Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

Consumer Wireline Results
						Second Quarter																		Six-Month Period
																		Percent																		Percent
						2024						2023						Change						2024						2023						Change
Operating revenues
Broadband						$	2,741					$	2,561					7.0		%				$	5,463					$	5,088					7.4		%
Legacy voice and data services						323						383						(15.7)						665						779						(14.6)
Other service and equipment						283						307						(7.8)						569						623						(8.7)
Total Operating Revenues						3,347						3,251						3.0						6,697						6,490						3.2
Operating expenses
Operations and support						2,249						2,226						1.0						4,505						4,510						(0.1)
Depreciation and amortization						914						857						6.7						1,795						1,718						4.5
Total Operating Expenses						3,163						3,083						2.6						6,300						6,228						1.2
Operating Income						$	184					$	168					9.5		%				$	397					$	262					51.5		%

The following tables highlight other key measures of performance for Consumer Wireline:

Connections
																								June 30,												Percent
(in 000s)																								2024						2023						Change
Broadband Connections
Total Broadband and DSL Connections																								13,962						13,895						0.5		%
Broadband1																								13,836						13,695						1.0
Fiber Broadband Connections																								8,798						7,738						13.7
Voice Connections
Retail Consumer Switched Access Lines																								1,468						1,829						(19.7)
Consumer VoIP Connections																								1,794						2,126						(15.6)
Total Retail Consumer Voice Connections																								3,262						3,955						(17.5)		%
1Includes AT&T Internet Air.

Broadband Net Additions
						Second Quarter																		Six-Month Period
																		Percent																		Percent
(in 000s)						2024						2023						Change						2024						2023						Change
Total Broadband and DSL Net Additions						32						(54)						—		%				72						(96)						—		%
Broadband Net Additions1						52						(35)						—						107						(58)						—
Fiber Broadband Net Additions						239						251						(4.8)		%				491						523						(6.1)		%
1Includes AT&T Internet Air.

Broadband revenues increased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, driven by an increase in fiber customers, which we expect to continue as we invest further in building our fiber footprint, and higher ARPU due to prior-year promotional pricing, partially offset by declines in copper-based broadband services.

Legacy voice and data service revenues decreased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, reflecting the continued decline in demand for these services in favor of other technologies, such as wireless and fiber services.

AT&T INC.

JUNE 30, 2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

Other service and equipment revenues decreased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, reflecting the continued decline in the number of VoIP customers.

Operations and support expenses increased in the second quarter and decreased for the first six months of 2024. Expense increases in the second quarter were primarily due to higher network-related costs as our fiber build scales, largely offset by lower customer support costs. Expense decreases for the first six months were driven by lower customer support costs and operating taxes that were offset by higher network-related costs.

Depreciation expense increased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, primarily due to ongoing capital spending for strategic initiatives such as fiber and network upgrades and expansion, which we expect to continue through the remainder of 2024.

Operating income increased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024. Our Consumer Wireline operating income margin in the second quarter increased from 5.2% in 2023 to 5.5% in 2024 and for the first six months increased from 4.0% in 2023 to 5.9% in 2024. Our Consumer Wireline EBITDA margin in the second quarter increased from 31.5% in 2023 to 32.8% in 2024 and for the first six months increased from 30.5% in 2023 to 32.7% in 2024.

LATIN AMERICA SEGMENT						Second Quarter																		Six-Month Period
						2024						2023						Percent Change						2024						2023						Percent Change
Segment Operating Revenues
Service						$	699					$	635					10.1		%				$	1,389					$	1,226					13.3		%
Equipment						404						332						21.7						777						624						24.5
Total Segment Operating Revenues						1,103						967						14.1						2,166						1,850						17.1
Segment Operating Expenses
Operations and support						925						821						12.7						1,808						1,559						16.0
Depreciation and amortization						172						185						(7.0)						349						360						(3.1)
Total Segment Operating Expenses						1,097						1,006						9.0						2,157						1,919						12.4
Operating Income (Loss)						$	6					$	(39)					—		%				$	9					$	(69)					—		%

The following tables highlight other key measures of performance for Mexico:

Subscribers
																								June 30,												Percent
(in 000s)																								2024						2023						Change
Mexico Wireless Subscribers
Postpaid																								5,494						5,030						9.2		%
Prepaid																								16,809						16,196						3.8
Reseller																								333						463						(28.1)
Total Mexico Wireless Subscribers																								22,636						21,689						4.4		%

AT&T INC.

