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Cover and table of contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, INC.

SIMON PROPERTY GROUP, L.P.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware(Simon Property Group, Inc.)Delaware(Simon Property Group, L.P.) (State of incorporation or organization)	001-14469(Simon Property Group, Inc.)001-36110(Simon Property Group, L.P.) (Commission File No.)	04-6268599(Simon Property Group, Inc.)34-1755769(Simon Property Group, L.P.) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
225 West Washington StreetIndianapolis, Indiana 46204 (Address of principal executive offices)
(317) 636-1600 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


	Title of each class	Trading Symbols	Name of each exchange on which registered
Simon Property Group, Inc.	Common stock, $0.0001 par value	SPG	New York Stock Exchange
Simon Property Group, Inc.	83/8% Series J Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value	SPGJ	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.


Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ⌧ No ◻	Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to submit such files).


Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ⌧ No ◻	Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Simon Property Group, Inc.:
Large accelerated filer ⌧	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ◻	Smaller reporting company ◻
			Emerging growth company ◻

Simon Property Group, L.P.:
Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ◻	Non-accelerated filer ⌧	Smaller reporting company ◻
			Emerging growth company ◻

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the Registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.

	Simon Property Group, Inc. ◻		Simon Property Group, L.P. ◻

Indicate by check mark whether Registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

	Simon Property Group, Inc. Yes ◻ No ⌧		Simon Property Group, L.P. Yes ◻ No ⌧

As of March 31, 2023, Simon Property Group, Inc. had 326,988,470 shares of common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 8,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding. Simon Property Group, L.P. has no common stock outstanding.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

This report combines the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023 of Simon Property Group, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and Simon Property Group, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to “Simon” mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the “Operating Partnership” mean Simon Property Group, L.P. References to “we,” “us” and “our” mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership.

Simon is a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. We are structured as an umbrella partnership REIT under which substantially all of our business is conducted through the Operating Partnership, Simon’s majority-owned partnership subsidiary, for which Simon is the general partner. As of March 31, 2023, Simon owned an approximate 87.4% ownership interest in the Operating Partnership, with the remaining 12.6% ownership interest owned by limited partners. As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, Simon has exclusive control of the Operating Partnership’s day-to-day management.

We operate Simon and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of Simon consists of the same members as the management of the Operating Partnership. As general partner with control of the Operating Partnership, Simon consolidates the Operating Partnership for financial reporting purposes, and Simon has no material assets or liabilities other than its investment in the Operating Partnership. Therefore, the assets and liabilities of Simon and the Operating Partnership are the same on their respective financial statements.

We believe that combining the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q of Simon and the Operating Partnership into this single report provides the following benefits:

	●	enhances investors’ understanding of Simon and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner as management views and operates the business;

	●	eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined presentation since substantially all of the disclosure in this report applies to both Simon and the Operating Partnership; and

	●	creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

We believe it is important for investors to understand the few differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership in the context of how we operate as a consolidated company. The primary difference is that Simon itself does not conduct business, other than acting as the general partner of the Operating Partnership and issuing equity or equity-related instruments from time to time. In addition, Simon itself does not incur any indebtedness, as all debt is incurred by the Operating Partnership or entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by the Operating Partnership.

The Operating Partnership holds, directly or indirectly, substantially all of our assets, including our ownership interests in our joint ventures. The Operating Partnership conducts substantially all of our business and is structured as a partnership with no publicly traded equity. Except for the net proceeds from equity issuances by Simon, which are contributed to the capital of the Operating Partnership in exchange for, in the case of common stock issuances by Simon, common units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, or units, or, in the case of preferred stock issuances by Simon, preferred units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership, or preferred units, the Operating Partnership, directly or indirectly, generates the capital required by our business through its operations, the incurrence of indebtedness, proceeds received from the disposition of certain properties and joint ventures and the issuance of units or preferred units to third parties.

The presentation of stockholders’ equity, partners’ equity and noncontrolling interests are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of Simon and those of the Operating Partnership. The differences between stockholders’ equity and partners’ equity result from differences in the equity issued at the Simon and Operating Partnership levels. The units held by limited partners in the Operating Partnership are accounted for as partners’ equity in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements and as noncontrolling interests in Simon’s financial statements. The noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership’s financial statements include the interests of unaffiliated partners in various consolidated partnerships. The noncontrolling interests in Simon’s financial statements include the same noncontrolling interests at the Operating Partnership level and, as previously stated, the units held by limited partners of the Operating Partnership. Although classified differently, total equity of Simon and the Operating Partnership is the same.

To help investors understand the differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership, this report provides:

	●	separate consolidated financial statements for Simon and the Operating Partnership;

	●	a single set of condensed notes to such consolidated financial statements that includes separate discussions of noncontrolling interests and stockholders’ equity or partners’ equity, accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and per share and per unit data, as applicable;

	●	a combined Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section that also includes discrete information related to each entity; and

	●	separate Part II, Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds sections related to each entity.

This report also includes separate Part I, Item 4. Controls and Procedures sections and separate Exhibits 31 and 32 certifications for each of Simon and the Operating Partnership in order to establish that the requisite certifications have been made and that Simon and the Operating Partnership are each compliant with Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and 18 U.S.C. §1350. The separate discussions of Simon and the Operating Partnership in this report should be read in conjunction with each other to understand our results on a consolidated basis and how management operates our business.

In order to highlight the differences between Simon and the Operating Partnership, the separate sections in this report for Simon and the Operating Partnership specifically refer to Simon and the Operating Partnership. In the sections that combine disclosure of Simon and the Operating Partnership, this report refers to actions or holdings of Simon and the Operating Partnership as being “our” actions or holdings. Although the Operating Partnership is generally the entity that directly or indirectly enters into contracts and joint ventures, holds assets and incurs debt, we believe that references to “we,” “us” or “our” in this context is appropriate because the business is one enterprise and we operate substantially all of our business through the Operating Partnership.

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Form 10-Q

INDEX

			Page
Part I — Financial Information

	Item 1.	Consolidated Financial Statements of Simon Property Group, Inc. (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	5
		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	6
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	7
		Consolidated Statements of Equity at March 31, 2023 and 2022	8

		Consolidated Financial Statements of Simon Property Group, L.P. (Unaudited)
		Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022	10
		Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	11
		Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022	12
		Consolidated Statements of Equity at March 31, 2023 and 2022	13

		Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	15
	Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	34
	Item 3.	Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risk	46
	Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	46

Part II — Other Information

	Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	47
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47
	Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47
	Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	47
	Item 5.	Other Information	47
	Item 6.	Exhibits	48

Signatures			49

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except share amounts)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$	38,505,497	$	38,326,912
Less - accumulated depreciation		16,823,305		16,563,749
		21,682,192		21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents		1,155,423		621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		779,702		823,540
Investment in TRG, at equity		3,062,030		3,074,345
Investment in Klépierre, at equity		1,541,743		1,561,112
Investment in other unconsolidated entities, at equity		3,440,532		3,511,263
Right-of-use assets, net		494,591		496,930
Deferred costs and other assets		1,141,583		1,159,293
Total assets	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	25,569,968	$	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues		1,351,870		1,491,583
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity		1,703,448		1,699,828
Dividend payable		2,436		1,997
Lease liabilities		495,573		497,953
Other liabilities		497,210		535,736
Total liabilities		29,620,505		29,187,383
Commitments and contingencies
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests		224,419		212,239
EQUITY:
Stockholders’ Equity
Capital stock (850,000,000 total shares authorized, $0.0001 par value, 238,000,000 shares of excess common stock, 100,000,000 authorized shares of preferred stock):
Series J 83/8% cumulative redeemable preferred stock, 1,000,000 shares authorized, 796,948 issued and outstanding with a liquidation value of $39,847		41,352		41,435
Common stock, $0.0001 par value, 511,990,000 shares authorized, 342,905,419 and 342,905,419 issued and outstanding, respectively		34		34
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000 shares authorized, 8,000 issued and outstanding		—		—
Capital in excess of par value		11,231,471		11,232,881
Accumulated deficit		(6,069,767)		(5,926,974)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(160,854)		(164,873)
Common stock held in treasury, at cost, 15,916,949 and 15,959,628 shares, respectively		(2,038,723)		(2,043,979)
Total stockholders’ equity		3,003,513		3,138,524
Noncontrolling interests		449,359		473,128
Total equity		3,452,872		3,611,652
Total liabilities and equity	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867
Management fees and other revenues		28,949		27,587
Other income		73,715		60,468
Total revenue		1,350,849		1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating		111,748		103,664
Depreciation and amortization		307,059		310,163
Real estate taxes		111,159		111,691
Repairs and maintenance		22,174		22,304
Advertising and promotion		24,159		25,263
Home and regional office costs		56,820		52,197
General and administrative		9,107		7,833
Other		45,900		42,416
Total operating expenses		688,126		675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS		662,723		620,391
Interest expense		(199,429)		(185,159)
Income and other tax benefit		13,453		1,435
Income from unconsolidated entities		21,900		81,184
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net		20,608		(31,032)
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		519,255		488,310
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests		66,594		60,846
Preferred dividends		834		834
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON STOCKHOLDERS	$	451,827	$	426,630
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER COMMON SHARE:
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	1.38	$	1.30

Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements		5,672		16,833
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		(501)		(387)
Currency translation adjustments		(751)		1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		194		(521)
Comprehensive income		523,869		505,540
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		67,189		62,982
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	456,680	$	442,558

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		322,392		324,124
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		(1,491)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(20,608)		31,032
Straight-line lease loss		6,912		9,254
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities		(21,900)		(81,184)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities		119,146		121,448
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		25,774		89,958
Deferred costs and other assets		3,981		(41,214)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other		(126,271)		(148,368)
Net cash provided by operating activities		828,681		791,869
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions		(27,712)		—
Funding of loans to related parties		(6,500)		(125,357)
Repayments of loans to related parties		2,913		71,930
Capital expenditures, net		(166,070)		(154,649)
Investments in unconsolidated entities		(10,664)		(124,429)
Purchase of equity instruments		—		(6,390)
Proceeds from sales of equity instruments		978		25,986
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other		47,315		213,010
Net cash used in investing activities		(159,740)		(99,899)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from sales of common stock and other, net of transaction costs		(83)		(82)
Purchase of shares related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings		(2,624)		(3,757)
Redemption of limited partner units		(2,858)		(147)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(5,525)		(1,205)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties		6,459		4,833
Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership		(479)		(479)
Distributions to stockholders and preferred dividends		(590,434)		(543,010)
Distributions to limited partners		(85,163)		(78,024)
Proceeds from issuance of debt, net of transaction costs		1,412,721		2,433,167
Repayments of debt		(867,160)		(2,522,273)
Net cash used in financing activities		(135,146)		(710,977)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		533,795		(19,007)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period		621,628		533,936
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	1,155,423	$	514,929

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)


					Accumulated						Common
					Other		Capital in				Stock
	Preferred		Common		Comprehensive		Excess of		Accumulated		Held in		Noncontrolling		Total
	Stock		Stock		Income (Loss)		Par Value		Deficit		Treasury		interests		Equity
December 31, 2022	$	41,435	$	34	$	(164,873)	$	11,232,881	$	(5,926,974)	$	(2,043,979)	$	473,128	$	3,611,652
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(83)														(83)
Stock incentive program (65,017 common shares)								(7,880)				7,880				—
Redemption of limited partner units (22,442 units)								(2,645)						(213)		(2,858)
Amortization of stock incentive								5,379								5,379
Long-term incentive performance units														3,382		3,382
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (22,338 common shares repurchased)										(5,020)		(2,624)		189		(7,455)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities						4,959								713		5,672
Currency translation adjustments						(671)								(80)		(751)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						169								25		194
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						(438)								(63)		(501)
Other comprehensive income (loss)						4,019								595		4,614
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								3,736						(3,736)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(590,434)				(85,163)		(675,597)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(4,366)		(4,366)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and $572 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										452,661				65,543		518,204
March 31, 2023	$	41,352	$	34	$	(160,854)	$	11,231,471	$	(6,069,767)	$	(2,038,723)	$	449,359	$	3,452,872

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)


					Accumulated						Common
					Other		Capital in				Stock
	Preferred		Common		Comprehensive		Excess of		Accumulated		Held in		Noncontrolling		Total
	Stock		Stock		Income (Loss)		Par Value		Deficit		Treasury		interests		Equity
December 31, 2021	$	41,763	$	34	$	(185,186)	$	11,212,990	$	(5,823,708)	$	(1,884,441)	$	491,533	$	3,852,985
Exchange of limited partner units (2,680 common shares, note 8)								27						(27)		—
Series J preferred stock premium amortization		(82)														(82)
Stock incentive program (47,804 common shares)								(6,864)				6,864				—
Redemption of limited partner units (1,000 units)								(137)						(10)		(147)
Amortization of stock incentive								3,705								3,705
Long-term incentive performance units														3,895		3,895
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (23,514 common shares repurchased)								1		(9,007)		(3,757)		(262)		(13,025)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities						14,715								2,118		16,833
Currency translation adjustments						1,170								135		1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other						(455)								(66)		(521)
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings						(338)								(49)		(387)
Other comprehensive income (loss)						15,092								2,138		17,230
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership								3,899						(3,899)		—
Distributions to common stockholders and limited partners, excluding Operating Partnership preferred interests										(543,010)				(78,024)		(621,034)
Distributions to other noncontrolling interest partners														(60)		(60)
Net income, excluding $479 attributable to preferred interests in the Operating Partnership and a $1,269 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties										427,464				61,636		489,100
March 31, 2022	$	41,681	$	34	$	(170,094)	$	11,213,621	$	(5,948,261)	$	(1,881,334)	$	476,920	$	3,732,567

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except unit amounts)


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
ASSETS:
Investment properties, at cost	$	38,505,497	$	38,326,912
Less — accumulated depreciation		16,823,305		16,563,749
		21,682,192		21,763,163
Cash and cash equivalents		1,155,423		621,628
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		779,702		823,540
Investment in TRG, at equity		3,062,030		3,074,345
Investment in Klépierre, at equity		1,541,743		1,561,112
Investment in other unconsolidated entities, at equity		3,440,532		3,511,263
Right-of-use assets, net		494,591		496,930
Deferred costs and other assets		1,141,583		1,159,293
Total assets	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274
LIABILITIES:
Mortgages and unsecured indebtedness	$	25,569,968	$	24,960,286
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenues		1,351,870		1,491,583
Cash distributions and losses in unconsolidated entities, at equity		1,703,448		1,699,828
Distribution payable		2,436		1,997
Lease liabilities		495,573		497,953
Other liabilities		497,210		535,736
Total liabilities		29,620,505		29,187,383
Commitments and contingencies
Preferred units, various series, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests		224,419		212,239
EQUITY:
Partners’ Equity
Preferred units, 796,948 units outstanding. Liquidation value of $39,847		41,352		41,435
General Partner, 326,996,470 and 326,953,791 units outstanding, respectively		2,962,161		3,097,089
Limited Partners, 47,280,516 and 47,302,958 units outstanding, respectively		428,295		448,076
Total partners’ equity		3,431,808		3,586,600
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total equity		3,452,872		3,611,652
Total liabilities and equity	$	33,297,796	$	33,011,274

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income

(Dollars in thousands, except per unit amounts)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867
Management fees and other revenues		28,949		27,587
Other income		73,715		60,468
Total revenue		1,350,849		1,295,922
EXPENSES:
Property operating		111,748		103,664
Depreciation and amortization		307,059		310,163
Real estate taxes		111,159		111,691
Repairs and maintenance		22,174		22,304
Advertising and promotion		24,159		25,263
Home and regional office costs		56,820		52,197
General and administrative		9,107		7,833
Other		45,900		42,416
Total operating expenses		688,126		675,531
OPERATING INCOME BEFORE OTHER ITEMS		662,723		620,391
Interest expense		(199,429)		(185,159)
Income and other tax benefit		13,453		1,435
Income from unconsolidated entities		21,900		81,184
Unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net		20,608		(31,032)
Gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		1,491
CONSOLIDATED NET INCOME		519,255		488,310
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests		762		(996)
Preferred unit requirements		1,313		1,313
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS	$	517,180	$	487,993
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO UNITHOLDERS ATTRIBUTABLE TO:
General Partner	$	451,827	$	426,630
Limited Partners		65,353		61,363
Net income attributable to unitholders	$	517,180	$	487,993
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS PER UNIT:
Net income attributable to unitholders	$	1.38	$	1.30

Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Unrealized gain on derivative hedge agreements		5,672		16,833
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings		(501)		(387)
Currency translation adjustments		(751)		1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other		194		(521)
Comprehensive income		523,869		505,540
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests		190		273
Comprehensive income attributable to unitholders	$	523,679	$	505,267

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Dollars in thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Consolidated Net Income	$	519,255	$	488,310
Adjustments to reconcile consolidated net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		322,392		324,124
Gain upon acquisition of controlling interests, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net		—		(1,491)
Unrealized (gains) losses in fair value of equity instruments		(20,608)		31,032
Straight-line lease loss		6,912		9,254
Equity in income of unconsolidated entities		(21,900)		(81,184)
Distributions of income from unconsolidated entities		119,146		121,448
Changes in assets and liabilities
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		25,774		89,958
Deferred costs and other assets		3,981		(41,214)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, deferred revenues and other		(126,271)		(148,368)
Net cash provided by operating activities		828,681		791,869
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Acquisitions		(27,712)		—
Funding of loans to related parties		(6,500)		(125,357)
Repayments of loans to related parties		2,913		71,930
Capital expenditures, net		(166,070)		(154,649)
Investments in unconsolidated entities		(10,664)		(124,429)
Purchase of equity instruments		—		(6,390)
Proceeds from sale of equity instruments		978		25,986
Distributions of capital from unconsolidated entities and other		47,315		213,010
Net cash used in investing activities		(159,740)		(99,899)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Issuance of units and other		(83)		(82)
Purchase of units related to stock grant recipients' tax withholdings		(2,624)		(3,757)
Redemption of limited partner units		(2,858)		(147)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest holders in properties		(5,525)		(1,205)
Contributions from noncontrolling interest holders in properties		6,459		4,833
Partnership distributions		(676,076)		(621,513)
Mortgage and unsecured indebtedness proceeds, net of transaction costs		1,412,721		2,433,167
Mortgage and unsecured indebtedness principal payments		(867,160)		(2,522,273)
Net cash used in financing activities		(135,146)		(710,977)
INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		533,795		(19,007)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, beginning of period		621,628		533,936
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, end of period	$	1,155,423	$	514,929

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)


	Preferred		Simon (Managing		Limited		Noncontrolling		Total
	Units		General Partner)		Partners		interests		Equity
December 31, 2022	$	41,435	$	3,097,089	$	448,076	$	25,052	$	3,611,652
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(83)								(83)
Stock incentive program (65,017 common units)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				5,379						5,379
Redemption of limited partner units (22,442 units)				(2,645)		(213)				(2,858)
Long-term incentive performance units						3,382				3,382
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (22,338 common units)				(7,644)		1		188		(7,455)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities				4,959		713				5,672
Currency translation adjustments				(671)		(80)				(751)
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				169		25				194
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				(438)		(63)				(501)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				4,019		595				4,614
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				3,736		(3,736)				—
Distributions, excluding distributions on preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(589,600)		(85,163)		(4,366)		(679,963)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and $572 attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		451,827		65,353		190		518,204
March 31, 2023	$	41,352	$	2,962,161	$	428,295	$	21,064	$	3,452,872

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, L.P.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Equity

(Dollars in thousands)


	Preferred		Simon (Managing		Limited		Noncontrolling		Total
	Units		General Partner)		Partners		interests		Equity
December 31, 2021	$	41,763	$	3,319,689	$	477,292	$	14,241	$	3,852,985
Series J preferred stock premium and amortization		(82)								(82)
Limited partner units exchanged to common units (2,680 units)				27		(27)				—
Stock incentive program (47,804 common units)				—						—
Amortization of stock incentive				3,705						3,705
Redemption of limited partner units (1,000 units)				(137)		(10)				(147)
Long-term incentive performance units						3,895				3,895
Issuance of unit equivalents and other (72,442 LTIP units and 23,514 common units)				(12,763)		(2)		(260)		(13,025)
Unrealized gain on hedging activities				14,715		2,118				16,833
Currency translation adjustments				1,170		135				1,305
Changes in available-for-sale securities and other				(455)		(66)				(521)
Net gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into earnings				(338)		(49)				(387)
Other comprehensive income (loss)				15,092		2,138				17,230
Adjustment to limited partners’ interest from change in ownership in the Operating Partnership				3,899		(3,899)				—
Distributions, excluding distributions on preferred interests classified as temporary equity		(834)		(542,176)		(78,024)		(60)		(621,094)
Net income, excluding preferred distributions on temporary equity preferred units of $479 and a $1,269 loss attributable to noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties		834		426,630		61,363		273		489,100
March 31, 2022	$	41,681	$	3,213,966	$	462,726	$	14,194	$	3,732,567

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.

Simon Property Group, Inc.Simon Property Group, L.P.Condensed Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements(Unaudited)(Dollars in thousands, except share, per share, unit and per unit amounts****and where indicated in millions or billions)

1. Organization

Simon Property Group, Inc. is a Delaware corporation that operates as a self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code. REITs will generally not be liable for U.S. federal corporate income taxes as long as they distribute not less than 100% of their REIT taxable income. Simon Property Group, L.P. is our majority-owned Delaware partnership subsidiary that owns all of our real estate properties and other assets. According to the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to pay all expenses of Simon. In these condensed notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to "Simon" mean Simon Property Group, Inc. and references to the "Operating Partnership" mean Simon Property Group, L.P. References to "we," "us" and "our" mean collectively Simon, the Operating Partnership and those entities/subsidiaries owned or controlled by Simon and/or the Operating Partnership. Unless otherwise indicated, these condensed notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both Simon and the Operating Partnership.

We own, develop and manage premier shopping, dining, entertainment and mixed-use destinations, which consist primarily of malls, Premium Outlets®, and The Mills®. As of March 31, 2023, we owned or held an interest in 196 income-producing properties in the United States, which consisted of 93 malls, 69 Premium Outlets, 14 Mills, six lifestyle centers, and 14 other retail properties in 37 states and Puerto Rico. We also own an 80% noncontrolling interest in the Taubman Realty Group, LLC, or TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. Internationally, as of March 31, 2023, we had ownership in 34 Premium Outlets and Designer Outlet properties primarily located in Asia, Europe, and Canada. As of March 31, 2023, we also owned a 22.4% equity stake in Klépierre SA, or Klépierre, a publicly traded, Paris-based real estate company which owns, or has an interest in, shopping centers located in 14 countries in Europe.

2. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all controlled subsidiaries, and all significant intercompany amounts have been eliminated. Due to the seasonal nature of certain operational activities, the results for the interim periods ended March 31, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions to Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation (including normal recurring accruals) have been included. The consolidated financial statements in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in the combined 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K of Simon and the Operating Partnership. Certain reclassifications considered necessary for a fair presentation have been made to the prior period financial statements in order to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications have not changed the results of operations.

As of March 31, 2023, we consolidated 130 wholly-owned properties and 18 additional properties that are less than wholly-owned, but which we control or for which we are the primary beneficiary. We apply the equity method of accounting to the other 82 properties (the joint venture properties) and our investments in Klépierre and TRG, as well as our investments (collectively, our other platform investments) in retail operations (J.C. Penney and SPARC Group); an intellectual property and licensing venture (Authentic Brands Group, LLC, or ABG); an e-commerce venture (Rue Gilt Groupe, or RGG); and Jamestown (a global real estate investment and management company). We manage the day-to-day operations of 51 of the 82 joint venture properties, but have determined that our partner or partners have substantive participating rights with respect to the assets and operations of these joint venture properties. Our investments in joint ventures in Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Malaysia, Thailand, Canada, Spain, and the United Kingdom comprise 24 of the remaining 31 properties. These international properties and TRG are managed by joint ventures in which we share control.

