Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

None.

58			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders and of Snap-on Incorporated:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Snap-on Incorporated and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 28, 2019, and December 29, 2018, and the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 28, 2019, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 28, 2019, and December 29, 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 28, 2019, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 28, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 13, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for leases in the year ended December 28, 2019 due to the adoption of Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) under the modified retrospective adoption method.

Basis for Opinion

These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current-period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Finance Receivables - Net - Refer to Notes 1 and 4 to the financial statements

Critical Audit Matter Description

The Company's finance receivables are comprised of extended-term installment payment contracts to both technicians and independent shop owners (i.e., franchisees' customers) to enable them to purchase tools, diagnostics, and equipment products on an extended-term payment plan, generally with average payment terms of approximately four years. The receivables are generally secured by the underlying tools and/or diagnostic or equipment products financed. At December 28, 2019, these loans totaled $1,695.5 million with an allowance of $61.9 million recorded against the receivables. The Company estimates and records an allowance for doubtful accounts to absorb probable losses on a pool basis that incorporates historical loss experience, current portfolio characteristics, and other qualitative factors.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			59

Evaluating the judgments related to the finance receivable allowance for doubtful accounts is subjective and requires auditor judgment to effectively evaluate whether management’s judgments were reasonable.

How the Critical Audit Matter Was Addressed in the Audit

Our audit procedures related to the finance receivables allowance for doubtful accounts balance included the following procedures, among others:

• We tested the design and operating effectiveness of management’s controls over the allowance for doubtful accounts including controls over data integrity.

• We tested charge-offs, portfolio characteristics, delinquencies, and other data used in management’s allowance for doubtful accounts calculation.

• We tested the mathematical accuracy of the allowance for doubtful accounts calculation.

• We evaluated the reserve results considering the credit environment, including other relevant macroeconomic factors, as well as performed an industry analysis to evaluate the trends in the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts over time.

• We performed a trending analysis based on net losses as compared to movements in the Company’s allowance to highlight any inconsistencies.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
February 13, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

60			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Snap-on Incorporated – Consolidated Statements of Earnings

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)						2019						2018						2017
Net sales						$	3,730.0					$	3,740.7					$	3,686.9
Cost of goods sold						(1,886.0)						(1,870.7)						(1,861.0)
Gross profit						1,844.0						1,870.0						1,825.9
Operating expenses						(1,127.6)						(1,144.0)						(1,161.3)
Operating earnings before financial services						716.4						726.0						664.6
Financial services revenue						337.7						329.7						313.4
Financial services expenses						(91.8)						(99.6)						(95.9)
Operating earnings from financial services						245.9						230.1						217.5
Operating earnings						962.3						956.1						882.1
Interest expense						(49.0)						(50.4)						(52.4)
Other income (expense) – net						8.8						4.2						(7.8)
Earnings before income taxes and equity earnings						922.1						909.9						821.9
Income tax expense						(211.8)						(214.4)						(250.9)
Earnings before equity earnings						710.3						695.5						571.0
Equity earnings, net of tax						0.9						0.7						1.2
Net earnings						711.2						696.2						572.2
Net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interests						(17.7)						(16.3)						(14.5)
Net earnings attributable to Snap-on Incorporated						$	693.5					$	679.9					$	557.7
Net earnings per share attributable to Snap-on Incorporated:
Basic						$	12.59					$	12.08					$	9.72
Diluted						12.41						11.87						9.52
Weighted-average shares outstanding:
Basic						55.1						56.3						57.4
Effect of dilutive securities						0.8						1.0						1.2
Diluted						55.9						57.3						58.6

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			61

Snap-on Incorporated – Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Comprehensive income (loss):
Net earnings						$	711.2					$	696.2					$	572.2
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation*						(9.5)						(95.4)						135.2
Unrealized cash flow hedges, net of tax:
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications						—						(0.8)						6.9
Reclassification of cash flow hedges to net earnings						(1.5)						(1.5)						(1.6)
Defined benefit pension and postretirement plans:
Net prior service costs and credits and unrecognized (loss) gain						(6.7)						(79.0)						15.9
Income tax (expense) benefit						0.2						20.0						(4.1)
Net of tax						(6.5)						(59.0)						11.8
Amortization of net prior service costs and credits and unrecognized loss included in net periodic benefit cost						23.5						31.1						26.6
Income tax benefit						(5.8)						(7.6)						(9.4)
Net of tax						17.7						23.5						17.2
Total comprehensive income						711.4						563.0						741.7
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests						(17.7)						(16.3)						(14.5)
Comprehensive income attributable to Snap-on Incorporated						$	693.7					$	546.7					$	727.2

• There is no reclassification adjustment as there was no sale or liquidation of any foreign entity during any period presented.

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

62			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Snap-on Incorporated – Consolidated Balance Sheets

						Fiscal Year End
(Amounts in millions, except share data)						2019						2018
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	184.5					$	140.9
Trade and other accounts receivable – net						694.6						692.6
Finance receivables – net						530.1						518.5
Contract receivables – net						100.7						98.3
Inventories – net						760.4						673.8
Prepaid expenses and other assets						110.2						92.8
Total current assets						2,380.5						2,216.9
Property and equipment – net						521.5						495.1
Operating lease right-of-use assets						55.6						—
Deferred income tax assets						52.3						64.7
Long-term finance receivables – net						1,103.5						1,074.4
Long-term contract receivables – net						360.1						344.9
Goodwill						913.8						902.2
Other intangibles – net						243.9						232.9
Other assets						62.3						42.0
Total assets						$	5,693.5					$	5,373.1
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Notes payable						$	202.9					$	186.3
Accounts payable						198.5						201.1
Accrued benefits						53.3						52.0
Accrued compensation						53.9						71.5
Franchisee deposits						68.2						67.5
Other accrued liabilities						370.8						373.6
Total current liabilities						947.6						952.0
Long-term debt						946.9						946.0
Deferred income tax liabilities						69.3						41.4
Retiree health care benefits						33.6						31.8
Pension liabilities						122.1						171.3
Operating lease liabilities						37.5						—
Other long-term liabilities						105.7						112.0
Total liabilities						2,262.7						2,254.5
Commitments and contingencies (Note 15)
Equity
Shareholders’ equity attributable to Snap-on Incorporated:
Preferred stock (authorized 15,000,000 shares of $1 par value; none outstanding)						—						—
Common stock (authorized 250,000,000 shares of $1 par value; issued 67,423,106 and 67,415,091 shares, respectively)						67.4						67.4
Additional paid-in capital						379.1						359.4
Retained earnings						4,779.7						4,257.6
Accumulated other comprehensive loss						(507.9)						(462.2)
Treasury stock at cost (12,772,882 and 11,804,310 shares, respectively)						(1,309.2)						(1,123.4)
Total shareholders’ equity attributable to Snap-on Incorporated						3,409.1						3,098.8
Noncontrolling interests						21.7						19.8
Total equity						3,430.8						3,118.6
Total liabilities and equity						$	5,693.5					$	5,373.1

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			63

Snap-on Incorporated – Consolidated Statements of Equity

						Shareholders’ Equity Attributable to Snap-on Incorporated
(Amounts in millions, except share data)						Common Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital						Retained Earnings						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Treasury Stock						Noncontrolling Interests						Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016						$	67.4					$	317.3					$	3,384.9					$	(498.5)					$	(653.9)					$	18.0					$	2,635.2
Net earnings for 2017						—						—						557.7						—						—						14.5						572.2
Other comprehensive income						—						—						—						169.5						—						—						169.5
Cash dividends – $2.95 per share						—						—						(169.4)						—						—						—						(169.4)
Stock compensation plans						—						25.9						—						—						41.8						—						67.7
Share repurchases – 1,820,000 shares						—						—						—						—						(287.9)						—						(287.9)
Other						—						—						(0.9)						—						—						(14.1)						(15.0)
Balance at December 30, 2017						67.4						343.2						3,772.3						(329.0)						(900.0)						18.4						2,972.3
Net earnings for 2018						—						—						679.9						—						—						16.3						696.2
Other comprehensive loss						—						—						—						(133.2)						—						—						(133.2)
Cash dividends – $3.41 per share						—						—						(192.0)						—						—						—						(192.0)
Stock compensation plans						—						16.2						—						—						60.7						—						76.9
Share repurchases – 1,769,000 shares						—						—						—						—						(284.1)						—						(284.1)
Other						—						—						(2.6)						—						—						(14.9)						(17.5)
Balance at December 29, 2018						67.4						359.4						4,257.6						(462.2)						(1,123.4)						19.8						3,118.6
Impact of the Tax Act on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU No. 2018-02)						—						—						45.9						(45.9)						—						—						—
Balance at December 30, 2018						67.4						359.4						4,303.5						(508.1)						(1,123.4)						19.8						3,118.6
Net earnings for 2019						—						—						693.5						—						—						17.7						711.2
Other comprehensive income						—						—						—						0.2						—						—						0.2
Cash dividends – $3.93 per share						—						—						(216.6)						—						—						—						(216.6)
Stock compensation plans						—						19.7						—						—						52.6						—						72.3
Share repurchases – 1,495,000 shares						—						—						—						—						(238.4)						—						(238.4)
Other						—						—						(0.7)						—						—						(15.8)						(16.5)
Balance at December 28, 2019						$	67.4					$	379.1					$	4,779.7					$	(507.9)					$	(1,309.2)					$	21.7					$	3,430.8

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

64			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Snap-on Incorporated – Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Operating activities:
Net earnings						$	711.2					$	696.2					$	572.2
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:
Depreciation						70.1						68.8						65.6
Amortization of other intangibles						22.3						25.3						27.6
Provision for losses on finance receivables						49.9						57.5						54.6
Provision for losses on non-finance receivables						18.3						12.8						10.5
Stock-based compensation expense						23.8						27.2						30.3
Deferred income tax provision						34.2						13.7						12.3
Loss (gain) on sales of assets						0.9						0.5						(0.2)
Settlement of treasury lock						—						—						14.9
Loss on early extinguishment of debt						—						7.8						—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions:
Trade and other accounts receivable						(15.7)						(47.7)						(55.5)
Contract receivables						(20.9)						(30.9)						(41.8)
Inventories						(97.0)						(38.6)						(76.0)
Prepaid and other assets						(22.2)						10.4						(10.0)
Accounts payable						(2.6)						27.5						(2.2)
Accruals and other liabilities						(97.7)						(66.0)						6.2
Net cash provided by operating activities						674.6						764.5						608.5
Investing activities:
Additions to finance receivables						(841.9)						(865.6)						(892.0)
Collections of finance receivables						754.3						747.7						712.7
Capital expenditures						(99.4)						(90.9)						(82.0)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired						(38.6)						(3.0)						(82.9)
Disposals of property and equipment						1.7						0.7						1.5
Other						1.8						0.9						1.3
Net cash used by investing activities						(222.1)						(210.2)						(341.4)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt						—						395.4						297.8
Repayments of long-term debt						—						(457.8)						(150.0)
Proceeds from notes payable						—						—						16.8
Repayments of notes payable						—						(16.8)						(4.5)
Net increase in other short-term borrowings						17.6						21.7						18.3
Cash dividends paid						(216.6)						(192.0)						(169.4)
Purchases of treasury stock						(238.4)						(284.1)						(287.9)
Proceeds from stock purchase and option plans						51.4						55.5						46.2
Other						(23.4)						(24.1)						(23.4)
Net cash used by financing activities						(409.4)						(502.2)						(256.1)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents						0.5						(3.2)						3.4
Increase in cash and cash equivalents						43.6						48.9						14.4
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year						140.9						92.0						77.6
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year						$	184.5					$	140.9					$	92.0
Supplemental cash flow disclosures:
Cash paid for interest						$	(46.3)					$	(51.5)					$	(51.2)
Net cash paid for income taxes						(191.2)						(188.0)						(228.1)

See Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			65

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1: Summary of Accounting Policies

Principles of consolidation and presentation: The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Snap-on Incorporated and its wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries (collectively, “Snap-on” or “the company”).

Snap-on accounts for investments in unconsolidated affiliates where Snap-on has a non-significant ownership interest under the equity method of accounting. Investments in unconsolidated affiliates of $18.8 million as of December 28, 2019, and $18.5 million as of December 29, 2018, are included in “Other assets” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets; no equity investment dividends were received in any period presented.

In the normal course of business, the company may purchase products or services from, or sell products or services to, unconsolidated affiliates. Purchases from unconsolidated affiliates were $10.4 million, $11.2 million and $11.6 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and sales to unconsolidated affiliates were $0.6 million in 2019, $0.8 million in 2018 and $0.5 million in 2017. The Consolidated Financial Statements do not include the accounts of the company’s independent franchisees. Snap-on’s Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Fiscal year accounting period: Snap-on’s fiscal year ends on the Saturday that is on or nearest to December 31. The 2019 fiscal year ended on December 28, 2019 (“2019”). The 2018 fiscal year ended on December 29, 2018 (“2018”). The 2017 fiscal year ended on December 30, 2017 (“2017”). The 2019, 2018 and 2017 fiscal years each contained 52 weeks of operating results.

Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Financial instruments: The fair value of the company’s derivative financial instruments is generally determined using quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities. The carrying value of the company’s non-derivative financial instruments either approximates fair value, due to their short-term nature, or the amount disclosed for fair value is based upon a discounted cash flow analysis or quoted market values. See Note 10 for further information on financial instruments.

Revenue recognition: Snap-on recognizes revenue from the sale of tools, diagnostic and equipment products and related services based on when control of the product passes to the customer or the service is provided and is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for such goods or services. See Note 2 for information on revenue recognition.

Financial services revenue: Snap-on also generates revenue from various financing programs that include: (i) installment sales and lease contracts arising from franchisees’ customers and Snap-on customers who require financing for the purchase or lease of tools and diagnostic and equipment products on an extended-term payment plan; and (ii) business loans and vehicle leases to franchisees. These financing programs are offered through Snap-on’s wholly owned finance subsidiaries. Financial services revenue consists primarily of interest income on finance and contract receivables and is recognized over the life of the underlying contracts, with interest computed primarily on the average daily balances of the underlying contracts.

The decision to finance through Snap-on or another financing source is solely at the election of the customer. When assessing customers for potential financing, Snap-on considers various factors regarding ability to pay, including the customers’ financial condition, debt-servicing ability, past payment experience, and credit bureau and proprietary Snap-on credit model information, as well as the value of the underlying collateral. For finance receivables, Snap-on assesses these factors through the use of credit quality indicators consisting primarily of customer credit risk scores combined with internal credit risk grades, collection experience, franchise input and other internal metrics. For contract receivables, Snap-on assesses these factors through the use of credit quality indicators consisting primarily of customer credit risk scores combined with internal credit risk grades, collection experience and other internal metrics.

66			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Financial services lease arrangements: Snap-on accounts for its financial services leases as sales-type leases. The company recognizes the net investment in the lease as the present value of the lease payments not yet received plus the present value of the unguaranteed residual value, using the interest rate implicit in the lease. The difference between the undiscounted lease payments received over the lease term and the related net investment in the lease is reported as unearned finance charges. Unearned finance charges are amortized to income over the life of the contract. The default covenants included in the lease arrangements are usual and customary, consistent with industry practice, and do not impact the lease classification. Except in circumstances where the company has concluded that a lessee’s financial condition has deteriorated, the other default covenants under Snap-on’s lease arrangements are objectively determinable. See Notes 4 and 16 for further information on finance and contract receivables and lessor accounting.

Research and engineering: Snap-on incurred research and engineering costs of $59.1 million, $61.2 million and $60.9 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Research and engineering costs are included in “Operating expenses” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Internally developed software: Costs incurred in the development of software that will ultimately be sold are capitalized from the time technological feasibility has been attained and capitalization ceases when the related product is ready for general release. During 2019, 2018 and 2017, Snap-on capitalized $12.6 million, $9.7 million and $11.3 million, respectively, of such costs. Amortization of capitalized software development costs, which is included in “Cost of goods sold” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings, was $10.1 million in 2019, $13.4 million in 2018 and $14.7 million in 2017. Unamortized capitalized software development costs of $42.6 million as of 2019 year end and $40.2 million as of 2018 year end are included in “Other intangibles – net” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Internal-use software: Costs that are incurred in creating software solutions and enhancements to those solutions are capitalized only for the application development stage of the project.

Shipping and handling: Amounts billed to customers for shipping and handling are included as a component of sales. Costs incurred by Snap-on for shipping and handling are included as a component of cost of goods sold when the costs relate to manufacturing activities. In 2019, 2018 and 2017, Snap-on incurred shipping and handling charges of $56.5 million, $53.7 million and $49.7 million, respectively, that were recorded in “Cost of goods sold” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Shipping and handling costs incurred in conjunction with selling or distribution activities are included as a component of operating expenses. Shipping and handling charges were $88.7 million in 2019, $84.3 million in 2018 and $82.3 million in 2017; these charges were recorded in “Operating expenses” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Advertising and promotion: Production costs of future media advertising are deferred until the advertising occurs. All other advertising and promotion costs are expensed when incurred. For 2019, 2018 and 2017, advertising and promotion expenses totaled $47.7 million, $55.6 million and $55.7 million, respectively. Advertising and promotion costs are included in “Operating expenses” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Warranties: Snap-on provides product warranties for specific product lines and accrues for estimated future warranty costs in the period in which the sale is recorded. See Notes 2 and 15 for information on warranties.