JUNE 30, 2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

Mexico Wireless Net Additions
						Second Quarter																		Six-Month Period
																		Percent																		Percent
(in 000s)						2024						2023						Change						2024						2023						Change
Mexico Wireless Net Additions
Postpaid						142						56						—		%				258						105						—		%
Prepaid						67						50						34.0						146						(8)						—
Reseller						(32)						(30)						(6.7)						(84)						(11)						—
Total Mexico Wireless Net Additions						177						76						—		%				320						86						—		%

Service revenues increased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024. The increase in the second quarter was primarily due to growth in subscribers and ARPU, as well as favorable foreign exchange impacts. The increase for the first six months reflects favorable exchange rates primarily from the first quarter of 2024, with subscriber and ARPU growth also contributing to higher revenues.

Equipment revenues increased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, primarily driven by higher equipment sales and favorable foreign exchange impacts.

Operations and support expenses increased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, primarily due to increased equipment and selling costs resulting from higher sales and unfavorable impact of foreign exchange. Approximately 4% of Mexico expenses are U.S. dollar based, with the remainder in the local currency.

Depreciation and amortization expense decreased in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024, primarily driven by lower in-service assets, partially offset by unfavorable impact of foreign exchange.

Operating income improved in the second quarter and for the first six months of 2024. Our Mexico operating income margin in the second quarter increased from (4.0)% in 2023 to 0.5% in 2024 and for the first six months increased from (3.7)% in 2023 to 0.4% in 2024. Our Mexico EBITDA margin in the second quarter increased from 15.1% in 2023 to 16.1% in 2024 and for the first six months increased from 15.7% in 2023 to 16.5% in 2024.

COMPETITIVE AND REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT

Overview AT&T subsidiaries operating within the United States are subject to federal and state regulatory authorities. AT&T subsidiaries operating outside the United States are subject to the jurisdiction of national and supranational regulatory authorities in the markets where service is provided.

In the Telecommunications Act of 1996 (Telecom Act), Congress established a national policy framework intended to bring the benefits of competition and investment in advanced telecommunications facilities and services to all Americans by opening all telecommunications markets to competition and reducing or eliminating regulatory burdens that harm consumer welfare. Nonetheless, since then, the FCC and some state regulatory commissions have maintained, re-imposed or expanded certain regulatory requirements that were imposed decades ago on our traditional wireline subsidiaries when they operated as legal monopolies. Recently, the FCC’s regulatory approach has depended on control of the executive branch, eliminating a variety of antiquated and unnecessary regulations in a number of areas, while imposing or re-imposing regulations in other areas. We continue to support regulatory and legislative measures and efforts, at both the state and federal levels, to reduce inappropriate regulatory burdens that inhibit our ability to compete effectively and offer needed services to our customers, including initiatives to transition services from traditional networks to all IP-based networks. At the same time, we also seek to ensure that legacy regulations are not further extended to broadband or wireless services, which are subject to vigorous competition.

Until 2015, the FCC classified fixed and mobile consumer broadband internet access services as information services subject to minimal regulation. In 2015, the FCC reclassified such services as telecommunications services subject to broader regulation by the FCC and imposed “net neutrality rules.” Since then, the FCC has twice reversed course, most recently again reclassifying such services as telecommunications services subject to broader regulation by the FCC in an order adopted on April 25, 2024, and scheduled to take effect on July 22, 2024. Multiple trade associations and other parties have challenged the FCC’s

AT&T INC.

JUNE 30, 2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

reclassification decision in appeals consolidated in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. The trade associations have petitioned the Sixth Circuit to stay the FCC’s order. On July 12, 2024, the Sixth Circuit issued a temporary administrative stay of the FCC order until August 5, 2024, and requested additional briefing from the parties on the impact of the recent United States Supreme Court decision in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo.

Since 2018, some states have adopted legislation or issued executive orders that established state net neutrality rules, including California and Vermont. We expect additional states may seek to impose net neutrality and other requirements on broadband in the future.

On November 15, 2021, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA) was signed into law. The legislation appropriates $65,000 to support broadband deployment and adoption. The National Telecommunications and Information Agency (NTIA) is responsible for distributing more than $48,000 of this funding, including $42,500 in state grants for broadband deployment projects in unserved and underserved areas through the Broadband, Equity, Access, and Deployment (BEAD) Programs. NTIA and states are in the process of administering these grants. Where appropriate, AT&T has applied for, and in some cases has been awarded, and may continue to apply for grants under this or other government infrastructure programs. The IIJA also appropriated $14,200 for establishment of the Affordable Connectivity Program (ACP), an FCC-administered monthly, low-income broadband benefit program, replacing the Emergency Broadband Benefit program (established in December 2020 by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021). Qualifying customers can receive up to thirty dollars per month (or seventy-five dollars per month for those on Tribal lands) to assist with their internet bill. AT&T participated in the ACP program. On March 4, 2024, the FCC announced that absent additional funding from Congress, April 2024 would be the last fully funded month for the ACP benefit. The ACP has now ended.

