Item 1. Financial Statements

SYNOPSYS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited, in thousands, except par value amounts)

			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	1,839,815					$	1,433,966
Short-term investments			154,431						151,639
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments			1,994,246						1,585,605
Accounts receivable, net			805,198						856,660
Inventories			386,009						325,590
Prepaid and other current assets			914,598						548,115
Current assets held for sale			1,027,702						114,654
Total current assets			5,127,753						3,430,624
Property and equipment, net			571,408						549,837
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net			556,593						559,923
Goodwill			3,444,349						3,346,065
Intangible assets, net			266,092						239,577
Deferred income taxes			1,102,716						853,526
Other long-term assets			579,773						444,820
Long-term assets held for sale			—						908,759
Total assets			$	11,648,684					$	10,333,131
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NON-CONTROLLING INTEREST AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			$	756,983					$	1,059,914
Operating lease liabilities			89,869						79,832
Deferred revenue			1,356,804						1,559,461
Current liabilities held for sale			331,294						286,244
Total current liabilities			2,534,950						2,985,451
Long-term operating lease liabilities			568,407						579,686
Long-term deferred revenue			319,080						150,827
Long-term debt			15,599						18,078
Other long-term liabilities			465,233						381,531
Long-term liabilities held for sale			—						33,257
Total liabilities			3,903,269						4,148,830
Redeemable non-controlling interest			31,043						31,043
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 2,000 shares authorized; none outstanding			—						—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 400,000 shares authorized; 153,613 and 152,053 shares outstanding, respectively			1,536						1,521
Capital in excess of par value			1,192,363						1,276,152
Retained earnings			7,884,044						6,741,699
Treasury stock, at cost: 3,648 and 5,207 shares, respectively			(1,188,435)						(1,675,650)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			(180,112)						(196,414)
Total Synopsys stockholders’ equity			7,709,396						6,147,308
Non-controlling interest			4,976						5,950
Total stockholders’ equity			7,714,372						6,153,258
Total liabilities, redeemable non-controlling interest and stockholders’ equity			$	11,648,684					$	10,333,131

See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SYNOPSYS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Revenue:
Time-based products			$	803,147					$	827,396					$	2,389,924					$	2,235,531
Upfront products			442,528						292,653						1,281,283						958,631
Total products revenue			1,245,675						1,120,049						3,671,207						3,194,162
Maintenance and service			280,074						234,341						820,243						656,469
Total revenue			1,525,749						1,354,390						4,491,450						3,850,631
Cost of revenue:
Products			179,536						174,460						553,753						500,146
Maintenance and service			96,630						74,978						275,348						211,833
Amortization of acquired intangible assets			14,510						10,994						41,165						32,683
Total cost of revenue			290,676						260,432						870,266						744,662
Gross margin			1,235,073						1,093,958						3,621,184						3,105,969
Operating expenses:
Research and development			508,872						484,470						1,527,542						1,384,120
Sales and marketing			211,491						185,769						640,117						537,981
General and administrative			150,437						99,750						396,464						274,406
Amortization of acquired intangible assets			4,062						2,014						12,152						5,949
Restructuring charges			—						21,879						—						54,439
Total operating expenses			874,862						793,882						2,576,275						2,256,895
Operating income			360,211						300,076						1,044,909						849,074
Interest and other income (expense), net			31,784						25,484						146,070						52,631
Income before income taxes			391,995						325,560						1,190,979						901,705
Provision (benefit) for income taxes			(30,712)						(6,951)						37,634						29,779
Net income from continuing operations			422,707						332,511						1,153,345						871,926
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes			(17,813)						544						(13,155)						(296)
Net income			404,894						333,055						1,140,190						871,630
Less: Net income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interest and redeemable non-controlling interest			(3,161)						(3,197)						(9,084)						(9,068)
Net income attributed to Synopsys			$	408,055					$	336,252					$	1,149,274					$	880,698
Net income (loss) attributed to Synopsys:
Continuing operations			$	425,868					$	335,708					$	1,162,429					$	880,994
Discontinued operations			(17,813)						544						(13,155)						(296)
Net income			$	408,055					$	336,252					$	1,149,274					$	880,698
Net income (loss) per share attributed to Synopsys - basic:
Continuing operations			$	2.78					$	2.21					$	7.60					$	5.79
Discontinued operations			$	(0.12)					$	—					$	(0.08)					$	—
Basic net income per share			$	2.66					$	2.21					$	7.52					$	5.79
Net income (loss) per share attributed to Synopsys - diluted:

Continuing operations			$	2.73					$	2.17					$	7.46					$	5.68
Discontinued operations			$	(0.12)					$	—					$	(0.09)					$	—
Diluted net income per share			$	2.61					$	2.17					$	7.37					$	5.68
Shares used in computing per share amounts:
Basic			153,417						152,023						152,885						152,204
Diluted			156,131						154,947						155,863						155,119

See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SYNOPSYS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited, in thousands)

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
Net income			$	404,894					$	333,055					$	1,140,190					$	871,630
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Change in foreign currency translation adjustment			4,913						(12,232)						4,526						19,297
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $0 for periods presented			885						(212)						1,764						1,326
Cash flow hedges:
Deferred gains (losses), net of tax $(1,989) and $(1,970) for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, respectively, and of $(2,147) and $(14,995) for each of the same periods in fiscal 2023, respectively.			4,181						5,907						7,656						43,489
Reclassification adjustment on deferred (gains) losses included in net income, net of tax of $348 and $(2,083) for the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, respectively, and of $(2,111) and $(8,707) for each of the same periods in fiscal 2023, respectively.			(2,078)						5,250						2,356						22,881
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects			7,901						(1,287)						16,302						86,993
Comprehensive income			412,795						331,768						1,156,492						958,623
Less: Net income (loss) attributed to non-controlling interest and redeemable non-controlling interest			(3,161)						(3,197)						(9,084)						(9,068)
Comprehensive income attributed to Synopsys			$	415,956					$	334,965					$	1,165,576					$	967,691

See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SYNOPSYS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited, in thousands)

