Teradyne 10-K 2024-12-31

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT

PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

(MARK ONE)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31**,** 2024

OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 001-06462

TERADYNE, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (978) 370-2700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (check one):

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2024, was approximately $24.0 billion based upon the closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock on the Nasdaq Stock Market on that date.

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s only class of Common Stock as of February 14, 2025, was 161,718,766 shares.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement in connection with its 2024 annual meeting of shareholders are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

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TERADYNE, INC.

IN****DEX

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TERADYNE, INC.

FORM 10-K

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains “forward-looking statements” regarding Teradyne's future business prospects, financial performance or position and results of operations. When used herein, the words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “plan,” “could,” “may,” “will,” “believe,” “estimate,” “goal,” or other comparable terms are intended to identify forward-looking statements although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, those discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and elsewhere, and in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements which reflect management’s analysis only as of the date hereof and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated or implied. Teradyne assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements for any reason, except as may be required by law.

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PA****RT I

Teradyne, Inc. (“Teradyne”) was founded in 1960 and is a leading global supplier of automated test equipment and robotics solutions.

We design, develop, manufacture and sell automated test systems and robotics products. Our automated test systems are used to test semiconductors, wireless products, data storage and complex electronics systems in many industries including consumer electronics, wireless, automotive, industrial, computing, communications, and aerospace and defense industries. Our robotics products include collaborative robotic arms and autonomous mobile robots (“AMRs”) used by global manufacturing, logistics and industrial customers to improve quality, increase manufacturing and material handling efficiency and decrease manufacturing and logistics costs. Our automated test equipment and robotics products and services include:

semiconductor test (“Semiconductor Test”) systems;

robotics (“Robotics”) products; and

defense/aerospace (“Defense/Aerospace”) test instrumentation and systems, circuit-board test and inspection (“Production Board Test”) systems, and wireless test systems (referred collectively as "All Other").

The market for our test products is concentrated with a limited number of significant customers accounting for a substantial portion of the purchases of test equipment. A few customers drive significant demand for our products both through direct sales and sales to the customer’s supply partners. We expect that sales of our test products will continue to be concentrated with a limited number of significant customers for the foreseeable future.

In 2024, we saw strength in our Semiconductor Test business, with memory and compute offerings growing considerably compared to 2023. We expect mobile, automotive, and industrial will grow in 2025 and that recent advancements in AI inference may help mid-term recovery in these markets. Beyond AI compute, we are investing in other areas of the semiconductor test market that offer the opportunity for accelerating long-term growth, including power semi-conductors and the shift towards vertically integrated products ("VIPs"). We have seen the benefits start to materialize in 2024 and expect them to continue through the mid-term.

2024 was a very weak industrial automation market resulting in a year-over-year decline in Robotics revenues while outperforming our peer group. In 2024, we built key OEM, systems integrators and large account strategic partnerships which will strengthen our go to market for years to come. Introduction of new products, including the MiR 1200 Pallet Jack, will further expand our available markets to support our growth.

On May 27, 2024, we paid 483.1 million Euros, equivalent to $524.1 million, to purchase a combination of previously issued and outstanding shares and shares newly issued by Technoprobe, S.p.A. ("Technoprobe"). The shares purchased represent 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of Technoprobe. We also received a board seat as part of the purchase. Additionally, as part of the transaction, we completed the sale of the Device Interface Solutions ("DIS") business, a component of our Semiconductor Test segment, to Technoprobe for $85.0 million in cash, net of cash and cash equivalents sold, and a customary working capital adjustment. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $57.1 million recorded as 'Gain on sale of business' in the consolidated statement of operations.

Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars. While revenues in our test businesses are predominantly in U.S. dollars, the majority of our Robotics revenue is denominated in foreign currencies. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar would negatively affect Robotics revenue growth in 2025.

Our corporate strategy for our test businesses is to profitably grow market share while in Robotics, we plan to profitably grow revenue through the introduction of differentiated products targeting expanding markets. Our capital allocation plan will continue to be balanced between investing in organic and inorganic growth and returning cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.

Investor Information

We are a Massachusetts corporation incorporated on September 23, 1960. We are subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”). We file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The SEC maintains an internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file documents electronically.

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You can access financial and other information, including the charters of our Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Conduct, by clicking the Investors link on our web site at www.teradyne.com. We make available, free of charge, copies of our filings with the SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act through our web site as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the SEC.