On November 15, 2023, the FCC adopted rules to “facilitate” equal access to broadband and prevent digital discrimination in broadband access. The rules, which became effective March 22, 2024, prohibit covered entities from implementing policies or practices not justified by genuine issues of technical or economic feasibility, that differentially impact consumers’ access to broadband internet access service based on prohibited characteristics (including income level, race, and ethnicity) or that have such differential impact, whether intentional or not. The rules broadly apply prospectively to all aspects of an ISP’s service that could impact a consumer’s ability to access broadband, including deployment, marketing, and credit checks, among other things. We may be required to answer complaints alleging that the company has violated the FCC rules and those complaints may seek relief, including changes to our business practices or civil forfeitures that could result in significant costs or reputational harm. It is currently uncertain how the FCC will implement and enforce these new rules. Several business and consumer-oriented associations have filed appeals challenging the rules and those appeals have been consolidated in the Eighth Circuit.

Privacy-related legislation continues to be adopted or considered in a number of jurisdictions. Legislative, regulatory and litigation actions could result in increased costs of compliance, further regulation or claims against broadband internet access service providers and others, and increased uncertainty in the value and availability of data.

During 2020-2021, we deployed 5G nationwide on “low band” spectrum on macro towers. Executing on recent spectrum purchases, we announced ongoing construction and continuing deployment of 5G on 3.45 GHz and C-band spectrum in 2022 and beyond. Additional spectrum will be needed industrywide for 5G and future services. In 2023, the federal government released a national spectrum strategy that focused on spectrum sharing but did not include specific timelines to make additional spectrum bands available for 5G and future generations of service. As a result, the federal government’s ability and intent to make sufficient spectrum available to the industry in needed timeframes remains uncertain.

AT&T INC.

JUNE 30, 2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

For six months ended June 30,			2024						2023
Cash provided by operating activities			$	16,640					$	16,600
Cash used in investing activities			(6,977)						(9,241)
Cash used in financing activities			(13,293)						(1,530)

			June 30,						December 31,
			2024						2023
Cash and cash equivalents			$	3,093					$	6,722
Total debt			130,604						137,331

We had $3,093 in cash and cash equivalents available at June 30, 2024, decreasing $3,629 since December 31, 2023. Cash and cash equivalents included cash of $1,094 and money market funds and other cash equivalents of $1,999. Approximately $1,397 of our cash and cash equivalents were held by our foreign entities in accounts predominantly outside of the U.S. and may be subject to restrictions on repatriation.

For the first six months of 2024, cash inflows were primarily provided by cash receipts from operations, including cash from our sale and transfer of our receivables to third parties, issuance of commercial paper and distributions from DIRECTV. These inflows were exceeded by cash used to meet the needs of the business, including, but not limited to, payment of operating expenses. The cash generated from operating activities was used to repay short-term borrowings and long-term debt, funding capital expenditures and vendor financing payments, and dividend payments to stockholders. We maintain availability under our credit facilities and our commercial paper program to meet our short-term liquidity requirements.

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

During the first six months of 2024, cash provided by operating activities was $16,640, compared to $16,600 for the first six months of 2023, reflecting operational growth and timing of working capital associated with device payments, as well as the first-quarter 2024 expansion of committed, cost-efficient receivable sales programs.

We actively manage the timing of our supplier payments for operating items to optimize the use of our cash. Among other things, we seek to make payments on 90-day or greater terms, while providing the suppliers with access to bank facilities that permit earlier payments at their cost (referred to as supplier financing program). In addition, for payments to suppliers of handset inventory, as part of our working capital initiatives, we have arrangements that allow us to extend the stated payment terms by up to 90 days at an additional cost to us (referred to as direct supplier financing). The net impact of direct supplier financing, including principal and interest payments, was to decrease cash from operating activities approximately $2,120 and $2,100 for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. All supplier financing payments are due within one year. (See Note 10)

Cash Used in Investing Activities

For the first six months of 2024, cash used in investing activities totaled $6,977 and consisted primarily of $8,118 (including interest during construction) for capital expenditures. During the first six months of 2024, we also paid $266 in cash on FirstNet sustainability payment. During the first six months of 2024, we received a return of investment of $586 from DIRECTV representing distributions in excess of cumulative equity in earnings from DIRECTV (see Note 9).

For capital improvements, we have negotiated favorable vendor payment terms of 120 days or more (referred to as vendor financing) with some of our vendors, which are excluded from capital expenditures and reported as financing activities. For the first six months of 2024, vendor financing payments were $1,391, compared to $3,756 for the first six months of 2023. Capital expenditures for the first six months of 2024 were $8,118, and when including $1,391 cash paid for vendor financing, capital investment was $9,509 ($2,852 lower than the prior-year comparable period).

The vast majority of our capital expenditures are spent on our networks, including product development and related support systems. During the first six months of 2024, we placed $523 of productive assets (primarily software) in service under vendor

AT&T INC.