Preferred distributions of the Operating Partnership are accrued at declaration and represent distributions on outstanding preferred units of partnership interests, or preferred units, and are included in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after preferred distributions to limited partners and to Simon based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interests in the Operating Partnership. Net operating results of the Operating Partnership attributable to limited partners are reflected in net income attributable to noncontrolling interests. Simon’s weighted average ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 87.4% for both the three months ended March 31, 2023

and 2022. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership was 87.4%. We adjust the noncontrolling limited partners’ interests at the end of each period to reflect their interest in the net assets of the Operating Partnership.

Preferred unit requirements in the Operating Partnership’s accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income represent distributions on outstanding preferred units and are recorded when declared.

3. Significant Accounting Policies

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Cash equivalents generally consist of commercial paper, bankers’ acceptances, Eurodollars, repurchase agreements, and money market deposits or securities. Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk include our cash and cash equivalents and our trade accounts receivable. We place our cash and cash equivalents with institutions of high credit quality. However, at certain times, such cash and cash equivalents are in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and Securities Investor Protection Corporation insurance limits.

Equity Instruments and Debt Securities

Equity instruments and debt securities consist primarily of equity instruments, our deferred compensation plan investments, the debt securities of our captive insurance subsidiary, and certain investments held to fund the debt service requirements of debt previously secured by investment properties. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments with readily determinable fair values of $94.1 million and $73.0 million, respectively. Changes in the fair value of these equity instruments are recorded in unrealized gains (losses) in fair value of publicly traded equity instruments, net in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had equity instruments without readily determinable fair values of $237.2 million and $236.2 million, respectively, for which we have elected the measurement alternative. We regularly evaluate these investments for any impairment in their estimated fair value, as well as any observable price changes for an identical or similar equity instrument of the same issuer, and determined that no material adjustment in the carrying value was required for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

Our deferred compensation plan equity instruments are valued based upon quoted market prices. The investments have a matching liability as the amounts are fully payable to the employees that earned the compensation. Changes in value of these securities and changes to the matching liability to employees are both recognized in earnings and, as a result, there is no impact to consolidated net income.

At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we held debt securities of $51.5 million and $52.3 million, respectively, in our captive insurance subsidiary. The types of securities included in the investment portfolio of our captive insurance subsidiary are typically U.S. Treasury or other U.S. government securities as well as corporate debt securities with maturities ranging from less than one year to ten years. These securities are classified as available-for-sale and are valued based upon quoted market prices or other observable inputs when quoted market prices are not available. The amortized cost of debt securities, which approximates fair value, held by our captive insurance subsidiary is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. Changes in the values of these securities are recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) until the gain or loss is realized or until any unrealized loss is deemed to be other-than-temporary. We review any declines in value of these securities for other-than-temporary impairment and consider the severity and duration of any decline in value. To the extent an other-than-temporary impairment is deemed to have occurred, an impairment is recorded and a new cost basis is established.

Our captive insurance subsidiary is required to maintain statutory minimum capital and surplus as well as maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. Therefore, our access to these securities may be limited.

Fair Value Measurements

Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices for identical items in active, liquid and visible markets such as stock exchanges. Level 2 fair value inputs are observable information for similar items in active or inactive markets, and appropriately consider

counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations. Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an asset or liability at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate. We have no investments for which fair value is measured on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs.

The equity instruments with readily determinable fair values we held at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were primarily classified as having Level 1 fair value inputs. In addition, we had derivative instruments which were classified as having Level 2 inputs, which consist primarily of foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swap and cap agreements with an asset balance of $16.2 million at March 31, 2023 and $15.8 million at December 31, 2022, and a liability balance of $8.4 million and $8.6 million at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Note 7 includes a discussion of the fair value of debt measured using Level 2 inputs. Level 3 inputs to our purchase accounting and impairment analyses include our estimations of net operating results of the property, capitalization rates and discount rates.

Noncontrolling Interests

Simon

Details of the carrying amount of our noncontrolling interests are as follows:


	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership	$	428,295	$	448,076
Nonredeemable noncontrolling interests in properties, net		21,064		25,052
Total noncontrolling interests reflected in equity	$	449,359	$	473,128

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties, limited partners’ interests in the Operating Partnership and preferred distributions payable by the Operating Partnership on its outstanding preferred units) is a component of consolidated net income. In addition, the individual components of other comprehensive income (loss) are presented in the aggregate for both controlling and noncontrolling interests, with the portion attributable to noncontrolling interests deducted from comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders.

The Operating Partnership

Our evaluation of the appropriateness of classifying the Operating Partnership’s common units of partnership interest, or units, held by Simon and the Operating Partnership's limited partners within permanent equity considered several significant factors. First, as a limited partnership, all decisions relating to the Operating Partnership’s operations and distributions are made by Simon, acting as the Operating Partnership’s sole general partner. The decisions of the general partner are made by Simon's Board of Directors or management. The Operating Partnership has no other governance structure. Secondly, the sole asset of Simon is its interest in the Operating Partnership. As a result, a share of common stock of Simon, or common stock, if owned by the Operating Partnership, is best characterized as being similar to a treasury share and thus not an asset of the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners of the Operating Partnership have the right under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement to exchange their units for shares of common stock or cash, as selected by Simon as the sole general partner. Accordingly, we classify units held by limited partners in permanent equity because Simon may elect to issue shares of common stock to limited partners exercising their exchange rights rather than using cash. Under the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership is required to redeem units held by Simon only when Simon has repurchased shares of common stock. We classify units held by Simon in permanent equity because the decision to redeem those units would be made by Simon.

Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests (which includes nonredeemable and redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties) is a component of consolidated net income.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Simon

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s currency translation adjustment was ($200.2) million and ($199.5) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented

Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense
		(63)		(49)	Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
	$	438	$	338

The Operating Partnership

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s currency translation adjustment was ($229.1) million and ($228.3) million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

The reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following:


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
					Affected line item where
	2023		2022		net income is presented

Accumulated derivative gains, net	$	501	$	387	Interest expense

Derivative Financial Instruments

We record all derivatives on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether we have designated a derivative as a hedge and whether the hedging relationship has satisfied the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting. We may use a variety of derivative financial instruments in the normal course of business to selectively manage or hedge a portion of the risks associated with our indebtedness and interest payments. Our objectives in using interest rate derivatives are to add stability to interest expense and to manage our exposure to interest rate movements. To accomplish this objective, we primarily use interest rate swaps and caps. We require that hedging derivative instruments be highly effective in reducing the risk exposure that they are designated to hedge. We formally designate any instrument that meets these hedging criteria as a hedge at the inception of the derivative contract. We have no credit-risk-related hedging or derivative activities.

As of March 31, 2023, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:


	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	3	$	500.0 Million
Interest Rate Swaps	3	€	878.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	3	€	119.7 million

As of December 31, 2022, we had the following outstanding interest rate derivatives related to managing our interest rate risk:


	Number of	Notional
Interest Rate Derivative	Instruments	Amount
Interest Rate Swaps	1	€	128.0 million
Interest Rate Caps	5	€	319.0 million

The carrying value of our interest rate swap and cap agreements, at fair value, as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was an asset balance of $14.3 million and $13.1 million, respectively, and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

We may enter into treasury lock agreements as part of an anticipated debt issuance. Upon completion of the debt issuance, the fair value of these instruments that had been recorded as part of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is amortized to interest expense over the life of the debt agreement.

The unamortized gain on our treasury locks and terminated hedges recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) was $22.2 million as of March 31, 2023, compared to an unamortized gain of $10.9 million as of December 31, 2022. Within the next 12 months, we expect to reclassify to earnings approximately $1.1 million of gains related to terminated interest rate swaps from the current balance held in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

We are also exposed to foreign currency risk on financings of certain foreign operations. Our intent is to offset gains and losses that occur on the underlying exposures, with gains and losses on the derivative contracts hedging these exposures. We do not enter into either interest rate protection or foreign currency rate protection agreements for speculative purposes.

We are also exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on financial instruments which are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily in Yen and Euro. We use currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts and foreign currency denominated debt to manage our exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates on certain Yen and Euro-denominated receivables and net investments. Currency forward contracts involve fixing the Yen:USD or Euro:USD exchange rate for delivery of a specified amount of foreign currency on a specified date. The currency forward contracts are typically cash settled in U.S. dollars for their fair value at or close to their settlement date.