Products

Semiconductor Test

We design, manufacture, sell and support Semiconductor Test products and services and hard disk drives on a worldwide basis. The test systems we provide are used for wafer level, device package testing, and system level testing of semiconductor devices. These devices are used in automotive, industrial, communications, consumer, smartphones, cloud, computer and electronic game applications, among others. Semiconductor devices span a broad range of functionality, from very simple low-cost devices such as appliance microcontrollers, operational amplifiers or voltage regulators to complex digital signal processors, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (“AI/ML”) training, high performance computing and microprocessors as well as memory devices. Semiconductor Test products and services are sold to integrated device manufacturers (“IDMs”) that integrate the fabrication of silicon wafers into their business, “Fabless” companies that outsource the manufacturing of silicon wafers, “Foundries” that cater to the processing and manufacturing of silicon wafers, and semiconductor assembly and test providers (“OSATs”) that provide test and assembly services for the final packaged devices to both Fabless companies and IDMs. Fabless companies perform the design of integrated circuits and use Foundries for wafer manufacturing and OSATs for test and assembly. Our customers obtain the overall benefit of comprehensively testing devices and reducing the total costs associated with testing by using our Semiconductor Test systems to:

improve and control product quality;

measure and improve product performance;

reduce time to market; and

increase production yields.

Our FLEX Test Platform architecture advances our core technologies to produce test equipment that is designed for high efficiency multi-site testing. Multi-site testing involves the simultaneous testing of many devices in parallel. Leading semiconductor manufacturers are using multi-site testing to significantly improve their “Cost of Test” economics. The FLEX Test Platform architecture addresses customer requirements through the following key capabilities:

A high efficiency multi-site architecture that reduces tester overhead such as instrument setup, synchronization and data movement, and signal processing;

The IG-XL™ software operating system which provides fast program development, including instant conversion from single to multi-site test; and

Broad technology coverage by instruments designed to cover the range of test parameters, coupled with a universal slot test head design that allows easy test system reconfiguration to address changing test needs.

FLEX Test Platform purchases are made by IDMs, OSATs, Foundries and Fabless customers. The FLEX Test Platform has become a widely used test solution at OSATs by providing versatile testers that can handle the widest range of devices, allowing OSATs to leverage their capital investments. The broad consumer, automotive and broadband markets have historically driven most of the device volume growth in the semiconductor industry. These markets include mobile phones and tablets, PCs, servers, networking and automotive electronics. These end use markets continue to be drivers for the FLEX Test Platform family of products because they require a wide range of technologies and instrument coverage. In 2019, we introduced our next generation UltraFLEXPlus tester, the newest member of the UltraFLEX family, which uses the new PACETM architecture to deliver superior economics and fast time to market for complex digital devices.

Our J750™ test system shares the IG-XL software environment with the family of FLEX Test Platform systems. The J750 is designed to handle high volume semiconductor devices, such as microcontrollers, that are central to the functionality of almost every consumer electronics product, from small appliances to automobiles. J750 test systems combine compact packaging, high throughput and ease of production test. We extended the J750 platform technology to create the IP750 Image Sensor™ test system. The IP750 is focused on testing image sensor devices used in smartphones, automobiles and other imaging products. We have continued to invest in

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the J750 platform with new instrument releases that bring new capabilities to existing market segments and expand the J750 platform to new devices that include high end microcontrollers and the latest generation of image sensors.

Our Magnum platform addresses the requirements of mass production test of memory devices for flash and DRAM memory. Flash and DRAM memory are widely used core building blocks in modern electronic products finding wide application in consumer, industrial, and computing equipment. Our Magnum 7 solution is designed for parallel memory test in the flash, DRAM and multi-chip package markets while our Magnum platform called Magnum EPIC giving us full product coverage of the memory test market.

Our ETS platform is used by semiconductor manufacturers and assembly and test subcontractors, primarily in the analog/mixed signal markets that cover cost sensitive applications. Our proprietary SmartPin™ technology enables high efficiency multi-site testing on an individual test system permitting greater test throughput. Semiconductors tested by ETS platform systems are incorporated into a wide range of products in historically high-growth markets including mobile devices, automotive electronics, computer peripherals, and notebook and desktop computers. The Eagle platform includes the ETS-88 which is a high performance multi-site production test system designed to test a wide variety of high volume power and precision devices including Silicon Carbide ("SiC") and Gallium Nitride ("GaN") power devices used in vehicle electrification. The ETS-800, a high performance multi-site production test system, is used to test high complexity power devices in automotive, industrial and consumer applications.

