Realty Income 10-Q 2025-03-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025, or

☐ Transition report pursuant to section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Commission File Number 1-13374

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

11995 El Camino Real, San Diego, California 92130

(Address of Principal Executive Offices)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 284-5000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," “accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 2, 2025, there were 903,079,947 shares of common stock outstanding.

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION

Index to Form 10-Q

March 31, 2025

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited)

The accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements are an integral part of these statements.

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REALTY INCOME CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share amounts) (unaudited)

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the documents incorporated by reference, contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. When used in this quarterly report, the words “estimated,” “anticipated,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “continue,” “should,” “may,” “likely,” “plans,” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include discussions of our business and portfolio; growth strategies and intentions to acquire or dispose of properties (including geographies, timing, partners, clients and terms); re-leases, re-development and speculative development of properties and expenditures related thereto; future operations and results; the announcement of operating results, strategy, plans, and the intentions of management; statements made regarding our share repurchase program; settlement of shares of common stock sold pursuant to forward sale confirmations under our At-the-Market (“ATM”) Program; dividends, including the amount, timing and payments of dividends; and trends in our business, including trends in the market for long-term leases of freestanding, single-client properties. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions about us, which may cause our actual future results to differ materially from expected results. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially are, among others, our continued qualification as a real estate investment trust; general domestic and foreign business, economic, or financial conditions; competition; fluctuating interest and currency rates; inflation and its impact on our clients and us; access to debt and equity capital markets and other sources of funding (including the terms and partners of such funding); continued volatility and uncertainty in the credit markets and broader financial markets; other risks inherent in the real estate business including our clients' solvency, client defaults under leases, increased client bankruptcies, potential liability relating to environmental matters, illiquidity of real estate investments, and potential damages from natural disasters; impairments in the value of our real estate assets; volatility and changes in domestic and foreign laws and the application, enforcement or interpretation thereof (including with respect to income tax laws and rates); property ownership through co-investment ventures, funds, joint ventures, partnerships and other arrangements which may transfer or limit our control of the underlying investments; epidemics or pandemics including measures taken to limit their spread, the impacts on us, our business, our clients, and the economy generally; the loss of key personnel; the outcome of any legal proceedings to which we are a party or which may occur in the future; acts of terrorism and war; and the anticipated benefits from mergers and acquisitions.

Additional factors that may cause risks and uncertainties include those discussed in the sections entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future plans and performance and speak only as of the date this quarterly report was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Actual plans and operating results may differ materially from what is expressed or forecasted in this quarterly report and forecasts made in the forward-looking statements discussed in this quarterly report might not materialize. We do not undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements or publicly release the results of any forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date these statements were made.

OVERVIEW

Realty Income (NYSE: O), an S&P 500 company, is real estate partner to the world's leading companies*®*. Founded in 1969, we invest in diversified commercial real estate and, as of March 31, 2025, have a portfolio of over 15,600 properties in all 50 states of the United States ("U.S."), the United Kingdom ("U.K."), and six other countries in Europe. We are known as “The Monthly Dividend Company®” and have a mission to invest in people and places to deliver dependable monthly dividends that increase over time. Since our founding, we have declared 658 consecutive monthly dividends and are a member of the S&P 500 Dividend Aristocrats® index for having increased our dividend for over 30 consecutive years.

As of March 31, 2025, we owned or held interests in 15,627 properties, with approximately 341.8 million square feet of leasable space leased to 1,598 clients doing business in 91 separate industries. Of the 15,627 properties in our portfolio as of March 31, 2025, 15,313, or 98.0%, were single-client properties, and the remaining were multi–client properties. Our total portfolio of 15,627 properties as of March 31, 2025 had a weighted average remaining lease term (excluding rights to extend a lease at the option of the client) of approximately 9.1 years. Total portfolio annualized base rent (defined as the monthly aggregate cash amount charged to clients, inclusive of monthly base rent receivables) on our leases as of March 31, 2025 was $5.05 billion.

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As of March 31, 2025, approximately 34.3% of our total portfolio annualized base rent comes from properties leased to our investment grade clients, their subsidiaries or affiliated companies. As of March 31, 2025, our top 20 clients (based on percentage of total portfolio annualized base rent) represented approximately 36.4% of our annualized base rent and 11 of these clients have investment grade credit ratings or are subsidiaries or affiliates of investment grade companies. Approximately 91% of our annualized retail base rent as of March 31, 2025, is derived from our clients with a service, non-discretionary, and/or low price point component to their business.

Unless otherwise specified, references to rental revenue in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations are exclusive of reimbursements from clients for recoverable real estate taxes and operating expenses totaling $87.4 million and $72.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Increases in Monthly Dividends to Common Stockholders

We have continued our 56-year history of paying monthly dividends by increasing the dividend three times during 2025. As of April 2025, we have paid 110 consecutive quarterly dividend increases and increased the dividend 130 times since our listing on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) in 1994.