We had the following Euro:USD forward contracts designated as net investment hedges at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in millions):


			Asset (Liability) Value as of
			March 31,		December 31,
Notional Value		Maturity Date	2023		2022
€	50.0	January 13, 2023		—		(2.9)
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	15.0	March 15, 2023		—		0.7
€	50.0	December 15, 2023		(3.2)		(2.8)
€	30.0	March 15, 2024		1.1		1.3
€	51.0	March 15, 2024		(3.1)		(2.8)
€	45.0	April 12, 2023		(0.5)		(0.2)
€	44.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		(0.1)
€	50.0	January 17, 2024		(0.1)		—
€	30.0	September 15, 2023		(0.4)		—
€	30.7	May 2, 2023		0.1		—

Asset balances in the above table are included in deferred costs and other assets. Liability balances in the above table are included in other liabilities.

We have designated certain derivative and nonderivative instruments as net investment hedges. Accordingly, we report the changes in fair value in other comprehensive income (loss). For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded gains (loss) of ($32.4) million and $44.3 million, respectively, in the cumulative translation adjustment section of the other comprehensive income (loss). Changes in the value of these forward contracts are offset by changes in the underlying hedged Euro-denominated joint venture investments.

The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to Simon’s derivative activities, including our share of other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, was $41.0 million and $36.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) related to the Operating Partnership’s derivative activities, including our share of other comprehensive income (loss) from unconsolidated entities, was $47.0 million and $41.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform,” which provides temporary optional expedients and exceptions to the US GAAP guidance on contract modifications and hedge accounting to ease the financial reporting burdens of the expected market transition from LIBOR and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Additional optional expedients, exceptions, and clarifications were created in ASU 2021-01. The guidance is effective upon issuance and generally can be applied to any contract modifications or existing and new hedging relationships through December 31, 2024. We elected the expedients in conjunction with transitioning certain debt instruments, as discussed in note 7, to alternative benchmark indices. There was no impact on our consolidated financial statements at adoption.

4. Real Estate Acquisitions and Dispositions

Unless otherwise noted, gains and losses on property transactions are included in gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. We capitalize asset acquisition costs and expense costs related to business combinations, as well as disposition related costs as they are incurred. We incurred a minimal amount of transaction expenses during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

2022 Acquisitions

On June 17, 2022, we acquired an additional interest in Gloucester Premium Outlets from a joint venture partner for $14.0 million in cash consideration, including a pro-rata share of working capital, resulting in the consolidation of this property. The property is subject to an $85.7 million 3.29% variable rate mortgage loan. We accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition and substantially all of our investment has been determined to relate to investment property.

2022 Dispositions

On June 17, 2022, we disposed of our interest in one consolidated retail property. The proceeds from this transaction were $59.0 million, resulting in a loss of $15.6 million.

5. Per Share and Per Unit Data

We determine basic earnings per share and basic earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding during the period and we consider any participating securities for purposes of applying the two-class method. We determine diluted earnings per share and diluted earnings per unit based on the weighted average number of shares of common stock or units, as applicable, outstanding combined with the incremental weighted average number of shares or units, as applicable, that would have been outstanding assuming all potentially dilutive securities were converted into shares of common stock or units, as applicable, at the earliest date possible. The following tables set forth the components of basic and diluted earnings per share and basic and diluted earnings per unit.

Simon


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Common Stockholders — Basic and Diluted	$	451,827	$	426,630
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		326,954,294		328,606,352

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, potentially dilutive securities include units that are exchangeable for common stock and long-term incentive performance units, or LTIP units, granted under our long-term incentive performance programs that are convertible into units and exchangeable for common stock. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We have not adjusted net income attributable to common stockholders and weighted average shares outstanding for income allocable to limited partners or units, respectively, as doing so would have no dilutive impact. We accrue dividends when they are declared.

The Operating Partnership


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2023		2022
Net Income attributable to Unitholders — Basic and Diluted	$	517,180	$	487,993
Weighted Average Units Outstanding — Basic and Diluted		374,245,604		375,870,183

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, potentially dilutive securities include LTIP units. No securities had a material dilutive effect for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. We accrue distributions when they are declared.

6. Investment in Unconsolidated Entities and International Investments

Real Estate Joint Ventures and Investments

Joint ventures are common in the real estate industry. We use joint ventures to finance properties, develop new properties and diversify our risk in a particular property or portfolio of properties. As discussed in note 2, we held joint venture interests in 82 properties as of March 31, 2023.

Certain of our joint venture properties are subject to various rights of first refusal, buy-sell provisions, put and call rights, or other sale or marketing rights for partners which are customary in real estate joint venture agreements and the industry. We and our partners in these joint ventures may initiate these provisions (subject to any applicable lock up or similar restrictions), which may result in either the sale of our interest or the use of available cash or borrowings, or the use of limited partnership interests in the Operating Partnership, to acquire the joint venture interest from our partner.

We may provide financing to joint venture properties primarily in the form of interest bearing construction loans. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had construction loans and other advances to these related parties totaling $109.4 million and $112.0 million, respectively, which are included in deferred costs and other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.

During 2022, we recorded a non-cash gain of $19.9 million related to the disposition and foreclosure of two unconsolidated properties in satisfaction of the respective $99.6 million and $83.1 million non-recourse mortgage loans. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows.

Taubman Realty Group

We own an 80% noncontrolling ownership interest in TRG, which has an interest in 24 regional, super-regional, and outlet malls in the U.S. and Asia. Our investment includes 6.38% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units for $362.5 million issued to us.

The table below represents summary financial information of TRG.


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	169,728	$	162,609
Operating income before other items		74,778		61,853
Consolidated net income		44,953		38,669
Our share of net income		34,848		30,543
Amortization of excess investment		(47,390)		(49,025)

Other Platform Investments

As of March 31, 2023, we own a 41.67% non-controlling interest in J.C. Penney, a department store retailer. We also own a 50% non-controlling interest in SPARC Group. During the first quarter of 2022, SPARC Group acquired certain assets and operations of Reebok and entered into a long-term strategic partnership agreement with ABG to become the core licensee and operating partner for Reebok in the United States.

At March 31, 2023, our interest in ABG was approximately 12.3%. On December 1, 2022, we sold to ABG all of our interests in the licensing venture of Eddie Bauer for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the fourth quarter of 2022, we recognized a non-cash pre-tax gain of $159.0 million, representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the $98.8 million carrying value of the intellectual property licensing venture less costs to sell. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we recorded deferred taxes of $39.7 million.

On July 1, 2021, we sold to ABG all of our interests in both the Forever 21 and Brooks Brothers licensing ventures in exchange for additional interests in ABG. As a result, in the third quarter of 2021, we recognized a non-cash, pre-tax gain of $159.8 million representing the difference between the fair value of the interests received determined using Level 3 inputs and the carrying value of $102.7 million of the intellectual property licensing ventures less costs to sell. This non-cash investing and financing activity is excluded from our consolidated statement of cash flows. In connection with this transaction, we recorded deferred taxes of $47.9 million.

On December 20, 2021, we sold a portion of our interest in ABG, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $18.8 million. In connection with this transaction, we recorded tax expense of $8.0 million. Subsequently, we acquired additional interests in ABG for cash consideration of $100.0 million.

As of March 31, 2023, we own a 45% non-controlling interest in Rue Gilt Groupe.

On December 19, 2022, we completed the acquisition of a 50% non-controlling legal ownership interest in Jamestown, a global real estate investment and asset management company, as well as separate interests in certain real estate and working capital, for total cash consideration of $173.4 million. Allocation of the excess investment to the underlying assets and liabilities acquired at the venture level is preliminary at March 31, 2023.

The table below represents combined summary financial information, after intercompany eliminations, of our other platform investments.


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	2,956,722	$	3,140,858
Operating income before other items		(17,869)		(115,221)
Consolidated net income		(118,966)		(159,412)
Our share of net income (loss)		(37,789)		9,889
Amortization of excess investment		(1,665)		(1,665)

European Investments

At March 31, 2023, we owned 63,924,148 shares, or approximately 22.4%, of Klépierre, which had a quoted market price of $22.68 per share. The table below represents summary financial information with respect to our investment in Klépierre. This information is based on applicable Euro:USD exchange rates and after our conversion of Klépierre’s results to GAAP.