The Integrated System Test group is comprised of our system level test ("SLT") testers and our hard disk drive ("HDD") testers. Our SLT testers for the semiconductor production market are used to test devices following wafer and package test. SLT testers address customer requirements related to factory density, throughput and thermal performance. HDD products address the high throughput and automated manufacturing test requirements of hard disk drive and semiconductor manufacturers. Our HDD products address the client and enterprise storage markets. The client market is driven by the needs of desktop, laptop, and external HDD storage products. The enterprise market is driven by the needs of data centers and cloud storage.

Robotics

Our Robotics segment is comprised of two business units: Universal Robots and Mobile Industrial Robots.

Universal Robots

Universal Robots is a leading provider of collaborative robots ("cobots") used across various industries, including automotive, food & beverage, metal & machining, electronics, pharmaceutical, and in education. Founded in 2005 and headquartered in Odense, Denmark, Universal Robots aims to create a world where people work with robots, not like robots. Its mission is simple: “Automation for anyone. Anywhere.”

Since introducing the world's first commercially viable cobot in 2008, Universal Robots has sold over 75,000 cobots worldwide and has developed a product portfolio reflecting a range of reaches and payloads, including the UR3e, UR5e, UR10e, UR16e, UR20 and UR30 robots. All models are robust, built to withstand a wide range of industrial environments, and can be easily integrated into existing production setups, providing a number of game-changing benefits:

Straightforward programming – UR's intuitive software, PolyScope, enables users to program a cobot easily and have an application up and running within a few hours.

High return on investment – cobots require a lower initial investment than traditional robotics and have an average payback time of 12-18 months.

Versatile deployment – cobots' high degree of flexibility allows customers to change the task and pace of the cobot according to production demands.

Collaborative-capable safety functions – following a risk assessment, most cobots can seamlessly operate alongside employees, assisting with dull, dirty, and dangerous tasks.

Cutting-edge precision engineering – UR's global team of talented engineers creatively tackles customer challenges, ensuring our cobots are rigorously tested and built for demanding industrial tasks.

An extensive ecosystem has grown around the company's cobot, technology creating innovation and choice for customers and a wide range of components, kits and solutions to suit every application. UR also provides an all-encompassing customer experience including UR Academy - an award-winning training program, available both online and in person in more than 120 training centers worldwide, and three tiers of service offerings carefully designed to accelerate customer success.

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Universal Robots has recently established global Centers of Excellence for Welding, Palletizing, and Machine Tending applications. These centers, led by subject matter experts, serve as knowledge hubs, offering expert recommendations and guidance on the latest trends in the field to UR partners and key customers worldwide.

Mobile Industrial Robots

MiR is a leading provider of autonomous mobile robots ("AMRs") for the manufacturing and logistics segments. MiR AMRs enhance productivity, offering a high return on investment by streamlining workforce efficiency, reducing lead times, and improving workplace safety. These AMRs operate autonomously, eliminating the need for traditional guidance infrastructure. MiR currently offers three deckload AMR models, each supporting a different payload capacity—MiR250, MiR600, and MiR1350—as well as a pallet jack AMR—MiR1200 Pallet Jack—all managed by our unified fleet management software, MiR Fleet.

All models can be easily integrated into existing production environments. MiR’s products are differentiated by their:

Ease of Use and Speed of Deployment: Our robots are designed for quick deployment and flexibility, allowing customers to adapt tasks based on changing demands.

Safe Operations: Equipped with 360 safety coverage, our robots navigate around static and dynamic obstacles, ensuring safety in busy environments.

Reliable Autonomous Navigation: MiR robots demonstrate consistent, reliable navigation across large manufacturing and warehouse areas.

Short Payback Period: With an average payback period of 12–24 months, MiR's products provide a swift return on investment.

System Test

Our System Test operating segment is comprised of two business units: Defense/Aerospace and Production Board Test.

Defense/Aerospace

We are a leading provider of high performance test systems, subsystems, instruments and service for the defense and aerospace markets. Our test products are used to ensure the readiness of military and commercial aerospace electronics systems. New programs, such as tactical aircraft and missile systems, as well as upgrade programs, continue to fuel the demand for high performance test systems in this market. Our test products are well-suited to the demands of defense/aerospace electronics manufacturers and repair depots worldwide. Our leadership in this market is underscored by our success with major Department of Defense programs across all U.S. military service branches and many allied defense services worldwide.

