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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

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Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk are reported in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Market Risk Disclosures.”

NIS****OURCE INC. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

IndexPage
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm67
Statements of Consolidated Income70
Statements of Consolidated Comprehensive Income71
Consolidated Balance Sheets72
Statements of Consolidated Cash Flows74
Statements of Consolidated Stockholders' Equity75
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements77
1. Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies77
2. Recent Accounting Pronouncements80
3. Revenue Recognition81
4. Noncontrolling Interests85
5. Earnings Per Share87
6. Equity88
7. Short-Term Borrowings90
8. Long-Term Debt92
9. Property, Plant and Equipment95
10. Goodwill95
11. Asset Retirement Obligations96
12. Regulatory Matters96
13. Risk Management Activities101
14. Fair Value102
15. Income Taxes105
16. Pension and Other Postemployment Benefits109
17. Share-Based Compensation120
18. Leases123
19. Other Commitments and Contingencies125
20. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss128
21. Business Segment Information129
22. Other, Net131
23. Interest Expense, Net132
24. Supplemental Cash Flow Information132
Schedule II133

NIS****OURCE **INC.**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of NiSource Inc.

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of NiSource Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, stockholders' equity, and cash flows, for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, and the related notes and the schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2025, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2025, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 11, 2026, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Regulatory Matters - Impact of Rate Regulation on the Financial Statements – Refer to Notes 1, 9, and 12 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company’s primary subsidiaries are fully regulated natural gas and electric utility companies serving customers in six states. These rate-regulated subsidiaries account for and report assets and liabilities consistent with the economic effect of the manner in which regulators establish rates, if the rates established are designed to recover the costs of providing the regulated service and it is probable that such rates can be charged to and collected from customers. Certain expenses and credits subject to utility regulation or rate determination normally reflected in income are deferred on the consolidated balance sheets and are later recognized in income as the related amounts are included in customer rates and recovered from or refunded to customers.

NIS****OURCE **INC.**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Company’s subsidiaries’ rates are determined and approved in regulatory proceedings based on an analysis of the subsidiaries’ costs to provide utility service and a return on, and recovery of, the subsidiaries’ investment in the utility business. Regulatory decisions can have an impact on the recovery of costs, the rate of return earned on investment, and the timing and amount of assets to be recovered by rates. The respective commission’s regulation of rates is premised on the full recovery of prudently incurred costs and a reasonable rate of return on invested capital. Decisions to be made by the commission in the future will impact the accounting for regulated operations, including decisions about the amount of allowable costs and return on invested capital included in rates and any refunds that may be required. While the Company has indicated it expects to recover costs from customers through regulated rates, there is a risk that the commission will not approve: (1) full recovery of the costs of providing utility service, or (2) full recovery of all amounts invested in the utility business and a reasonable return on that investment.

We identified the impact of rate regulation, specifically certain regulatory assets and liabilities at the Company’s Northern Indiana Public Service Company LLC and Columbia Gas of Ohio, Inc. subsidiaries, as a critical audit matter due to the significant judgments made by management to support its assertions about certain account balances and the significant degree of subjectivity involved in assessing the likelihood of recovery of incurred costs in current or future rates due in part to uncertainty related to future decisions by the rate regulators. This required specialized knowledge of accounting for rate regulation and the rate setting process due to its inherent complexities and a significant degree of auditor judgment when performing audit procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of management’s conclusions.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the application of specialized rules to account for the effects of cost-based rate regulation related to the uncertainty of future decisions by the rate regulators, specifically the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission (IURC) and the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio (PUCO), included the following, among others:

  • We tested the effectiveness of management’s controls over (1) the evaluation of the likelihood of (a) the recovery of costs deferred as regulatory assets in future periods, and (b) regulatory developments that may affect the likelihood of recovering costs in future rates or of a future reduction in rates; and (2) the evaluation of Hypothetical Liquidation Book Value (HLBV) accounting for the company’s renewable facility joint ventures and its impact on the Company’s regulatory liability.

  • We evaluated Northern Indiana Public Service Company LLC and Columbia Gas of Ohio, Inc.’s disclosures related to the financial statement impacts of rate regulation.

  • We read relevant regulatory orders issued by the IURC and PUCO, including regulatory statutes, interpretations, procedural memorandums, filings made by interveners, and other publicly available information to assess the likelihood of recovery in future rates or a future reduction in rates based on precedents of the commissions’ treatment of similar costs under similar circumstances. We evaluated this external information and compared to management’s recorded regulatory asset and liability balances for completeness, including the implementation of a new base rate order at Northern Indiana Public Service Company LLC’s electric business.

  • We inspected minutes of the boards of directors for discussions of changes in legal, regulatory, or business factors which could impact management’s conclusions with respect to the financial statement impacts of rate regulation.

  • For the Northern Indiana Public Service Company LLC's electric base rate case that was approved in 2025, we inspected the order for any evidence that might contradict management’s assertions related to recoverability of recorded assets.