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Total revenues	$	322,557	$	293,349
Operating income before other items		105,308		75,895
Consolidated net income		82,719		46,416
Our share of net income		17,858		11,507
Amortization of excess investment		(3,253)		(2,796)

We have an interest in a European investee that had interests in 11 Designer Outlet properties as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, seven of which are consolidated by us as of March 31, 2023. As of March 31, 2023, our legal percentage ownership interests in these properties ranged from 23% to 94%.

In addition, we have a 50.0% noncontrolling interest in a European property management and development company that provides services to the Designer Outlet properties.

We also have minority interests in Value Retail PLC and affiliated entities, which own or have interests in and operate nine luxury outlets located throughout Europe and we also have a direct minority ownership in three of those outlets. At March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the carrying value of these equity instruments without readily determinable fair values was $140.8 million and is included in deferred costs and other assets.

Asian Joint Ventures

We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in Japan through a joint venture with Mitsubishi Estate Co., Ltd. We have a 40% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $217.5 million and $206.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). We conduct our international Premium Outlet operations in South Korea through a joint venture with Shinsegae International Co. We have a 50% noncontrolling ownership interest in this joint venture. The carrying amount of our investment in this joint venture was $204.0 million and $199.5 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, including all related components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

Summary Financial Information

A summary of the combined balance sheets and statements of operations of our equity method investments and share of income from such investments, excluding our investments in Klépierre and TRG as well as our other platform investments, follows.

COMBINED BALANCE SHEETS


	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets:
Investment properties, at cost	$	19,281,318	$	19,256,108
Less - accumulated depreciation		8,615,876		8,490,990
		10,665,442		10,765,118
Cash and cash equivalents		1,442,100		1,445,353
Tenant receivables and accrued revenue, net		504,883		546,025
Right-of-use assets, net		138,209		143,526
Deferred costs and other assets		445,744		482,375
Total assets	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Liabilities and Partners’ Deficit:
Mortgages	$	14,544,401	$	14,569,921
Accounts payable, accrued expenses, intangibles, and deferred revenue		881,365		961,984
Lease liabilities		127,840		133,096
Other liabilities		403,041		446,064
Total liabilities		15,956,647		16,111,065
Preferred units		67,450		67,450
Partners’ deficit		(2,827,719)		(2,796,118)
Total liabilities and partners’ deficit	$	13,196,378	$	13,382,397
Our Share of:
Partners’ deficit	$	(1,234,120)	$	(1,232,086)
Add: Excess Investment		1,212,729		1,219,117
Our net (deficit) Investment in unconsolidated entities, at equity	$	(21,391)	$	(12,969)

“Excess Investment” represents the unamortized difference of our investment over our share of the equity in the underlying net assets of the joint ventures or other investments acquired and has been determined to relate to the fair value of the investment properties, intangible assets, including goodwill, and debt premiums and discounts. We amortize excess investment over the life of the related depreciable components of assets acquired, typically no greater than 40 years, the terms of the applicable leases, the estimated useful lives of the finite lived intangibles, and the applicable debt maturity, respectively. The amortization is included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

COMBINED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
REVENUE:
Lease income	$	735,048	$	717,768
Other income		90,046		112,585
Total revenue		825,094		830,353
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Property operating		154,922		149,515
Depreciation and amortization		164,473		170,562
Real estate taxes		64,004		65,324
Repairs and maintenance		18,774		21,481
Advertising and promotion		20,710		19,318
Other		53,310		48,843
Total operating expenses		476,193		475,043
Operating Income Before Other Items		348,901		355,310
Interest expense		(168,206)		(144,448)
Net Income	$	180,695	$	210,862
Third-Party Investors’ Share of Net Income	$	90,259	$	104,657
Our Share of Net Income		90,436		106,205
Amortization of Excess Investment		(14,921)		(15,139)
Income from Unconsolidated Entities	$	75,515	$	91,066

Our share of income from unconsolidated entities in the above table, aggregated with our share of results from our investments in Klépierre and TRG as well as our other platform investments, before any applicable taxes, is presented in income from unconsolidated entities in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Unless otherwise noted, our share of the gain on acquisition of controlling interest sale or disposal of assets and interests in unconsolidated entities, net is reflected within gain on acquisition of controlling interest, sale or disposal of, or recovery on, assets and interests in unconsolidated entities and impairment, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

7. Debt

Unsecured Debt

At March 31, 2023, our unsecured debt consisted of $20.4 billion of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership and $125.0 million outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $5.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Credit Facility and $815.8 million (U.S. dollar equivalent) of Euro-denominated borrowings outstanding under the Operating Partnership’s $3.5 billion unsecured revolving credit facility, or Supplemental Facility, or together with the Credit Facility, the Credit Facilities.

At March 31, 2023, we had an aggregate available borrowing capacity of $7.6 billion under the Credit Facilities. The maximum aggregate outstanding balance under the Credit Facilities, during the three months ended March 31, 2023 was $940.8 million and the weighted average outstanding balance was $940.8 million. Letters of credit of $9.9 million were outstanding under the Credit Facilities as of March 31, 2023.

On March 14, 2023, we amended, restated, extended, and increased our existing $4.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility. The Credit Facility has an initial borrowing capacity of $5.0 billion which may be increased in the form of additional commitments in the aggregate not to exceed $1.0 billion, for a total aggregate size of $6.0 billion, subject to obtaining additional lender commitments and satisfying certain customary conditions precedent. Borrowings may be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 97% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Credit Facility is June 30, 2027. The Credit Facility can be extended for two additional six-month periods to June 30, 2028, at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility bear interest, at our election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Credit Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Credit Facility. Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Credit Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Supplemental Facility’s borrowing capacity of $3.5 billion may be increased to $4.5 billion during its term and provides for borrowings denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro, Yen, Pounds, Sterling, Canadian dollars and Australian dollars. Borrowings in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are limited to 100% of the maximum revolving credit amount, as defined. The initial maturity date of the Supplemental Facility is January 31, 2026 and can be extended for an additional year to January 31, 2027 at our sole option, subject to satisfying certain customary conditions precedent.

Borrowings under the Supplemental Facility bear interest, at the Company’s election, at either (i) (x) for Term Benchmark Loans, the Adjusted Term SOFR Rate, the applicable Local Rate, the Adjusted EURIBOR Rate, or the Adjusted TIBOR Rate, (y) for RFR Loans, if denominated in Sterling, SONIA plus a benchmark adjustment and if denominated in Dollars, Daily Simple SOFR plus a benchmark adjustment, or (z) for Daily SOFR Loans, the Adjusted Floating Overnight Daily SOFR Rate, in each case of clauses (x) through (z) above, plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.650% and 1.400% or (ii) for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars only, the base rate (which rate is equal to the greatest of the prime rate, the federal funds effective rate plus 0.500% or Adjusted Term SOFR Rate for one month plus 1.000%) (the “Base Rate”), plus a margin determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.000% and 0.400%. The Supplemental Facility includes a facility fee determined by our corporate credit rating of between 0.100% and 0.300% on the aggregate revolving commitments under the Supplemental Facility. Based upon our current credit ratings, the interest rate on the Supplemental Facility is SOFR plus 72.5 basis points, plus a spread adjustment to account for the transition from LIBOR to SOFR.

The Operating Partnership also has available a global unsecured commercial paper note program, or Commercial Paper program of, $2.0 billion, or the non-U.S. dollar equivalent thereof. The Operating Partnership may issue unsecured commercial paper notes, denominated in U.S. dollars, Euro and other currencies. Notes issued in non-U.S. currencies may be issued by one or more subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership and are guaranteed by the Operating Partnership. Notes are sold under customary terms in the U.S. and Euro commercial paper note markets and rank (either by themselves or as a result of the guarantee described above) pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s other unsecured senior indebtedness. The Commercial Paper program is supported by the Credit Facilities and, if necessary or appropriate, we may make one or more draws under either of the Credit Facilities to pay amounts outstanding from time to time on the Commercial Paper program. On March 31, 2023, we had no outstanding balance under the Commercial Paper program. Borrowings reduce amounts otherwise available under the Credit Facilities.