															Capital in Excess of Par Value						Retained Earnings						Treasury Stock						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Total Synopsys Stockholders’ Equity						Non-controlling Interest						Stockholders’ Equity
			Common Stock
			Shares						Amount
Balance at April 30, 2024			153,204						$	1,532					$	1,182,829					$	7,478,366					$	(1,321,554)					$	(188,013)					$	7,153,160					$	4,638					$	7,157,798
Net income																					408,055																		408,055						(783)						407,272
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects																																	7,901						7,901												7,901
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			409						4						(170,884)												133,119												(37,761)												(37,761)
Stock-based compensation															180,418																								180,418						1,121						181,539
Adjustments to redeemable non-controlling interest																					(2,377)																		(2,377)												(2,377)
Balance at July 31, 2024			153,613						$	1,536					$	1,192,363					$	7,884,044					$	(1,188,435)					$	(180,112)					$	7,709,396					$	4,976					$	7,714,372
Balance at October 31, 2023			152,053						$	1,521					$	1,276,152					$	6,741,699					$	(1,675,650)					$	(196,414)					$	6,147,308					$	5,950					$	6,153,258
Net income																					1,149,274																		1,149,274						(2,154)						1,147,120
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects																																	16,302						16,302												16,302
Purchases of treasury stock			(74)						(1)						1												(45,000)												(45,000)												(45,000)
Equity forward contract, net															45,000																								45,000												45,000
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			1,634						16						(666,689)												532,215												(134,458)												(134,458)
Stock-based compensation															536,401																								536,401						3,625						540,026
Adjustments to redeemable non-controlling interest																					(6,929)																		(6,929)												(6,929)
Recognition of non-controlling interest upon issuance of subsidiary stock															1,498																								1,498						(2,445)						(947)
Balance at July 31, 2024			153,613						$	1,536					$	1,192,363					$	7,884,044					$	(1,188,435)					$	(180,112)					$	7,709,396					$	4,976					$	7,714,372
															Capital in Excess of Par Value						Retained Earnings						Treasury Stock						Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)						Total Synopsys Stockholders’ Equity						Non-controlling Interest						Stockholders’ Equity
			Common Stock
			Shares						Amount
Balance at April 30, 2023			152,251						$	1,523					$	1,330,072					$	6,075,009					$	(1,428,748)					$	(145,997)					$	5,831,859					$	5,086					$	5,836,945
Net income																					336,252																		336,252						(557)						335,695
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects																																	(1,287)						(1,287)												(1,287)
Purchases of treasury stock			(751)						(8)						8												(300,000)												(300,000)												(300,000)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			625						6						(215,666)						(18,796)						185,859												(48,597)												(48,597)
Stock-based compensation															142,968																								142,968						1,496						144,464
Adjustments for redeemable non-controlling interest																					(2,640)																		(2,640)												(2,640)
Recognition of non-controlling interest upon issuance of subsidiary stock																																							—						(576)						(576)
Balance at July 31, 2023			152,125						$	1,521					$	1,257,382					$	6,389,825					$	(1,542,889)					$	(147,284)					$	5,958,555					$	5,449					$	5,964,004
Balance at October 31, 2022			152,375						$	1,524					$	1,487,126					$	5,534,307					$	(1,272,955)					$	(234,277)					$	5,515,725					$	4,801					$	5,520,526
Net income																					880,698																		880,698						(1,217)						879,481
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax effects																																	86,993						86,993												86,993
Purchases of treasury stock			(2,382)						(24)						24												(860,724)												(860,724)												(860,724)
Equity forward contract, net															(45,000)																								(45,000)												(45,000)
Common stock issued, net of shares withheld for employee taxes			2,132						21						(603,944)						(19,108)						590,790												(32,241)												(32,241)
Stock-based compensation															418,047																								418,047						3,902						421,949
Adjustment for redeemable non-controlling interest																					(6,072)																		(6,072)												(6,072)
Recognition of non-controlling interest upon issuance of subsidiary stock															1,129																								1,129						(2,037)						(908)
Balance at July 31, 2023			152,125						$	1,521					$	1,257,382					$	6,389,825					$	(1,542,889)					$	(147,284)					$	5,958,555					$	5,449					$	5,964,004

See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SYNOPSYS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited, in thousands)

			Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income			$	1,140,190					$	871,630
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Amortization and depreciation			180,149						180,033
Reduction of operating lease right-of-use assets			72,196						72,647
Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts			57,071						61,677
Stock-based compensation			540,026						421,949
Allowance for credit losses			14,696						11,937
Gain on sale of strategic investments			(55,077)						—
Amortization of bridge financing costs			18,435						—
Deferred income taxes			(276,840)						(166,061)
Other non-cash			(3,730)						8,649
Net changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of acquired assets and assumed liabilities:
Accounts receivable			59,159						112,511
Inventories			(71,303)						(77,919)
Prepaid and other current assets			(350,652)						8,373
Other long-term assets			(137,159)						(116,487)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			17,532						48,574
Operating lease liabilities			(72,254)						(52,914)
Income taxes			(241,952)						123,924
Deferred revenue			(46,276)						(131,310)
Net cash provided by operating activities			844,211						1,377,213
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from maturities and sales of short-term investments			98,465						104,139
Purchases of short-term investments			(97,181)						(102,457)
Proceeds from sales of strategic investments			55,696						7,248
Purchases of strategic investments			(1,240)						(435)
Purchases of property and equipment			(118,772)						(136,520)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired			(156,947)						(51,324)
Capitalization of software development costs			—						(2,204)
Net cash used in investing activities			(219,979)						(181,553)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayment of debt			(2,607)						(2,603)
Payment of bridge financing and term loan costs			(72,265)						—
Issuances of common stock			143,148						164,841
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards			(278,571)						(198,969)
Purchase of equity forward contract			—						(45,000)
Purchases of treasury stock			—						(860,724)
Other			(1,096)						(122)
Net cash used in financing activities			(211,391)						(942,577)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			5,458						14,997
Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			418,299						268,080
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year, including cash from discontinued operations			1,441,187						1,419,864
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period, including cash from discontinued operations			1,859,486						1,687,944
Less: Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations			17,441						4,835
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from continuing operations			$	1,842,045					$	1,683,109

See the accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

SYNOPSYS, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Description of Business

Synopsys, Inc. (Synopsys, we, our or us) delivers trusted and comprehensive silicon to systems design solutions, from electronic design automation (EDA), including system verification and validation solutions, to silicon intellectual property (IP). We partner closely with semiconductor and systems customers across a wide range of industries to maximize their research and development capability and productivity. We are catalyzing the era of pervasive intelligence to power innovation today that ignites the ingenuity of tomorrow.

We are a global leader in supplying the EDA software that engineers use to design and test integrated circuits (ICs), also known as chips or silicon, and we are pioneering artificial intelligence (AI) driven chip design across the full-stack EDA suite to improve efficiency and accelerate the design, verification testing and manufacturing of advanced digital and analog chips. We provide software and hardware used to validate the electronic systems that incorporate chips and the software that runs on them, including cloud-based digital design flow to boost chip-design development productivity. We also provide technical services and support to help our customers develop advanced chips and electronic systems. These products and services are part of our Design Automation segment.

We also offer a broad and comprehensive portfolio of semiconductor IP solutions, which are pre-designed circuits that engineers use as components of larger chip designs to reduce integration risk and speed time to market. Our high quality, silicon-proven semiconductor IP includes logic libraries, embedded memories, analog IP, wired and wireless interface IP, security IP, embedded processors and subsystems. To accelerate IP integration and silicon bring-up, our IP accelerated initiative provides architecture design expertise, hardening, and signal and power integrity analysis. These products and services are part of our Design IP segment.

Note 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Pursuant to these rules and regulations, we have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures we normally include in our annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (U.S. GAAP). The condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited but, in management’s opinion, we have made all adjustments (consisting only of normal, recurring adjustments, except as otherwise indicated) necessary for a fair presentation of our quarterly results. Our interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year. These financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2023 as filed with the SEC on December 12, 2023 (our Annual Report).

Use of Estimates. To prepare financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, management must make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates and could have a material impact on our operating results and financial position.

Principles of Consolidation. The condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our wholly and majority-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fiscal Year and Fiscal Quarter End. Our fiscal year ends on the Saturday nearest to October 31 and consists of 52 weeks, with the exception that approximately every five years, we have a 53-week year. When a 53-week year occurs, we include the additional week in the first quarter to realign fiscal quarters with calendar quarters. Fiscal 2024 is a 53-week year ending on November 2, 2024, which impacts our revenue, expenses and operating results. Fiscal 2023 was a 52-week year and ended on October 28, 2023.

Our results of operations for the first nine months of fiscal 2024 and 2023 included 40 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively, and ended on August 3, 2024 and July 29, 2023, respectively. For presentation purposes, the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes refer to the closest calendar month end.

Software Integrity Divestiture. During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, we determined that our Software Integrity business met the criteria to be classified as a discontinued operation, and, as a result, Software Integrity’s historical financial results are reflected in our consolidated financial statements as discontinued operations, and assets and liabilities were retrospectively reclassified as assets and liabilities held for sale. We did not allocate any general corporate overhead to discontinued operations. See Note 3. Discontinued Operations of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Significant Accounting Policies. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies included in our Annual Report*.*

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, which applies to all equity securities measured at fair value that are subject to contractual sale restrictions. This change prohibits entities from taking into account contractual restrictions on the sale of equity securities when estimating fair value and introduces required disclosures for such transactions. The ASU will become effective for us beginning on November 1, 2024 and will be applied prospectively. Early adoption is permitted. Any future impact from the adoption of this ASU will depend on the facts and circumstances of future transactions.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. The ASU expands public entities’ segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss, an amount and description of its composition for other segment items, and interim disclosures of a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets. The ASU is effective for our annual report beginning in the fiscal year 2025, and interim period reports beginning in the first quarter of the fiscal year 2026 on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures primarily through changes to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. The ASU will become effective for us beginning on November 1, 2025 and will be applied on a prospective basis, with a retrospective option. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this ASU on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

Note 3. Discontinued Operations

On May 5, 2024, we entered into an Equity Purchase Agreement (the Purchase Agreement) by and between Synopsys and Sapphire Software Buyer, Inc. (Buyer), an entity controlled by funds affiliated with Clearlake Capital Group, L.P. and Francisco Partners (together, the Sponsors), pursuant to which we will sell our Software Integrity business. Pursuant to the Purchase Agreement, and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions specified therein, we will sell our Software Integrity business to the Buyer (the Software Integrity Divestiture) for a purchase price of up to $2.1 billion in cash, comprised of: (i) $1.5 billion, payable at closing; (ii) $125 million, payable in equal installments over five fiscal quarters beginning on the first business day after the 75th day of our first full fiscal quarter following the closing, subject to acceleration at our option prior to the closing of our pending acquisition of ANSYS, Inc. (Ansys); and (iii) up to $475 million, payable upon the Sponsors achieving a specified rate of return in the event of one or more potential liquidity transactions.