JUNE 30, 2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

financing arrangements (compared to $1,341 in the prior-year comparable period). The amount of capital expenditures is influenced by demand for services and products, capacity needs and network enhancements.

Cash Provided by or Used in Financing Activities

For the first six months of 2024, cash used in financing activities totaled $13,293 and was comprised of debt issuances and repayments, payments of dividends and vendor financing payments.

A tabular summary of our debt activities for the six months ended June 30, 2024 is as follows:

			First Quarter			Second Quarter						Six months ended June 30, 2024
Net commercial paper borrowings			$	428		$	262					$	690
Repayments
USD notes			$	(2,300)		$	(1,615)					$	(3,915)
EUR notes			(2,181)			(32)						(2,213)
CAD notes			—			(442)						(442)
Other			(204)			(136)						(340)
Repayments of long-term debt			$	(4,685)		$	(2,225)					$	(6,910)

The weighted average interest rate of our long-term debt portfolio, including credit agreement borrowings and the impact of derivatives, was approximately 4.2% as of June 30, 2024 and as of December 31, 2023. We had $126,253 of total notes and debentures outstanding at June 30, 2024. This also included Euro, British pound sterling, Canadian dollar, Swiss franc, and Australian dollar denominated debt that totaled approximately $32,113.

At June 30, 2024, we had $5,249 of debt maturing within one year, consisting of $2,693 of commercial paper borrowings and $2,556 of long-term debt issuances. The weighted average interest rate on our outstanding short-term borrowings was approximately 5.5% as of June 30, 2024 and 6.0% as of December 31, 2023.

For the first six months of 2024, we paid $1,391 of cash under our vendor financing program, compared to $3,756 in the prior-year comparable period. Total vendor financing payables included in our June 30, 2024 consolidated balance sheet were $1,827, with $883 due within one year (in “Accounts payable and accrued liabilities”) and the remainder predominantly due within five years (in “Other noncurrent liabilities”).

At June 30, 2024, we had approximately 144 million shares remaining from our share repurchase authorizations approved by the Board of Directors in 2014.

We paid dividends on common and preferred shares of $4,133 during the first six months of 2024, compared with $4,097 for the first six months of 2023.

Dividends on common stock declared by our Board of Directors totaled $0.5550 per share in the first six months of 2024 and 2023. Our dividend policy considers the expectations and requirements of stockholders, capital funding requirements of AT&T and long-term growth opportunities.

Credit Facilities

The following summary of our various credit and loan agreements does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to each agreement filed as exhibits to our Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We use credit facilities as a tool in managing our liquidity status. We currently have one $12,000 revolving credit agreement that terminates on November 18, 2028 (Revolving Credit Agreement). No amount was outstanding under the Revolving Credit Agreement as of June 30, 2024.

We also utilize other external financing sources, which include various credit arrangements supported by government agencies to support network equipment purchases as well as a commercial paper program.

AT&T INC.

JUNE 30, 2024

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations- Continued

Dollars in millions except per share amounts

Our Revolving Credit Agreement contains covenants that are customary for an issuer with investment grade senior debt credit rating as well as a net debt-to-EBITDA financial ratio covenant requiring AT&T to maintain, as of the last day of each fiscal quarter, a ratio of not more than 3.75-to-1. As of June 30, 2024, we were in compliance with the covenants for our credit facilities.

Collateral Arrangements

Most of our counterparty collateral arrangements require cash collateral posting by AT&T only when derivative market values exceed certain thresholds. Under these arrangements, which cover the majority of our approximate $37,100 derivative portfolio, counterparties are still required to post collateral. During the first six months of 2024, we posted approximately $15 of cash collateral, on a net basis. Cash postings under these arrangements vary with changes in credit ratings and netting agreements. (See Note 7)

Other

Our total capital consists of debt (long-term debt and debt maturing within one year), redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity. Our capital structure does not include debt issued by our equity method investments. At June 30, 2024, our debt ratio was 51.8%, compared to 54.8% at June 30, 2023 and 53.5% at December 31, 2023. The debt ratio is affected by the same factors that affect total capital, and reflects our recent debt issuances, repayments and reclassifications related to redemption of noncontrolling interests.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Asset Valuations and Impairments As discussed in Note 1 of our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K, goodwill and other indefinite-lived assets are tested for impairment at least annually as of October 1, generally utilizing a quantitative approach. While an interim quantitative impairment was not warranted in the second quarter of 2024, because of the industry-wide secular decline of legacy voice, which has led to a faster-than-anticipated rate of decline for our legacy voice services in our Business Wireline reporting unit, and the potential of sustained higher discount rates, it is possible that the book values of one or more of our reporting units will exceed their respective fair values, which may result in the recognition of a noncash impairment of goodwill and/or indefinite-lived intangible assets in the third or fourth quarters of 2024 that could be material.