Foreign currency: The financial statements of Snap-on’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated at current rates of exchange, and income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded directly into “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Foreign exchange transactions, net of foreign currency hedges, resulted in pretax losses of $3.6 million, $3.9 million and $7.0 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are reported in “Other income (expense) – net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			67

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Income taxes: Current tax assets and liabilities are based upon an estimate of taxes refundable or payable for each of the jurisdictions in which the company is subject to tax. In the ordinary course of business, there is inherent uncertainty in quantifying income tax positions. Snap-on assesses income tax positions and records tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, Snap-on records the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit is recognized in the financial statements. When applicable, associated interest and penalties are recognized as a component of income tax expense. Accrued interest and penalties are included within the related tax asset or liability on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences arising from differences in bases of assets and liabilities for tax and financial reporting purposes. Deferred income taxes are recorded on temporary differences using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more-likely-than-not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. See Note 8 for further information on income taxes.

Per share data: Basic earnings per share calculations were computed by dividing net earnings attributable to Snap-on Incorporated by the corresponding weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. The dilutive effect of the potential exercise of outstanding options and stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) to purchase common shares is calculated using the treasury stock method. As of December 28, 2019, there were 1,215,695 awards outstanding that were anti-dilutive; as of December 29, 2018, there were 685,533 awards outstanding that were anti-dilutive; and as of December 30, 2017 there were 722,715 awards outstanding that were anti-dilutive. Performance-based equity awards are included in the diluted earnings per share calculation based on the attainment of the applicable performance metrics to date. Snap-on had dilutive securities totaling 748,395 shares, 986,984 shares and 1,207,285 shares, as of the end of 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. See Note 13 for further information on equity awards.

Stock-based compensation: Snap-on recognizes the cost of employee services in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of those awards. That cost, based on the estimated number of awards that are expected to vest, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the period during which the employee is required to provide the service in exchange for the award. No compensation cost is recognized for awards for which employees do not render the requisite service. The grant date fair value of employee stock options and similar instruments is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation model.

The Black-Scholes valuation model requires the input of subjective assumptions, including the expected life of the stock-based award and stock price volatility. The assumptions used are management’s best estimates, but the estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if other assumptions had been used, the recorded stock-based compensation expense could have been materially different from that depicted in the financial statements. See Note 13 for further information on stock-based compensation.

Derivatives: Snap-on utilizes derivative financial instruments, including foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap agreements, treasury lock agreements and prepaid equity forward agreements to manage its exposures to foreign currency exchange rate risks, interest rate risks, and market risk associated with the stock-based portion of its deferred compensation plans. Snap-on accounts for its derivative instruments at fair value. Snap-on does not use financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. See Note 10 for further information on derivatives.

Cash equivalents: Snap-on considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. There were no cash equivalents as of 2019 and 2018 year ends.

68			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Receivables and allowances for doubtful accounts: All trade, finance and contract receivables are reported on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at their outstanding principal balance adjusted for any charge-offs and net of allowances for doubtful accounts. Finance and contract receivables also include accrued interest and contract acquisition costs, net of contract acquisition fees.

Snap-on maintains allowances for doubtful accounts to absorb probable losses inherent in its portfolio of receivables. The allowances for doubtful accounts represent management’s estimate of the losses inherent in the company’s receivables portfolio based on ongoing assessments and evaluations of collectability and historical loss experience. In estimating losses inherent in each of its receivable portfolios (trade, finance and contract receivables), Snap-on uses historical loss experience rates by portfolio and applies them to a related aging analysis. Determination of the proper level of allowances by portfolio requires management to exercise judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of credit losses that could materially affect the allowance for doubtful accounts and, as a result, net earnings. The allowances take into consideration numerous quantitative and qualitative factors that include receivable type, historical loss experience, loss migration, delinquency trends, collection experience, current economic conditions and credit risk characteristics as follows:

• Snap-on evaluates the collectability of receivables based on a combination of various financial and qualitative factors that may affect its customers’ ability to pay. These factors may include customers’ financial condition, debt-servicing ability, past payment experience, and credit bureau and proprietary Snap-on credit model information, as well as the value of the underlying collateral.

• For finance and contract receivables, Snap-on assesses quantitative and qualitative factors through the use of credit quality indicators consisting primarily of collection experience and other internal metrics as follows:

◦Collection experience – Snap-on conducts monthly reviews of credit and collection performance for each of its finance and contract receivable portfolios focusing on data such as delinquency trends, non-performing assets, and charge-off and recovery activity. These reviews allow for the formulation of collection strategies and potential collection policy modifications in response to changing risk profiles in the finance and contract receivable portfolios.

◦Other internal metrics – Snap-on maintains a system that aggregates credit exposure by customer, risk classification and geographical area, among other factors, to further monitor changing risk profiles.

Management performs detailed reviews of its receivables on a monthly and/or quarterly basis to assess the adequacy of the allowances based on historical and current trends and other factors affecting credit losses and to determine if any impairment has occurred. A receivable is impaired when it is probable that all amounts related to the receivable will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Additions to the allowances for doubtful accounts are maintained through adjustments to the allowances, which are charged to current period earnings; amounts determined to be uncollectable are charged directly against the allowances, while amounts recovered on previously charged-off accounts increase the allowances. Net charge-offs include the principal amount of losses charged-off as well as charged-off interest and fees. Recovered interest and fees previously charged-off are recorded through the allowances for doubtful accounts and increase the allowances. Finance receivables are assessed for charge-off when an account becomes 120 days past due and are charged-off typically within 60 days of asset repossession. Contract receivables related to equipment leases are generally charged-off when an account becomes 150 days past due, while contract receivables related to franchise finance and van leases are generally charged-off up to 180 days past the asset return date. For finance and contract receivables, customer bankruptcies are generally charged-off upon notification that the associated debt is not being reaffirmed or, in any event, no later than 180 days past due.

Snap-on does not believe that its trade accounts, finance or contract receivables represent significant concentrations of credit risk because of the diversified portfolio of individual customers and geographical areas. See Note 4 for further information on receivables and allowances for doubtful accounts.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			69

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Other accrued liabilities: Supplemental balance sheet information for “Other accrued liabilities” as of 2019 and 2018 year end is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Income taxes						$	23.9					$	34.4
Accrued warranty						17.3						17.1
Operating lease liability						19.5						—
Deferred subscription revenue						55.1						47.3
Accrued new tool return						50.9						43.7
Accrued property, payroll and other taxes						38.6						40.1
Accrued selling and promotion expense						28.3						28.7
Accrued legal charges						—						30.9
Other						137.2						131.4
Total other accrued liabilities						$	370.8					$	373.6

Inventories: Snap-on values its inventory at the lower of cost or market and adjusts for the value of inventory that is estimated to be excess, obsolete or otherwise unmarketable. Snap-on records allowances for excess and obsolete inventory based on historical and estimated future demand and market conditions. Allowances for raw materials are largely based on an analysis of raw material age and actual physical inspection of raw material for fitness for use. As part of evaluating the adequacy of allowances for work-in-progress and finished goods, management reviews individual product stock-keeping units (SKUs) by product category and product life cycle. Cost adjustments for each product category/product life-cycle state are generally established and maintained based on a combination of historical experience, forecasted sales and promotions, technological obsolescence, inventory age and other actual known conditions and circumstances. Should actual product marketability and raw material fitness for use be affected by conditions that are different from management estimates, further adjustments to inventory allowances may be required.

Snap-on adopted the “last-in, first-out” (“LIFO”) inventory valuation method in 1973 for its U.S. locations. Snap-on’s U.S. inventories accounted for on a LIFO basis consist of purchased product and inventory manufactured at the company’s heritage U.S. manufacturing facilities (primarily hand tools and tool storage). Since Snap-on began acquiring businesses in the 1990’s, the company has used the “first-in, first-out” (“FIFO”) inventory valuation methodology for acquisitions; the company does not adopt the LIFO inventory valuation methodology for new acquisitions. See Note 5 for further information on inventories.

Property and equipment: Property and equipment is stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization are provided on a straight-line basis over estimated useful lives. Major repairs that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized, while routine maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized software included in property and equipment reflects costs related to internally developed or purchased software for internal use and is amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable. See Note 6 for further information on property and equipment.

Goodwill and other intangible assets: Goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets are tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. Annual impairment tests are performed by the company in the second quarter of each year using information available as of April month end. Snap-on evaluates the existence of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment on the basis of whether the assets are fully recoverable from projected, discounted cash flows of the related reportable unit or asset. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives using straight-line and accelerated methods depending on the nature of the particular asset. See Note 7 for further information on goodwill and other intangible assets.

70			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

New accounting standards

The following new accounting pronouncements were adopted in fiscal year 2019:

In August 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815) – Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which improves the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. The amendments in this update also make certain targeted improvements to simplify the application of the hedge accounting guidance in current GAAP. Snap-on adopted ASU No. 2017-12 at the beginning of its 2019 fiscal year. The adoption of this ASU resulted in new disclosures, including comparative information for all years presented, but otherwise had no impact on the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 10 for further information on financial instruments.

In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-02, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Topic 220), which allows for a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). Snap-on adopted this ASU at the beginning of its 2019 fiscal year, resulting in an increase of $45.9 million to Retained Earnings on the company’s Consolidated Statements of Equity with an offsetting decrease in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss). See Note 18 for further information on accumulated other comprehensive income.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), to increase transparency and comparability among organizations by recognizing lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. The ASU is intended to represent an improvement over previous GAAP, which did not require lease assets and lease liabilities to be recognized for most leases. Topic 842, which supersedes most current lease guidance, affects any entity that enters into a lease, with some specified scope exemptions.

Snap-on adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective approach, with a date of initial application of December 30, 2018, the beginning of its 2019 fiscal year. Snap-on elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the standard, which allowed the company to carry forward historical lease classifications. The company also elected the practical expedient related to treating lease and non-lease components as a single lease component for all equipment leases as well as electing a policy exclusion permitting leases with an original lease term of less than one year to be excluded from the Right-of-Use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities. The adoption of this ASU did not have a significant impact on the company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. See Note 16 for further information on leases.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation - Retirement Benefits - Defined Benefit Plans - General Subtopic 715-20 - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans, which is designed to improve the effectiveness of disclosures by removing and adding disclosures related to defined benefit plans. ASU No. 2018-14 is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. In the fourth quarter of 2019, the company early adopted ASU 2018-14. The adoption resulted in new disclosures, including comparative information for all years presented, and the removal of certain disclosures no longer required. See Notes 11 and 12 for further information on retirement plans.

The following new accounting pronouncements, and related impacts on adoption, are being evaluated by the company:

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which is designed to simplify the accounting for income taxes by removing certain exceptions to the general principles in Topic 740. ASU 2019-12 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years; this ASU allows for early adoption in any interim period after issuance of the update. The company is currently assessing the impact this ASU will have on its consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which is designed to improve the effectiveness of disclosures by removing, modifying and adding disclosures related to fair value measurements. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this ASU is not expected to have a significant impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			71

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326), to require the measurement of expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable forecasts. The main objective of this ASU is to provide financial statement users with more information about the expected credit losses on financial instruments and other commitments to extend credit held by a reporting entity at each reporting date. ASU No. 2016-13 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.

The adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 will require the company to record an estimate of all expected credit losses based on historical experience, current conditions, and a reasonable and supportable forecast. This guidance will replace the company’s current incurred loss model, which uses historical loss experience to estimate credit loss reserves. This ASU is expected to increase the company’s allowance for doubtful accounts as a result of: (i) recording reserves based on historical loss experience; (ii) extending the loss estimate period over the remaining contractual life of the receivable; and (iii) forecasting for future market conditions. Snap-on commenced its assessment of this ASU during the second half of 2018 and developed a comprehensive project plan that included representatives from the company’s business segments. The project plan included analyzing the standard’s potential change on the company’s allowance for doubtful accounts reserves, identifying reporting requirements of the new standard, and identifying changes to the company’s business processes, systems and controls to support the accounting and disclosures under this ASU.

As of December 28, 2019, and subject to the company’s ongoing evaluation of the receivables portfolio, the company has completed its evaluation of the expected impact of adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 and anticipates that the adoption of this standard will result in an increase of the allowance for doubtful accounts for finance, contract and trade receivables of approximately $8 million with an offsetting adjustment, net of taxes, to fiscal 2020 beginning retained earnings. Updates to the allowance for doubtful accounts after initial adoption will be recorded through provision expense. The credit risk of the portfolio and the associated underwriting will not change with the adoption of this ASU.

The Company will adopt ASU No. 2016-13 at the beginning of fiscal 2020 using the modified retrospective approach.

Note 2: Revenue Recognition

Snap-on recognizes revenue from the sale of tools, diagnostic and equipment products and related services based on when control of the product passes to the customer or the service is provided and is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for such goods or services.

Revenue disaggregation

The following table shows the consolidated revenues by revenue source:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Revenue from contracts with customers						$	3,708.3					$	3,719.6
Other revenues						21.7						21.1
Total net sales						3,730.0						3,740.7
Financial services revenue						337.7						329.7
Total revenues						$	4,067.7					$	4,070.4

Snap-on evaluates the performance of its operating segments based on segment revenues, including both external and intersegment net sales, and segment operating earnings. Snap-on accounts for both intersegment sales and transfers based primarily on standard costs with reasonable mark-ups established between the segments. Intersegment amounts are eliminated to arrive at Snap-on’s consolidated financial results.

72			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The following table represents external net sales disaggregated by geography, based on the customers’ billing addresses:

						2019
						Commercial &						Snap-on						Repair Systems
						Industrial						Tools						& Information						Financial												Snap-on
(Amounts in millions)						Group						Group						Group						Services						Eliminations						Incorporated
Net sales:
North America*						$	482.1					$	1,406.1					$	766.4					$	—					$	—					$	2,654.6
Europe						291.7						131.9						241.3						—						—						664.9
All other						264.4						74.9						71.2						—						—						410.5
External net sales						1,038.2						1,612.9						1,078.9						—						—						3,730.0
Intersegment net sales						307.5						—						255.6						—						(563.1)						—
Total net sales						1,345.7						1,612.9						1,334.5						—						(563.1)						3,730.0
Financial services revenue						—						—						—						337.7						—						337.7
Total revenue						$	1,345.7					$	1,612.9					$	1,334.5					$	337.7					$	(563.1)					$	4,067.7

						2018
						Commercial &						Snap-on						Repair Systems
						Industrial						Tools						& Information						Financial												Snap-on
(Amounts in millions)						Group						Group						Group						Services						Eliminations						Incorporated
Net sales:
North America*						$	466.5					$	1,378.7					$	747.1					$	—					$	—					$	2,592.3
Europe						311.9						151.3						255.2						—						—						718.4
All other						273.2						83.8						73.0						—						—						430.0
External net sales						1,051.6						1,613.8						1,075.3						—						—						3,740.7
Intersegment net sales						291.7						—						259.1						—						(550.8)						—
Total net sales						1,343.3						1,613.8						1,334.4						—						(550.8)						3,740.7
Financial services revenue						—						—						—						329.7						—						329.7
Total revenue						$	1,343.3					$	1,613.8					$	1,334.4					$	329.7					$	(550.8)					$	4,070.4

• North America is comprised of the United States, Canada and Mexico.

The following table represents external net sales disaggregated by customer type:

						2019
						Commercial &						Snap-on						Repair Systems
						Industrial						Tools						& Information						Financial												Snap-on
(Amounts in millions)						Group						Group						Group						Services						Eliminations						Incorporated
Net sales:
Vehicle service professionals						$	85.5					$	1,612.9					$	1,078.9					$	—					$	—					$	2,777.3
All other professionals						952.7						—						—						—						—						952.7
External net sales						1,038.2						1,612.9						1,078.9						—						—						3,730.0
Intersegment net sales						307.5						—						255.6						—						(563.1)						—
Total net sales						1,345.7						1,612.9						1,334.5						—						(563.1)						3,730.0
Financial services revenue						—						—						—						337.7						—						337.7
Total revenue						$	1,345.7					$	1,612.9					$	1,334.5					$	337.7					$	(563.1)					$	4,067.7

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			73

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

						2018
						Commercial &						Snap-on						Repair Systems
						Industrial						Tools						& Information						Financial												Snap-on
(Amounts in millions)						Group						Group						Group						Services						Eliminations						Incorporated
Net sales:
Vehicle service professionals						$	91.1					$	1,613.8					$	1,075.3					$	—					$	—					$	2,780.2
All other professionals						960.5						—						—						—						—						960.5
External net sales						1,051.6						1,613.8						1,075.3						—						—						3,740.7
Intersegment net sales						291.7						—						259.1						—						(550.8)						—
Total net sales						1,343.3						1,613.8						1,334.4						—						(550.8)						3,740.7
Financial services revenue						—						—						—						329.7						—						329.7
Total revenue						$	1,343.3					$	1,613.8					$	1,334.4					$	329.7					$	(550.8)					$	4,070.4

Nature of goods and services: Snap-on derives net sales from a broad line of products and complementary services that are grouped into three categories: (i) tools; (ii) diagnostics, information and management systems; and (iii) equipment. The tools product category includes hand tools, power tools, tool storage products and other similar products. The diagnostics, information and management systems product category includes handheld and PC-based diagnostic products, service and repair information products, diagnostic software solutions, electronic parts catalogs, business management systems and services, point-of-sale systems, integrated systems for vehicle service shops, original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) purchasing facilitation services, and warranty management systems and analytics to help OEM dealership service and repair shops (“OEM dealerships”) manage and track performance. The equipment product category includes solutions for the service of vehicles and industrial equipment. Snap-on supports the sale of its diagnostics and vehicle service shop equipment by offering training programs as well as after-sales support to its customers. Through its financial services businesses, Snap-on also derives revenue from various financing programs designed to facilitate the sales of its products and support its franchise business.