The Software Integrity Divestiture, which was unanimously approved by our Board of Directors, is currently expected to close in the second half of 2024, subject to customary closing conditions including the receipt of required regulatory approvals.

Management believes that the Software Integrity Divestiture has met the criteria to be disclosed as discontinued operations as it represents a significant strategic shift that has a major effect on our operations and financial results. The results of the Software Integrity business are presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of income and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. Further, we reclassified the assets and liabilities of the Software Integrity business as assets and liabilities held for sale in the condensed consolidated statements of balance sheets for all periods presented. The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows are presented on a consolidated basis for both continuing operations and discontinued operations. We did not allocate any general corporate overhead to the Software Integrity business. Unless otherwise noted, reference within these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements relates to continuing operations.

The financial results of the Software Integrity business are presented as income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes on our condensed consolidated statements of income. The following table presents the major components of financial results of our Software Integrity business for the periods presented:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Revenue			$	127,917					$	132,898					$	392,579					$	392,860
Cost of revenue			40,279						47,050						136,010						145,188
Operating expenses			91,854						90,450						262,745						258,008
Interest and other income (expense), net			605						324						1,601						722
Income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes			(3,611)						(4,278)						(4,575)						(9,614)
Income tax provisions (benefits)			14,202						(4,822)						8,580						(9,318)
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of income taxes			$	(17,813)					$	544					$	(13,155)					$	(296)

As of July 31, 2024, the assets and liabilities of our Software Integrity business are classified as current in our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as it is probable that the sale will occur within one year. The following table represents the aggregated carrying amounts of classes of assets and liabilities that are classified as discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented:

			July 31, 2024
			(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	17,441
Accounts receivable, net			78,930
Prepaid and other assets			48,550
Property and equipment, net			6,373
Operating lease right-of use assets, net			6,646
Goodwill			724,294
Intangible assets, net			119,141
Deferred income taxes			26,327
Total current assets held for sale			$	1,027,702
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			$	91,874
Operating lease liabilities			5,626
Deferred revenue			233,794
Total current liabilities held for sale			$	331,294

			October 31, 2023
			(in thousands)
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	4,947
Accounts receivable, net			90,307
Prepaid and other current assets			19,400
Total current assets held for sale			$	114,654
Property and equipment, net			$	7,424
Operating lease right-of use assets, net			8,906
Goodwill			724,271
Intangible assets, net			134,617
Deferred income taxes			7,388
Other long-term assets			26,153
Total long-term assets held for sale			$	908,759
Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities			$	63,847
Operating lease liabilities			5,858
Deferred revenue			216,539
Total current liabilities held for sale			$	286,244
Long-term operating lease liabilities			$	4,349
Long-term deferred revenue			24,301
Other long-term liabilities			4,607
Total long-term liabilities held for sale			$	33,257

The following table presents significant non-cash items and capital expenditures of discontinued operations for the periods presented:

			Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Amortization and depreciation			$	16,317					$	37,495
Reduction of operating lease right-of-use assets			$	2,162					$	3,481
Amortization of capitalized costs to obtain revenue contracts			$	20,808					$	21,398
Stock-based compensation			$	47,476					$	37,495
Deferred income taxes			$	18,939					$	7,388
Purchases of property and equipment			$	972					$	2,351

Note 4. Pending Acquisition of Ansys

On January 15, 2024, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the Merger Agreement) to acquire all of the outstanding shares of Ansys, a provider of broad engineering simulation and analysis software and services, in a cash-and-stock transaction (the Ansys Merger) that values Ansys at approximately $35.0 billion, based on the closing price of Synopsys common stock on December 21, 2023.

Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the Ansys Merger (the Effective Time), each share of Ansys common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time (with certain exceptions set forth in the Merger Agreement) will be converted into the right to receive 0.3450 (the Exchange Ratio) of a share of Synopsys common stock and $197.00 in cash, without interest. The Merger Agreement also provides for Synopsys’ assumption of certain outstanding Ansys options and other unvested Ansys equity awards held by continuing Ansys

employees. If the stock consideration to be issued by Synopsys in connection with the Ansys Merger exceeds 19.9999% of the shares of Synopsys common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the Effective Time, the Exchange Ratio will be reduced to the minimum extent necessary to ensure that the aggregate number of shares of Synopsys common stock to be issued in connection with the Ansys Merger does not exceed such threshold, and the cash consideration will be correspondingly increased to offset such adjustment.

The Ansys Merger was approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of Ansys common stock on May 22, 2024 and is anticipated to close in the first half of calendar year 2025. The Ansys Merger is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions, including the expiration or termination of the waiting period under the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvement Act of 1976, as amended, the clearance of the Ansys Merger under certain other antitrust and foreign investment regimes, and the continued effectiveness of the registration statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-277912) filed by us on March 14, 2024 and declared effective by the SEC on April 17, 2024. We and Ansys each have termination rights under the Merger Agreement. A fee of $1.5 billion may be payable by us to Ansys, or a fee of $950.0 million may be payable by Ansys to us, upon termination of the Merger Agreement under specified circumstances, each as more fully described in the Merger Agreement.

In connection with the execution of the Merger Agreement, we entered into a commitment letter on January 15, 2024 (the Bridge Commitment Letter) with certain financial institutions that committed to provide, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, a senior unsecured bridge facility (the Bridge Commitment). The Bridge Commitment currently provides for an aggregate principal amount of up to $11.7 billion. On February 13, 2024, we entered into a term loan facility credit agreement (the Term Loan Agreement), which provides us with the ability to borrow up to $4.3 billion at the closing of the Ansys Merger, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions for similar facilities, for the purpose of financing a portion of the cash consideration to be paid in the Ansys Merger and paying related fees and expenses in connection with the Ansys Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement. See Note 11. Bridge Commitment Letter, Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the Bridge Commitment and the Term Loan Agreement.

Note 5. Business Combinations

During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, we completed three acquisitions for aggregate purchase consideration of $159.3 million, net of cash acquired. The purchase consideration was allocated as follows: $78.9 million to identifiable intangible assets, $97.5 million to goodwill, and $17.1 million to net tangible liabilities. The total purchase consideration is preliminary, and as additional information becomes available, we may further revise it during the remainder of the measurement period, which will not exceed 12 months from the closing of the acquisition. The goodwill recognized from these acquisitions, of which $62.7 million was attributable to the Design Automation reporting unit and $34.8 million was attributable to the Design IP reporting unit, was not deductible for income tax purposes.

We have included the financial results of these acquisitions in our condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of each acquisition. These results were not material to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Transaction costs were $53.0 million and $110.2 million during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, respectively. Transaction costs were $4.8 million and $9.8 million during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively. These costs mainly consisted of professional fees and administrative costs for closed and pending acquisitions and were expensed as incurred in our condensed consolidated statements of income.

