Item 1A. RISK FACTORS

When evaluating our company and its consolidated entities and any investment in our or their securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors and all other information contained in this report and the other documents we file with the SEC (including those filed subsequent to this report), including the factors discussed below and in “Part I – Item 2. MD&A” in this report and “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Part II – Item 7. MD&A” in the Annual Report. Any of the risks and other information discussed in this report or any of the risk factors discussed in “Part I – Item 1A. Risk Factors” or “Part II – Item 7. MD&A” in the Annual Report, as well as additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial, could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, prospects and/or the trading prices of our securities or those of our consolidated entities.

Changing conditions in global markets, including the impact of tariffs and other trade actions, may materially and adversely affect us.

Our businesses import various materials, including steel and aluminum, and purchase foreign-sourced goods, such as electrical transformers, from domestic distributors. Sempra Infrastructure also generates a material portion of its earnings from LNG exports to customers located outside the U.S., including countries in Asia and Europe. Our ability to continue importing materials and purchasing foreign-sourced goods at competitive prices and making affirmative final investment decisions on LNG and other significant projects in development is subject to a number of risks, including adverse impacts on the affordability of projects in development and under construction due to the imposition of tariffs by the U.S. Administration, and adverse impacts caused by (i) legal and regulatory requirements or limitations imposed by foreign governments, including tariffs, quotas or other trade barriers, sanctions, adverse tax law changes, nationalization, currency restrictions, or import restrictions, and (ii) disruptions or delays in shipments caused by customs compliance or other actions of government agencies.

In 2018, the U.S. imposed tariffs on certain imported steel and aluminum products, as well as tariffs in various ranges on imports from China. Those tariffs remain in effect. Beginning in January 2025, the U.S. Administration has announced a number of new and increased tariffs, both threatened and imposed, including a higher total tariff rate on goods from China and numerous other tariffs on imports from all countries with only limited exclusions. The U.S. Administration has delayed the effectiveness of certain tariffs and tariff rate increases and threatened to accelerate the effectiveness of others. Additionally, the U.S. Administration has expanded the application of the 2018 steel and aluminum tariffs to countries and products that had previously been excluded, including a broad range of derivative products, increased steel and aluminum tariff rates, and imposed tariffs on certain imported copper products. These tariffs have created uncertainty in our business development efforts and for projects currently under construction, and we expect them to impact our businesses’ costs related to construction, pipeline transportation, electricity procurement and financing, among other areas, and increase costs across the LNG value chain. These impacts may result in delays, cost overruns or reduced profitability for our construction and development projects, denials or delays of recovery in rates of higher costs at our regulated utilities, or other adverse effects, any of which could be material.

We also face uncertainty in the interpretation and application of these tariffs, including with respect to customs valuation, product classification and country-of-origin determinations. Any disagreement with regulators on these matters could result in the retroactive assessment of additional tariffs with interest, the imposition of penalties, or other enforcement actions, any of which could be material.

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These recent tariffs, along with other U.S. trade actions, have triggered retaliatory actions by certain affected countries, including China’s announcement of a tariff on U.S. LNG. Other foreign governments may also impose trade measures, including reciprocal tariffs, on LNG or other U.S. goods in the future. These tariffs and other trade actions could negatively impact demand for our LNG exports, which would adversely impact our LNG projects and development pipeline.

While the U.S. Administration has announced various trade deals, many such agreements are preliminary and may be subject to change. Certain of the announced deals, including the agreement with the European Union, require further governmental approvals, and certain announced deal terms, including purported commitments by the European Union and Japan to purchase more U.S. energy, are non-binding and subject to voluntary implementation by the private sector. Any disagreement between the U.S. and other countries over the implementation of such trade deals or any failure to obtain required governmental approvals or otherwise reach a final agreement could result in prolonged uncertainty regarding the scope and duration of these trade actions by the U.S. and other countries. Such actions and any resulting economic, financial or geopolitical instability could materially adversely affect our results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and/or prospects.