On March 8, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $650 million with a fixed interest rate 5.50%, and $650 million with a fixed interest rate of 5.85%, with maturity dates of March 8, 2033 and

March 8, 2053, respectively. The Operating Partnership used a portion of the net proceeds of the offering to fund the optional redemption of its $500 million floating rate notes due January 2024 on March 13, 2023.

On January 10, 2023, the Operating Partnership completed interest rate swap agreements with a combined notional value at €750.0 million to swap the interest rate of the Euro denominated borrowings outstanding under the Supplemental Facility to an all-in fixed rate of 3.81%. These interest rate swaps mature on January 17, 2024.

On November 16, 2022, the Operating Partnership drew €750.0 million ($779.0 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the issuance date) under the Supplemental facility and used the proceeds on November 17, 2022, to repay €750.0 million ($777.1 million U.S. dollar equivalent as of the payoff date) of senior unsecured notes at maturity.

On January 11, 2022, the Operating Partnership completed the issuance of the following senior unsecured notes: $500 million with a floating interest rate of SOFR plus 43 basis points, and $700 million with a fixed interest rate of 2.650%, with maturity dates of January 11, 2024 and February 1, 2032, respectively. The proceeds were used to repay $1.05 billion outstanding under the Supplemental Facility on January 12, 2022.

Mortgage Debt

Total mortgage indebtedness was $5.3 billion and $5.5 billion at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Covenants

Our unsecured debt agreements contain financial covenants and other non-financial covenants. The Credit Facilities contain ongoing covenants relating to total and secured leverage to capitalization value, minimum earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, or EBITDA, and unencumbered EBITDA coverage requirements. Payment under the Credit Facilities can be accelerated if the Operating Partnership or Simon is subject to bankruptcy proceedings or upon the occurrence of certain other events. If we were to fail to comply with these covenants, after the expiration of the applicable cure periods, the debt maturity could be accelerated or other remedies could be sought by the lender, including adjustments to the applicable interest rate. As of March 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all covenants of our unsecured debt.

At March 31, 2023, our consolidated subsidiaries were the borrowers under 38 non-recourse mortgage notes secured by mortgages on 41 properties and other assets, including two separate pools of cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized mortgages encumbering a total of five properties. Under these cross-default provisions, a default under any mortgage included in the cross-defaulted pool may constitute a default under all mortgages within that pool and may lead to acceleration of the indebtedness due on each property within the pool. Certain of our secured debt instruments contain financial and other non-financial covenants which are specific to the properties that serve as collateral for that debt. If the applicable borrower under these non-recourse mortgage notes were to fail to comply with these covenants, the lender could accelerate the debt and enforce its rights against their collateral. At March 31, 2023, the applicable borrowers under these non-recourse mortgage notes were in compliance with all covenants where non-compliance could individually or in the aggregate, giving effect to applicable cross-default provisions, have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying value of our variable-rate mortgages and other loans approximates their fair values. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate mortgages using cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates and other indebtedness using cash flows discounted at current market rates. We estimate the fair values of consolidated fixed rate unsecured notes using quoted market prices, or, if no quoted market prices are available, we use quoted market prices for securities with similar terms and maturities. The book value of our consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness including commercial paper was

$25.0 billion and $22.6 billion as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The fair values of these financial instruments and the related discount rate assumptions as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 are summarized as follows:


	March 31,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Fair value of consolidated fixed rate mortgages and unsecured indebtedness (in millions)	$	22,669		$	20,020
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for fixed rate mortgages		5.94	%		6.10	%
Weighted average discount rates assumed in calculation of fair value for unsecured indebtedness		5.87	%		5.87	%

8. Equity

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Operating Partnership redeemed 22,442 units from four limited partners for $2.9 million. These transactions increased Simon’s ownership interest in the Operating Partnership.

On May 9, 2022, Simon's Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase plan. Under the plan, Simon may repurchase up to $2.0 billion of its common stock during the two-year period commencing on May 16, 2022 and ending on May 16, 2024 in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions as market conditions warrant. During the year ended December 31, 2022, Simon purchased 1,830,022 shares at an average price of $98.57 per share. As Simon repurchases shares under these programs, the Operating Partnership repurchases an equal number of units from Simon.

We paid a common stock dividend of $1.80 per share for the first quarter of 2023. We paid common stock dividends of $1.65 per share for the first quarter of 2022. The Operating Partnership paid distributions per unit for the same amounts. On May 2, 2023, Simon’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend for the second quarter of 2023 of $1.85 per share, payable on June 30, 2023 to shareholders of record on June 9, 2023. The distribution rate on units is equal to the dividend rate on common stock.

Temporary Equity

Simon

Simon classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that Simon could be required to redeem the security for cash irrespective of the probability of such a possibility. As a result, Simon classifies one series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity. Each of these securities is discussed further below.

Limited Partners’ Preferred Interest in the Operating Partnership and Noncontrolling Redeemable Interests in Properties. The redemption features of the preferred units in the Operating Partnership contain provisions which could require the Operating Partnership to settle the redemption in cash. As a result, this series of preferred units in the Operating Partnership remains classified outside permanent equity. The remaining interests in a property or portfolio of properties which are redeemable at the option of the holder or in circumstances that may be outside Simon’s control are accounted for as temporary equity. The carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest is adjusted to the redemption amount assuming the instrument is redeemable at the balance sheet date. Changes in the redemption value of the underlying noncontrolling interest are recorded within accumulated deficit in the consolidated statements of equity in issuance of unit equivalents and other. There were no noncontrolling interests

redeemable at amounts in excess of fair value as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. The following table summarizes the preferred units in the Operating Partnership and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:


	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Limited partners’ preferred interest in the Operating Partnership and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

The Operating Partnership

The Operating Partnership classifies as temporary equity those securities for which there is the possibility that the Operating Partnership could be required to redeem the security for cash, irrespective of the probability of such a possibility. As a result, the Operating Partnership classifies one series of preferred units and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties in temporary equity. The following table summarizes the preferred units and the amount of the noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties as follows:


	As of		As of
	March 31,		December 31,
	2023		2022
7.50% Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Units, 260,000 units authorized, 255,373 issued and outstanding	$	25,537	$	25,537
Other noncontrolling redeemable interests		198,882		186,702
Total preferred units, at liquidation value, and noncontrolling redeemable interests in properties	$	224,419	$	212,239

Stock-Based Compensation

Our long-term incentive compensation awards under our stock-based compensation plans primarily take the form of LTIP units, restricted stock units, and restricted stock. The substantial majority of these awards are market condition or performance-based, and are based on various market, corporate and business unit performance measures as further described below. The expense related to these programs, net of amounts capitalized, is included within home and regional office costs and general and administrative costs in the accompanying statements of operations and comprehensive income. LTIP units are a form of limited partnership interest issued by the Operating Partnership, which are subject to the participant maintaining employment with us through certain dates and other conditions as described in the applicable award agreements. Awarded LTIP units not earned in accordance with the conditions set forth in the applicable award agreements are forfeited. Earned and fully vested LTIP units are equivalent to units of the Operating Partnership. Participants are entitled to receive distributions on the awarded LTIP units, as defined, equal to 10% of the regular quarterly distributions paid on a unit of the Operating Partnership. As a result, we account for these LTIP units as participating securities under the two class method of computing earnings per share. These are granted under The Simon Property Group, L.P. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan, or the 2019 Plan.

The grant date fair values of any LTIP units that are market-based awards are estimated using a Monte Carlo model, and the resulting fixed expense is recorded regardless of whether the market condition criteria are achieved if the participant performs the required service period. The grant date fair values of the market-based awards are being amortized into expense over the performance period, which is the grant date through the date at which the awards, if earned, become vested. The expense of the performance-based award is recorded over the performance period, which is the grant date through the date at which the awards, if earned, become vested, based on our assessment as to whether it is probable that the performance criteria will be achieved during the applicable performance periods. The grant date fair values of any restricted stock unit awards are recognized as expense over the vesting period.

2019 LTIP Program. In 2019, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2019 LTIP Program. Awards under the 2019 LTIP Program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based upon Funds From Operations, or FFO, per share, and Objective Criteria Goals) and market condition (based on Relative TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period. All of the earned LTIP units under the 2019 LTIP Program vested on January 1, 2023. The 2019 LTIP Program provides that the amount earned of the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on Simon’s performance compared to certain criteria and in March 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee determined 72,442 performance based LTIP units under this program were earned.