Note 6. Revenue

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table shows the percentage of revenue by product groups:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
EDA			66.9		%				71.8		%				66.8		%				71.3		%
Design IP			30.4		%				25.9		%				30.9		%				26.7		%
Other			2.7		%				2.3		%				2.3		%				2.0		%
Total			100.0		%				100.0		%				100.0		%				100.0		%

Contract Balances

The contract assets indicated below are presented as prepaid and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract assets are transferred to receivables when the rights to invoice and receive payment become unconditional. Unbilled receivables are presented as accounts receivable, net, in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Contract balances are as follows:

			As of
			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
			(in thousands)
Contract assets, net			$	693,874					$	375,904
Unbilled receivables			$	33,603					$	60,016
Deferred revenue			$	1,675,884					$	1,710,288

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, we recognized revenue of $216.8 million and $1.3 billion, respectively, that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of October 31, 2023, including previously unfulfilled contracts that have expired and are no longer subject to an implied promise to provide future services.

Contracted but unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations (backlog) were approximately $7.9 billion as of July 31, 2024, which includes $1.2 billion in non-cancellable Flexible Spending Account (FSA) commitments from customers where actual product selection and quantities of specific products or services are to be determined by customers at a later date. We have elected to exclude future sales-based royalty payments from the remaining performance obligations. Approximately 40% of the backlog as of July 31, 2024, excluding non-cancellable FSA, is expected to be recognized as revenue over the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter. The majority of the remaining backlog is expected to be recognized in the following three years.

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, we recognized $21.1 million and $73.9 million, respectively, from performance obligations satisfied from sales-based royalties earned during the periods. During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, we recognized $24.2 million and $75.8 million, respectively, from performance obligations satisfied from sales-based royalties earned during the periods.

Costs of Obtaining a Contract with Customer

Capitalized commission costs, net of accumulated amortization, as of July 31, 2024 were $70.5 million and are included in other long-term assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Amortization of these assets was $12.6 million and $36.3 million during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024, respectively, and are included in sales and marketing expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. Amortization of these assets was $14.0 million and $40.3 million during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2023, respectively, and are included in sales and marketing expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income.

Note 7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the nine months ended July 31, 2024 are as follows:

			(in thousands)
Balance at October 31, 2023			$	3,346,065
Additions			97,521
Adjustments			173
Effect of foreign currency translation			590
Balance at July 31, 2024			$	3,444,349

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets as of July 31, 2024 consist of the following:

			Gross Carrying Amount						Accumulated Amortization						Net Amount
			(in thousands)
Core/developed technology			$	904,381					$	711,119					$	193,262
Customer relationships			314,154						242,955						71,199
Contract rights intangible			176,343						174,724						1,619
Trademarks and trade names			12,925						12,913						12
Total			$	1,407,803					$	1,141,711					$	266,092

Intangible assets as of October 31, 2023 consist of the following:

			Gross Carrying Amount						Accumulated Amortization						Net Amount
			(in thousands)
Core/developed technology			$	842,448					$	672,480					$	169,968
Customer relationships			296,883						231,557						65,326
Contract rights intangible			175,747						171,487						4,260
Trademarks and trade names			12,925						12,902						23
Capitalized software development costs			50,795						50,795						—
Total			$	1,378,798					$	1,139,221					$	239,577

Amortization expense related to intangible assets consists of the following:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Core/developed technology			$	13,447					$	10,436					$	38,373					$	31,427
Customer relationships			4,058						2,011						11,467						5,945
Contract rights intangible			1,063						558						3,465						1,257
Trademarks and trade names			4						3						12						3
Capitalized software development costs(1)			—						557						—						1,626
Total			$	18,572					$	13,565					$	53,317					$	40,258

(1) Amortization of capitalized software development costs is included in cost of products revenue in the condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following table presents the estimated future amortization of acquired intangible assets as of July 31, 2024:

Fiscal year			(in thousands)
Remainder of fiscal 2024			$	17,344
2025			62,103
2026			51,778
2027			46,831
2028			32,099
2029 and thereafter			55,937
Total			$	266,092

Note 8. Balance Sheet Components

			As of
			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
			(in thousands)
Other long-term assets:
Deferred compensation plan assets			$	373,306					$	297,180
Capitalized commission, net			70,532						67,240
Other			135,935						80,400
Total			$	579,773					$	444,820
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Payroll and related benefits			$	530,948					$	531,848
Accrued income taxes			3,172						226,762
Other accrued liabilities			144,316						146,696
Accounts payable			78,547						154,608
Total			$	756,983					$	1,059,914
Other long-term liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities			$	373,306					$	297,180
Other			91,927						84,351
Total			$	465,233					$	381,531

Note 9. Financial Assets and Liabilities

Cash Equivalents and Short-term Investments

As of July 31, 2024, the balances of our cash equivalents and short-term investments are as follows:

			Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses Less Than 12 Continuous Months						Gross Unrealized Losses 12 Continuous Months or Longer						Estimated Fair Value**(1)**
			(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds			$	44,537					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	44,537
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			7,445						1						—						—						7,446
Total:			$	51,982					$	1					$	—					$	—					$	51,983
Short-term investments:
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			$	18,250					$	61					$	—					$	(9)					$	18,302
Corporate debt securities			104,267						528						(13)						(24)						104,758
Asset-backed securities			31,237						164						(2)						(28)						31,371
Total:			$	153,754					$	753					$	(15)					$	(61)					$	154,431

*(1)*See Note 10. Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on fair values.

The contractual maturities of our available-for-sale debt securities as of July 31, 2024 are as follows:

			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
			(in thousands)
less than 1 year			$	61,373					$	61,426
1-5 years			87,412						88,022
5-10 years			3,066						3,084
>10 years			1,903						1,899
Total			$	153,754					$	154,431

As of October 31, 2023, the balances of our cash equivalents and short-term investments are as follows:

			Amortized Cost						Gross Unrealized Gains						Gross Unrealized Losses Less Than 12 Continuous Months						Gross Unrealized Losses 12 Continuous Months or Longer						Estimated Fair Value**(1)**
			(in thousands)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds			$	10,129					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	10,129
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			2,994						—						—						—						2,994
Total:			$	13,123					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	13,123
Short-term investments:
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			$	15,752					$	—					$	(61)					$	(2)					$	15,689
Municipal bonds			515						—						—						(16)						499
Corporate debt securities			103,213						13						(455)						(396)						102,375
Asset-backed securities			33,245						21						(93)						(97)						33,076
Total:			$	152,725					$	34					$	(609)					$	(511)					$	151,639

*(1)*See Note 10. Fair Value Measurements for further discussion on fair values.

Restricted cash. We include amounts generally described as restricted cash in cash and cash equivalents when reconciling beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Restricted cash is primarily associated with office leases and employee loan programs.

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

			As of
			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
			(in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents			$	1,839,815					$	1,433,966
Restricted cash included in prepaid and other current assets			1,536						1,549
Restricted cash included in other long-term assets			694						725
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash			$	1,842,045					$	1,436,240
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash from discontinued operations			17,441						4,947
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, including cash from discontinued operations			$	1,859,486					$	1,441,187

Non-marketable equity securities. Our portfolio of non-marketable equity securities consists of strategic investments in privately held companies. In November 2023, we completed the sale of strategic investments in privately-held companies. The gain recognized from the sales was $55.1 million and included in interest and other income (expense), net, in our condensed consolidated statements of income. There were no material impairments of non-marketable equity securities during the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023.

Derivatives

We recognize derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value and provide qualitative and quantitative disclosures about such derivatives. We operate internationally and are exposed to potentially adverse movements in foreign currency exchange rates. We enter into hedges in the form of foreign currency forward contracts to reduce our exposure to foreign currency rate changes on non-functional currency denominated forecasted transactions and balance sheet positions including: (1) certain assets and liabilities, (2) shipments forecasted to occur within approximately one month, (3) future billings and revenue on previously shipped orders, and (4) certain future intercompany invoices denominated in foreign currencies.

The duration of forward contracts, the majority of which are short-term, ranges from approximately 2 months to 29 months at inception. We do not use foreign currency forward contracts for speculative or trading purposes. We enter into foreign exchange forward contracts with high credit quality financial institutions that are rated "A" or above and to date have not experienced nonperformance by counterparties. In addition, we mitigate credit risk in derivative transactions by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty and anticipate continued performance by all counterparties to such agreements.

