Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

BUSINESS OVERVIEW

Business Summary

We are the world’s leading elevator and escalator manufacturing, installation and service company. Our Company is organized into two segments, New Equipment and Service. Through our New Equipment segment, we design, manufacture, sell and install a wide range of passenger and freight elevators, as well as escalators and moving walkways for residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure projects. Our New Equipment customers include real-estate and building developers and general contractors who develop and/or design buildings for residential, commercial, retail or mixed-use activity. We sell our New Equipment directly to customers, as well as through agents and distributors.

Through our Service segment, we perform maintenance and repair services for both our own products and those of other manufacturers and provide modernization services to upgrade elevators and escalators. Maintenance services include inspections to ensure code compliance, preventive maintenance offerings and other customized maintenance offerings tailored to meet customer needs, as well as repair services to address equipment and component wear and tear and breakdowns. Modernization services enhance equipment operation and improve building functionality. Modernization offerings can range from relatively simple upgrades of interior finishes and aesthetics to complex upgrades of larger components and sub-systems. Our typical Service customers include building owners, facility managers, housing associations and government agencies that operate buildings where elevators and escalators are installed.

We serve our customers through a global network of employees. These include sales personnel, field technicians with separate skills in performing installation and service, as well as engineers driving our continued product development and innovation. We function under a centralized operating model whereby we pursue a global strategy set around New Equipment and Service because we seek to grow our maintenance portfolio, in part, through the conversion of new elevator and escalator installations into service contracts. Accordingly, we benefit from an integrated global strategy, which sets priorities and establishes accountability across the full product lifecycle.

The current status of significant factors affecting our business environment in 2025 is discussed below. For additional discussion, refer to the "Business Overview" section in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our 2024 Form 10-K.

For discussion of Otis’ ESG goals and risks associated therewith, see the discussion under "Environmental, Social and Governance ("ESG")" in Item 1 and under Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our 2024 Form 10-K.

UpLift

Announced in July 2023, UpLift is a program with the goal of transforming our operating model. UpLift includes the standardization of our processes and improvement of our supply chain procurement, among other aspects of the program, as well as organizational changes which result in restructuring actions. We expect UpLift to generate approximately $200 million in annual run-rate savings by second half of 2025, with restructuring and other incremental costs to complete the transformation ("UpLift transformation costs") of approximately $300 million.

UpLift costs incurred in the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
UpLift restructuring costs						$	20					$	1
UpLift transformation costs						23						12
Total UpLift costs						$	43					$	13

Total UpLift costs incurred to date are $180 million, including $76 million of UpLift restructuring costs and $104 million of UpLift transformation costs.

UpLift restructuring costs are primarily severance costs and are recorded primarily in Selling, general and administrative in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. UpLift transformation costs are primarily for consultants, third-party service providers and personnel focused on designing and implementing a centralized service delivery model that supports our new organizational structure, including the standardization of our supply chain and digital technology procurement. These costs are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

For further details, refer to the discussion on restructuring costs in the "Results of Operations," as well as Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

German Tax Litigation

In August 2024, we received a favorable ruling regarding a German tax litigation. As a result, we recorded income tax benefits of approximately $185 million and related interest income of approximately $200 million, which were included in Income tax expense (benefit), net and Interest expense (income), net, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. Additionally, pursuant to the Tax Matters Agreement ("TMA") with RTX Corporation ("RTX", our former parent) and based on the facts and contractual provisions at the time, the Company recorded indemnification expense and payable of $194 million for amounts due to RTX resulting from the outcome of the German tax litigation. This expense was included in Other income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Based on additional information received from RTX during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Company now estimates the amount payable to RTX to be $246 million, resulting in indemnification expense of $52 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This indemnification expense is included in Other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2025. This estimate could further change due to the Company's limited access to information held by RTX and the parties' continuing discussion to resolve the scope of the indemnity obligation and the final indemnity amount.

For further details, refer to Note 11 and Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, as well as our Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.