Production Board Test

Our test systems are used by electronics manufacturers and OEMs worldwide to perform In-Circuit-Test (“ICT”) and device programming of printed circuit board assemblies. Fast, accurate and cost-effective test capabilities are hallmark features of our Test Station product families. We offer the Test Station in off-line and automated in-line configurations. The automated in-line configurations address the growing requirements for automating production lines for high volume applications, such as automotive electronics, computing, and communications.

Wireless Test

Our Wireless Test operating segment is a business unit run under the LitePoint brand name providing wireless test solutions for silicon validation, wireless module manufacturing, and wireless end device manufacturing. LitePoint wireless test systems span design verification to high volume manufacturing and are deployed across the entire production chain from wireless chipset suppliers to consumer brands.

Sales and Distribution

In each of the years, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our five largest direct customers in aggregate accounted for 36%, 32% and 26% of our consolidated revenues, respectively.

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OSAT customers often purchase our test systems based upon recommendations from OEMs, IDMs and Fabless companies. In all cases when an OSAT customer purchases a test system from us, we consider the OSAT as the customer since credit risk, title and risk of loss, among other things, are between Teradyne and the OSAT. In 2024, we estimate consolidated revenues driven by Samsung, a customer of our Semiconductor Test and Wireless Test segments, combining direct and indirect sales, accounted for appropriately 12.5% of our consolidated revenues. In 2023, revenues driven by Texas Instruments Inc., a customer of our Semiconductor Test segment, accounted for 10% of our consolidated revenues. In 2022, we estimate consolidated revenues driven by Qualcomm, a customer of our Semiconductor Test, System Test, and Wireless Test operating segments, combining direct and indirect sales, accounted for approximately 11% of our consolidated revenues. The loss of, or significant decrease in demand from key OEM customers or any of our five largest direct customers, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have sales and service offices located throughout North America, Central America, Asia and Europe. We sell in these areas predominantly through a direct sales force, except for Robotics products, which are sold principally through distributors and OEMs. Our manufacturing activities for our test businesses are primarily conducted through subcontractors and outsourced contract manufacturers with significant operations in Malaysia. The manufacturing activities for our Robotics businesses are done primarily in our production facilities in Denmark and the U.S.

Sales to customers outside the United States were 87%, 84%, and 85%, respectively, of our consolidated revenues in 2024, 2023 and 2022. Sales are attributed to geographic areas based on the location of the customer site.

See also “Item 1A: Risk Factors” and Note U: “Operating Segment, Geographic and Significant Customer Information” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Competition

We face significant competition throughout the world in each of our reportable segments. Competitors in the Semiconductor Test segment include, among others, Advantest Corporation, SPEA S.p.A., and Cohu, Inc.

Competitors in our Robotics segment include manufacturers of traditional industrial robots such as KUKA Robotics Corporation, ABB, FANUC, Staubli and Yaskawa Electric Corporation, companies with emerging collaborative robot offerings such as Techman, Doosan, Jaka, and AUBO Robotics, and manufacturers of autonomous mobile robots in the material handling space such as Omron, Rockwell Automation, Junion, HikRobot, Agilox, and KION.

Competitors in the System Test operating segment include, among others, Advantest Corporation and Test Research, Inc.

Competitors in our Wireless Test operating segment include, among others, Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG, Anritsu Company, National Instruments Corporation, Welzek and iTest.

Some of our competitors may have greater financial and other resources to pursue engineering, manufacturing, marketing, and distribution of their products. We also face competition from emerging Asian companies and from internal supply at several of our customers. Some of our competitors have introduced or announced new products with certain performance characteristics which may be considered equal or superior to those we currently offer. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the performance of their current products and to introduce new products or new technologies that provide improved cost of ownership and performance characteristics. See also “Item 1A: Risk Factors.”