The assets or liabilities associated with the forward contracts are recorded at fair value in other current assets or accrued liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The accounting for gains and losses resulting from changes in fair value depends on the use of the foreign currency forward contract and whether it is designated and qualifies for hedge accounting. The cash flow impact upon settlement of the derivative contracts is included in net cash provided by operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.

Cash Flow Hedging Activities

Certain foreign exchange forward contracts are designated and qualify as cash flow hedges. These contracts have durations of approximately 29 months or less. Certain forward contracts are rolled over periodically to capture the full length of exposure to our foreign currency risk, which can be up to three years. To receive hedge accounting treatment, all hedging relationships are formally documented at the inception of the hedge, and the hedges must be highly effective in offsetting changes to future cash flows on the hedged transactions. The related gains or losses resulting from changes in fair value of these hedges is initially reported, net of tax, as a component of other comprehensive income (loss) (OCI) in stockholders’ equity and reclassified into revenue or operating expenses, as appropriate, at the time the hedged transactions affect earnings. We expect a majority of the hedge balance in OCI to be reclassified to the statements of income within the next 12 months.

We did not record any gains or losses related to discontinuation of cash flow hedges during the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023.

Non-designated Hedging Activities

Our foreign exchange forward contracts that are used to hedge non-functional currency denominated balance sheet assets and liabilities are not designated as hedging instruments. Accordingly, any gains or losses from changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are recorded in interest and other income (expense), net. The gains and losses on these forward contracts generally offset the gains and losses associated with the underlying assets and liabilities, which are also recorded in interest and other income (expense), net. The duration of the forward contracts for hedging our balance sheet exposure is approximately one month.

We also have certain foreign exchange forward contracts for hedging certain international revenues and expenses that are not designated as hedging instruments. Accordingly, any gains or losses from changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are recorded in interest and other income (expense), net. The gains and losses on these forward contracts generally offset the gains and losses associated with the foreign currency in operating income. The duration of these forward contracts is usually less than one year. The overall goal of our hedging program is to minimize the impact of currency fluctuations on the net income over the fiscal year.

The effects of the non-designated derivative instruments on the condensed consolidated statements of income are summarized as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Gains (losses) recorded in Interest and other income (expense), net			$	955					$	(1,205)					$	(110)					$	3,532

The notional amounts in the table below for derivative instruments provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding:

			As of
			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
			(in thousands)
Total gross notional amounts			$	1,816,755					$	1,666,758
Net fair value			$	5,768					$	(2,308)

Our exposure to the market gains or losses will vary over time as a function of currency exchange rates. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.

The following table represents the condensed consolidated balance sheets location and amount of derivative instrument fair values segregated between designated and non-designated hedge instruments:

			Fair values of derivative instruments designated as hedging instruments						Fair values of derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments
			(in thousands)
Balance at July 31, 2024
Other current assets			$	13,655					$	820
Accrued liabilities			$	7,498					$	1,209
Balance at October 31, 2023
Other current assets			$	12,962					$	491
Accrued liabilities			$	14,665					$	1,096

The following table represents the location of the amount of gains and losses on derivative instrument fair values for designated hedge instruments, net of tax in the condensed consolidated statements of income:

			Location of gains (losses) recognized in OCI on derivatives						Amount of gains (losses) recognized in OCI on derivatives (effective portion)						Location of gains (losses) reclassified from OCI						Amount of gains (losses) reclassified from OCI (effective portion)
			(in thousands)
Three months ended July 31, 2024
Foreign exchange contracts			Revenue						$	4,501					Revenue						$	2,689
Foreign exchange contracts			Operating expenses						(320)						Operating expenses						(611)
Total									$	4,181											$	2,078
Three months ended July 31, 2023
Foreign exchange contracts			Revenue						$	899					Revenue						$	(1,352)
Foreign exchange contracts			Operating expenses						5,008						Operating expenses						(3,898)
Total									$	5,907											$	(5,250)
Nine months ended July 31, 2024
Foreign exchange contracts			Revenue						$	1,936					Revenue						$	(1,593)
Foreign exchange contracts			Operating expenses						5,720						Operating expenses						(763)
Total									$	7,656											$	(2,356)
Nine months ended July 31, 2023
Foreign exchange contracts			Revenue						$	7,315					Revenue						$	(10,856)
Foreign exchange contracts			Operating expenses						36,174						Operating expenses						(12,025)
Total									$	43,489											$	(22,881)

Note 10. Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820-10, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes guidelines and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The accounting guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The accounting guidance also establishes a fair value hierarchy based on the independence of the source and objective evidence of the inputs used. There are three fair value hierarchies based upon the level of inputs that are significant to fair value measurement:

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical instruments in active markets;

Level 2—Observable inputs other than quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets, quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in inactive markets, and model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets; and

Level 3—Unobservable inputs derived from fair valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable.

On a recurring basis, we measure the fair value of certain assets and liabilities, which include cash equivalents, short-term investments, non-qualified deferred compensation plan assets, and foreign currency derivative contracts.

Our cash equivalents and short-term investments are classified within Level 1 or Level 2 because they are valued using quoted market prices in an active market or alternative independent pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.

Our non-qualified deferred compensation plan assets consist of money market and mutual funds invested in domestic and international marketable securities that are directly observable in active markets and are therefore classified within Level 1.

Our foreign currency derivative contracts are classified within Level 2 because these contracts are not actively traded, and the valuation inputs are based on quoted prices and market observable data of similar instruments.

Our borrowings under our credit and term loan facilities are classified within Level 2 because these borrowings are not actively traded and have a variable interest rate structure based upon market rates currently available to us for debt with similar terms and maturities. See Note 11. Bridge Commitment Letter, Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on these borrowings.

Assets/Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below as of July 31, 2024:

									Fair Value Measurement Using
Description			Total						Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
			(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds			$	44,537					44,537						$	—					$	—
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			7,446						—						7,446						—
Short-term investments:
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			18,302						—						18,302						—
Corporate debt securities			104,758						—						104,758						—
Asset-backed securities			31,371						—						31,371						—
Prepaid and other current assets:
Foreign currency derivative contracts			14,475						—						14,475						—
Other long-term assets:
Deferred compensation plan assets			373,306						373,306						—						—
Total assets			$	594,195					$	417,843					$	176,352					$	—
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts			$	8,707					$	—					$	8,707					$	—
Other long-term liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities			373,306						373,306						—						—
Total liabilities			$	382,013					$	373,306					$	8,707					$	—

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below as of October 31, 2023:

									Fair Value Measurement Using
Description			Total						Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)						Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)						Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
			(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds			$	10,129					$	10,129					$	—					$	—
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			2,994						—						2,994						—
Short-term investments:
U.S. Treasury, agency & T-bills			15,689						—						15,689						—
Municipal bonds			499						—						499						—
Corporate debt securities			102,375						—						102,375						—
Asset-backed securities			33,076						—						33,076						—
Prepaid and other current assets:
Foreign currency derivative contracts			13,453						—						13,453						—
Other long-term assets:
Deferred compensation plan assets			297,180						297,180						—						—
Total assets			$	475,395					$	307,309					$	168,086					$	—
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities:
Foreign currency derivative contracts			$	15,761					$	—					$	15,761					$	—
Other long-term liabilities:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities			297,180						297,180						—						—
Total liabilities			$	312,941					$	297,180					$	15,761					$	—

Assets/Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

Non-marketable equity securities are classified within Level 3 as they are valued using a combination of observable transaction price and unobservable inputs or data in an inactive market due to the absence of market price and inherent lack of liquidity.