Approximately 90% of Snap-on’s net sales are products sold at a point in time through ship-and-bill performance obligations that also includes repair services. The remaining sales revenue is earned over time primarily on a subscription basis including software, extended warranty and other subscription service agreements.

Snap-on enters into contracts related to the selling of tools, diagnostic and repair information and equipment products and related services. At contract inception, an assessment of the goods and services promised in the contracts with customers is performed and a performance obligation is identified for each distinct promise to transfer to the customer a good or service (or bundle of goods or services). To identify the performance obligations, Snap-on considers all of the goods or services promised in the contract regardless of whether they are explicitly stated or are implied by customary business practices. Contracts with customers are comprised of customer purchase orders, invoices and written contracts.

When performance obligations are satisfied: For performance obligations related to the majority of ship-and-bill products, including repair services contracts, control transfers at a point in time when title transfers upon shipment of the product to the customer, and for some sales, control transfers when title is transferred at time of receipt by customer. Once a product or repaired product has shipped or has been delivered, the customer is able to direct the use of, and obtain substantially all of the remaining benefits from the asset, revenue is recognized. Snap-on considers control to have transferred upon shipment or delivery when Snap-on has a present right to payment, the customer has legal title to the asset, Snap-on has transferred physical possession of the asset, and the customer has significant risk and rewards of ownership of the asset.

For performance obligations related to software subscriptions, extended warranties and other subscription agreements, Snap-on transfers control and recognizes revenue over time on a ratable basis using a time-based output method. The performance obligations are typically satisfied as services are rendered on a straight-line basis over the contract term, which is generally for 12 months but can be for a term up to 60 months.

Significant payment terms: For ship-and-bill type contracts with customers, the contract states the final terms of the sale, including the description, quantity, and price of each product or service purchased. Payment terms are typically due upon delivery or up to 30 days after delivery but can range up to 120 days after delivery.

74			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

For subscription contracts, payment terms are in advance or in arrears of services on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis over the contract term, which is generally for 12 months but can be for a term up to 60 months depending on the product or service. The customer typically agrees to a stated rate and price in the contract that does not vary over the contract term. In some cases, customers prepay for their licenses, or in other cases, pay on a monthly or quarterly basis. When the timing of the payment made by the customer precedes the delivery of the performance obligation, a contract liability is recognized.

Variable consideration: In some cases, the nature of Snap-on’s contracts give rise to variable consideration, including rebates, credits, allowances for returns or other similar items that generally decrease the transaction price. These variable amounts generally are credited to the customer, based on achieving certain levels of sales activity, product returns and making payments within specific terms.

In the normal course of business, Snap-on allows franchisees to return product per the provisions in the franchise agreement that allow for the return of product in a saleable condition. For other customers, product returns are generally not accepted unless the item is defective as manufactured. Where applicable, Snap-on establishes provisions for estimated sales returns. Estimated product returns are recorded as a reduction in reported revenues at the time of sale based upon historical product return experience and is adjusted for known trends to arrive at the amount of consideration to which Snap-on expects to receive. Variable consideration is estimated at the most likely amount that is expected to be earned. Estimated amounts are included in the transaction price to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is resolved. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available.

Warranties: Snap-on allows customers to return product when the product is defective as manufactured. Where applicable, Snap-on establishes provisions for estimated warranties. Estimated product warranties are provided for specific product lines and Snap-on accrues for estimated future warranty cost in the period in which the sale is recorded. The costs are included in “Cost of goods sold” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Snap-on calculates its accrual requirements based on historic warranty loss experience that is periodically adjusted for recent actual experience, including the timing of claims during the warranty period and actual costs incurred. Snap-on does not typically provide customers with the right to a refund.

Practical expedients and exemptions of ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)****: Snap-on typically expenses incremental direct costs of obtaining a contract (sales commissions) when incurred because the amortization period is generally 12 months or less. Capitalized long-term contract costs are not significant. Contract costs are expensed or amortized in “Operating expenses” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Snap-on elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after control of the related good transfers to the customer as fulfillment activities and are therefore recognized upon shipment of the goods.

Snap-on has applied the portfolio approach to its ship-and-bill contracts that have similar characteristics as it reasonably expects

that the effects on the financial statements of applying this guidance to the portfolio of contracts would not differ materially from applying this guidance to the individual contracts within the portfolio.

Snap-on typically excludes from its sales transaction price any amounts collected from customers for sales (and similar) taxes.

For certain performance obligations related to software subscriptions, extended warranty and other subscription agreements that are settled over time, Snap-on has elected not to disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for: (i) contracts that have an original expected length of one year or less; (ii) contracts where revenue is recognized as invoiced; and (iii) contracts with variable consideration related to unsatisfied performance obligations. The remaining duration of these unsatisfied performance obligations generally range from one month up to 60 months. Snap-on had approximately $235 million of long-term contracts that have fixed consideration that extends beyond one year as of December 28, 2019. Snap-on expects to recognize approximately 70% of these contracts as revenue by the end of fiscal 2021, an additional 25% by the end of fiscal 2023 and the balance thereafter.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			75

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Contract liabilities (Deferred revenues): Contract liabilities are recorded when cash payments are received in advance of Snap-on’s performance. The timing of payment is typically on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis. The balance of total contract liabilities was $65.1 million and $63.8 million at December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018, respectively. The current portion of contract liabilities and the non-current portion are included in “Other accrued liabilities” and “Other long-term liabilities”, respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. In 2019, Snap-on recognized revenue of $46.2 million that was included in the contract liability balance as of December 29, 2018, which was primarily from the amortization of software subscriptions, extended warranties and other subscription agreements. The increase in the total contract liabilities balance is primarily driven by the timing of cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying Snap-on’s performance obligations and growth in certain software subscriptions, partially offset by revenues recognized that were included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the year.

Franchise fee revenue, including nominal, non-refundable initial fees, is recognized upon the granting of a franchise, which is when the company has performed substantially all initial services required by the franchise agreement. Franchise fee revenue also includes ongoing monthly fees (primarily for sales and business training as well as marketing and product promotion programs) that are recognized as the fees are earned. Franchise fee revenue in 2019, 2018 and 2017 totaled $15.4 million, $16.2 million and $15.2 million, respectively.

Revenue recognition prior to 2018: Revenue recognition prior to 2018, as presented, is based on Revenue Recognition (Topic 605). Snap-on recognized revenue from the sale of tools and diagnostic and equipment products when contract terms were met, the price was fixed or determinable, collectability was reasonably assured and a product was shipped or risk of ownership had been transferred to and accepted by the customer. For sales contingent upon customer acceptance, revenue recognition was deferred until such obligations were fulfilled. Estimated product returns were recorded as a reduction in reported revenues at the time of sale based upon historical product return experience and gross profit margin was adjusted for known trends. Provisions for customer volume rebates, discounts and allowances were also recorded as a reduction in reported revenues at the time of sale based on historical experience and known trends. Revenue related to extended warranty and subscription agreements was recognized over the terms of the respective agreements.

Snap-on also recognized revenue related to multiple element arrangements, including sales of hardware, software and software-related services. When a sales arrangement contained multiple elements, such as hardware and software products and/or services, Snap-on used the relative selling price method to allocate revenues between hardware and software elements. For software elements that were not essential to the hardware’s functionality and related software post-contract customer support, vendor specific objective evidence (“VSOE”) of fair value was used to further allocate revenue to each element based on its relative fair value and, when necessary, the residual method was used to assign value to the delivered elements when VSOE only existed for the undelivered elements. The amount assigned to the products or services was recognized when the product was delivered and/or when the services were performed. In instances where the product and/or services were performed over an extended period, as is the case with subscription agreements or the providing of ongoing support, revenue was generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement, which generally ranged from 12 months to 60 months.

Note 3: Acquisitions

On August 7, 2019, Snap-on acquired Cognitran Limited (“Cognitran”) for a preliminary cash purchase price of $30.4 million (or $29.4 million, net of cash acquired). The preliminary purchase price is subject to change based upon finalization of a working capital adjustment that is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2020. Cognitran, based in Chelmsford, U.K., specializes in flexible, modular and highly scalable “Software as a Service” (SaaS) products for OEM customers and their dealers, focused on the creation and delivery of service, diagnostics, parts and repair information to the OEM dealers and connected vehicle platforms.

As of December 28, 2019, the company recorded, on a preliminary basis, the $11.4 million excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The company anticipates completing the purchase accounting for the acquired net assets of Cognitran in the first half of 2020.

On April 2, 2019, Snap-on acquired Power Hawk Technologies, Inc. (“Power Hawk”) for a cash purchase price of $7.9 million. Power Hawk, based in Rockaway, New Jersey, designs, manufactures and distributes rescue tools and related equipment for a variety of military, governmental, fire and rescue, and emergency operations.

In fiscal 2019, the company completed the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets of Power Hawk. The $6.4 million excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

76			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

On January 25, 2019, Snap-on acquired substantially all of the assets of TMB GeoMarketing Limited (“TMB”) for a cash purchase price of $1.3 million. TMB, based in Dorking, U.K., designs planning software used by OEMs to optimize dealer locations and manage the performance of dealer outlets.

In fiscal 2019, the company completed the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets of TMB. Substantially all of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On January 31, 2018, Snap-on acquired substantially all of the assets of George A. Sturdevant, Inc. (d/b/a Fastorq) for a cash purchase price of $3.0 million. Fastorq, based in New Caney, Texas, designs, assembles and distributes hydraulic torque and hydraulic tensioning products for use in critical industries.

In fiscal 2018, the company completed the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets of Fastorq. The $2.6 million excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On July 28, 2017, Snap-on acquired Torque Control Specialists Pty Ltd (“TCS”) for a cash purchase price of $3.6 million (or $3.5 million, net of cash acquired). TCS, based in Adelaide, Australia, distributes a full range of torque products, including wrenches, multipliers and calibrators, for use in critical industries.

In fiscal 2018, the company completed the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets of TCS. The $2.0 million excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On May 4, 2017, Snap-on acquired Norbar Torque Tools Holdings Limited, along with its U.S. and Chinese joint ventures (“Norbar”), for a cash purchase price of $71.6 million (or $69.9 million, net of cash acquired). Norbar, based in Banbury, U.K., designs and manufactures a full range of torque products, including wrenches, multipliers and calibrators for use in critical industries.

In fiscal 2018, the company completed the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets of Norbar, including intangible assets. The $25.1 million excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On January 30, 2017, Snap-on acquired BTC Global Limited (“BTC”) for a cash purchase price of $9.2 million. BTC, based in Crewe, U.K., designs and implements automotive vehicle inspection and management software for OEM franchise repair shops.

In fiscal 2017, the company completed the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets of BTC, including intangible assets. The $5.9 million excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired was recorded in “Goodwill” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

For segment reporting purposes, the results of operations and assets of Cognitran, TMB, and BTC have been included in the Repair Systems & Information Group since the respective acquisition dates, and the results of operations and assets of Power Hawk, Fastorq, TCS and Norbar have been included in the Commercial & Industrial Group since the respective acquisition dates.

Pro forma financial information has not been presented for any of these acquisitions as the net effects, individually and collectively, were neither significant nor material to Snap-on’s results of operations or financial position. See Note 7 for further information on goodwill and other intangible assets.

Note 4: Receivables

Trade and Other Accounts Receivable

Snap-on’s trade and other accounts receivable primarily arise from the sale of tools and diagnostic and equipment products to a broad range of industrial and commercial customers and to Snap-on’s independent franchise van channel on a non-extended-term basis with payment terms generally ranging from 30 to 120 days.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			77

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The components of Snap-on’s trade and other accounts receivable as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Trade and other accounts receivable						$	715.5					$	710.1
Allowances for doubtful accounts						(20.9)						(17.5)
Total trade and other accounts receivable – net						$	694.6					$	692.6

Finance and Contract Receivables

Snap-on Credit LLC, the company’s financial services operation in the United States, originates extended-term finance and contract receivables on sales of Snap-on’s products sold through the U.S. franchisee and customer network and to certain other customers of Snap-on; Snap-on’s foreign finance subsidiaries provide similar financing internationally. Interest income on finance and contract receivables is included in “Financial services revenue” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Snap-on’s finance receivables are comprised of extended-term payment contracts to both technicians and independent shop owners (i.e., franchisees’ customers) to enable them to purchase tools and diagnostic and equipment products on an extended-term payment plan, generally with average payment terms of approximately four years. Finance receivables are generally secured by the underlying tools and/or diagnostic or equipment products financed.

Snap-on’s contract receivables, with payment terms of up to 10 years, are comprised of extended-term payment contracts to a broad base of customers worldwide. Contract receivables include extended-term loans to franchisees to meet a number of financing needs, including working capital loans, loans to enable new franchisees to fund the purchase of the franchise or for the expansion of an existing franchise, as well as van leases. Contract receivables also include extended-term loans to shop owners, both independents and national chains, for their purchase of tools and diagnostic and equipment products. Contract receivables are generally secured by the underlying tools and/or diagnostic or equipment products financed and, for loans to franchisees, other franchisee assets.

78			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Prior period information in the tables below has been updated to conform to current year presentation for finance and contract lease receivables. See Notes 1 and 16 for further information on lessor accounting.

The components of Snap-on’s current finance and contract receivables as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Finance installment receivables						$	511.9					$	499.0
Finance lease receivables, net of unearned finance charges of $11.7 million and $11.4 million, respectively						37.9						39.1
Total finance receivables						549.8						538.1
Contract installment receivables						50.8						48.9
Contract lease receivables, net of unearned finance charges of $18.2 million and $18.4 million, respectively						51.4						50.6
Total contract receivables						102.2						99.5
Total						652.0						637.6
Allowances for doubtful accounts:
Finance installment receivables						(19.2)						(19.0)
Finance lease receivables						(0.5)						(0.6)
Total finance allowance for doubtful accounts						(19.7)						(19.6)
Contract installment receivables						(0.5)						(0.4)
Contract lease receivables						(1.0)						(0.8)
Total contract allowance for doubtful accounts						(1.5)						(1.2)
Total allowance for doubtful accounts						(21.2)						(20.8)
Total current finance and contract receivables – net						$	630.8					$	616.8
Finance receivables – net						$	530.1					$	518.5
Contract receivables – net						100.7						98.3
Total current finance and contract receivables – net						$	630.8					$	616.8

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			79

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The components of Snap-on’s finance and contract receivables with payment terms beyond one year as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Finance installment receivables						$	1,106.0					$	1,080.1
Finance lease receivables, net of unearned finance charges of $8.2 million and $6.7 million, respectively						39.7						36.1
Total finance receivables						1,145.7						1,116.2
Contract installment receivables						195.5						190.6
Contract lease receivables, net of unearned finance charges of $29.4 million and $27.8 million, respectively						168.7						157.4
Total contract receivables						364.2						348.0
Total						1,509.9						1,464.2
Allowances for doubtful accounts:
Finance installment receivables						(41.6)						(41.3)
Finance lease receivables						(0.6)						(0.5)
Total finance allowance for doubtful accounts						(42.2)						(41.8)
Contract installment receivables						(1.8)						(1.5)
Contract lease receivables						(2.3)						(1.6)
Total contract allowance for doubtful accounts						(4.1)						(3.1)
Total allowance for doubtful accounts						(46.3)						(44.9)
Total current finance and contract receivables – net						$	1,463.6					$	1,419.3
Finance receivables – net						$	1,103.5					$	1,074.4
Contract receivables – net						360.1						344.9
Total current finance and contract receivables – net						$	1,463.6					$	1,419.3

Long-term finance and contract receivables installments, net of unearned finance charges, as of 2019 and 2018 year end are scheduled as follows:

						2019																		2018
(Amounts in millions)						Finance Receivables						Contract Receivables						Finance Receivables						Contract Receivables
Due in Months:
13 – 24						$	439.1					$	86.4					$	428.7					$	82.2
25 – 36						352.4						76.9						345.0						72.5
37 – 48						238.0						65.6						232.8						60.5
49 – 60						116.2						51.3						109.7						48.8
Thereafter						—						84.0						—						84.0
Total						$	1,145.7					$	364.2					$	1,116.2					$	348.0

Delinquency is the primary indicator of credit quality for finance and contract receivables. The entire receivable balance of a contract is considered delinquent when contractual payments become 30 days past due. Depending on the contract, payments for finance and contract receivables are due on a monthly or weekly basis. Weekly payments are converted into a monthly equivalent for purposes of calculating delinquency. Delinquencies are assessed at the end of each month following the monthly equivalent due date. Removal from delinquent status occurs when the cumulative number and amount of monthly equivalent payments due has been received by the company.

80			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Finance receivables are generally placed on nonaccrual status (nonaccrual of interest and other fees): (i) when a customer is placed on repossession status; (ii) upon receipt of notification of bankruptcy; (iii) upon notification of the death of a customer; or (iv) in other instances in which management concludes collectability is not reasonably assured. Finance receivables that are considered nonperforming include receivables that are on nonaccrual status and receivables that are generally more than 90 days past due.

Contract receivables are generally placed on nonaccrual status: (i) when a receivable is more than 90 days past due or at the point a customer’s account is placed on terminated status regardless of its delinquency status; (ii) upon notification of the death of a customer; or (iii) in other instances in which management concludes collectability is not reasonably assured. Contract receivables that are considered nonperforming include receivables that are on nonaccrual status and receivables that are generally more than 90 days past due.