  • We inquired of management about property, plant, and equipment that may be abandoned with an emphasis on the generation strategy related to Northern Indiana Public Service Company LLC’s R.M. Schahfer and Michigan City Generating Stations. We inspected minutes of the board of directors, regulatory orders, the Department of Energy’s

NIS****OURCE **INC.**ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Order Under Federal Power Act Section 202(c), and other filings with the IURC to identify evidence that may contradict management’s assertion regarding probability of abandonment.

  • We read the relevant regulatory orders issued by the IURC for the Company’s renewable energy investments held within joint ventures. We evaluated the appropriateness of recognizing a regulatory liability for timing differences between the profit allocated under the HLBV accounting method and the allowed earnings included in rates for these joint ventures. We also evaluated the appropriateness of the offset to the regulatory liability recorded in depreciation expense.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

Columbus, Ohio

February 11, 2026

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002.

NIS****OURCE INC. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED INCOME

Year Ended December 31*, (in millions, except per share amounts)*202520242023
Operating Revenues
Customer revenues$6,522.8$5,282.9$5,347.8
Other revenues119.4172.2157.6
Total Operating Revenues6,642.25,455.15,505.4
Operating Expenses
Cost of energy1,584.41,132.21,533.3
Operation and maintenance1,710.21,515.21,494.9
Depreciation and amortization1,167.61,043.2908.2
Loss on impairment of assets0.76.1—
Loss (gain) on sale of assets, net(0.1)2.92.9
Other taxes344.1300.0270.6
Total Operating Expenses4,806.93,999.64,209.9
Operating Income1,835.31,455.51,295.5
Other Income (Deductions)
Interest expense, net(639.0)(517.2)(489.6)
Other, net20.164.58.0
Total Other Deductions, Net(618.9)(452.7)(481.6)
Income before Income Taxes1,216.41,002.8813.9
Income Taxes203.8158.1139.5
Net Income1,012.6844.7674.4
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest83.184.3(39.9)
Net Income attributable to NiSource929.5760.4714.3
Preferred dividends—(6.7)(42.8)
Preferred redemption premium—(14.0)(9.8)
Net Income Available to Common Shareholders$929.5$739.7$661.7
Earnings Per Share
Basic Earnings Per Share$1.96$1.63$1.59
Diluted Earnings Per Share$1.95$1.62$1.48
Basic Average Common Shares Outstanding472.9454.2416.1
Diluted Average Common Shares474.5456.0447.9

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

NIS****OURCE INC.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Year Ended December 31, (in millions, net of taxes)202520242023
Net Income$1,012.6$844.7$674.4
Other comprehensive income:
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities(1)4.13.33.9
Net unrealized loss on cash flow hedges(2)(0.4)(0.4)(0.2)
Unrecognized pension and OPEB benefit (costs)(3)20.50.3(0.2)
Total other comprehensive income24.23.23.5
Total Comprehensive Income$1,036.8$847.9$677.9

(1) Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of $1.1 million tax expense, $0.9 million tax expense and $1.0 million tax expense in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(2) Net unrealized loss on derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges, net of $0.1 million tax benefit, $0.1 million tax benefit and $0.1 million tax benefit in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(3) Unrecognized pension and OPEB benefit (costs), net of $4.4 million tax expense, $0.3 million tax expense and $0.1 million tax benefit in 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

NIS****OURCE INC.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions)December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Property, Plant and Equipment
Plant$38,058.8$34,152.9
Accumulated depreciation and amortization(9,370.6)(8,699.0)
Net Property, Plant and Equipment(1)28,688.225,453.9
Investments and Other Assets
Unconsolidated affiliates8.16.5
Available-for-sale debt securities (amortized cost of $145.8 and $91.9, allowance for credit losses of $0.0 and $0.1, respectively)146.186.7
Other investments118.685.5
Total Investments and Other Assets272.8178.7
Current Assets
Cash and cash equivalents110.1156.6
Restricted cash25.642.0
Accounts receivable1,238.1987.9
Allowance for credit losses(40.6)(23.7)
Accounts receivable, net1,197.5964.2
Gas storage252.0179.6
Materials and supplies, at average cost189.0173.3
Electric production fuel, at average cost8.536.2
Exchange gas receivable66.045.7
Regulatory assets274.2319.9
Prepayments149.3138.5
Other current assets105.024.2
Total Current Assets(1)2,377.22,080.2
Other Assets
Regulatory assets2,225.22,157.4
Goodwill1,485.91,485.9
Deferred charges and other(2)809.4432.0
Total Other Assets4,520.54,075.3
Total Assets$35,858.7$31,788.1

(1)Includes $1,312.7 million and $1,323.8 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, of net property, plant and equipment assets, $90.1 million and $65.0 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, of current assets of consolidated VIEs that may be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 4, "Noncontrolling Interests," for additional information.

(2)Includes $305.4 million in 2025 of advanced deposits of project costs of consolidated VIEs that may be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 4, "Noncontrolling Interests," for additional information.