Note 11. Bridge Commitment Letter, Term Loan and Revolving Credit Facilities

On January 15, 2024, we entered into the Bridge Commitment Letter with certain financial institutions that committed to provide, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, the Bridge Commitment. The Bridge Commitment currently provides for an aggregate principal amount of up to $11.7 billion. The proceeds of any borrowing under the Bridge Commitment will be used for the purpose of financing a portion of the cash consideration to be paid in the Ansys Merger and paying related fees and expenses in connection with the Ansys Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

The commitments to provide the Bridge Commitment may be terminated in whole or reduced in part, at our discretion. In addition, the Bridge Commitment Letter provides that net cash proceeds received from certain debt and equity issuances or the sale of certain businesses and assets, including the pending Software Integrity Divestiture, as well as term loan commitments under certain qualifying term loan facilities, will result in mandatory commitment reductions under the Bridge Commitment.

On February 13, 2024, we entered into the Term Loan Agreement in connection with the financing of the pending Ansys Merger. The Term Loan Agreement provides us with the ability to borrow up to $4.3 billion at the closing of the Ansys Merger, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions for similar facilities, for the purpose of financing a portion of the cash consideration to be paid in the Ansys Merger and paying related fees and expenses in connection with the Ansys Merger and the other transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement.

The Term Loan Agreement provides for two tranches of senior unsecured term loans: a $1.45 billion tranche (Tranche 1) that matures two years after funding and a $2.85 billion tranche (Tranche 2) that matures three years after funding. There was no outstanding balance under the Term Loan Agreement as of July 31, 2024.

The Term Loan Agreement contains a financial covenant requiring that Synopsys maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio commencing the last day of the first fiscal quarter ending on or after the completion of the Ansys Merger, as well as other non-financial covenants. Under the Term Loan Agreement, borrowings will bear interest on the principal amount outstanding at a floating rate based on, at Synopsys’ election, (i) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) plus an applicable margin based on the credit ratings of Synopsys ranging from 0.875% to 1.375% (in the case of Tranche 1) or 1.000% to 1.500% (in the case of Tranche 2) or (ii) the ABR (as defined in the Term Loan Agreement) plus an applicable margin based on the credit ratings of Synopsys ranging from 0.000% to 0.375% (in the case of Tranche 1) or 0.000% to 0.500% (in the case of Tranche 2).

On May 14, 2024, a ticking fee began to accrue under the Term Loan Agreement in an amount equal to a rate per annum equal to 0.10% times the actual daily undrawn portion of the commitments in respect of the term loan facility. This ticking fee will accrue until the earlier of (i) termination or expiration of the commitments under the term loan facility or (ii) the funding of the commitments, at which point the accrued amount of the ticking fee will become payable.

On February 13, 2024, we entered into a Sixth Amendment Agreement (the Sixth Amendment), which amended and restated our previous revolving credit agreement, dated as of December 14, 2022 (as amended and restated, the Revolving Credit Agreement).

The Revolving Credit Agreement provides an unsecured $850.0 million committed multicurrency revolving credit facility and an unsecured uncommitted incremental revolving loan facility of up to $150.0 million. The maturity date of the revolving credit facility is December 14, 2027, which may be extended at our option.

Under the Sixth Amendment, certain amendments became effective on February 13, 2024 and certain additional amendments will become effective upon the completion of the Ansys Merger. Upon the effective date, the Sixth Amendment amended the financial covenant to allow netting of the cash proceeds of certain debt incurred to finance the Ansys Merger as well as certain other modifications set forth therein. Upon the completion of the Ansys Merger, the Sixth Amendment, among other things: (i) amends the applicable margin used to determine the interest that accrues on loans and the facility fee payable under the revolving credit facility to be based on our credit ratings, (ii) amends the financial covenant thresholds under the financial covenant in the Revolving Credit Agreement requiring us to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and (iii) amends certain conditions to borrowing, other non-financial covenants and events of default.

The Revolving Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant requiring us to maintain a maximum consolidated leverage ratio, as well as other non-financial covenants. As of July 31, 2024, we were in compliance with the financial covenant.

Interest accrues on dollar-denominated loans at a floating rate based on, at Synopsys’ election, (i) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin or (ii) the ABR (as defined in the Revolving Credit Agreement) plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin for Adjusted Term SOFR Rate based loans ranges from 0.785% to 0.975%, based upon Synopsys’ consolidated leverage ratio. The applicable margin for ABR based loans is 0.000%. In addition to the interest on any outstanding loans, Synopsys is also required to pay a facility fee on the entire portion of the revolving credit facility ranging from 0.09% to 0.15% based on Synopsys’ consolidated leverage ratio on the daily amount of the revolving commitment.

Subject to the completion of the Ansys Merger, interest under the Revolving Credit Agreement will accrue on dollar-denominated loans at a floating rate based on, at Synopsys’ election, (i) the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate plus an applicable margin based on our credit ratings ranging from 0.795% to 1.200% or (ii) the ABR plus an applicable margin based on our credit ratings ranging from 0.000% to 0.200%. In addition to the interest on any outstanding loans, Synopsys will also be required to pay a facility fee on the entire portion of the revolving credit facility ranging from 0.080% to 0.175% based on the credit ratings of Synopsys on the daily amount of the revolving commitment.

There was no outstanding balance under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of July 31, 2024 and October 31, 2023.

In July 2018, we entered into a 12-year 220.0 million Renminbi (approximately $33.0 million) credit agreement with a lender in China to support our facilities expansion. Borrowings bear interest at a floating rate based on the 5-year Loan Prime Rate plus 0.74%. As of July 31, 2024, we had $15.6 million outstanding balance under the agreement.

The carrying amount of the short-term and long-term debt approximates the estimated fair value.

Note 12. Leases

We have operating lease arrangements for office space, data center, equipment and other corporate assets. These leases have various expiration dates through December 31, 2042, some of which include options to extend the leases for up to 10 years. Because we are not reasonably certain to exercise these renewal options, the options are not considered in determining the lease term and associated potential option payments are excluded from lease payments.

The components of our lease expense during the period presented are as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Operating lease expense (1)			$	23,800					$	22,018					$	67,848					$	68,165
Variable lease expense (2)			5,182						5,622						16,761						14,684
Total lease expense			$	28,982					$	27,640					$	84,609					$	82,849

(1) Operating lease expense includes immaterial amounts of short-term leases, net of sublease income.

(2) Variable lease expense includes payments to lessors that are not fixed or determinable at lease commencement date. These payments primarily consist of maintenance, property taxes, insurance and variable indexed based payments.

Supplemental cash flow information during the period presented is as follows:

			Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities(1)			$	74,715					$	66,556
ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities(2)			$	64,790					$	81,027

(1) Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities included cash from discontinued operations of $4.3 million and $4.3 million for the periods presented.

(2) ROU assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities included ROU assets from discontinued operations of $0.7 million and $1.4 million for the periods presented.

Lease term and discount rate information related to our operating leases as of the end of the period presented are as follows:

			As of
			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
Weighted-average remaining lease term (in years)			7.77						8.44
Weighted-average discount rate			2.76		%				2.50		%

The following table represents the maturities of our future lease payments due under operating leases as of July 31, 2024:

			Lease Payments
Fiscal year			(in thousands)
Remainder of fiscal 2024			$	20,499
2025			112,496
2026			106,262
2027			103,600
2028			88,298
2029 and thereafter			304,542
Total future minimum lease payments			735,697
Less: Imputed interest			77,421
Total lease liabilities			$	658,276

In addition, certain facilities owned by us were leased to third parties under non-cancellable operating lease agreements. These leases have annual escalating payments and have expiration dates through March 31, 2031 in accordance with the terms and conditions of the existing agreement. The lease receipts from owned facilities, including sublease income from other facilities leased by us, due to us as of July 31, 2024 are as follows:

			Lease Receipts
Fiscal year			(in thousands)
Remainder of fiscal 2024			$	6,357
2025			25,351
2026			26,230
2027			27,376
2028			27,557
2029 and thereafter			56,491
Total			$	169,362

Note 13. Redeemable Non-controlling Interest

During the second quarter of fiscal 2022, we acquired a 75% equity interest in OpenLight Photonics, Inc. (OpenLight) for cash consideration of $90.0 million. The remaining 25% equity interest in OpenLight is held by Juniper Networks, Inc. (the Minority Investor) from their contribution of IP and certain tangible assets.