The accrual of interest and other fees is resumed when the finance or contract receivable becomes contractually current and collection of all remaining contractual amounts due is reasonably assured. Finance and contract receivables are evaluated for impairment on a collective basis. A receivable is impaired when it is probable that all amounts related to the receivable will not be collected according to the contractual terms of the applicable agreement. Impaired finance and contract receivables are covered by the company’s respective allowances for doubtful accounts and are charged-off against the allowances when appropriate. As of 2019 and 2018 year end, there were $29.4 million and $27.9 million, respectively, of impaired finance receivables, and there were $2.7 million and $6.0 million, respectively, of impaired contract receivables.

It is the general practice of Snap-on’s financial services business to not engage in contract or loan modifications. In limited instances, Snap-on’s financial services business may modify certain impaired receivables in troubled debt restructurings. The amount and number of restructured finance and contract receivables as of 2019 and 2018 year end were immaterial to both the financial services portfolio and the company’s results of operations and financial position.

The aging of finance and contract receivables as of 2019 and 2018 year end is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						30-59 Days Past Due						60-90 Days Past Due						Greater Than 90 Days Past Due						Total Past Due						Total Not Past Due						Total						Greater Than 90 Days Past Due and Accruing
2019 year end:
Finance receivables						$	19.7					$	12.0					$	21.4					$	53.1					$	1,642.4					$	1,695.5					$	17.2
Contract receivables						1.5						0.9						1.5						3.9						462.5						466.4						0.5
2018 year end:
Finance receivables						$	19.4					$	12.1					$	20.3					$	51.8					$	1,602.5					$	1,654.3					$	15.9
Contract receivables						1.7						1.2						5.2						8.1						439.4						447.5						0.2

The amount of performing and nonperforming finance and contract receivables based on payment activity as of 2019 and 2018 year end is as follows:

						2019																		2018
(Amounts in millions)						Finance Receivables						Contract Receivables						Finance Receivables						Contract Receivables
Performing						$	1,666.1					$	463.7					$	1,626.4					$	441.5
Nonperforming						29.4						2.7						27.9						6.0
Total						$	1,695.5					$	466.4					$	1,654.3					$	447.5

The amount of finance and contract receivables on nonaccrual status as of 2019 and 2018 year end is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Finance receivables						$	12.2					$	12.0
Contract receivables						2.2						5.8

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			81

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following is a rollforward of the allowances for doubtful accounts for finance and contract receivables for 2019 and 2018:

						2019																		2018
(Amounts in millions)						Finance Receivables						Contract Receivables						Finance Receivables						Contract Receivables
Allowances for doubtful accounts:
Beginning of year						$	61.4					$	4.3					$	56.5					$	4.6
Provision						49.9						4.7						57.5						2.0
Charge-offs						(57.1)						(3.9)						(59.4)						(2.5)
Recoveries						7.7						0.5						7.1						0.4
Currency translation						—						—						(0.3)						(0.2)
End of year						$	61.9					$	5.6					$	61.4					$	4.3

The following is a rollforward of the combined allowances for doubtful accounts related to trade and other accounts receivable, as well as finance and contract receivables, for 2019, 2018 and 2017:

(Amounts in millions)						Balance at Beginning of Year						Expenses						Deductions (1)						Balance at End of Year
Allowances for doubtful accounts:
2019						$	83.2					$	68.2					$	(63.0)					$	88.4
2018						75.7						70.3						(62.8)						83.2
2017						66.5						65.1						(55.9)						75.7

(1)			Represents write-offs of bad debts, net of recoveries, and the net impact of currency translation.

Note 5: Inventories

Inventories by major classification as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Finished goods						$	661.0					$	577.0
Work in progress						57.1						51.7
Raw materials						126.8						123.5
Total FIFO value						844.9						752.2
Excess of current cost over LIFO cost						(84.5)						(78.4)
Total inventories – net						$	760.4					$	673.8

Inventories accounted for using the FIFO method approximated 58% and 61% of total inventories as of 2019 and 2018 year end, respectively. The company accounts for its non-U.S. inventory on the FIFO method. As of 2019 year end, approximately 32% of the company’s U.S. inventory was accounted for using the FIFO method and 68% was accounted for using the LIFO method. There were no LIFO inventory liquidations in 2019, 2018 or 2017.

Note 6: Property and Equipment

Property and equipment (which are carried at cost) as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Land						$	31.9					$	31.7
Buildings and improvements						405.1						368.6
Machinery, equipment and computer software						988.0						944.4
Property and equipment – gross						1,425.0						1,344.7
Accumulated depreciation and amortization						(903.5)						(849.6)
Property and equipment – net						$	521.5					$	495.1

82			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The estimated service lives of property and equipment are principally as follows:

Buildings and improvements						3 to 50 years
Machinery, equipment and computer software						2 to 15 years

Depreciation expense was $70.1 million, $68.8 million and $65.6 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Note 7: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						Commercial & Industrial Group						Snap-on Tools Group						Repair Systems & Information Group						Total
Balance as of 2017 year end						$	298.4					$	12.5					$	613.2					$	924.1
Currency translation						(16.3)						—						(9.7)						(26.0)
Acquisitions						4.1						—						—						4.1
Balance as of 2018 year end						$	286.2					$	12.5					$	603.5					$	902.2
Currency translation						(6.4)						—						(1.1)						(7.5)
Acquisitions						6.4						—						12.7						19.1
Balance as of 2019 year end						$	286.2					$	12.5					$	615.1					$	913.8

Goodwill of $913.8 million as of 2019 year end includes: (i) $11.4 million, on a preliminary basis, from the acquisition of Cognitran; (ii) $6.4 million from the acquisition of Power Hawk; and (iii) $1.3 million from the acquisition of TMB. The goodwill from the Cognitran and TMB acquisitions is included in the Repair Systems & Information Group. The goodwill from the Power Hawk acquisition is included in the Commercial & Industrial Group.

Goodwill of $902.2 million as of 2018 year end includes $2.6 million from the acquisition of Fastorq in 2018. During 2018, the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets, including intangible assets, of Norbar and TCS were completed, resulting in an increase in goodwill of $1.4 million for Norbar and $0.1 million for TCS, which were both acquired in 2017. As of 2018 year end goodwill includes $25.1 million from the acquisition of Norbar and $2.0 million from the acquisition of TCS. The goodwill from the Fastorq, Norbar and TCS acquisitions is included in the Commercial & Industrial Group.

See Note 3 for additional information on acquisitions.

Additional disclosures related to other intangible assets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

						2019																		2018
(Amounts in millions)						Gross Carrying Value						Accumulated Amortization						Gross Carrying Value						Accumulated Amortization
Amortized other intangible assets:
Customer relationships						$	182.9					$	(117.9)					$	172.2					$	(107.6)
Developed technology						19.8						(18.9)						18.5						(18.3)
Internally developed software						168.0						(125.4)						156.6						(116.6)
Patents						38.5						(23.7)						35.7						(22.9)
Trademarks						3.5						(2.1)						3.2						(2.0)
Other						7.3						(3.1)						7.3						(2.9)
Total						420.0						(291.1)						393.5						(270.3)
Non-amortized trademarks						115.0						—						109.7						—
Total other intangible assets						$	535.0					$	(291.1)					$	503.2					$	(270.3)

As of year-end 2019, the gross carrying value of customer relationships includes $10.2 million related to the Cognitran acquisition and $0.9 million related to the Power Hawk acquisition. Additionally, the gross carrying value of intangible assets in 2019 includes $6.5 million of non-amortized trademarks and $1.1 million of developed technology as a result of the Cognitran acquisition. There were no acquisitions during 2018 that resulted in the recognition of other intangible assets as of year-end 2018.

			2018 ANNUAL REPORT			83

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Significant and unanticipated changes in circumstances, such as declines in profitability and cash flow due to significant and long-term deterioration in macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, the loss of key customers, changes in technology or markets, significant changes in key personnel or litigation, a significant and sustained decrease in share price and/or other events, including effects from the sale or disposal of a reporting unit, could require a provision for impairment of goodwill and/or other intangible assets in a future period. As of 2019 year end, the company had no accumulated impairment losses.

The weighted-average amortization periods related to other intangible assets are as follows:

						In Years
Customer relationships						15
Developed technology						2
Internally developed software						6
Patents						7
Trademarks						5
Other						39

Snap-on is amortizing its customer relationships on both an accelerated and straight-line basis over a 15 year weighted-average life; the remaining intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis. The weighted-average amortization period for all amortizable intangibles on a combined basis is 12 years.

The company’s customer relationships generally have contractual terms of three to five years and are typically renewed without significant cost to the company. The weighted-average 15 year life for customer relationships is based on the company’s historical renewal experience. Intangible asset renewal costs are expensed as incurred.

The aggregate amortization expense was $22.3 million in 2019, $25.3 million in 2018 and $27.6 million in 2017. Based on current levels of amortizable intangible assets and estimated weighted-average useful lives, estimated annual amortization expense is expected to be $21.4 million in 2020, $18.9 million in 2021, $15.4 million in 2022, $13.2 million in 2023, and $10.6 million in 2024.

Note 8: Income Taxes

The source of earnings before income taxes and equity earnings consisted of the following:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
United States						$	765.3					$	735.4					$	645.5
Foreign						156.8						174.5						176.4
Total						$	922.1					$	909.9					$	821.9

The provision (benefit) for income taxes consisted of the following:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Current:
Federal						$	110.0					$	117.9					$	166.9
Foreign						38.1						52.4						41.1
State						29.5						30.4						30.6
Total current						177.6						200.7						238.6
Deferred:
Federal						26.6						18.7						8.7
Foreign						1.5						(8.4)						2.9
State						6.1						3.4						0.7
Total deferred						34.2						13.7						12.3
Total income tax provision						$	211.8					$	214.4					$	250.9

84			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The following is a reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax rate to Snap-on’s effective tax rate:

						2019						2018						2017
Statutory federal income tax rate						21.0%						21.0%						35.0%
Increase (decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit						2.9						2.9						2.4
Noncontrolling interests						(0.4)						(0.4)						(0.6)
Repatriation of foreign earnings						(0.1)						(0.1)						(1.2)
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets						0.4						0.3						0.1
Adjustments to tax accruals and reserves						(0.4)						(0.2)						(0.3)
Foreign rate differences						0.4						0.4						(2.4)
Domestic production activities deduction						—						—						(2.1)
Excess tax benefits related to equity compensation						(0.5)						(0.8)						(1.4)
U.S. tax reform, net impact						—						0.4						0.9
Other						(0.3)						0.1						0.1
Effective tax rate						23.0%						23.6%						30.5%

Snap-on’s effective income tax rate on earnings attributable to Snap-on Incorporated was 23.4% in 2019, 24.0% in 2018, and 31.1% in 2017. The effective tax rate for 2019 and 2018 reflects the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%; 2018 also included an additional non-recurring net tax charge attributable to the prior year’s U.S. tax reform changes. The effective tax rate for 2017 included a one-time net tax costs associated with the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”), which was signed into law in the fourth quarter of 2017, as well as tax benefits associated with certain legal charges.

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government passed the Tax Act. The Tax Act made broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code, including, but not limited to: (i) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%; (ii) requiring companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries; and (iii) bonus depreciation that allows for full expensing of qualified property.

The Tax Act also established new tax laws that affect years after 2017, including, but not limited to: (i) the reduction of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate discussed above; (ii) a general elimination of U.S. federal income taxes on dividends from foreign subsidiaries; (iii) a new provision designed to tax global intangible low-taxed income (“GILTI”); (iv) the repeal of the domestic production activity deductions; (v) limitations on the deductibility of certain executive compensation; (vi) limitations on the use of foreign tax credits to reduce the U.S. income tax liability; and (vii) a new provision that allows a domestic corporation an immediate deduction for a portion of its foreign derived intangible income (“FDII”).

The Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) 118, which provided guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act, for the company’s year ended December 30, 2017. SAB 118 provided a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the related accounting under ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for a certain income tax effect of the Tax Act is incomplete, but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			85

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The company’s accounting for certain elements of the Tax Act was incomplete as of December 30, 2017. However, the company was able to make reasonable estimates of the effects and, therefore, recorded provisional estimates for these items. In connection with its initial analysis of the impact of the Tax Act, the company recorded a provisional discrete net tax expense of $7.0 million in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. This provisional estimate consisted of a net expense of $13.7 million for the one-time transition tax and a net benefit of $6.7 million related to revaluation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, caused by the new lower corporate tax rate. To determine the transition tax, the company must determine the amount of post-1986 accumulated earnings and profits of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. While the company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the transition tax for 2017, it continued to gather additional information to more precisely compute the final amount reported on its 2017 U.S. federal tax return which was filed in October 2018. The actual transition tax was $8.3 million greater than the company’s initial estimate and was included in income tax expense for 2018. Likewise, while the company was able to make a reasonable estimate of the impact of the reduction to the corporate tax rate, it was affected by other analyses related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences. During 2018, the company recorded additional net tax benefits of $4.4 million attributable to pension contributions made in 2018 that were deductible for 2017 at the higher 35% federal tax rate and other changes to the 2017 tax provision related to the Tax Act and subsequently-issued tax guidance. Due to the complexity of the new GILTI tax rules, the company continued to evaluate this provision of the Tax Act and the application of ASC 740 throughout 2018. Under GAAP, the company is allowed to make an accounting policy choice to either: (i) treat taxes due on future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI as a current-period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”); or (ii) factor in such amounts into a company’s measurement of its deferred taxes (the “deferred method”). The company selected to apply the “period cost method” to account for the new GILTI tax, and treated it as a current-period expense for 2019 and 2018.

Temporary differences that give rise to the net deferred income tax asset as of 2019, 2018 and 2017 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Deferred income tax assets (liabilities):
Inventories						$	34.7					$	33.6					$	28.8
Accruals not currently deductible						62.4						72.9						61.7
Tax credit carryforward						2.0						1.8						2.1
Employee benefits						41.3						56.5						56.8
Net operating losses						40.4						40.9						44.0
Depreciation and amortization						(178.9)						(167.5)						(161.3)
Valuation allowance						(27.8)						(25.1)						(25.2)
Equity-based compensation						16.2						16.6						17.1
Undistributed non-U.S. earnings						(6.6)						(6.0)						—
Cash flow hedge						—						—						(0.3)
Other						(0.7)						(0.4)						(0.1)
Net deferred income tax asset (liability)						$	(17.0)					$	23.3					$	23.6

As of 2019 year end, Snap-on had tax net operating loss carryforwards totaling $209.6 million as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						State						Federal						Foreign						Total
Year of expiration:
2020-2024						$	0.3					$	—					$	59.0					$	59.3
2025-2029						—						—						9.4						9.4
2030-2034						74.4						—						—						74.4
2035-2039						—						—						—						—
2040-2044						—						—						34.1						34.1
Indefinite						—						—						32.4						32.4
Total net operating loss carryforwards						$	74.7					$	—					$	134.9					$	209.6

86			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

A valuation allowance totaling $27.8 million, $25.1 million and $25.2 million as of 2019, 2018 and 2017 year end, respectively, has been established for deferred income tax assets primarily related to certain subsidiary loss carryforwards that may not be realized. Realization of the net deferred income tax assets is dependent on generating sufficient taxable income prior to their expiration. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more-likely-than-not that the net deferred income tax assets will be realized. The amount of the net deferred income tax assets considered realizable, however, could change in the near term if estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward period fluctuate.

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for 2019, 2018 and 2017:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Unrecognized tax benefits at beginning of year						$	11.1					$	7.7					$	9.4
Gross increases – tax positions in prior periods						—						1.3						1.4
Gross decreases – tax positions in prior periods						(0.6)						(0.1)						—
Gross increases – tax positions in the current period						0.5						2.8						1.0
Settlements with taxing authorities						—						—						(3.6)
Lapsing of statutes of limitations						(0.7)						(0.6)						(0.5)
Unrecognized tax benefits at end of year						$	10.3					$	11.1					$	7.7

The unrecognized tax benefits of $10.3 million, $11.1 million and $7.7 million as of 2019, 2018 and 2017 year end, respectively, would impact the effective income tax rate if recognized. As of December 28, 2019, unrecognized tax benefits of $1.2 million and $9.1 million were included in “Deferred income tax assets” and “Other long-term liabilities,” respectively, on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. Interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense. As of 2019, 2018 and 2017 year end, the company had provided for $1.1 million, $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits. During 2019, the company increased the reserve attributable to interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits by a net $0.3 million. As of December 28, 2019, $1.1 million of accrued interest and penalties were included in “Other long-term liabilities” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Snap-on and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the United States and in various state, local and foreign jurisdictions. It is reasonably possible that certain unrecognized tax benefits may either be settled with taxing authorities or the statutes of limitations for such items may lapse within the next 12 months, causing Snap-on’s gross unrecognized tax benefits to decrease by a range of zero to $2.4 million. Over the next 12 months, Snap-on anticipates taking certain tax positions on various tax returns for which the related tax benefit does not meet the recognition threshold. Accordingly, Snap-on’s gross unrecognized tax benefits may increase by a range of zero to $0.9 million over the next 12 months for uncertain tax positions expected to be taken in future tax filings.

With few exceptions, Snap-on is no longer subject to U.S. federal and state/local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2014, and Snap-on is no longer subject to non-U.S. income tax examinations by tax authorities for years prior to 2012.