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

NIS****OURCE INC.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in millions, except share amounts)December 31, 2025December 31, 2024
CAPITALIZATION AND LIABILITIES
Capitalization
Stockholders’ Equity
Common stock - $0.01 par value, 750,000,000 shares authorized; 478,432,058 and 469,822,472 shares outstanding, respectively$4.8$4.7
Treasury stock(99.9)(99.9)
Additional paid-in capital9,866.69,521.5
Retained deficit(315.2)(711.7)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(6.2)(30.4)
Total NiSource Stockholders' Equity9,450.18,684.2
Noncontrolling interest in consolidated subsidiaries2,209.81,984.1
Total Stockholders’ Equity11,659.910,668.3
Long-term debt, excluding amounts due within one year15,457.812,074.5
Total Capitalization27,117.722,742.8
Current Liabilities
Current portion of long-term debt19.71,281.2
Short-term borrowings736.0604.6
Accounts payable1,124.5863.1
Customer deposits and credits283.4268.8
Taxes accrued228.8173.4
Interest accrued206.2157.0
Asset retirement obligations55.084.6
Exchange gas payable125.491.8
Regulatory liabilities260.1150.5
Accrued compensation and employee benefits246.8268.2
Other accruals171.5170.2
Total Current Liabilities(1)3,457.44,113.4
Other Liabilities
Deferred income taxes2,500.12,281.6
Accrued liability for postretirement and postemployment benefits153.1207.5
Regulatory liabilities1,513.31,431.2
Asset retirement obligations781.9698.6
Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits335.2313.0
Total Other Liabilities(1)5,283.64,931.9
Commitments and Contingencies (Refer to Note 19, "Other Commitments and Contingencies")
Total Capitalization and Liabilities$35,858.7$31,788.1

(1)Includes $56.9 million and $53.7 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, of current liabilities, $55.7 million and $58.3 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, of other liabilities, and finance leases of $40.1 million and $40.4 million in 2025 and 2024, respectively, of consolidated VIEs that creditors do not have recourse to our general credit. Refer to Note 4, "Noncontrolling Interests," for additional information.

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

NIS****OURCE INC.

ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA (continued)

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS

Year Ended December 31, (in millions)202520242023
Operating Activities
Net Income$1,012.6$844.7$674.4
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash from Operating Activities:
Depreciation and amortization1,167.61,043.2908.2
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits235.8168.0134.1
Stock compensation expense and 401(k) profit sharing contribution50.943.633.5
Payments for asset retirement obligations(73.0)(72.5)(41.6)
Other adjustments24.8(49.9)(15.0)
Changes in Assets and Liabilities:
Accounts receivable(273.4)(101.5)184.1
Gas storage and other inventories(60.3)102.0233.9
Accounts payable131.871.5(171.8)
Exchange gas receivable/payable135.8(133.5)126.5
Other accruals67.99.5(102.9)
Prepayments and other current assets(37.3)(75.9)36.7
Regulatory assets/liabilities55.7(8.7)(26.2)
Postretirement and postemployment benefits(46.1)(64.3)(22.0)
Deferred charges and other noncurrent assets(33.5)(20.8)(10.1)
Other noncurrent liabilities and deferred credits3.026.1(6.7)
Net Cash Flows from Operating Activities2,362.31,781.51,935.1
Investing Activities
Capital expenditures(2,782.3)(2,614.0)(2,645.8)
Cost of removal(188.3)(166.8)(160.8)
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(93.9)(17.8)(42.8)
Sales of available-for-sale securities39.393.239.9
Milestone and final payments to renewable generation asset developers(1,098.7)(482.0)(761.4)
Advanced deposits for project costs(373.8)(29.0)—
Other investing activities(26.4)3.4(0.7)
Net Cash Flows used for Investing Activities(4,524.1)(3,213.0)(3,571.6)
Financing Activities
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt3,352.02,229.51,488.7
Repayments of finance lease obligations(22.0)(25.6)(33.1)
Repayments of long-term debt(1,260.0)——
Repayment of short term credit agreements—(1,650.0)—
Issuance of short term credit agreements——650.0
Net change in commercial paper and other short-term borrowings131.4(794.0)636.4
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs312.1612.612.9
Redemption of preferred stock—(486.1)(393.9)
Preferred stock redemption premium—(14.0)(6.2)
Payment of obligation to renewable generation asset developer——(347.2)
Equity costs, premiums and other debt related costs(26.8)(67.3)(30.2)
Contributions from NIPSCO and GenCo minority interest holders231.499.52,161.9
Distributions to NIPSCO minority interest holders(74.6)(50.3)—
Contributions from tax equity partners——240.9
Distributions to tax equity partners(14.2)(16.1)(14.1)
Dividends paid - common stock(530.4)(481.0)(413.5)
Dividends paid - preferred stock—(8.2)(43.8)
Contract liability payment——(66.6)
Net Cash Flows (used for) from Financing Activities2,098.9(651.0)3,842.2
Change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(62.9)(2,082.5)2,205.7
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period198.62,281.175.4
Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash at End of Period$135.7$198.6$2,281.1
Reconciliation to Balance Sheet202520242023
Cash and cash equivalents110.1156.62,245.4
Restricted cash25.642.035.7
Total Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash135.7198.62,281.1

The accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

NIS****OURCE INC.

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