Impact of Global Macroeconomic Conditions on Our Company

Global macroeconomic conditions have impacted, and continue to impact, aspects of the Company's operations and overall financial performance during the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. These macroeconomic conditions include, among others, inflationary pressures, high interest rates, tighter credit conditions and changes in global trade policies including higher tariffs in the U.S. and other countries. These macroeconomic trends could continue to impact our business, including impacts to overall financial performance during the remainder of 2025, as a result of the following, among other things:

• Higher costs of products and services due to tariffs;

• Customer demand impacting our new equipment, maintenance and repair, and modernization businesses;

• Customer liquidity constraints and related credit reserve;

• Cancellations or delays of customer orders; and

• Supplier liquidity, as well as supplier and raw material capacity constraints, delays and related costs.

Other than the estimated potential impact from new tariffs currently in effect of approximately $45 million to $75 million, we currently do not expect any significant impact to our capital and financial resources from these macroeconomic conditions, including to our overall liquidity position based on our available cash and cash equivalents and our access to credit facilities and the capital markets.

See the "Liquidity and Financial Condition" section in this Form 10-Q for further detail and Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our 2024 Form 10-K for macroeconomic risks related to our business.

Risks Associated with Ongoing Conflicts

The ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has resulted in worldwide geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainty, including volatile commodity markets, foreign exchange fluctuations, supply chain disruptions, increased risk of cybersecurity incidents, reputational risk, increased operating costs (including fuel and other input costs), environmental, health and safety risks related to securing and maintaining facilities, additional sanctions and other regulations (including restrictions on the transfer of funds to and from Russia). We do not have operations in Russia.

To the extent possible, we continue to operate our business in Ukraine, which represented less than 1% of our revenue and operating profit for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024.

Additionally, we do not have operations or material net sales in Israel or Gaza. Although we have operations in the Middle East and transport products through the Red Sea, we currently do not expect the recent conflicts in that region to have a material impact on our business.

We cannot predict how the events described above will evolve. Depending on the ultimate outcomes of these conflicts, which remain uncertain, they could heighten certain risks disclosed in Item 1A. "Risk Factors" in our 2024 Form 10-K, including but not limited to, adverse effects on macroeconomic conditions, including increased inflation, constraints on the availability of commodities, supply chain disruption and decreased business spending; cyber-incidents; disruptions to our or our business partners’ global technology infrastructure, including through cyber-attack or cyber-intrusion; adverse changes in international trade policies and relations; claims, litigation and regulatory enforcement; our ability to implement and execute our business strategy; terrorist activities; our exposure to foreign currency fluctuations; reputational risk; and constraints, volatility, or disruption in the capital markets, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Preparation of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. The accounting policies that involve the most significant estimates, assumptions and management judgments used in preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, or are the most sensitive to change due to outside factors, are discussed in the section entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates" included in our 2024 Form 10-K. Except as disclosed in Note 18 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q, pertaining to adoption of new accounting pronouncements, there have been no material changes in these policies.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net Sales

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Net sales						$	3,350					$	3,437
Percentage change year-over-year						(3)		%

The factors contributing to the total percentage change year-over-year in total Net sales for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 are as follows:

Components of Net sales change:						Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
Organic volume						—		%
Foreign currency translation						(3)		%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net						—		%
Total % change						(3)		%

The Organic volume was flat for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 with an organic increase of 4% in Service being offset by an organic decrease of (7)% in New Equipment.

See the "Segment Review" section for a discussion of Net sales by segment.

Cost of Products and Services Sold

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Total cost of products and services sold						$	2,349					$	2,409
Percentage change year-over-year						(2)		%

The factors contributing to the percentage change year-over-year for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 in total cost of products and services sold are as follows:

Components of Cost of Products and Services Sold change:						Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
Organic volume						—		%
Foreign currency translation						(3)		%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net and other						1		%
Total % change						(2)		%

The Organic volume was flat for total cost of products and services sold for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 primarily driven by the organic sales changes noted above. Productivity and lower commodity prices, primarily steel, were offset by inflationary pressures, including higher labor costs and higher Service-related material costs.

Gross Margin

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Gross margin						$	1,001					$	1,028
Gross margin percentage						29.9		%				29.9		%

Gross margin percentage was flat for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, when compared to the same period in 2024, due to Service sales growing faster than New Equipment sales, the benefits from productivity and lower commodity prices, offset by the inflationary pressures described above.