In general, it is Snap-on’s practice and intention to reinvest certain earnings of its non-U.S. subsidiaries in those operations. As of 2019 year end, the company has not made a provision for incremental U.S. income taxes or additional foreign withholding taxes on approximately $271.8 million of such undistributed earnings that is deemed indefinitely reinvested. Determination of the amount of unrecognized deferred tax liability related to these earnings is not practicable. As a result of the Tax Act, which subjected the majority of the company’s undistributed foreign earnings to taxation for the 2017 tax year, the company can now repatriate non-U.S. cash in a tax efficient manner. Accordingly, the company has reversed its prior assertion concerning the indefinite reinvestment of the majority of its undistributed foreign earnings and has recorded a deferred tax liability of $6.6 million for the incremental tax costs associated with the future potential repatriation of such earnings.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			87

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 9: Short-term and Long-term Debt

Short-term and long-term debt as of 2019 and 2018 year end consisted of the following:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
6.125% unsecured notes due 2021						$	250.0					$	250.0
3.25% unsecured notes due 2027						300.0						300.0
4.10% unsecured notes due 2048						400.0						400.0
Other debt*						199.8						182.3
						1,149.8						1,132.3
Less: notes payable:
Commercial paper borrowings						$	(193.6)					$	(177.1)
Other notes						(9.3)						(9.2)
						(202.9)						(186.3)
Total long-term debt						$	946.9					$	946.0

* Includes the net effects of debt amortization costs and fair value adjustments related to interest rate swaps.

The annual maturities of Snap-on’s long-term debt and notes payable over the next five years are $202.9 million in 2020, $250 million in 2021, and no maturities in 2022, 2023 and 2024.

Average notes payable outstanding, including commercial paper borrowings, were $175.0 million and $167.7 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively. The 2019 year end weighted-average interest rate on such borrowings of 2.87% compared with 2.84% at 2018 year end. Average commercial paper borrowings were $162.2 million and $154.9 million in 2019 and 2018, respectively, and the weighted-average interest rate of 2.27% on such borrowings in 2019 increased from 2.03% last year. At 2019 year end, the weighted-average interest rate on outstanding notes payable of 2.23% compared with 3.21% at 2018 year end. The 2019 year end rate decreased primarily due to lower rates on commercial paper borrowings.

On February 20, 2018, Snap-on commenced a tender offer to repurchase $200 million in principal amount of its unsecured 6.70% notes that were scheduled to mature on March 1, 2019 (the “2019 Notes”), with $26.1 million of the 2019 Notes tendered and repaid on February 27, 2018. On February 20, 2018, Snap-on also issued a notice of redemption for remaining outstanding 2019 Notes not tendered, with the redemption completed on March 22, 2018. The total cash cost for this tender and redemption was $209.1 million, including accrued interest of $1.5 million. Snap-on recorded $7.8 million for the loss on the early extinguishment of debt related to the 2019 Notes, which included the redemption premium and other issuance costs associated with this debt in “Other income (expense) - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statement of Earnings. See Note 17 for additional information on Other income (expense) - net.

On February 20, 2018, Snap-on sold, at a discount, $400 million of unsecured 4.10% long-term notes that mature on March 1, 2048 (the “2048 Notes”). Interest on the 2048 Notes accrues at a rate of 4.10% per year and is payable semi-annually. Snap-on used a portion of the $395.4 million of net proceeds from the sale of the 2048 Notes, reflecting $3.5 million of transaction costs, to repay the 2019 Notes. The remaining net proceeds were used to repay a portion of its then-outstanding commercial paper borrowings and for general corporate purposes.

88			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

On September 16, 2019, Snap-on entered into a five-year, $800 million multi-currency revolving credit facility that terminates on September 16, 2024 (the “Credit Facility”); no amounts were outstanding under the Credit Facility as of December 28, 2019. The Credit Facility amended and restated in its entirety Snap-on’s previous $700 million multi-currency revolving credit facility that was set to terminate on December 15, 2020. Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest at varying rates based on either: (i) Snap-on’s then-current, long-term debt ratings; or (ii) Snap-on’s then-current ratio of consolidated debt net of certain cash adjustments (“Consolidated Net Debt”) to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and certain other adjustments for the preceding four fiscal quarters then ended (the “Consolidated Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio”). The Credit Facility’s financial covenant requires that Snap-on maintain, as of each fiscal quarter end, either: (i) a ratio not greater than 0.60 to 1.00 of Consolidated Net Debt to the sum of Consolidated Net Debt plus total equity and less accumulated other comprehensive income or loss (the “Leverage Ratio”); or (ii) a Consolidated Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio not greater than 3.50 to 1.00. Snap-on may, up to two times during any five-year period during the term of the Credit Facility (including any extensions thereof), elect to increase the maximum Leverage Ratio to 0.65 to 1.00 and/or increase the maximum Consolidated Net Debt to EBITDA Ratio to 4.00 to 1.00 for four consecutive fiscal quarters in connection with certain material acquisitions (as defined in the related credit agreement). As of December 28, 2019, the company’s actual ratios of 0.20 and 0.92 respectively, were both within the permitted ranges set forth in this financial covenant. Snap-on generally issues commercial paper to fund its financing needs on a short-term basis and uses the Credit Facility as back-up liquidity to support such commercial paper issuances.

Note 10: Financial Instruments

Derivatives: All derivative instruments are reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded each period in earnings or on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, depending on whether the derivative is designated and effective as part of a hedged transaction. Gains or losses on derivative instruments recorded in earnings are presented in the same Consolidated Statement of Earnings line that is used to present the earnings effect of the hedged item. Gains or losses on derivative instruments in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“Accumulated OCI”) are reclassified to earnings in the period in which earnings are affected by the underlying hedged item.

The criteria used to determine if hedge accounting treatment is appropriate are: (i) the designation of the hedge to an underlying exposure; (ii) whether or not overall risk is being reduced; and (iii) if there is a correlation between the value of the derivative instrument and the underlying hedged item. Once a derivative contract is entered into, Snap-on designates the derivative as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation, or a natural hedging instrument whose change in fair value is recognized as an economic hedge against changes in the value of the hedged item. Snap-on does not use derivative instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

The company is exposed to global market risks, including the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and the company’s stock price, and therefore uses derivatives to manage financial exposures that occur in the normal course of business. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency risk, interest rate risk and stock-based deferred compensation risk.

Foreign currency risk management: Snap-on has significant international operations and is subject to certain risks inherent with foreign operations that include currency fluctuations. Foreign currency exchange risk exists to the extent that Snap-on has payment obligations or receipts denominated in currencies other than the functional currency, including intercompany loans denominated in foreign currencies. To manage these exposures, Snap-on identifies naturally offsetting positions and then purchases hedging instruments to protect the residual net exposures. Snap-on manages most of these exposures on a consolidated basis, which allows for netting of certain exposures to take advantage of natural offsets. Foreign currency forward contracts (“foreign currency forwards”) are used to hedge the net exposures. Gains or losses on net foreign currency hedges are intended to offset losses or gains on the underlying net exposures in an effort to reduce the earnings volatility resulting from fluctuating foreign currency exchange rates. Snap-on’s foreign currency forwards are typically not designated as hedges. The fair value changes of these contracts are reported in earnings as foreign exchange gain or loss, which is included in “Other income (expense) - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. See Note 17 for additional information on Other income (expense) - net.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			89

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

As of 2019 year end, Snap-on had $33.2 million of net foreign currency forward buy contracts outstanding comprised of buy contracts including $41.4 million in euros, $34.5 million in Swedish kronor, $17.4 million in Hong Kong dollars, $13.1 million in Chinese renminbi, $13.0 million in Singapore dollars, $6.0 million in Norwegian kroner, and $7.0 million in other currencies, and sell contracts comprised of $52.9 million in British pounds, $17.5 million in Canadian dollars, $10.0 million in Indian rupees, $9.6 million in Japanese yen, and $9.2 million in other currencies. As of 2018 year end, Snap-on had $26.3 million of net foreign currency forward buy contracts outstanding comprised of buy contracts including $26.7 million in euros, $23.6 million in Swedish kronor, $21.0 million in Hong Kong dollars, $10.2 million in Chinese renminbi, $8.6 million in Singapore dollars, $7.0 million in South Korean won, $6.3 million in Norwegian kroner, and $5.1 million in other currencies, and sell contracts comprised of $37.4 million in British pounds, $14.6 million in Canadian dollars, $11.0 million in Japanese yen, $8.2 million in Indian rupees, $4.1 million in Australian dollars, $3.1 million in Thai baht, and $3.8 million in other currencies.

Interest rate risk management: Snap-on aims to control funding costs by managing the exposure created by the differing maturities and interest rate structures of Snap-on’s borrowings through the use of interest rate swap agreements (“interest rate swaps”) and treasury lock agreements (“treasury locks”).

Interest rate swaps: Snap-on enters into interest rate swaps to manage risks associated with changing interest rates related to the company’s fixed rate borrowings. Interest rate swaps are accounted for as fair value hedges. The differentials paid or received on interest rate swaps are recognized as adjustments to “Interest expense” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The change in fair value of the designated and qualifying derivative is recorded in “Long-term debt” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The notional amount of interest rate swaps outstanding and designated as fair value hedges was $100 million as of both 2019 and 2018 year end.

Consolidated Balance Sheets Line Item Where Hedge Item is Recorded												Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)																		Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
									(in millions)																		(in millions)
												2019						2018						2019						2018
Long-term debt (1)												($255.0)						($254.6)						($5.0)						($4.6)
(1)			The interest rate swap transacted in March 2010 was designated as a hedge of the first $100 million issuance of the $250 million, 6.125% unsecured notes due in 2021.

Treasury locks: Snap-on uses treasury locks to manage the potential change in interest rates in anticipation of the issuance of fixed rate debt. Treasury locks are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The differentials to be paid or received on treasury locks related to the anticipated issuance of fixed rate debt are initially recorded in Accumulated OCI for derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. Upon the issuance of debt, the related amount in Accumulated OCI is released over the term of the debt and recognized as an adjustment to interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Snap-on entered into a $300 million treasury lock in the fourth quarter of 2017 to manage changes in interest rates in anticipation of the issuance of fixed rate debt in the first quarter of 2018. In the first quarter of 2018, Snap-on settled the outstanding $300 million treasury lock after it was deemed to be an ineffective hedge related to the 2048 Notes, which were issued in February 2018. The $13.3 million gain on the settlement of the treasury lock was recorded in “Other income (expense) - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. There were no treasury locks outstanding as of both December 28, 2019 and December 29, 2018. See Note 17 for additional information on Other income (expense) - net.

Stock-based deferred compensation risk management: Snap-on aims to manage market risk associated with the stock-based portion of its deferred compensation plans through the use of prepaid equity forward agreements (“equity forwards”). Equity forwards are used to aid in offsetting the potential mark-to-market effect on stock-based deferred compensation from changes in Snap-on’s stock price. Since stock-based deferred compensation liabilities increase as the company’s stock price rises and decrease as the company’s stock price declines, the equity forwards are intended to mitigate the potential impact on deferred compensation expense that may result from such mark-to-market changes. As of 2019 and 2018 year end, Snap-on had equity forwards in place intended to manage market risk with respect to 89,600 shares and 99,100 shares, respectively, of Snap-on common stock associated with its deferred compensation plans.

90			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Counterparty risk: Snap-on is exposed to credit losses in the event of non-performance by the counterparties to its various financial agreements, including its foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap agreements, treasury lock agreements and prepaid equity forward agreements. Snap-on does not obtain collateral or other security to support financial instruments subject to credit risk, but monitors the credit standing of the counterparties and generally enters into agreements with financial institution counterparties with a credit rating of A- or better. Snap-on does not anticipate non-performance by its counterparties, but cannot provide assurances.

Fair value measurements: The fair value measurement hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority (“Level 1”) to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority (“Level 3”) to unobservable inputs. Fair value measurements primarily based on observable market information are given a “Level 2” priority.

Snap-on has derivative assets and liabilities related to interest rate swaps, treasury locks, foreign currency forwards and equity forwards that are measured at Level 2 fair value on a recurring basis. The fair values of derivative instruments included within the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

												2019																		2018
(Amounts in millions)						Balance Sheet Presentation						Derivative Assets Fair Value						Derivative Liability Fair Value						Derivative Assets Fair Value						Derivative Liability Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swaps						Other assets						$	5.0					$	—					$	4.6					$	—
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Foreign currency forwards						Prepaid expenses and other assets						$	3.5					$	—					$	2.8					$	—
Foreign currency forwards						Other accrued liabilities						—						4.6						—						3.2
Equity forwards						Prepaid expenses and other assets						15.2						—						14.3						—
												18.7						4.6						17.1						3.2
Total derivative instruments												$	23.7					$	4.6					$	21.7					$	3.2

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between participants at the measurement date. Level 2 fair value measurements for derivative assets and liabilities are measured using quoted prices in active markets for similar assets and liabilities. Interest rate swaps are valued based on the six-month LIBOR swap rate for similar instruments. Foreign currency forwards are valued based on exchange rates quoted by domestic and foreign banks for similar instruments. Equity forwards are valued using a market approach based primarily on the company’s stock price at the reporting date. The company did not have any derivative assets or liabilities measured at Level 1 or Level 3, nor did it implement any changes in its valuation techniques as of and for its 2019 and 2018 years ended.

The effect of derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges as included in the Accumulated OCI on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is as follows:

						Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income on Derivative
(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Derivatives in Hedging Relationships
Treasury locks						$	—					$	(0.8)					$	6.9

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			91

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The effect of derivative instruments designated as fair value and cash flow hedges as included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings is as follows:

						Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Fair Value and Cash Flow Hedging Relationships
						2019																		2018																		2017
(Amounts in millions)						Interest expense						Other income (expense) - net						Interest expense						Other income (expense) - net						Interest expense						Other income (expense) - net
Total amounts of income and expense presented in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings						$	(49.0)					$	8.8					$	(50.4)					$	4.2					$	(52.4)					$	(7.8)
Gain (loss) on fair value hedging relationships
Interest rate swaps
Long-term debt						$	(15.4)					$	—					$	(15.4)					$	—					$	(15.4)					$	—
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments						2.0						—						1.5						—						2.8						—
Gain (loss) on cash flow hedging relationships
Treasury locks
Gain reclassified from accumulated OCI into income						$	1.5					$	—					$	1.5					$	—					$	1.6					$	—
Gain on settlement						—						—						—						13.3						—						—

As of 2019 year end, the maximum maturity date of any fair value hedge was two years. During the next 12 months, Snap-on expects to reclassify into earnings net gains from Accumulated OCI of approximately $1.1 million after tax at the time the underlying hedge transactions are realized.

The effects of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments as included in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings are as follows:

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments						Statement of Earnings Presentation						Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Derivatives
(Amounts in millions)												2019						2018						2017
Gain (loss) on derivative relationships
Foreign currency forwards						Other income (expense) – net						$	(20.0)					$	(40.4)					$	(25.8)
Net exposures						Other income (expense) – net						16.4						36.5						18.8
Equity forwards						Operating expenses						$	3.0					$	(2.1)					$	0.9
Stock-based deferred compensation liabilities						Operating expenses						(3.0)						2.0						(0.8)

Snap-on’s foreign currency forwards are typically not designated as hedges for financial reporting purposes. The fair value changes of foreign currency forwards not designated as hedging instruments are reported in earnings as foreign exchange gain or loss in “Other income (expense) – net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. See Note 17 for additional information on “Other income (expense) – net.”

Snap-on’s equity forwards are not designated as hedges for financial reporting purposes. Fair value changes of both the equity forwards and related stock-based (mark-to-market) deferred compensation liabilities are reported in “Operating expenses” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

92			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Fair value of financial instruments: The fair values of financial instruments that do not approximate the carrying values in the financial statements as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

						2019																		2018
(Amounts in millions)						Carrying Value						Fair Value						Carrying Value						Fair Value
Finance receivables – net						$	1,633.6					$	1,920.6					$	1,592.9					$	1,845.4
Contract receivables – net						460.8						505.5						443.2						481.2
Long-term debt and notes payable						1,149.8						1,238.8						1,132.3						1,136.0

The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating the fair value of financial instruments:

• Finance and contract receivables include both short-term and long-term receivables. The fair value estimates of finance and contract receivables are derived utilizing discounted cash flow analyses performed on groupings of receivables that are similar in terms of loan type and characteristics. The cash flow analyses consider recent prepayment trends where applicable. The cash flows are discounted over the average life of the receivables using a current market discount rate of a similar term adjusted for credit quality. Significant inputs to the fair value measurements of the receivables are unobservable and, as such, are classified as Level 3.

• Fair value of long-term debt was estimated, using Level 2 fair value measurements, based on quoted market values of Snap-on’s publicly traded senior debt. The carrying value of long-term debt includes adjustments related to fair value hedges. The fair value of notes payable approximates such instruments’ carrying value due to their short-term nature.

• The fair value of all other financial instruments, including trade and other accounts receivable, accounts payable and other financial instruments, approximates such instruments’ carrying value due to their short-term nature.

Note 11: Pension Plans

Snap-on has several non-contributory defined benefit pension plans covering most U.S. employees and certain employees in foreign countries. Snap-on also has foreign contributory defined benefit pension plans covering certain foreign employees. Retirement benefits are generally provided based on employees’ years of service and average earnings or stated amounts for years of service. Normal retirement age is 65, with provisions for earlier retirement.