2020 LTI Program. In 2020, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2020 LTI Program, which consisted of a one-time grant of 312,263 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $84.37 per share. One-third of these awards vested on each of January 1, 2022 and 2023, and the remaining awards will vest ratably on January 1, 2024. The grant date fair value of the awards of $26.3 million is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2021 LTI Program. In 2021, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under the 2021 LTI Program. Awards under the 2021 LTI Program took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units. Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals) and market conditions (based on Absolute TSR performance), as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period. Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2021 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2025. The 2021 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $18.4 million. As part of the 2021 LTI Program, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established a grant of 37,976 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $112.92 per share. These awards will vest, subject to the grantee's continued service, on March 1, 2024. The $4.3 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2022 LTI Program. In the first quarter of 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under a 2022 Long-Term Incentive Program, or 2022 LTI Program. Awards under the 2022 LTI Program, took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units. Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals), subject to adjustment based upon a TSR modifier, with respect to the FFO performance condition, as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period. Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2022 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2026. The 2022 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $20.6 million. As part of the 2022 LTI Program, on March 11, 2022 and March 18, 2022, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established grants of 52,673 time-based restricted stock units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $130.05 and $130.84 per share. These awards will vest on March 11, 2025 and March 18, 2025. The $6.9 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

2023 LTI Program. In the first quarter of 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee established and granted awards under a 2023 Long-Term Incentive Program, or 2023 LTI Program. Awards under the 2023 LTI Program, took the form of LTIP units and restricted stock units. Awards of LTIP units under this program will be considered earned if the respective performance conditions (based on FFO and Objective Criteria Goals), subject to adjustment based upon a TSR modifier, with respect to the FFO performance condition, as defined in the applicable award agreements, are achieved during the applicable three-year measurement period. Any units determined to be earned LTIP units under the 2023 LTI Program will vest on January 1, 2027. The 2023 LTI Program provides that the amount earned related to the performance-based portion of the awards is dependent on the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s determination that Simon’s FFO performance and achievement of certain objective criteria goals and has a maximum potential fair value at grant date of $42.5 million. As part of the 2023 LTI Program, on March 1, 2023, the Compensation and Human Capital Committee also established a grant of 64,852 time-based restricted stock

units under the 2019 Plan at a grant date fair market value of $121.25 per share. These awards will vest on March 1, 2026. The $7.9 million grant date fair value of these awards is being recognized as expense over the three-year vesting period.

The Compensation and Human Capital Committee approved LTIP unit grants as shown in the table below. The extent to which LTIP units were determined by the Compensation and Human Capital Committee’s to have been earned, and the aggregate grant date fair value, are as follows:


LTIP Awards	LTIP Units Earned	Grant Date Fair Value of TSR Award	Grant Date Target Value of Performance-Based Awards
2021 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2024	$5.7 million	$12.2 million
2022 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2025	—	$13.7 million
2023 LTIP Awards	To be determined in 2026	—	$23.6 million

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to the aforementioned LTIP and LTI programs of approximately $6.3 million and $5.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Restricted Stock. The Compensation and Human Capital Committee awarded 218,456 shares of restricted stock to employees on April 1, 2023 at a grant date fair market value of $111.97 per share related to 2022 compensation plan. On March 28, 2023, a non-employee Director was awarded 165 shares of restricted stock at a grant date fair market value of $103.30 per share. These shares represent a portion of the compensation we pay our non-employee Directors, and all of the shares have been placed in a non-employee Director deferred compensation account maintained by us. The grant date fair value of the employee restricted stock awards is being recognized over the three-year vesting period. The grant date fair value of the non-employee Director restricted stock awards is being recognized as expense over the one-year vesting service period. In accordance with the Operating Partnership's partnership agreement, the Operating Partnership issued an equal number of units to Simon that are subject to the same vesting conditions as the restricted stock.

We recorded compensation expense, net of capitalization, related to restricted stock of approximately $3.4 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

9. Lease Income

Fixed lease income under our operating leases includes fixed minimum lease consideration and fixed CAM reimbursements recorded on a straight-line basis. Variable lease income includes consideration based on sales, as well as reimbursements for real estate taxes, utilities, marketing, and certain other items including negative variable lease income as discussed below.


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Fixed lease income	$	1,013,164	$	959,630
Variable lease income		235,021		248,237
Total lease income	$	1,248,185	$	1,207,867

Tenant receivables and accrued revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets includes straight-line receivables of $539.5 million and $546.5 million on March 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.

In connection with rent deferrals or other accruals of unpaid rent payments, if we determine that rent payments are probable of collection, we will continue to recognize lease income on a straight-line basis over the lease term along with associated tenant receivables. However, if we determine that such deferred rent payments or other accrued but unpaid rent payments are not probable of collection, lease income will be recorded on the cash basis, with the corresponding tenant receivable and deferred rent receivable balances charged as a direct write-off against lease income in the period of the change in our collectability determination. Additionally, our assessment of collectability incorporates information regarding a tenant’s financial condition that is obtained from available financial data, the expected outcome of contractual disputes and other matters, and our communications and negotiations with the tenant.

When a tenant seeks to reorganize its operations through bankruptcy proceedings, we assess the collectability of receivable balances. Our ongoing assessment incorporates, among other things, the timing of a tenant’s bankruptcy filing and our expectations of the assumptions by the tenant in bankruptcy proceedings of leases at the Company’s properties on substantially similar terms.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

We are involved from time-to-time in various legal and regulatory proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of our business, including, but not limited to, commercial disputes, environmental matters, and litigation in connection with transactions such as acquisitions and divestitures. We believe that current proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, liquidity, or results of operations. We record a liability when a loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated.

Lease Commitments

As of March 31, 2023, we are subject to ground leases that cover all or a portion of 23 of our consolidated properties with termination dates extending through 2090, including periods for which exercising an extension option is reasonably assured. These ground leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments, or a fixed annual rental payment plus a percentage rent component based upon the revenues or total sales of the property. In addition, we have several regional office locations that are subject to leases with termination dates ranging from 2023 to 2025. These office leases generally require us to make fixed annual rental payments plus pay our share of common area, real estate taxes, and utility expenses. Some of our ground and office leases include escalation clauses. All of our lease arrangements are classified as operating leases. We incurred ground lease expense and office lease expense, which are included in other expense and home office and regional expense, respectively, as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Operating Lease Cost
Fixed lease cost	$	8,123	$	8,095
Variable lease cost		4,986		4,269
Total operating lease cost	$	13,109	$	12,364


	For the Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2023		2022
Other Information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	13,090	$	12,339

Weighted-average remaining lease term - operating leases		32.5 years		33.3 years
Weighted-average discount rate - operating leases		4.88%		4.87%

Minimum lease payments due under these leases for years ending December 31, excluding applicable extension options and renewal options unless reasonably certain of exercise and any sublease income, are as follows:


2023	$	33,264
2024		30,850
2025		30,861
2026		30,875
2027		30,904
Thereafter		835,263
	$	992,017
Impact of discounting		(496,444)
Operating lease liabilities	$	495,573

Guarantees of Indebtedness

Joint venture debt is the liability of the joint venture and is typically secured by the joint venture property, which is non-recourse to us. As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Operating Partnership guaranteed joint venture related mortgage indebtedness of $132.0 million and $128.0 million, respectively. Mortgages guaranteed by the Operating Partnership are secured by the property of the joint venture which could be sold in order to satisfy the outstanding obligation and which has an estimated fair value in excess of the guaranteed amount.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Our U.S. Malls, Premium Outlets, and The Mills rely upon anchor tenants to attract customers; however, anchors do not contribute materially to our financial results as many anchors own their spaces. All material operations are within the United States and no customer or tenant accounts for 5% or more of our consolidated revenues.

Next: Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Delaware(Simon Property Group, Inc.)Delaware(Simon Property Group, L.P.) (State of incorporation or organization)	001-14469(Simon Property Group, Inc.)001-36110(Simon Property Group, L.P.) (Commission File No.)	04-6268599(Simon Property Group, Inc.)34-1755769(Simon Property Group, L.P.) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
225 West Washington StreetIndianapolis, Indiana 46204 (Address of principal executive offices)
(317) 636-1600 (Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)