See the "Segment Review" section below for discussion of operating results by segment.

Research and Development

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Research and development						$	37					$	36
Percentage of Net sales						1.1		%				1.0		%

Research and development was relatively flat for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, when compared to the same period in 2024.

Selling, General and Administrative

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Selling, general and administrative						$	464					$	462
Percentage of Net sales						13.9		%				13.4		%

Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $2 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, when compared to the same period in 2024, driven by annual wage increases and higher restructuring costs, partially offset by savings resulting from UpLift, lower credit loss reserves, and favorable foreign exchange impacts.

Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of Net sales increased 50 basis points for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, when compared to the same period in 2024.

Restructuring Costs

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
UpLift restructuring						$	20					$	1
Other restructuring						23						19
Total restructuring costs						$	43					$	20

We initiate restructuring actions to keep our cost structure competitive. Charges generally arise from severance related to workforce reductions and, to a lesser degree, facility exit and lease termination costs associated with the consolidation of office and manufacturing operations. We continue to closely monitor the economic environment and may undertake further restructuring actions to keep our cost structure aligned with the demands of the prevailing market conditions.

UpLift restructuring costs were $20 million and $1 million in the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. We also incurred $23 million and $12 million of UpLift transformation costs in the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, which are primarily for consultants, third-party service providers and personnel focused on designing and implementing a centralized service delivery model that supports our new organizational structure, including the standardization of our supply chain and digital technology procurement. These costs are recorded in Other income (expense), net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Other restructuring costs were $23 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and included $12 million of costs related to 2025 actions and $11 million of costs related to 2024 actions.

Most of the expected charges will require cash payments, which we have funded and expect to continue to fund with cash generated from operations. The table below presents approximate cash outflows related to the restructuring actions during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and the expected cash payments to complete the actions announced:

(dollars in millions)						UpLift Actions						Other Actions						Total Restructuring
Cash outflows during the three months ended March 31, 2025						$	11					$	15					$	26
Expected cash payments remaining to complete actions announced						56						78						134

The approved UpLift restructuring actions are expected to generate approximately $95 million in annual recurring savings by 2025, primarily in Selling, general and administrative expenses, and of which approximately $19 million was realized during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

For other restructuring actions, we generally expect to achieve annual recurring savings within the two-year period subsequent to initiating the actions, including $27 million for the 2025 actions and $27 million for the 2024 actions, of which approximately 80% relates to Cost of products and services sold and 20% relates to Selling, general and administrative expenses. Approximately $8 million of savings was realized for the 2025 and 2024 actions during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Reorganization of Operations in China

In January 2025, we announced the reorganization of our operations in China. Among other aspects, this reorganization will result in restructuring actions of approximately $40 million. These actions include severance related costs, and we expect these actions to be mostly completed and any cash to be paid by the end of 2025. Amounts related to the reorganization of operations in China are included within Other restructuring.

For additional discussion of restructuring, see Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Other Income (Expense), Net

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Other income (expense), net						$	(89)					$	14

The changes in Other income (expense), net, of $(103) million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, were primarily driven by Separation-related adjustments of $52 million, UpLift transformation costs of $23 million, non-recurring litigation-related settlement costs of $21 million and impairment loss related to net assets held for sale of $10 million, partially offset by foreign currency mark-to-market adjustments and gain on sale of fixed assets. Other Income was also impacted by lower Separation-related adjustments, lower UpLift transformation costs, and other reserve adjustments during the same period in 2024.

For additional discussion of the Separation-related adjustments, litigation-related settlement costs and held for sale impairment, see Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional discussion of the restructuring and UpLift transformation costs, see Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Interest Expense (Income), Net

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Interest expense (income), net						$	45					$	44

Interest expense (income), net was relatively flat for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, as higher interest expense related to the $600 million and €850 million unsecured, unsubordinated debt issued in November 2024 was offset by higher interest income.

The average interest rate on our long-term debt for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, was 2.7% and 2.5%, respectively. For additional discussion of borrowings, see Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Income Taxes

						Quarter Ended March 31,
						2025						2024
Effective tax rate						30.1		%				25.2		%

The increase in the effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, is primarily the result of the tax effect of the increase in our estimated nondeductible TMA indemnity obligation payable to RTX, partially offset by a foreign valuation allowance release.