The status of Snap-on’s pension plans as of 2019 and 2018 year end is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Change in projected benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year						$	1,386.9					$	1,467.6
Service cost						23.5						25.1
Interest cost						56.4						52.8
Plan participant contributions						0.5						0.5
Plan amendments						—						1.0
Benefits paid						(73.0)						(68.5)
Actuarial (gain) loss						169.5						(77.9)
Foreign currency impact						1.8						(13.7)
Benefit obligation at end of year						$	1,565.6					$	1,386.9

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			93

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year						$	1,215.6					$	1,305.0
Actual (loss) gain on plan assets						258.7						(72.8)
Employer contributions						50.8						61.3
Plan participant contributions						0.4						0.5
Benefits paid						(73.0)						(68.5)
Foreign currency impact						3.0						(9.9)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year						$	1,455.5					$	1,215.6
Unfunded status at end of year						$	(110.1)					$	(171.3)

The increase in the defined benefit pension plans benefit obligations in 2019 was primarily due to a decrease in the discount rate in 2019 as compared to 2018.

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Other assets						$	17.3					$	4.3
Accrued benefits						(5.3)						(4.3)
Pension liabilities						(122.1)						(171.3)
Net liability						$	(110.1)					$	(171.3)

Amounts included in Accumulated OCI on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Net loss, net of tax of $104.8 million and $158.8 million, respectively						$	(333.8)					$	(301.9)
Prior service cost, net of tax of ($0.1) million and $0.4 million, respectively						(0.6)						(0.2)
Total amount included in Accumulated OCI						$	(334.4)					$	(302.1)

The accumulated benefit obligation for Snap-on’s pension plans as of 2019 and 2018 year end was $1,478.0 million and $1,316.1 million, respectively.

The projected benefit obligation, accumulated benefit obligation and fair value of plan assets for Snap-on’s pension plans as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets:
Accumulated benefit obligation						$	231.0					$	1,028.6
Fair value of plan assets						126.5						916.2
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plans assets:
Projected benefit obligation						$	1,336.9					$	1,183.2
Fair value of plan assets						1,209.5						1,007.6

94			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The components of net periodic benefit cost and changes recognized in “Other comprehensive income (loss)” (“OCI”) are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Net periodic benefit cost:
Service cost						$	23.5					$	25.1					$	22.7
Interest cost						56.4						52.8						56.1
Expected return on plan assets						(91.5)						(88.6)						(83.4)
Amortization of unrecognized loss						25.2						32.7						27.9
Amortization of prior service credit						(0.9)						(1.2)						(1.1)
Settlement loss						—						—						0.1
Net periodic benefit cost						$	12.7					$	20.8					$	22.3
Changes in benefit obligations recognized in OCI, net of tax:
Net (gain) loss						$	31.9					$	35.2					$	(30.3)
Prior service cost						0.4						1.7						0.7
Total recognized in OCI						$	32.3					$	36.9					$	(29.6)

The components of net periodic pension cost, other than the service cost component, are included in “Other income (expense) - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. See Note 17 for additional information on Other income (expense) - net.

The worldwide weighted-average assumptions used to determine Snap-on’s full-year pension costs are as follows:

						2019						2018						2017
Discount rate						4.2%						3.7%						4.2%
Expected return on plan assets						7.1%						7.1%						7.2%
Rate of compensation increase						3.4%						3.4%						3.4%

The worldwide weighted-average assumptions used to determine Snap-on’s projected benefit obligation as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

						2019						2018
Discount rate						3.2%						4.4%
Rate of compensation increase						3.4%						3.4%
Interest crediting rate - U.S. cash balance plan						3.8%						3.8%

The objective of Snap-on’s discount rate assumption is to reflect the rate at which the pension benefits could be effectively settled. In making this determination, the company takes into account the timing and amount of benefits that would be available under the plans. The domestic discount rate as of 2019 and 2018 year end was selected based on a cash flow matching methodology developed by the company’s outside actuaries and which incorporates a review of current economic conditions. This methodology matches the plans’ yearly projected cash flows for benefits and service costs to those of hypothetical bond portfolios using high-quality, AA rated or better, corporate bonds from either Moody’s Investors Service or Standard & Poor’s credit rating agencies available at the measurement date. This technique calculates bond portfolios that produce adequate cash flows to pay the plans’ projected yearly benefits and then selects the portfolio with the highest yield and uses that yield as the recommended discount rate.

The weighted-average discount rate for Snap-on’s domestic pension plans of 3.4% represents the single rate that produces the same present value of cash flows as the estimated benefit plan payments. Lowering Snap-on’s domestic discount rate assumption by 50 basis points (100 basis points (“bps”) equals 1.0 percent) would have increased Snap-on’s 2019 domestic pension expense and projected benefit obligation by approximately $4.3 million and $74.2 million, respectively. As of 2019 year end, Snap-on’s domestic projected benefit obligation comprised approximately 83% of Snap-on’s worldwide projected benefit obligation. The weighted-average discount rate for Snap-on’s foreign pension plans of 2.1% represents the single rate that produces the same present value of cash flows as the estimated benefit plan payments. Lowering Snap-on’s foreign discount rate assumption by 50 bps would have increased Snap-on’s 2019 foreign pension expense and projected benefit obligation by approximately $1.6 million and $26.8 million, respectively.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			95

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Actuarial gains and losses in excess of 10 percent of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or market-related value of assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the average remaining service period of active participants or over the average remaining life expectancy for plans with primarily inactive participants. Prior service costs and credits resulting from plan amendments are amortized in equal annual amounts over the average remaining service period of active participants or over the average remaining life expectancy for plans with primarily inactive participants.

As a practical expedient, Snap-on uses the calendar year end as the measurement date for its plans. Snap-on funds its pension plans as required by governmental regulation and may consider discretionary contributions as conditions warrant. Snap-on intends to make contributions of $8.7 million to its foreign pension plans and $2.9 million to its domestic pension plans in 2020, as required by law. Depending on market and other conditions, Snap-on may make discretionary cash contributions to its pension plans in 2020.

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid as follows:

(Amounts in millions)			Amount
Year:
2020			$	81.7
2021			84.3
2022			95.1
2023			91.3
2024			94.6
2025-2029			498.9

Snap-on’s domestic pension plans have a long-term investment horizon and a total return strategy that emphasizes a capital growth objective. The long-term investment performance objective for Snap-on’s domestic plans’ assets is to achieve net of expense returns that meet or exceed the 7.25% domestic long-term return on plan assets assumption used for reporting purposes. Snap-on uses a three-year, market-related value asset method of amortizing the difference between actual and expected returns on its domestic plans’ assets. As of 2019 year end, Snap-on’s domestic pension plans’ assets comprised approximately 87% of the company’s worldwide pension plan assets.

The basis for determining the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption is a nominal returns forecasting method. For each asset class, future returns are estimated by identifying the premium of riskier asset classes over lower risk alternatives. The methodology constructs expected returns using a “building block” approach to the individual components of total return. These forecasts are stated in both nominal and real (after inflation) terms. This process first considers the long-term historical return premium based on the longest set of data available for each asset class. These premiums, which are calculated using the geometric mean, are then adjusted based on current relative valuation levels, macro-economic conditions, and the expected alpha related to active investment management. The asset return assumption is also adjusted by an implicit expense load for estimated administrative and investment-related expenses.

For risk and correlation assumptions, the actual experience for each asset class is reviewed for the longest time period available. Expected relationships for a 10 to 20 year time horizon are determined based upon historical results, with adjustments made for material changes.

Investments are diversified to attempt to minimize the risk of large losses. Since asset allocation is a key determinant of expected investment returns, assets are periodically rebalanced to the targeted allocation to correct significant deviations from the asset allocation policy that are caused by market fluctuations and cash flow. Asset/liability studies are conducted periodically to determine if any revisions to the strategic asset allocation policy are necessary.

96			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Snap-on’s domestic pension plans’ target allocation and actual weighted-average asset allocation by asset category and fair value of plan assets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

						Target						2019						2018
Asset category:
Equity securities						51%						51%						49%
Debt securities and cash and cash equivalents						37%						40%						40%
Real estate and other real assets						2%						1%						1%
Hedge funds						10%						8%						10%
Total						100%						100%						100%
Fair value of plan assets (Amounts in millions)												$1,260.5						$1,049.0

The fair value measurement hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority (Level 1) to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority (Level 3) to unobservable inputs. Fair value measurements primarily based on observable market information are given a Level 2 priority.

Certain equity and debt securities are valued at quoted per share or unit market prices for which an official close or last trade pricing on an active exchange is available and are categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy. If quoted market prices are not readily available for specific securities, values are estimated using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. Insurance contracts are valued at the present value of the estimated future cash flows promised under the terms of the insurance contracts and are categorized as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Commingled equity securities and commingled multi-strategy funds are valued at the Net Asset Value (“NAV”) per share or unit multiplied by the number of shares or units held as of the measurement date, as reported by the fund managers. The share or unit price is quoted on a private market and is based on the value of the underlying investments, which are primarily based on observable inputs; such investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Private equity partnership funds, hedge funds, and real estate and other real assets are valued at the NAV as reported by the fund managers. Private equity partnership funds, certain hedge funds, and certain real estate and other real assets are valued based on the proportionate interest or share of net assets held by the pension plan, which is based on the estimated fair market value of the underlying investments. Certain other hedge funds and real estate and other real assets are valued at the NAV per share or unit multiplied by the number of shares or units held as of the measurement date, based on the estimated value of the underlying investments as reported by the fund managers. These investments are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

The company regularly reviews fund performance directly with its investment advisor and the fund managers, and performs qualitative analysis to corroborate the reasonableness of the reported NAVs. For funds for which the company did not receive a year-end NAV, the company recorded an estimate of the change in fair value for the latest period based on return estimates and other fund activity obtained from the fund managers.

The columns labeled “Investments Measured at NAV” in the following tables reflect certain investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in these tables are intended to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the pension plan assets.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			97

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following is a summary, by asset category, of the fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy of Snap-on’s domestic pension plans’ assets as of 2019 year end:

(Amounts in millions)						Quoted Prices for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Investments Measured at NAV						Total
Asset category:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	25.6					$	—					$	—					$	25.6
Equity securities:
Domestic						95.1						—						—						95.1
Foreign						58.4						—						—						58.4
Commingled funds – domestic						—						—						263.6						263.6
Commingled funds – foreign						—						—						209.4						209.4
Private equity partnerships						—						—						17.4						17.4
Debt securities:
Government						144.0						2.7						—						146.7
Corporate bonds						—						327.7						—						327.7
Real estate and other real assets						—						—						8.8						8.8
Hedge funds						—						—						107.8						107.8
Total						$	323.1					$	330.4					$	607.0					$	1,260.5

The following is a summary, by asset category, of the fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy of Snap-on’s domestic pension plans’ assets as of 2018 year end:

(Amounts in millions)						Quoted Prices for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Investments Measured at NAV						Total
Asset category:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	17.8					$	—					$	—					$	17.8
Equity securities:
Domestic						70.5						—						—						70.5
Foreign						87.5						—						—						87.5
Commingled funds – domestic						—						—						200.6						200.6
Commingled funds – foreign						—						—						128.4						128.4
Private equity partnerships						—						—						22.7						22.7
Debt securities:
Government						131.2						2.6						—						133.8
Corporate bonds						—						271.3						—						271.3
Real estate and other real assets						—						—						11.9						11.9
Hedge funds						—						—						104.5						104.5
Total						$	307.0					$	273.9					$	468.1					$	1,049.0

Snap-on’s primary investment objective for its foreign pension plans’ assets is to meet the projected obligations to the beneficiaries over a long period of time, and to do so in a manner that is consistent with the company’s risk tolerance. The foreign asset allocation policies consider the company’s financial strength and long-term asset class risk/return expectations, since the obligations are long term in nature. The company believes the foreign pension plans’ assets, which are managed locally by professional investment firms, are well diversified.

98			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The expected long-term rates of return on foreign plans’ assets, which range from 1.3% to 5.7% as of 2019 year end, reflect management’s expectations of long-term average rates of return on funds invested to provide benefits included in the plans’ projected benefit obligation. The expected returns are based on outlooks for inflation, fixed income returns and equity returns, asset allocations and investment strategies. Differences between actual and expected returns on foreign pension plans’ assets are recorded as an actuarial gain or loss and amortized accordingly.

Snap-on’s foreign pension plans’ target allocation and actual weighted-average asset allocation by asset category and fair value of plan assets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

						Target						2019						2018
Asset category:
Equity securities*						46%						46%						35%
Debt securities* and cash and cash equivalents						40%						40%						42%
Insurance contracts and hedge funds						14%						14%						23%
Total						100%						100%						100%
Fair value of plan assets (Amounts in millions)												$195.0						$166.6

* Includes commingled funds - multi-strategy

The following is a summary, by asset category, of the fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy of Snap-on’s foreign pension plans’ assets as of 2019 year end:

(Amounts in millions)						Quoted Prices for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Investments Measured at NAV						Total
Asset category:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	0.9					$	—					$	—					$	0.9
Commingled funds – multi-strategy						—						—						135.5						135.5
Debt securities:
Government						10.1						—						—						10.1
Corporate bonds						—						21.4						—						21.4
Insurance contracts						—						27.1						—						27.1
Total						$	11.0					$	48.5					$	135.5					$	195.0

The following is a summary, by asset category, of the fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy of Snap-on’s foreign pension plans’ assets as of 2018 year end:

(Amounts in millions)						Quoted Prices for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Investments Measured at NAV						Total
Asset category:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	1.2					$	—					$	—					$	1.2
Commingled funds – multi-strategy						—						—						101.5						101.5
Debt securities:
Government						8.3						—						—						8.3
Corporate bonds						—						17.5						—						17.5
Insurance contracts						—						23.8						—						23.8
Hedge fund						—						—						14.3						14.3
Total						$	9.5					$	41.3					$	115.8					$	166.6

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			99

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Snap-on has several 401(k) plans covering certain U.S. employees. Snap-on’s employer match to the 401(k) plans is made with cash contributions. For 2019, 2018 and 2017, Snap-on recognized $9.8 million, $9.4 million and $8.9 million, respectively, of expense related to its 401(k) plans.

Note 12: Postretirement Plans

Snap-on provides health care benefits for certain retired U.S. employees. Employees retiring prior to 1989 were eligible for retiree medical coverage upon reaching early retirement age, with no retiree contributions required. Benefits are paid based on deductibles and percentages of covered expenses and take into consideration payments made by Medicare and other insurance coverage.

Since 1989, U.S. retirees have been eligible for comprehensive major medical plans. Benefits are paid based on deductibles and percentages of covered expenses, and plan provisions allow for benefit and coverage changes. Most retirees are required to pay the entire cost of the coverage, but Snap-on may elect to subsidize the cost of coverage under certain circumstances.

Snap-on has a Voluntary Employees Beneficiary Association (“VEBA”) trust for the funding of existing postretirement health care benefits for certain non-salaried retirees in the United States; all other retiree health care plans are unfunded.

The status of Snap-on’s U.S. postretirement health care plans as of 2019 and 2018 year end is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Change in accumulated postretirement benefit obligation:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year						$	46.8					$	52.5
Interest cost						1.9						1.8
Plan participant contributions						0.3						0.3
Benefits paid						(4.2)						(4.5)
Actuarial (gain) loss						4.4						(3.3)
Benefit obligation at end of year						$	49.2					$	46.8

Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year						$	12.1					$	13.4
Actual return on plan assets						1.5						(0.2)
Employer contributions						3.1						3.1
Plan participant contributions						0.3						0.3
Benefits paid						(4.2)						(4.5)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year						$	12.8					$	12.1
Unfunded status at end of year						$	(36.4)					$	(34.7)

Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Accrued benefits						$	(2.8)					$	(2.9)
Retiree health care benefits						(33.6)						(31.8)
Net liability						$	(36.4)					$	(34.7)

Amounts included in Accumulated OCI on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Net gain, net of tax of $1.1 million and $3.1 million, respectively						$	3.2					$	5.6

100			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The components of net periodic benefit cost and changes recognized in OCI are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Net periodic benefit cost:
Interest cost						$	1.9					$	1.8					$	2.1
Expected return on plan assets						(0.7)						(0.8)						(0.8)
Amortization of unrecognized gain						(0.8)						(0.4)						(0.3)
Net periodic benefit cost						$	0.4					$	0.6					$	1.0
Changes in benefit obligations recognized in OCI, net of tax:
Net (gain) loss						$	2.4					$	(1.4)					$	0.6

The components of net periodic postretirement health care cost, other than the service cost component, are included in “Other income (expense) - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings. See Note 17 for additional information on Other income (expense) - net.

The weighted-average discount rate used to determine Snap-on’s postretirement health care expense is as follows:

						2019						2018						2017
Discount rate						4.2%						3.6%						4.1%

The weighted-average discount rate used to determine Snap-on’s accumulated benefit obligation is as follows:

						2019						2018
Discount rate						3.1%						4.2%

The methodology for selecting the year-end 2019 and 2018 weighted-average discount rate for the company’s domestic postretirement plans was to match the plans’ yearly projected cash flows for benefits and service costs to those of hypothetical bond portfolios using high-quality, AA rated or better, corporate bonds from either Moody’s Investors Service or Standard & Poor’s credit rating agencies available at the measurement date. As a practical expedient, Snap-on uses the calendar year end as the measurement date for its plans.

For 2020, the actuarial calculations assume a pre-65 health care cost trend rate of 5.6% and a post-65 health care cost trend rate of 6.1%, both decreasing gradually to 4.5% in 2038 and thereafter.