The dividends paid per share during the three months ended March 31, 202

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We are exposed to economic risks from interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. A portion of these risks is hedged, but the risks may affect our financial statements.

Interest Rates

We are exposed to interest rate changes primarily as a result of our revolving credit facility and commercial paper programs, term loans, mortgages payable, and long-term notes and bonds used to maintain liquidity and expand our real estate investment portfolio and operations. Our interest rate risk management objective is to limit the impact of interest rate changes on earnings and cash flow and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve these objectives, we issue long-term notes and bonds, primarily at fixed rates.

In order to mitigate and manage the effects of interest rate risks on our operations, we may utilize a variety of financial instruments, including interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions, interest rate locks and caps. The use of these types of instruments to hedge our exposure to changes in interest rates carries additional risks, including counterparty credit risk, the enforceability of hedging contracts and the risk that unanticipated and significant changes in interest rates will cause a significant loss of basis in the contract. To limit counterparty credit risk, we will seek to enter into such agreements with major financial institutions with favorable credit ratings. There can be no assurance that we will be able to adequately protect against the foregoing risks or realize an economic benefit that exceeds the related amounts incurred in connection with engaging in such hedging activities. We do not enter into any derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes.

The following table presents, by year of expected maturity, the principal amounts, average interest rates and estimated fair values of our fixed and variable rate debt as of March 31, 2025. This information is presented to evaluate the expected cash flows and sensitivity to interest rate changes.

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Expected Maturity Data

The following table summarizes the maturity of our debt as of March 31, 2025 (dollars in millions):

(1)In January 2024, we entered into interest rate swaps on our 2023 term loans, which fixed our per annum interest rate at 4.9% until January 2026. Additionally, in connection with our merger with Spirit in January 2024, we effectively assumed Spirit’s existing term loans and fixed rate swaps, which carry weighted average fixed interest rates of 4.6% and 3.5% for our 2025 term loans maturing in June and August 2025, and 3.4% for our 2027 term loan maturing in August 2027.

(2)Excludes net discounts recorded on mortgages payable, net discounts recorded on notes payable, and deferred financing costs on term loans, mortgages payable, and notes payable.

(3)We base the estimated fair value of our fixed rate mortgages and private senior notes payable at March 31, 2025, on the relevant forward interest rate curve, plus an applicable credit-adjusted spread. We base the estimated fair value of the publicly traded fixed rate senior notes and bonds at March 31, 2025, on the indicative market prices and recent trading activity of our senior notes and bonds payable. We believe that the carrying values of the revolving credit facility, commercial paper borrowings, and term loans reasonably approximate their estimated fair values at March 31, 2025.

The table above incorporates only those exposures that exist as of March 31, 2025. It does not consider those exposures or positions that could arise after that date. As a result, our ultimate realized gain or loss, with respect to interest rate fluctuations, would depend on the exposures that arise during the period, our hedging strategies at the time, and interest rates.

At March 31, 2025, our outstanding mortgages payable, notes, and bonds had fixed interest rates. Interest on our revolving credit facility and commercial paper borrowings and term loans is variable. However, the variable interest rate feature on our term loans have been mitigated by interest rate swap agreements. At March 31, 2025, a 1% change in interest rates on our variable-rate debt would change our interest rate costs by $17.0 million.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rates

We are exposed to foreign currency exchange variability related to investments in and earnings from our foreign investments. Foreign currency market risk is the possibility that our results of operations or financial position could be better or worse than planned because of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. We primarily hedge our foreign currency risk by borrowing in the currencies in which we invest thereby providing a natural hedge. We continuously evaluate and manage our foreign currency risk through the use of derivative financial instruments, including currency exchange swaps, and foreign currency forward contracts with financial counterparties where practicable. Such derivative instruments are viewed as risk management tools and are not used for speculative or trading purposes. Additionally, our inability to redeploy rent receipts from our international operations on a timely basis subjects us to foreign exchange risk.

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Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our Exchange Act reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives, and management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

We carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.

Based on the foregoing, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2025 our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and were operating at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Controls

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on the Effectiveness of Controls

Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

You should carefully consider the risks described in "Item 1A, Risk Factors" in Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, as our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected by any of the risks and uncertainties described therein. There have been no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

The following table presents the number and average price of shares purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2025:

(1)All 172,693 shares of common stock purchased during the three months ended March 31, 2025 were withheld for state and federal payroll taxes on the vesting of employee stock awards, as permitted under the 2021 Plan. The withholding of common stock by us could be deemed a purchase of such common stock.

(2)In February 2025, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $2.0 billion in shares of our common stock, which will expire in January 2028.

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Director and Officer Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none of our officers or directors adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) or any “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement.”

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

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