We anticipate some variability in the tax rate quarter to quarter from potential discrete items.

For additional discussion of income taxes and the effective income tax rate, see Note 11 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Noncontrolling Interest in Subsidiaries' Earnings and Net Income Attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings						$	13					$	21
Net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation						$	243					$	353

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings decreased $8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, primarily driven by increased ownership of our subsidiary in Japan during the second quarter of 2024 and lower net income from non-wholly owned subsidiaries. Other than our acquisition of the noncontrolling shares of our subsidiary in Japan during the second quarter of 2024, ownership interest in the underlying non-wholly owned subsidiaries has remained generally consistent year-over-year.

Net income attributable to Otis Worldwide Corporation decreased for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, due to lower operating profit (including the unfavorable impact of foreign exchange rates) and a higher effective tax rate, partially offset by lower noncontrolling interest in subsidiaries' earnings.

Segment Review

Summary performance for our operating segments, reconciled to total operating profit, for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

						Net Sales												Operating Profit												Operating Profit Margin
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024						2025						2024						2025						2024
New Equipment						$	1,163					$	1,280					$	66					$	71					5.7%						5.5%
Service						2,187						2,157						537						523						24.6%						24.2%
Total segment						$	3,350					$	3,437					603						594						18.0%						17.3%
Corporate and Unallocated
General corporate expenses and other																		43						33
UpLift restructuring																		20						1
Other restructuring																		23						19
UpLift transformation costs																		23						12
Separation-related adjustments																		52						(15)
Litigation-related settlement costs																		21						—
Held for sale impairment																		10						—
Consolidated Operating Profit																		$	411					$	544					12.3%						15.8%

New Equipment

The New Equipment segment designs, manufactures, sells and installs a wide range of passenger and freight elevators, as well as escalators and moving walkways in residential and commercial buildings and infrastructure projects. Our New Equipment customers include real-estate and building developers and general contractors who develop and/or design buildings for residential, infrastructure, commercial, retail or mixed-use activity. We sell directly to customers as well as through agents and distributors. We also sell New Equipment to government agencies to support infrastructure projects, such as airports, railways or metros.

Summary performance for New Equipment for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024						Change						Change
Net sales						$	1,163					$	1,280					$	(117)					(9)%
Cost of sales						962						1,065						(103)						(10)%
						201						215						(14)						(7)%
Operating expenses						135						144						(9)						(6)%
Operating profit						$	66					$	71					$	(5)					(7)%
Operating profit margin						5.7		%				5.5		%

Summary analysis of the Net sales change for New Equipment for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared with the same period in 2024 was as follows:

Components of Net sales change:						Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
Organic volume						(7)		%
Foreign currency translation						(3)		%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net and other						1		%
Total % change						(9)		%

Quarter Ended March 31, 2025

Net sales

The organic sales decrease of (7)% was primarily driven by a greater than 20% decline in China and high single-digit decline in Americas, partially offset by approximately 10% growth in Asia Pacific and mid single-digit growth in EMEA.

Operating profit

New Equipment operating profit decreased $(5) million, including foreign exchange headwinds of ($1) million. The impacts of lower volume and unfavorable regional mix were partially offset by productivity and lower commodity prices, with price relatively flat. Operating margin increased 20 basis points.

Service

The Service segment performs maintenance and repair services for both our products, and those of other manufacturers, and provides modernization services to upgrade elevators and escalators. Maintenance services include inspections to ensure code compliance, preventive maintenance offerings and other customized maintenance offerings tailored to meet customer needs, as well as repair services that address equipment and component wear and tear, and breakdowns. Modernization services enhance equipment operation and improve building functionality. Modernization offerings can range from relatively simple upgrades of interior finishes and aesthetics, to complex upgrades of larger components and sub-systems. Our typical Service customers include building owners, facility managers, housing associations and government agencies that operate buildings where elevators and escalators are installed.