The agreement with the Minority Investor contains redemption features whereby the interest held by the Minority Investor is redeemable either (1) at the option of the Minority Investor on or after the third anniversary of the acquisition or sooner in certain circumstances or (2) at our option beginning on the third anniversary of the acquisition. This option is exercisable at the greater of fair value at the time of redemption or $30.0 million and was valued at $10.1 million, resulting in a total consideration of $100.1 million.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, our ownership interest in OpenLight was reduced to 71% as a result of the recognition of non-controlling interest upon issuance of OpenLight stock.

During the nine months ended July 31, 2024, OpenLight incurred a net loss of $28.9 million, of which $6.9 million was attributable to redeemable non-controlling interest. As of July 31, 2024, the carrying value of the redeemable non-controlling interest was recorded at its estimated fair value of $31.0 million in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), on an after-tax basis where applicable, are as follows:

			As of
			July 31, 2024						October 31, 2023
			(in thousands)
Cumulative currency translation adjustments			$	(165,578)					$	(170,104)
Unrealized gains (losses) on derivative instruments, net of taxes			(15,212)						(25,224)
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes			678						(1,086)
Total			$	(180,112)					$	(196,414)

The effect of amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net income is as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Reclassifications:
Gains (losses) on cash flow hedges, net of taxes
Revenues			$	2,689					$	(1,352)					$	(1,593)					$	(10,856)
Operating expenses			(611)						(3,898)						(763)						(12,025)
Total			$	2,078					$	(5,250)					$	(2,356)					$	(22,881)

Amounts reclassified during the nine months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023 primarily consisted of gains (losses) from our cash flow hedging activities. See Note 9. Financial Assets and Liabilities of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 15. Stock Repurchase Program

In fiscal 2022, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program (the Program) with authorization to purchase up to $1.5 billion of our common stock. As of July 31, 2024, $194.3 million remained available for future repurchases under the Program. However, in connection with the pending Ansys Merger, we have suspended the Program until we are able to reduce our expected debt levels.

Stock repurchase activities as well as the reissuance of treasury stock for employee stock-based compensation purposes are as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023**(1)(2)**						2024**(3)**						2023(1)
			(in thousands)
Total shares repurchased			—						751						74						2,382
Total cost of the repurchased shares			$	—					$	300,000					$	45,000					$	860,724
Reissuance of treasury stock			409						625						1,634						2,132

(1) Excluded the 41,682 shares and $45.0 million equity forward contract from the May 2023 Accelerated Stock Repurchase program (ASR) settled in August 2023.

(2) Included the 105,792 shares and $45.0 million equity forward contract from the February 2023 ASR settled in May 2023.

(3) Included the 73,903 shares and $45.0 million equity forward contract from the August 2023 ASR settled in November 2023.

Note 16. Stock-Based Compensation

The compensation cost recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income for our stock compensation arrangements is as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Cost of products			$	14,645					$	12,787					$	44,824					$	38,149
Cost of maintenance and service			9,677						7,765						28,126						22,451
Research and development expense			89,279						72,784						269,087						211,664
Sales and marketing expense			30,251						23,697						91,811						68,094
General and administrative expense			20,502						14,463						58,702						44,096
Stock-based compensation expense from continuing operations before taxes			164,354						131,496						492,550						384,454
Stock-based compensation expense from discontinued operations before taxes			17,185						12,968						47,476						37,495
Total stock-based compensation expense before taxes			181,539						144,464						540,026						421,949
Income tax benefit			(29,972)						(23,172)						(89,158)						(67,681)
Stock-based compensation expense after taxes			$	151,567					$	121,292					$	450,868					$	354,268

During the three and nine months ended July 31, 2024 and 2023, we recognized stock-based compensation expense relating to restricted stock units (RSUs) granted to senior executives with certain market, performance and service conditions (market-based RSUs). The grant date fair value of the market-based RSUs and the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation model to determine the grant date fair value during the periods were as follows:

									Nine Months Ended July 31,
															2024						2023
Expected life (in years)															2.89 years						0.90 years - 2.70 years
Risk-free interest rate															4.41%						4.36% - 4.63%
Volatility															34.03%						35.84% - 42.86%
Grant date fair value															$600.29						$357.29 - $408.55

As of July 31, 2024, we had $1.3 billion of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense from continuing and discontinued operations relating to options, RSUs and restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.3 years. As of July 31, 2024, we had $70.3 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense from continuing and discontinued operations relating to our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 2.0 years.

The intrinsic values of equity awards exercised from continuing and discontinued operations during the periods are as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Intrinsic value of awards exercised			$	90,973					$	94,116					$	166,993					$	212,339

Note 17. Net Income (Loss) Per Share

We compute basic net income (loss) per share by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share reflects the dilution from potential common shares outstanding such as stock options and unvested RSUs and awards during the period using the treasury stock method.

The table below reconciles the weighted average common shares used to calculate basic net income (loss) per share with the weighted average common shares used to calculate diluted net income (loss) per share:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands, except per share amounts)
Numerator:
Net income from continuing operations attributed to Synopsys			$	425,868					$	335,708					$	1,162,429					$	880,994
Net income (loss) from discontinued operations attributed to Synopsys			(17,813)						544						(13,155)						(296)
Net income attributed to Synopsys			$	408,055					$	336,252					$	1,149,274					$	880,698
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares for basic net income per share			153,417						152,023						152,885						152,204
Dilutive effect of common share equivalents from equity-based compensation			2,714						2,924						2,978						2,915
Weighted average common shares for diluted net income per share			156,131						154,947						155,863						155,119
Net income (loss) per share attributed to Synopsys - basic:
Continuing operations			$	2.78					$	2.21					$	7.60					$	5.79
Discontinued operations			$	(0.12)					$	—					$	(0.08)					$	—
Basic net income per share			$	2.66					$	2.21					$	7.52					$	5.79
Net income (loss) per share attributed to Synopsys - diluted:
Continuing operations			$	2.73					$	2.17					$	7.46					$	5.68
Discontinued operations			$	(0.12)					$	—					$	(0.09)					$	—
Diluted net income per share			$	2.61					$	2.17					$	7.37					$	5.68
Anti-dilutive employee stock-based awards excluded			211						289						203						454

Note 18. Segment Disclosure

Segment reporting is based upon the “management approach,” i.e., how management organizes our operating segments for which separate financial information is (1) available and (2) evaluated regularly by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our CODM is our CEO.

We have two reportable segments: (1) Design Automation, which includes our advanced silicon design, verification products and services, system integration products and services, digital, custom and field programmable gate array (FPGA) IC design software, verification software and hardware products, manufacturing software products and other; and (2) Design IP, which includes our Design IP products.

The financial information provided to and used by the CODM to assist in making operational decisions, allocating resources, and assessing performance includes consolidated financial information as well as revenue, adjusted operating income, and adjusted operating margin information for the Design Automation and Design IP segments, accompanied by disaggregated information relating to revenue by geographic region.

In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the results of the Software Integrity business are presented as discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of income and, as such, have been excluded from both continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented. See Note 3. Discontinued Operations of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Information by reportable segment is as follows:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Total Segments:
Revenue			$	1,525,749					$	1,354,390					$	4,491,450					$	3,850,631
Adjusted operating income			610,589						492,791						1,758,823						1,380,537
Adjusted operating margin			40		%				36		%				39		%				36		%
Design Automation:
Revenue			$	1,062,666					$	1,004,156					$	3,102,938					$	2,821,570
Adjusted operating income			440,864						410,023						1,218,574						1,102,837
Adjusted operating margin			41		%				41		%				39		%				39		%
Design IP:
Revenue			$	463,083					$	350,234					$	1,388,512					$	1,029,061
Adjusted operating income			169,725						82,768						540,249						277,700
Adjusted operating margin			37		%				24		%				39		%				27		%

Certain operating expenses are not allocated to the segments and are managed at a consolidated level. The unallocated expenses managed at a consolidated level, including amortization of acquired intangible assets, stock-based compensation, changes in the fair value of deferred compensation plan, restructuring charges, and acquisition/divestiture related items, are presented in the table below to provide a reconciliation of the total adjusted operating income from segments to our consolidated operating income from continuing operations:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Total segment adjusted operating income			$	610,589					$	492,791					$	1,758,823					$	1,380,537
Reconciling items:
Amortization of acquired intangible assets			(18,572)						(13,008)						(53,317)						(38,632)
Stock-based compensation expense			(164,354)						(131,496)						(492,550)						(384,454)
Deferred compensation plan			(25,780)						(21,492)						(76,276)						(44,123)
Restructuring charges			—						(21,879)						—						(54,439)
Acquisition/divestiture related items			(41,672)						(4,840)						(91,771)						(9,815)
Total operating income			$	360,211					$	300,076					$	1,044,909					$	849,074

The CODM does not use total assets by segment to evaluate segment performance or allocate resources. As a result, total assets by segment are not disclosed.

