable investors to evaluate progress against our ambitions, provide transparency into performance trends, and reflect the continued evolution of our products and services. Our commercial and other business metrics are fundamentally connected based on how customers use our products and services. The metrics are disclosed in the MD&A or the Notes to Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q). Financial metrics are calculated based on financial results prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”), and growth comparisons relate to the corresponding period of last fiscal year.

In the first quarter of fiscal year 2023, we made updates to the presentation and method of calculation for certain metrics, most notably expanding our Surface metric into a broader Devices metric to incorporate additional revenue streams, along with other minor changes to align with how we manage our businesses.

Commercial

Our commercial business primarily consists of Server products and cloud services, Office Commercial, Windows Commercial, the commercial portion of LinkedIn, Enterprise Services, and Dynamics. Our commercial metrics allow management and investors to assess the overall health of our commercial business and include leading indicators of future performance.

Commercial remaining performance obligation		Commercial portion of revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations, which includes unearned revenue and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods
Microsoft Cloud revenue		Revenue from Azure and other cloud services, Office 365 Commercial, the commercial portion of LinkedIn, Dynamics 365, and other commercial cloud properties
Microsoft Cloud gross margin percentage		Gross margin percentage for our Microsoft Cloud business

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Productivity and Business Processes and Intelligent Cloud

Metrics related to our Productivity and Business Processes and Intelligent Cloud segments assess the health of our core businesses within these segments. The metrics reflect our cloud and on-premises product strategies and trends.

Office Commercial products and cloud services revenue growth		Revenue from Office Commercial products and cloud services (Office 365 subscriptions, the Office 365 portion of Microsoft 365 Commercial subscriptions, and Office licensed on-premises), comprising Office, Exchange, SharePoint, Microsoft Teams, Office 365 Security and Compliance, and Microsoft Viva
Office Consumer products and cloud services revenue growth		Revenue from Office Consumer products and cloud services, including Microsoft 365 Consumer subscriptions, Office licensed on-premises, and other Office services
Office 365 Commercial seat growth		The number of Office 365 Commercial seats at end of period where seats are paid users covered by an Office 365 Commercial subscription
Microsoft 365 Consumer subscribers		The number of Microsoft 365 Consumer subscribers at end of period
Dynamics products and cloud services revenue growth		Revenue from Dynamics products and cloud services, including Dynamics 365, comprising a set of intelligent, cloud-based applications across ERP, CRM, Customer Insights, Power Apps, and Power Automate; and on-premises ERP and CRM applications
LinkedIn revenue growth		Revenue from LinkedIn, including Talent Solutions, Marketing Solutions, Premium Subscriptions, and Sales Solutions
Server products and cloud services revenue growth		Revenue from Server products and cloud services, including Azure and other cloud services; SQL Server, Windows Server, Visual Studio, System Center, and related Client Access Licenses (“CALs”); and Nuance and GitHub

More Personal Computing

Metrics related to our More Personal Computing segment assess the performance of key lines of business within this segment. These metrics provide strategic product insights which allow us to assess the performance across our commercial and consumer businesses. As we have diversity of target audiences and sales motions within the Windows business, we monitor metrics that are reflective of those varying motions.

Windows OEM revenue growth		Revenue from sales of Windows Pro and non-Pro licenses sold through the OEM channel
Windows Commercial products and cloud services revenue growth		Revenue from Windows Commercial products and cloud services, comprising volume licensing of the Windows operating system, Windows cloud services, and other Windows commercial offerings
Devices revenue growth		Revenue from Devices, including Surface, HoloLens, and PC accessories
Xbox content and services revenue growth		Revenue from Xbox content and services, comprising first- and third-party content (including games and in-game content), Xbox Game Pass and other subscriptions, Xbox Cloud Gaming, third-party disc royalties, advertising, and other cloud services
Search and news advertising revenue (ex TAC) growth		Revenue from search and news advertising excluding traffic acquisition costs (“TAC”) paid to Bing Ads network publishers and news partners

PART I