Summary performance for Service for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 was as follows:

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024						Change						Change
Net sales						$	2,187					$	2,157					$	30					1		%
Cost of sales						1,363						1,339						24						2		%
						824						818						6						1		%
Operating expenses						287						295						(8)						(3)		%
Operating profit						$	537					$	523					$	14					3		%
Operating profit margin						24.6		%				24.2		%

Summary analysis of Service Net sales change for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared with the same period in 2024 was as follows:

Components of Net sales change:						Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
Organic volume						4		%
Foreign currency translation						(3)		%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net						—		%
Total % change						1		%

Quarter Ended March 31, 2025

Net sales

The organic sales increase of 4% is due to organic sales increases in maintenance and repair of 3% and in modernization of 10%.

Components of Net sales change:						Maintenance and Repair						Modernization
Organic volume						3		%				10		%
Foreign currency translation						(3)		%				(3)		%
Acquisitions and divestitures, net						—		%				—		%
Total % change						—		%				7		%

Operating profit

Service operating profit increased $14 million including foreign exchange headwinds of ($15) million. Higher volume, improved pricing on maintenance contracts, and productivity were partially offset by inflationary pressures, including higher labor costs and higher material costs and mix. Operating margin increased 40 basis points.

Corporate and Unallocated

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
General corporate expenses and other						$	43					$	33
UpLift restructuring						20						1
Other restructuring						23						19
UpLift transformation costs						23						12
Separation-related adjustments						52						(15)
Litigation-related settlement costs						21						—
Held for sale impairment						10						—
Total Corporate and Unallocated						$	192					$	50

General corporate expenses and other for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 increased $10 million, compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to higher corporate costs, partially offset by the impact of foreign currency mark-to-market adjustments.

For additional discussion of the Separation-related adjustments, litigation-related settlement costs and held for sale impairment, see Note 17 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional discussion of the restructuring and UpLift transformation costs, see Note 12 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

LIQUIDITY AND FINANCIAL CONDITION

We expect to fund our ongoing operating, investing and financing requirements mainly through cash flows from operations, available liquidity through cash on hand and available bank lines of credit and access to capital markets.

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $1.9 billion, of which approximately 37% was held by the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Domestic cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2025 includes amounts that were used on April 7, 2025, to fund the repayment at maturity of the $1.3 billion principal amount of 2.056% notes due April 5, 2025. We manage our worldwide cash requirements by reviewing available funds among the many subsidiaries through which we conduct our business and the cost-effectiveness with which those funds can be accessed. On occasion, we are required to maintain cash deposits with certain banks with respect to contractual obligations related to acquisitions and divestitures or other legal obligations. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the amount of such restricted cash was approximately $11 million and $21 million, respectively.

From time-to-time we may need to access the capital markets to obtain financing. We may incur indebtedness or issue equity as needed. Although we believe that the arrangements in place as of March 31, 2025 permit us to finance our operations on acceptable terms and conditions, our access to, and the availability of, financing on acceptable terms and conditions in the future could be impacted by many factors, including (1) our credit ratings or absence of a credit rating, (2) the liquidity of the overall capital markets and (3) the current state of the economy, including tighter credit conditions. There can be no assurance that we will continue to have access to the capital markets on terms acceptable to us.

The following table contains several key measures of our financial condition and liquidity:

(dollars in millions)									March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents									$	1,918					$	2,300
Total debt									8,406						8,324
Net debt (total debt less cash and cash equivalents)									6,488						6,024
Total equity									(5,053)						(4,785)
Total capitalization (total debt plus total equity)									3,353						3,539
Net capitalization (total debt plus total equity less cash and cash equivalents)									1,435						1,239
Total debt to total capitalization									251		%				235		%
Net debt to net capitalization									452		%				486		%

The Company does not intend to reinvest certain undistributed earnings of our international subsidiaries that have been previously taxed in the U.S. For the remainder of the Company’s undistributed international earnings, unless tax effective to repatriate, we will continue to permanently reinvest these earnings.

Borrowings and Lines of Credit

As of March 31, 2025, we had a revolving credit agreement with various banks providing for a $1.5 billion unsecured, unsubordinated five-year revolving credit facility. As of March 31, 2025, there were no borrowings under the revolving credit agreement. The undrawn portion of the revolving credit agreement serves as a backstop for the issuance of commercial paper.

