Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
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Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report, our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, conducted an evaluation pursuant to Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based on this evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report such disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports we filed or submitted under the Exchange Act was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and included controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in such reports was accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(d)-15(f) of the Exchange Act. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance, not absolute assurance, regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Moreover, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Our management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022 based on the criteria established in “Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013)” by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
As disclosed in Part II Item 9A Controls and Procedures in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, the Company’s management identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting associated with ineffective information technology general controls (ITGCs) in the areas of user access, change-management and IT operations over certain information technology (IT) systems that support the Company’s financial reporting processes.
A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
During 2022, management implemented our previously disclosed remediation plan that included:
–Expanding controls and/or applying other appropriate procedures to address the design and operation of ITGCs on systems supporting our financial processes.
–Creating and filling functions with an emphasis on IT compliance and oversight as well as engaging with an advisor to support control design and training.
–Developing a training program addressing ITGCs and policies, including educating control owners concerning the principles and requirements of each control, with a focus on those related to user access and change-management over IT systems impacting financial reporting.
–Developing and maintaining policy documentation underlying ITGCs to promote knowledge transfer upon personnel and function changes.
–Developing enhanced risk assessment and control identification procedures.
–Implementing an IT management review and testing plan to monitor ITGCs with a specific focus on systems supporting our financial reporting processes.
–Enhanced quarterly reporting on the remediation measures to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
During the fourth quarter of 2022, we completed our testing of the operating effectiveness of the implemented controls and based on that assessment our management concluded the material weakness has been remediated and our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2022.
The Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, Ernst & Young Accountants LLP, has issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls
It should be noted that any control system, regardless of how well it is designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. There can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Except for the changes in connection with our implementation of the remediation plan discussed above, as of December 31, 2022, there were no other changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the three and twelve month periods ended December 31, 2022, which were identified in connection with management's evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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