In allocating revenue to particular geographic areas, the CODM considers where individual “seats” or licenses to our products are located. Revenue is defined as revenue from external customers. Revenue related to operations in the United States and other geographic areas are:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Revenue:
United States			$	660,479					$	561,500					$	2,015,066					$	1,733,107
Europe			144,631						125,789						429,377						377,087
China			266,699						292,079						729,583						673,575
Korea			194,817						161,848						569,538						459,384
Other			259,123						213,174						747,886						607,478
Consolidated			$	1,525,749					$	1,354,390					$	4,491,450					$	3,850,631

Geographic revenue data for multi-regional, multi-product transactions reflect internal allocations and are therefore subject to certain assumptions and to our allocation methodology.

Note 19. Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

The following table presents the components of interest and other income (expense), net:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Interest income			$	15,717					$	11,877					$	40,508					$	26,875
Interest expense			(11,752)						(342)						(19,409)						(918)
Gains (losses) on assets related to deferred compensation plan			25,780						21,492						76,276						44,123
Foreign currency exchange gains (losses)			329						26						3,438						352
Gain on sale of strategic investments			—						—						55,077						—
Other, net			1,710						(7,569)						(9,820)						(17,801)
Total			$	31,784					$	25,484					$	146,070					$	52,631

Note 20. Income Taxes

Effective Tax Rate

We estimate our annual effective tax rate at the end of each fiscal quarter. The effective tax rate takes into account our estimations of annual pre-tax income, the geographic mix of pre-tax income and interpretations of tax laws and possible outcomes of audits.

The following table presents the provision for income taxes and the effective tax rates:

			Three Months Ended July 31,												Nine Months Ended July 31,
			2024						2023						2024						2023
			(in thousands)
Income before income taxes			$	391,995					$	325,560					$	1,190,979					$	901,705
Provision (benefit) for income taxes			$	(30,712)					$	(6,951)					$	37,634					$	29,779
Effective tax rate			(7.8)		%				(2.1)		%				3.2		%				3.3		%

Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2024, is lower than the statutory federal corporate tax rate of 21% primarily due to U.S. federal research tax credits, foreign-derived intangible income deduction, excess tax benefits from stock-based compensation, U.S. foreign tax credits, and tax benefits from a valuation allowance release against California research credits, partially offset by state taxes and the effect of non-deductible stock-based compensation.

Our effective tax rate decreased in the three months ended July 31, 2024, as compared to the same period in fiscal 2023, primarily due to the tax benefits recorded as a result of the valuation allowance release. Our effective tax rate for the nine months ended July 31, 2024 is consistent with the same period in fiscal 2023.

The timing of the resolution of income tax examinations, and the amounts and timing of various tax payments that are part of the settlement process, are highly uncertain. Variations in such amounts and/or timing could cause large fluctuations in the balance sheet classification of current and non-current assets and liabilities. We believe that in the coming 12 months, it is reasonably possible that either certain audits and ongoing tax litigation will conclude or the statute of limitations on certain state and foreign income and withholding taxes will expire, or both. Given the uncertainty as to ultimate settlement terms, the timing of payment and the impact of such settlements on other uncertain tax positions, the range of the estimated potential decrease in underlying unrecognized tax benefits is between $0 and $7.0 million.

Non-U.S. Examinations

Hungarian Tax Authority

In 2017, the Hungarian Tax Authority (the HTA) assessed withholding taxes of approximately $25.0 million and interest and penalties of $11.0 million against our Hungary subsidiary (Synopsys Hungary). Synopsys Hungary contested the assessment with the Hungarian Administrative Court (Administrative Court). In fiscal 2018, Synopsys Hungary paid the assessment. Following years of litigation, the Administrative Court issued its written decision in favor of Synopsys Hungary on May 17, 2023, and the HTA subsequently refunded Synopsys Hungary the tax, penalty and interest paid in fiscal 2018, as well as additional interest totaling $39.1 million (including foreign currency effects). During the third quarter of fiscal 2023, we released our unrecognized tax benefit and offsetting U.S. foreign tax credits, resulting in a net benefit of $23.8 million.

We are also under examination by the tax authorities in certain other jurisdictions. No material assessments have been proposed in these examinations.

Legislative Developments

Effective our fiscal 2024, we are subject to the new 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) enacted as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. We do not expect any impact of CAMT in fiscal 2024.

On January 31, 2024, the House of Representatives has passed the Tax Relief for American Families and Workers Act of 2024 (H.R. 7024) which would defer the requirement of capitalizing research and development, based in the United States, until tax years starting after December 31, 2025. The proposed legislation would have a beneficial impact on our cash tax liabilities, if enacted. The Senate rejected the bill in August 2024 and its future remains uncertain.

On June 27, 2024, California enacted SB-167, which suspends the use of California net operating loss and limits the use of California research tax credits to $5 million each year for our fiscal 2025-2027. On June 29, 2024, California enacted SB-175, which provides a refund mechanism for the incremental tax that was paid as a result of SB-167. We are evaluating the impact of the law change.

Note 21. Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

We are subject to routine legal proceedings, as well as demands, claims and threatened litigation that arise in the normal course of our business. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is often uncertain and unfavorable outcomes could have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition. We regularly review the status of each significant matter and assess our potential financial exposure. If the potential loss from any claim or legal proceeding is considered probable and the amount is estimable, we accrue a liability for the estimated loss. Legal proceedings are inherently uncertain and, as circumstances change, it is possible that the amount of any accrued liability may increase, decrease or be eliminated.

We have determined that, except as set forth below, no disclosure of estimated loss is required for a claim against us because: (1) there is not a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized (if any) may be incurred with respect to such claim; (2) a reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be estimated; or (3) such estimate is immaterial.

Legal Settlement

In March 2017, Siemens PLM Software (now Siemens Industry Software Inc. or SISW) acquired Mentor Graphics Corporation (Mentor). On June 29, 2018, we, SISW and Mentor settled all outstanding patent litigation between us and Mentor for a $65.0 million payment made from us to Mentor. As a result of the settlement, the litigation with Mentor was dismissed and the injunction entered in connection with that litigation was vacated. The settlement included mutual seven-year patent cross-licenses between us and SISW, and between us and Mentor. We and Mentor also amended an existing interoperability agreement to collaborate on a wide range of EDA products for the benefit of our mutual customers (the interoperability amendment). The interoperability amendment includes a one-time termination charge between $0.0 and $25.0 million, payable to SISW under certain conditions. Mentor no longer exists as an independent entity and is succeeded by SISW.

In June 2024, the parties extended the existing patent cross-license to December 31, 2031, and entered into a new cross-license of patents related to certain computer-aided engineering technology. The new cross-license is conditioned on the close of the Ansys Merger and expires on December 31, 2031. The interoperability amendment expires by its terms on June 29, 2025.

Tax Matters

We undergo examination from time to time by U.S. and foreign authorities for non-income based taxes, such as sales, use and value-added taxes, and are currently under examination by tax authorities in certain jurisdictions. If the potential loss from such examinations is considered probable and the amount or the range of loss could be estimated, we would accrue a liability for the estimated expense.

In addition to the foregoing, we are, from time to time, party to various other claims and legal proceedings in the ordinary course of our business, including with tax and other governmental authorities. For a description of certain of these other matters, see Note 20. Income Taxes of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.