There were no borrowings outstanding under the Company's $1.5 billion commercial paper program as of March 31, 2025. For additional discussion of borrowings, see Note 7 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Share Repurchase Program

On January 16, 2025, our Board of Directors revoked any remaining share repurchase authority under the prior share repurchase program and approved a new share repurchase program for up to $2.0 billion of Common Stock, of which approximately $1.8 billion was remaining as of March 31, 2025.

Under this program, shares may be purchased on the open market, in privately negotiated transactions, under accelerated share repurchase programs or under plans complying with rules 10b5-1 and 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Discussion of Cash Flows

The following table reflects the major categories of cash flows. For additional details, see the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

						Quarter Ended March 31,
(dollars in millions)						2025						2024
Net cash flows provided by (used in):
Operating activities						$	190					$	171
Investing activities						(161)						(79)
Financing activities						(428)						(467)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents						7						(18)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash						$	(392)					$	(393)

Operating activities

Cash flows from operating activities primarily represent inflows and outflows associated with our operations. Primary activities include net income from operations adjusted for non-cash transactions, working capital changes and changes in other assets and liabilities.

The year-over-year increase in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily driven by working capital balances during the periods, including an increase in Accrued Liabilities in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to a decrease in the same period in 2024, driven by an increase in indemnity obligation to RTX, an increase in litigation-related settlement reserves and the timing of restructuring payments, as well as a smaller increase in Accounts receivable, net, in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 due to the timing of billings and collections. These were partially offset by lower net income, a larger decrease in Accounts payable in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 compared to a decrease in the same period in 2024, driven by the timing of payments to suppliers. Additionally, UpLift-related payments were approximately $30 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2025, compared to approximately $15 million in the same period in 2024.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, net cash provided by operating activities was $190 million. Net income of $256 million includes $52 million of indemnification expense resulting from the German tax litigation, $21 million of litigation-related settlement costs and $10 million of impairment loss related to net assets held for sale, none of which resulted in cash flow activity during the quarter ended March 31, 2025. Net income and the change in Contract assets and liabilities, net, due to timing of billings on contracts compared to the progression on current contracts, were also partially offset by a decrease in Accounts payable due to the timing of payments to suppliers and an increase in Accounts receivable, net, due to the timing of billings and collections. For additional discussion of the German tax litigation, see Note 1 and Note 16 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, net cash provided by operating activities was $171 million. The primary drivers of the inflow related to $374 million of net income and changes in Contract assets and liabilities, net, due to the timing of billings on contracts compared to the progression on current contracts. These were partially offset by a decrease in Accounts payable due to the timing of payments to suppliers, an increase in Accounts receivable, net, due to the timing of billings, and a decrease in Accrued liabilities due to the timing of payments, including employee-related benefits, interest and income taxes.

Investing activities

Cash flows from investing activities primarily represent inflows and outflows associated with long-term assets, including capital expenditures, investments in businesses and securities, proceeds from the sale of fixed assets and the settlement of derivative contracts.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities was $161 million. The primary drivers of the outflow related to $34 million of capital expenditures, $36 million of acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets and $93 million of net cash payments from the settlement of derivative instruments.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in investing activities was $79 million. The primary drivers of the outflow related to $31 million of capital expenditures, $30 million of acquisitions of businesses and intangible assets and $21 million of net cash payments from the settlement of derivative instruments.

As discussed in Note 13 to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we enter into derivative instruments for risk management purposes. We operate internationally and, in the normal course of business, are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates, foreign exchange rates and commodity prices. These fluctuations can increase the costs of financing, investing and operating the business. We use derivative instruments, including forward contracts and options to manage certain foreign currency and commodity price exposures.

Financing activities

Cash flows from financing activities primarily represent inflows and outflows associated with equity and borrowings. Primary activities include short-term and long-term borrowing activity, paying dividends to shareholders, the repurchase of our Common Stock and dividends or other payments to noncontrolling interests.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, net cash used in financing activities was $428 million. The primary drivers of the outflow were repurchases of our Common Stock of $253 million and dividends paid on our Common Stock of $155 million.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2024, net cash used in financing activities was $467 million. The primary drivers of the outflow were repurchases of our Common Stock of $300 million and dividends paid on our Common Stock of $138 million.