The following benefit payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected to be paid as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						Amount
Year:
2020						$	3.7
2021						3.8
2022						3.8
2023						3.9
2024						4.0
2025-2029						20.3

The objective of the VEBA trust is to achieve net of expense returns that meet or exceed the 5.4% long-term return on plan assets assumption used for reporting purposes. Investments are diversified to attempt to minimize the risk of large losses. Since asset allocation is a key determinant of expected investment returns, assets are periodically rebalanced to the targeted allocation to correct significant deviations from the asset allocation policy that are caused by market fluctuations and cash flow.

The basis for determining the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption is a nominal returns forecasting method. For each asset class, future returns are estimated by identifying the premium of riskier asset classes over lower risk alternatives. The methodology constructs expected returns using a “building block” approach to the individual components of total return. These forecasts are stated in both nominal and real (after inflation) terms. This process first considers the long-term historical return premium based on the longest set of data available for each asset class. These premiums, which are calculated using the geometric mean, are then adjusted based on current relative valuation levels and macro-economic conditions. The asset return assumption is also adjusted by an implicit expense load for estimated administrative and investment-related expenses.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			101

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Snap-on’s VEBA plan target allocation and actual weighted-average asset allocation by asset category and fair value of plan assets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:

						Target						2019						2018
Asset category:
Debt securities and cash and cash equivalents						46%						51%						56%
Equity securities						29%						31%						26%
Hedge funds						25%						18%						18%
Total						100%						100%						100%
Fair value of plan assets (Amounts in millions)												$12.8						$12.1

The fair value measurement hierarchy prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority (Level 1) to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities and the lowest priority (Level 3) to unobservable inputs. Fair value measurements primarily based on observable market information are given a Level 2 priority.

Debt securities are valued at quoted per share or unit market prices for which an official close or last trade pricing on an active exchange is available and are categorized as Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy.

Equity securities are valued at the NAV per share or unit multiplied by the number of shares or units held as of the measurement date, as reported by the fund managers. The share or unit price is quoted on a private market and is based on the value of the underlying investments, which are primarily based on observable inputs; such investments that are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

Hedge funds are stated at the NAV per share or unit (based on the estimated fair market value of the underlying investments) multiplied by the number of shares or units held as of the measurement date, as reported by the fund managers. These investments are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

The company regularly reviews fund performance directly with its investment advisor and the fund managers, and performs qualitative analysis to corroborate the reasonableness of the reported NAVs. For funds for which the company did not receive a year-end NAV, the company recorded an estimate of the change in fair value for the latest period based on return estimates and other fund activity obtained from the fund managers.

The columns labeled “Investments Measured at NAV” in the following tables are measured at fair value using the NAV per share (or its equivalent) practical expedient and have not been categorized in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value amounts presented in these tables are intended to permit a reconciliation of the fair value hierarchy to the VEBA plan assets.

The following is a summary, by asset category, of the fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the VEBA plan assets as of 2019 year end:

(Amounts in millions)						Quoted Prices for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Investments Measured at NAV						Total
Asset category:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	0.5					$	—					$	0.5
Debt securities						6.0						—						6.0
Equity securities						—						4.0						4.0
Hedge fund						—						2.3						2.3
Total						$	6.5					$	6.3					$	12.8

102			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The following is a summary, by asset category, of the fair value and the level within the fair value hierarchy of the VEBA plan assets as of 2018 year end:

(Amounts in millions)						Quoted Prices for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Investments Measured at NAV						Total
Asset category:
Cash and cash equivalents						$	1.3					$	—					$	1.3
Debt securities						5.5						—						5.5
Equity securities						—						3.1						3.1
Hedge fund						—						2.2						2.2
Total						$	6.8					$	5.3					$	12.1

Note 13: Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock Plans

The 2011 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan (the “2011 Plan”) provides for the grant of stock options, performance awards, SARs and restricted stock awards (which may be designated as “restricted stock units” or “RSUs”). No further grants are being made under its predecessor, the 2001 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan (the “2001 Plan”), although outstanding awards under the 2001 Plan will continue in accordance with their terms. As of 2019 year end, the 2011 Plan had 2,024,642 shares available for future grants. The company uses treasury stock to deliver shares under both the 2001 and 2011 Plans.

Net stock-based compensation expense was $23.8 million in 2019, $27.2 million in 2018 and $30.3 million in 2017. Cash received from stock purchase and option plan exercises was $51.4 million in 2019, $55.5 million in 2018 and $46.2 million in 2017. The tax benefit realized from both the exercise and vesting of share-based payment arrangements was $9.6 million in 2019, $14.8 million in 2018 and $20.9 million in 2017.

Stock options: Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of a share of Snap-on’s common stock on the date of grant and have a contractual term of ten years. Stock option grants vest ratably on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant.

The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The company uses historical data regarding stock option exercise and forfeiture behaviors for different participating groups to estimate the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the company’s stock for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the option. The expected dividend yield is based on the company’s historical dividend payments. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve on the grant date for the expected term of the option.

The following weighted-average assumptions were used in calculating the fair value of stock options granted during 2019, 2018 and 2017, using the Black-Scholes valuation model:

						2019						2018						2017
Expected term of option (in years)						5.53						5.35						5.15
Expected volatility factor						21.30%						20.08%						22.01%
Expected dividend yield						1.79%						1.68%						1.63%
Risk-free interest rate						2.54%						2.71%						1.78%

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			103

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

A summary of stock option activity during 2019 is presented below:

						Shares (in thousands)						Exercise Price per Share*						Remaining Contractual Term* (in years)						Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding at beginning of year						3,130						$	127.57
Granted						462						155.93
Exercised						(422)						94.95
Forfeited or expired						(56)						161.10
Outstanding at end of year						3,114						135.60						6.1						$	104.6
Exercisable at end of year						2,173						125.00						5.0						96.0

* Weighted-average

The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $29.98 in 2019, $30.21 in 2018 and $31.13 in 2017. The intrinsic value of options exercised was $29.9 million in 2019, $43.8 million in 2018 and $33.3 million in 2017. The fair value of stock options vested was $15.7 million in 2019, $16.0 million in 2018 and $14.0 million in 2017.

As of 2019 year end, there was $15.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.4 years.

Performance awards: Performance awards, which are granted as performance share units (“PSUs”) and performance-based RSUs, are earned and expensed using the fair value of the award over a contractual term of three years based on the company’s performance. Vesting of the performance awards is dependent upon performance relative to pre-defined goals for revenue growth and return on net assets for the applicable performance period. For performance achieved above specified levels, the recipient may earn additional shares of stock, not to exceed 100% of the number of performance awards initially granted.

The PSUs have a three-year performance period based on the results of the consolidated financial metrics of the company. The performance-based RSUs have a one-year performance period based on the results of the consolidated financial metrics of the company followed by a two-year cliff vesting schedule, assuming continued employment.

The fair value of performance awards is calculated using the market value of a share of Snap-on’s common stock on the date of grant and assumed forfeitures based on recent historical experience; in recent years, forfeitures have not been significant. The weighted-average grant date fair value of performance awards granted during 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $155.92, $161.18 and $168.70, respectively. Earned PSUs totaled 21,183 shares as of 2019 year end, 32,154 shares as of 2018 year end and 50,316 shares as of 2017 year end. Earned PSUs vest and are generally paid out following the conclusion of the applicable performance period upon approval by the Organization and Executive Compensation Committee of the company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”). PSUs related to 32,114 shares, 50,182 shares and 60,980 shares were paid out in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Based on the company’s 2019 performance, none of the RSUs granted in 2019 were earned. Based on the company’s 2018 performance, 33,170 RSUs granted in 2018 were earned; assuming continued employment, these RSUs will vest at the end of fiscal 2020. Based on the company’s 2017 performance, 13,648 RSUs granted in 2017 were earned; these RSUs vested as of fiscal 2019 year end and were paid out shortly thereafter.

104			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Changes to the company’s non-vested performance awards in 2019 are as follows:

						Shares (in thousands)						Fair Value Price per Share*
Non-vested performance awards at beginning of year						120						$	164.00
Granted						84						155.92
Vested						(35)						168.47
Cancellations and other						(71)						159.21
Non-vested performance awards at end of year						98						158.94

* Weighted-average

As of 2019 year end, there was $7.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested performance awards that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years.

Stock appreciation rights: The company also issues stock-settled and cash-settled SARs to certain key non-U.S. employees. SARs have a contractual term of ten years and vest ratably on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. SARs are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of a share of Snap-on’s common stock on the date of grant.

Stock-settled SARs are accounted for as equity instruments and provide for the issuance of Snap-on common stock equal to the amount by which the company’s stock has appreciated over the exercise price. Stock-settled SARs have an effect on dilutive shares and shares outstanding as any appreciation of Snap-on’s common stock value over the exercise price will be settled in shares of common stock. Cash-settled SARs provide for the cash payment of the excess of the fair market value of Snap-on’s common stock price on the date of exercise over the grant price. Cash-settled SARs have no effect on dilutive shares or shares outstanding as any appreciation of Snap-on’s common stock over the grant price is paid in cash and not in common stock.

The fair value of stock-settled SARs is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of cash-settled SARs is revalued (mark-to-market) each reporting period using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on Snap-on’s period-end stock price. The company uses historical data regarding SARs exercise and forfeiture behaviors for different participating groups to estimate the expected term of the SARs granted based on the period of time that similar instruments granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the company’s stock for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the SARs. The expected dividend yield is based on the company’s historical dividend payments. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect as of the grant date (for stock-settled SARs) or reporting date (for cash-settled SARs) for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the SARs.

The following weighted-average assumptions were used in calculating the fair value of stock-settled SARs granted during 2019, 2018 and 2017, using the Black-Scholes valuation model:

						2019						2018						2017
Expected term of stock-settled SARs (in years)						3.65						3.58						3.99
Expected volatility factor						22.60%						20.08%						19.39%
Expected dividend yield						1.81%						1.63%						1.46%
Risk-free interest rate						2.48%						2.40%						1.55%

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			105

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Changes to the company’s stock-settled SARs in 2019 are as follows:

						Stock-settled SARs (in thousands)						Exercise Price per Share*						Remaining Contractual Term* (in years)						Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions)
Outstanding at beginning of year						372						$	147.41
Granted						92						155.95
Exercised						(2)						119.43
Forfeited or expired						(12)						150.54
Outstanding at end of year						450						149.18						6.9						$	9.0
Exercisable at end of year						270						142.09						5.9						7.3

* Weighted-average

The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock-settled SARs granted was $26.45 in 2019, $24.71 in 2018 and $24.13 in 2017. The intrinsic value of stock-settled SARs exercised was $0.1 million in 2019, $1.8 million in 2018 and $0.9 million in 2017. The fair value of stock-settled SARs vested was $2.1 million in 2019, $2.2 million in 2018 and $2.1 million in 2017.

As of 2019 year end there was $2.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-settled SARs that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.

The following weighted-average assumptions were used in calculating the fair value of cash-settled SARs granted during 2019, 2018 and 2017, using the Black-Scholes valuation model:

						2019						2018						2017
Expected term of cash-settled SARs (in years)						2.87						2.76						3.09
Expected volatility factor						23.33%						21.96%						19.93%
Expected dividend yield						2.02%						1.75%						1.59%
Risk-free interest rate						1.60%						2.50%						1.98%

The intrinsic value of cash-settled SARs exercised was $1.2 million in 2019, $3.4 million in 2018 and $1.6 million in 2017. The fair value of cash-settled SARs vested during both 2019 and 2018 was $0.1 million and $0.2 million in 2017.

Changes to the company’s non-vested cash-settled SARs in 2019 are as follows:

						Cash-settled SARs (in thousands)						Fair Value Price per Share*
Non-vested cash-settled SARs at beginning of year						3						$	14.89
Granted						1						29.94
Vested						(2)						28.68
Non-vested cash-settled SARs at end of year						2						25.96

* Weighted-average

As of 2019 year end there was $0.1 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested cash-settled SARs that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years.

106			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Restricted stock awards – non-employee directors: The company awarded 7,605 shares, 6,975 shares and 6,966 shares of restricted stock to non-employee directors in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value of the restricted stock awards is expensed over a one-year vesting period based on the fair value on the date of grant. All restrictions for the restricted stock generally lapse upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date, the recipient’s death or disability or in the event of a change in control, as defined in the 2011 Plan. If termination of the recipient’s service occurs prior to the first anniversary of the grant date for any reason other than death or disability, the shares of restricted stock would be forfeited, unless otherwise determined by the Board.

Directors’ fee plan: Under the Directors’ 1993 Fee Plan, as amended, non-employee directors may elect to receive up to 100% of their fees and retainer in shares of Snap-on’s common stock. Directors may elect to defer receipt of all or part of these shares. For 2019, 2018 and 2017, issuances under the Directors’ Fee Plan totaled 1,784 shares, 1,727 shares and 1,800 shares, respectively, of which 1,374 shares, 1,315 shares and 1,312 shares, respectively, were deferred. As of 2019 year end, shares reserved for issuance to directors under this plan totaled 184,146 shares.

Employee stock purchase plan: Substantially all Snap-on employees in the United States and Canada are eligible to participate in an employee stock purchase plan. The purchase price of the company's common stock to participants is the lesser of the mean of the high and low price of the stock on the beginning date (May 15) or ending date (the following May 14) of each plan year. For 2019, 2018 and 2017, issuances under this plan totaled 25,820 shares, 22,794 shares and 26,963 shares, respectively. As of 2019 year end, shares reserved for issuance under this plan totaled 704,986 shares and Snap-on held participant contributions of approximately $2.2 million. Participants are able to withdraw from the plan at any time prior to the ending date and receive back all contributions made during the plan year. Compensation expense for plan participants was $0.1 million in 2019, $0.3 million in 2018 and $0.1 million in 2017.

Franchisee stock purchase plan: All franchisees in the United States and Canada are eligible to participate in a franchisee stock purchase plan. The purchase price of the company’s common stock to participants is the lesser of the mean of the high and low price of the stock on the beginning date (May 15) or ending date (the following May 14) of each plan year. For 2019, 2018 and 2017, issuances under this plan totaled 49,921 shares, 46,704 shares and 47,314 shares, respectively. As of 2019 year end, shares reserved for issuance under this plan totaled 469,530 shares and Snap-on held participant contributions of approximately $4.9 million. Participants are able to withdraw from the plan at any time prior to the ending date and receive back all contributions made during the plan year. The company recognized mark-to-market expense of $0.8 million in 2019, $0.6 million in 2018, and $0.2 million in 2017.

Note 14: Capital Stock

Snap-on has undertaken repurchases of Snap-on common stock from time to time to offset dilution created by shares issued for employee and franchisee stock purchase plans, stock awards and other corporate purposes. Snap-on repurchased 1,495,000 shares, 1,769,000 shares and 1,820,000 shares in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As of 2019 year end, Snap-on has remaining availability to repurchase up to an additional $359.6 million in common stock pursuant to Board authorizations. The purchase of Snap-on common stock is at the company’s discretion, subject to prevailing financial and market conditions.

Cash dividends paid in 2019, 2018 and 2017 totaled $216.6 million, $192.0 million and $169.4 million, respectively. Cash dividends per share in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $3.93, $3.41 and $2.95, respectively. On February 13, 2020, the company’s Board declared a quarterly dividend of $0.00 per share, payable on March 9, 2020, to shareholders of record on February 24, 2020.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			107

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Note 15: Commitments and Contingencies

Snap-on provides product warranties for specific product lines and accrues for estimated future warranty cost in the period in which the sale is recorded. Snap-on calculates its accrual requirements based on historic warranty loss experience that is periodically adjusted for recent actual experience, including the timing of claims during the warranty period and actual costs incurred. Snap-on’s product warranty accrual activity for 2019, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Warranty accrual:
Beginning of year						$	17.1					$	17.2					$	16.0
Additions						16.0						14.9						15.2
Usage						(15.8)						(15.0)						(14.0)
End of year						$	17.3					$	17.1					$	17.2

Approximately 2,650 employees, or 21% of Snap-on’s worldwide workforce, are represented by unions and/or covered under collective bargaining agreements. The number of covered union employees whose contracts expire over the next five years approximates 1,825 employees in 2020, 650 employees in 2021, and 175 employees in 2022; there are no contracts currently scheduled to expire in 2023 or 2024. In recent years, Snap-on has not experienced any significant work slowdowns, stoppages or other labor disruptions.

Snap-on is involved in various legal matters that are being litigated and/or settled in the ordinary course of business. Although it is not possible to predict the outcome of legal matters, management believes that the results of all legal matters will not have a material impact on Snap-on’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

The Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 29, 2018, included an accrual of $30.9 million related to a judgment from the fourth quarter of 2017 for a patent-related litigation matter that was being appealed, which was subsequently settled in 2019. The company recognized an $11.6 million benefit in “Operating expenses” on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings in fiscal 2019 as a result of the settlement.