Guaranteed Securities: Summarized Financial Information

The following information is provided in compliance with Rule 13-01 of Regulation S-X under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, with respect to the 2026 Euro Notes, the 2027 Euro Notes and the 2031 Euro Notes (together the "Euro Notes"), in each case issued by Highland Holdings S.à r.l. ("Highland"), a private limited liability company (société à responsabilité limitée) incorporated and existing under the laws of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg ("Luxembourg"). The Euro Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Otis Worldwide Corporation ("OWC") on an unsecured, unsubordinated basis. Refer to "Note 9: Borrowings and Lines of Credit" in Item 8 in our 2024 Form 10-K, for additional information.

Highland is a wholly-owned, indirect consolidated subsidiary of OWC. OWC is incorporated under the laws of Delaware. As a company incorporated and existing under the laws of Luxembourg, and with its registered office in Luxembourg, Highland is subject to Luxembourg insolvency and bankruptcy laws in the event any insolvency proceedings are initiated against it. Luxembourg bankruptcy law is significantly different from, and may be less favorable to creditors than, the bankruptcy law in effect in the United States and may make it more difficult for creditors to recover the amount they could expect to recover in liquidation under U.S. insolvency and bankruptcy rules.

The Euro Notes are not guaranteed by any of OWC's or Highland's subsidiaries (all OWC subsidiaries other than Highland are referred to herein as "non-guarantor subsidiaries"). Holders of the Euro Notes will have a direct claim only against Highland, as issuer, and OWC, as guarantor.

The following tables set forth the summarized financial information as of and for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 and as of December 31, 2024 of each of OWC and Highland on a standalone basis, which does not include the consolidated impact of the assets, liabilities, and financial results of their subsidiaries except as noted on the tables below, nor does it include any impact of intercompany eliminations as there were no intercompany transactions between OWC and Highland. This summarized financial information is not intended to present the financial position or results of operations of OWC or Highland in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

(dollars in millions)						Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
OWC Statement of Operations - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Revenue						$	—
Cost of revenue						—
Operating expenses						—
Income from consolidated subsidiaries						—
Income (loss) from operations excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries						(53)
Net income (loss) excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries						(80)

(dollars in millions)						March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
OWC Balance Sheet - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Current assets (intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)						$	—					$	—
Current assets (excluding intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)						1,260						1,490
Noncurrent assets (investments in consolidated subsidiaries)						1,103						1,151
Noncurrent assets (excluding investments in consolidated subsidiaries)						36						37
Current liabilities (intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						6,429						6,277
Current liabilities (excluding intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						1,813						1,625
Noncurrent liabilities (intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						—						—
Noncurrent liabilities (excluding intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						4,965						5,100

(dollars in millions)						Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
Highland Statement of Operations - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Revenue						$	—
Cost of revenue						—
Operating expenses						—
Income from consolidated subsidiaries						—
Income (loss) from operations excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries						—
Net income (loss) excluding income from consolidated subsidiaries						(61)

(dollars in millions)						March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Highland Balance Sheet - Standalone and Unconsolidated
Current assets (intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)						$	—					$	—
Current assets (excluding intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)						—						—
Noncurrent assets (investments in consolidated subsidiaries)						15,711						15,711
Noncurrent assets (intercompany receivables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)						479						460
Noncurrent assets (excluding investments in consolidated subsidiaries)						—						—
Current liabilities (intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						—						—
Current liabilities (excluding intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						12						4
Current liabilities (intercompany payables from non-guarantor subsidiaries)						500						9
Noncurrent liabilities (intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						3,705						3,513
Noncurrent liabilities (excluding intercompany payables to non-guarantor subsidiaries)						2,099						2,017

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

Item 5 "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our 2024 Form 10-K discloses our off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations. As of March 31, 2025, there have been no material changes to these off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations, outside the ordinary course of business except for those disclosed in "Note 7, Borrowings and Lines of Credit" within Item 1 of this Form 10-Q.