Note 16: Leases

At the beginning of fiscal 2019, Snap-on adopted ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a significant impact on the company’s consolidated financial statements. Finance leases and lessor accounting remained substantially unchanged. The adoption of Topic 842 impacted the company’s previously reported results as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						Classification						Balance at December 29, 2018						Topic 842 Adjustments						Opening Balance at December 30, 2018
Assets
Finance lease assets						Property and equipment - net						$	7.8					$	—					$	7.8
Operating lease assets						Operating lease right-of-use assets						—						60.5						60.5
Liabilities
Current:
Finance lease liabilities						Other accrued liabilities						$	1.2					$	—					$	1.2
Operating lease liabilities						Other accrued liabilities						—						20.2						20.2
Non-current:
Finance lease liabilities						Other long-term liabilities						$	6.6					$	—					$	6.6
Operating lease liabilities						Operating lease liabilities						—						40.4						40.4

108			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Lessee accounting: Snap-on determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Snap-on has operating and finance leases for manufacturing plants, distribution centers, software development facilities, financial services offices, data centers, company store vans and certain equipment. Snap-on’s leases have lease terms of one year to 20 years and some include options to extend and/or terminate the lease. The exercise of lease renewal options is at the company’s sole discretion. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. When deemed reasonably certain of exercise, the renewal and purchase options are included in the determination of the lease term and lease payment obligation, respectively. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited to the expected term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain of exercise. The company’s lease agreements do not contain any material variable lease payments, material residual value guarantees or any material restrictive covenants.

ROU assets represent Snap-on’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized at commencement date of the lease based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. When readily determinable, Snap-on uses the implicit rate in determining the present value of lease payments. When leases do not provide an implicit rate, Snap-on uses its country specific incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date, including the lease term. The operating lease ROU asset also includes any lease payments made and excludes lease incentives. Lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Snap-on has lease agreements with lease and non-lease components, which are generally accounted for separately. For all equipment leases, including vehicles, Snap-on accounts for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Total lease costs for 2019 consist of the following:

(Amounts in millions)						2019
Finance lease costs:
Amortization of ROU assets						$	1.5
Interest on lease liabilities						0.5
Operating lease costs*						25.1
Total lease costs						$	27.1

*			Includes short-term leases, variable lease costs and sublease income, which are immaterial.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases in 2019 is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Financing cash flows from finance leases						$	2.8
Operating cash flows from finance leases						0.5
Operating cash flows from operating leases						23.5
ROU assets obtained in exchange for new lease obligations:
Finance lease liabilities						$	1.4
Operating lease liabilities						12.5

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			109

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases in 2019 is as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2019
Finance leases:
Property and equipment - gross						$	9.2
Accumulated depreciation and amortization						(1.5)
Property and equipment - net						$	7.7
Other accrued liabilities						$	2.8
Other long-term liabilities						10.0
Total finance lease liabilities						$	12.8
Operating leases:
Operating lease right-of-use assets						$	55.6
Other accrued liabilities						$	19.5
Operating lease liabilities						37.5
Total operating lease liabilities						$	57.0

Weighted-average lease terms and discount rates in 2019 are as follows:

						2019
Weighted-average remaining lease terms:
Finance leases						4.5 years
Operating leases						3.7 years
Weighted-average discount rates:
Finance leases						3.4%
Operating leases						2.8%

Maturities of lease liabilities as of December 28, 2019 are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						Operating Leases						Finance Leases
Year:
2020						$	20.6					$	3.2
2021						15.6						3.0
2022						10.8						2.8
2023						6.2						2.6
2024						4.1						2.0
2025 and thereafter						2.7						0.2
Total lease payments						60.0						13.8
Less: amount representing interest						(3.0)						(1.0)
Total lease liabilities						$	57.0					$	12.8

In 2019, Snap-on did not have any significant additional operating or finance leases that have not yet commenced.

110			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Snap-on’s future minimum lease commitments, net of sub-lease rental income, as of December 29, 2018, under Accounting Standard Codification Topic 840, the predecessor to Topic 842, are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						Operating Leases						Capital Leases
Year:
2019						$	25.6					$	3.3
2020						18.4						3.2
2021						13.9						2.9
2022						9.8						2.5
2023						4.9						2.2
2024 and thereafter						4.4						1.9
Total minimum lease payments						$	77.0					16.0
Less: amount representing interest												(0.9)
Total present value of minimum capital lease payments												$	15.1

Amounts included in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets for the present value of minimum capital lease payments as of 2018 year end are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						2018
Other accrued liabilities						$	3.0
Other long-term liabilities						12.1
Total present value of minimum capital lease payments						$	15.1

Rent expense for worldwide facilities, office equipment and vehicles, net of sub-lease rental income, was $33.0 million and $35.2 million in 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Lessor accounting: Snap-on’s Financial Services business offers its customers lease financing for the lease of tools, diagnostics and equipment products and to franchisees who require financing for vehicle leases. Snap-on accounts for its financial services leases as sales-type leases. In certain circumstances, the lessee has the option to terminate the lease. In the event of the lessee’s deteriorated financial condition or default, Snap-on has the right to terminate the lease. The leases contain an end-of-term purchase option that is generally insignificant and is reasonably certain to be exercised by the lessee.

The company recognizes the net investment in the lease as the present value of the lease payments not yet received plus the present value of the unguaranteed residual value, using the interest rate implicit in the lease. The difference between the undiscounted lease payments received over the lease term and the related net investment in the lease is reported as unearned finance charges. Unearned finance charges are amortized to income over the life of the contract and are included as a component of “Financial services revenue” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings.

Sales-type leases are included in both “Finance receivables - net” and “Long-term finance receivables - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, with lease terms of up to five years. In 2019 and 2018, finance receivables have future minimum lease payments, including unguaranteed residual value, of $97.5 million and $93.3 million, respectively, and unearned finance charges of $19.9 million and $18.1 million, respectively.

Sales-type leases are included in both “Contract receivables - net” and “Long-term contract receivables - net” on the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, with lease terms of up to seven years. In 2019 and 2018, contract receivables have future minimum lease payments, including unguaranteed residual value, of $267.7 million and $254.2 million, respectively, and unearned finance charges of $47.6 million and $46.2 million, respectively.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			111

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Future minimum lease payments as of December 28, 2019 are as follows:

(Amounts in millions)						Lease Receivables
Year:
2020						$	119.1
2021						90.7
2022						64.3
2023						44.4
2024						28.4
2025 and thereafter						18.3
Total lease payments						365.2
Less: unearned finance charges						(67.5)
Net investment in leases						$	297.7

See Note 4 for further information on finance and contract receivables.

Note 17: Other Income (Expense) – Net

“Other income (expense) – net” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings consists of the following:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Interest income						$	1.5					$	0.6					$	0.3
Net foreign exchange loss						(3.6)						(3.9)						(7.0)
Net periodic pension and postretirement benefits (costs) - non-service						10.4						3.7						(0.6)
Settlement of treasury lock						—						13.3						—
Loss on early extinguishment of debt						—						(7.8)						—
Other						0.5						(1.7)						(0.5)
Total other income (expense) – net						$	8.8					$	4.2					$	(7.8)

Note 18: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following is a summary of net changes in Accumulated OCI by component and net of tax for 2019 and 2018:

(Amounts in millions)						Foreign Currency Translation						Cash Flow Hedges						Defined Benefit Pension and Postretirement Plans						Total
Balance as of 2017 year end						$	(82.5)					$	14.5					$	(261.0)					$	(329.0)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications						(95.4)						(0.8)						(59.0)						(155.2)
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated OCI						—						(1.5)						23.5						22.0
Net other comprehensive loss						(95.4)						(2.3)						(35.5)						(133.2)
Balance as of 2018 year end						$	(177.9)					$	12.2					$	(296.5)					$	(462.2)
Impact of the Tax Act on Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (ASU No. 2018-02)						—						—						(45.9)						(45.9)
Balance at beginning of 2019						(177.9)						12.2						(342.4)						(508.1)
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications						(9.5)						—						(6.5)						(16.0)
Amounts reclassified from Accumulated OCI						—						(1.5)						17.7						16.2
Net other comprehensive income (loss)						(9.5)						(1.5)						11.2						0.2
Balance as of 2019 year end						$	(187.4)					$	10.7					$	(331.2)					$	(507.9)

112			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

The reclassifications out of Accumulated OCI in 2019 and 2018 are as follows:

						Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated OCI																		Statement of Earnings Presentation
(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Gains on cash flow hedges:
Treasury locks						$	1.5					$	1.5					Interest expense
Income tax expense						—						—						Income tax expense
Net of tax						1.5						1.5
Amortization of net unrecognized losses and prior service credits						(23.5)						(31.1)						See footnote below*
Income tax benefit						5.8						7.6						Income tax expense
Net of tax						(17.7)						(23.5)
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax						$	(16.2)					$	(22.0)

*			These Accumulated OCI components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and postretirement health care costs; see Note 11 and Note 12 for further information.

Note 19: Segments

Snap-on’s business segments are based on the organization structure used by management for making operating and investment decisions and for assessing performance. Snap-on’s reportable business segments are: (i) the Commercial & Industrial Group; (ii) the Snap-on Tools Group; (iii) the Repair Systems & Information Group; and (iv) Financial Services. The Commercial & Industrial Group consists of business operations serving a broad range of industrial and commercial customers worldwide, including customers in the aerospace, natural resources, government, power generation, transportation and technical education market segments (collectively, “critical industries”), primarily through direct and distributor channels. The Snap-on Tools Group consists of business operations primarily serving vehicle service and repair technicians through the company’s worldwide mobile tool distribution channel. The Repair Systems & Information Group consists of business operations serving other professional vehicle repair customers worldwide, primarily owners and managers of independent repair shops and OEM dealerships, through direct and distributor channels. Financial Services consists of the business operations of Snap-on’s finance subsidiaries.

Snap-on evaluates the performance of its operating segments based on segment revenues, including both external and intersegment net sales, and segment operating earnings. Snap-on accounts for intersegment sales and transfers based primarily on standard costs with reasonable mark-ups established between the segments. Identifiable assets by segment are those assets used in the respective reportable segment’s operations. Corporate assets consist of cash and cash equivalents (excluding cash held at Financial Services), deferred income taxes and certain other assets. Intersegment amounts are eliminated to arrive at Snap-on’s consolidated financial results.

Snap-on does not have any single customer or government that represents 10% or more of its revenues in any of the indicated periods.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			113

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Financial Data by Segment:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Net sales:
Commercial & Industrial Group						$	1,345.7					$	1,343.3					$	1,265.0
Snap-on Tools Group						1,612.9						1,613.8						1,625.1
Repair Systems & Information Group						1,334.5						1,334.4						1,347.2
Segment net sales						4,293.1						4,291.5						4,237.3
Intersegment eliminations						(563.1)						(550.8)						(550.4)
Total net sales						3,730.0						3,740.7						3,686.9
Financial Services revenue						337.7						329.7						313.4
Total revenues						$	4,067.7					$	4,070.4					$	4,000.3
Operating earnings:
Commercial & Industrial Group						$	188.7					$	199.3					$	186.5
Snap-on Tools Group						245.8						264.2						274.7
Repair Systems & Information Group						342.7						342.6						335.3
Financial Services						245.9						230.1						217.5
Segment operating earnings						1,023.1						1,036.2						1,014.0
Corporate						(60.8)						(80.1)						(131.9)
Operating earnings						962.3						956.1						882.1
Interest expense						(49.0)						(50.4)						(52.4)
Other income (expense) – net						8.8						4.2						(7.8)
Earnings before income taxes and equity earnings						$	922.1					$	909.9					$	821.9

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018
Assets:
Commercial & Industrial Group						$	1,138.8					$	1,087.9
Snap-on Tools Group						827.4						752.7
Repair Systems & Information Group						1,381.9						1,306.3
Financial Services						2,104.0						2,039.6
Total assets from reportable segments						5,452.1						5,186.5
Corporate						303.1						249.2
Elimination of intersegment receivables						(61.7)						(62.6)
Total assets						$	5,693.5					$	5,373.1

114			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

Financial Data by Segment (continued):

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Capital expenditures:
Commercial & Industrial Group						$	30.1					$	21.5					$	22.6
Snap-on Tools Group						42.7						46.0						40.1
Repair Systems & Information Group						22.7						19.7						13.4
Financial Services						0.8						0.5						1.2
Total from reportable segments						96.3						87.7						77.3
Corporate						3.1						3.2						4.7
Total capital expenditures						$	99.4					$	90.9					$	82.0
Depreciation and amortization:
Commercial & Industrial Group						$	23.5					$	23.6					$	22.8
Snap-on Tools Group						31.7						29.9						29.1
Repair Systems & Information Group						33.0						36.7						37.8
Financial Services						0.7						0.8						0.6
Total from reportable segments						88.9						91.0						90.3
Corporate						3.5						3.1						2.9
Total depreciation and amortization						$	92.4					$	94.1					$	93.2

Revenues by geographic region:*
United States						$	2,794.0					$	2,727.9					$	2,703.3
Europe						730.3						784.7						748.8
All other						543.4						557.8						548.2
Total revenues						$	4,067.7					$	4,070.4					$	4,000.3
(Amounts in millions)																		2019						2018
Long-lived assets:**
United States																		$	1,112.3					$	1,091.2
Sweden																		218.7						227.4
All other																		348.2						311.6
Total long-lived assets																		$	1,679.2					$	1,630.2

*			Revenues are attributed to countries based on origin of the sale.
**			Long-lived assets consist of Property and equipment - net, Goodwill, and Other intangibles - net.

Products and Services: Snap-on derives net sales from a broad line of products and complementary services that are grouped into three categories: (i) tools; (ii) diagnostics, information and management systems; and (iii) equipment. The tools product category includes hand tools, power tools, tool storage products and other similar products. The diagnostics, information and management systems product category includes handheld and PC-based diagnostic products, service and repair information products, diagnostic software solutions, electronic parts catalogs, business management systems and services, point-of-sale systems, integrated systems for vehicle service shops, OEM purchasing facilitation services, and warranty management systems and analytics to help OEM dealerships manage and track performance. The equipment product category includes solutions for the service of vehicles and industrial equipment. Snap-on supports the sale of its diagnostics and vehicle service shop equipment by offering training programs as well as after-sales service support to its customers. Through its financial services businesses, Snap-on also derives revenue from various financing programs designed to facilitate the sales of its products and support its franchise business. Further product line information is not presented as it is not practicable to do so.

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			115

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table shows the consolidated net sales and revenues of these product groups in the last three years:

(Amounts in millions)						2019						2018						2017
Net sales:
Tools						$	2,017.5					$	2,021.2					$	1,946.7
Diagnostics, information and management systems						827.5						797.9						800.4
Equipment						885.0						921.6						939.8
Total net sales						3,730.0						3,740.7						3,686.9
Financial services revenue						337.7						329.7						313.4
Total revenues						$	4,067.7					$	4,070.4					$	4,000.3

Note 20: Quarterly Data (unaudited)

(Amounts in millions, except per share data)						First Quarter						Second Quarter						Third Quarter						Fourth Quarter						Total
2019
Net sales						$	921.7					$	951.3					$	901.8					$	955.2					$	3,730.0
Gross profit						471.6						473.8						448.1						450.5						1,844.0
Financial services revenue						85.6						84.1						84.1						83.9						337.7
Financial services expenses						(23.5)						(23.5)						(23.1)						(21.7)						(91.8)
Net earnings						182.1						184.9						169.2						175.0						711.2
Net earnings attributable to Snap-on Incorporated						177.9						180.4						164.6						170.6						693.5
Earnings per share – basic						3.21						3.27						2.99						3.12						12.59
Earnings per share – diluted						3.16						3.22						2.96						3.08						12.41
Cash dividends paid per share						0.95						0.95						0.95						1.08						3.93
						First Quarter						Second Quarter						Third Quarter						Fourth Quarter						Total
2018
Net sales						$	935.5					$	954.6					$	898.1					$	952.5					$	3,740.7
Gross profit						471.6						487.1						453.9						457.4						1,870.0
Financial services revenue						83.0						82.0						82.0						82.7						329.7
Financial services expenses						(26.1)						(24.2)						(22.7)						(26.6)						(99.6)
Net earnings						166.8						182.7						167.4						179.3						696.2
Net earnings attributable to Snap-on Incorporated						163.0						178.7						163.2						175.0						679.9
Earnings per share – basic						2.87						3.17						2.90						3.14						12.08
Earnings per share – diluted						2.82						3.12						2.85						3.09						11.87
Cash dividends paid per share						0.82						0.82						0.82						0.95						3.41

116			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Snap-on has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SNAP-ON INCORPORATED
By:						/s/ Nicholas T. Pinchuk												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Nicholas T. Pinchuk, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Snap-on and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

						/s/ Nicholas T. Pinchuk												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Nicholas T. Pinchuk, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
						/s/ Aldo J. Pagliari												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Aldo J. Pagliari, Principal Financial Officer, Senior Vice President – Finance and Chief Financial Officer
						/s/ Richard K. Strege												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Richard K. Strege, Principal Accounting Officer, Vice President and Controller

			2019 ANNUAL REPORT			117

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of Snap-on and in the capacities and on the date indicated.

By:						/s/ David C. Adams												Date:			February 13, 2020
						David C. Adams, Director
By:						/s/ Karen L. Daniel												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Karen L. Daniel, Director
By:						/s/ Ruth Ann M. Gillis												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Ruth Ann M. Gillis, Director
By:						/s/ James P. Holden												Date:			February 13, 2020
						James P. Holden, Director
By:						/s/ Nathan J. Jones												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Nathan J. Jones, Director
By:						/s/ Henry W. Knueppel												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Henry W. Knueppel, Director
By:						/s/ W. Dudley Lehman												Date:			February 13, 2020
						W. Dudley Lehman, Director
By:						/s/ Nicholas T. Pinchuk												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Nicholas T. Pinchuk, Director
By:						/s/ Gregg M. Sherrill												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Gregg M. Sherrill, Director
By:						/s/ Donald J. Stebbins												Date:			February 13, 2020
						Donald J. Stebbins, Director

118			SNAP-ON INCORPORATED