Backlog

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, our backlog of unfilled orders in our reportable segments was as follows:

Customers may delay delivery of products or cancel orders without advanced notice, subject to possible cancellation penalties. Due to possible customer changes in delivery schedules and cancellation of orders, our backlog at any particular date is not necessarily

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indicative of the actual sales for any succeeding period. Delays in delivery schedules or cancellations of backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Raw Materials

Our products contain electronic and mechanical components that are provided by a wide range of suppliers. Some of these components are standard products, while others are manufactured to our specifications. We have experienced delays in obtaining timely delivery of certain components. These delays have impacted and may continue to impact the manufacturing of certain products and the timing of delivery of those products to our customers. While the majority of our components are available from multiple suppliers, certain items are obtained from sole sources. We may experience a temporary adverse impact if any of our sole source suppliers delay or cease to deliver products.

Intellectual Property and Licenses

The development of our products, both hardware and software, is based in significant part on proprietary information, our brands and technology. We protect our rights in proprietary information, brands and technology through various methods, such as:

patents;

copyrights;

trademarks;

trade secrets;

standards of business conduct and related business practices; and

technology license agreements, software license agreements, non-disclosure agreements, employment agreements, and other agreements.

However, these protections might not be effective in all circumstances. Competitors might independently develop similar technology or exploit our proprietary information and our brands in countries where we lack enforceable intellectual property rights or where enforcement of such rights through the legal system provides an insufficient deterrent. Also, intellectual property protections can lapse or be invalidated through appropriate legal processes. We do not believe that any single piece of intellectual property or proprietary rights is essential to our business.

Human Capital

We believe that our future success depends upon our continued ability to attract, develop, and retain a high-performance workforce bound by shared values. As of December 31, 2024, we employed approximately 6,500 employees, of whom approximately 2,200 were employed in the United States and approximately 4,300 were employed outside of the United States. Our largest non-US employee populations are in the Philippines (18%), Denmark (12%), China (7%), Costa Rica (7%) and Taiwan (5%). We also leverage contractors to provide flexibility for our business and manufacturing needs. As of December 31, 2024, we worked with approximately 400 contractors globally. Since the inception of our business, we have experienced no work stoppages or other labor disturbances.

Corporate Culture

Our core values are conducting business with honesty and integrity, collaborating with our colleagues as a company without doors, and partnering with our customers every step of the way, because customers count on us.

We strive to foster a positive work environment that helps employees thrive. It is a priority for us to ensure that our people feel inspired, supported, safe and able to achieve their personal best. We are committed to equality through nondiscrimination, harassment prevention and pay equity policies. We value a diverse, inclusive and respectful work environment where all employees enjoy challenging assignments, development opportunities and a safe, positive culture.

We are committed to conducting business in a responsible manner, with strategic operational policies, procedures and values that support transparency, sustainability and legal compliance. We ensure ethical operations and business commitments through robust governance of the company’s code of conduct and global environmental, health and safety programs.

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Competitive Pay and Benefits

The primary objective of our compensation program is to provide a compensation and benefits package that will continue to attract, retain, motivate and reward high performing employees who operate in a highly competitive and technologically challenging environment. We seek to achieve this objective by linking a meaningful portion of compensation to company and business unit performance. We enable employees worldwide to share in the success of the company through various programs including a stock purchase program, equity compensation and bonus plans. We seek competitiveness and fairness in total compensation with reference to peer comparisons and internal equity.

In addition to providing our employees with competitive compensation packages, we offer benefits designed to meet the needs of employees and their families worldwide, including paid time off, parental leave, bereavement leave, health insurance coverage, flexible work arrangements, contributions to retirement savings, and access to employee assistance and work-life programs.

Employee Development and Training

We believe that employee development and training is a key factor in attracting, motivating, improving and retaining a strong, competitive global workforce. We provide continual development to our employees focused on developing their job skills and competencies. Examples include new manager competencies like giving feedback and coaching, and training in software development tools and project management. Our employees worldwide also receive annual performance reviews and are involved in setting goals for their own development and performance. Employees and managers look back on the previous year, review career development plans and create goals for the next year.

We are committed to recruiting and developing talent at the collegiate level to help advance Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (“STEM”) education for the future workforce. For example, our paid internships and entry-level positions offer real-world experience, and our co-op program offers higher education students a unique learning opportunity as students alternate one semester in a work assignment and one semester in the classroom. Additionally, we offer reimbursement for educational courses related to an employee’s work or as part of a degree program, including tuition, lab fees and books. We also offer a scholarship program for employees with college-age children, step-children and grandchildren. In 2024, approximately half of the scholarship recipients were outside of the United States.

Employee Engagement

We conduct regular employee surveys to check in with our global workforce and obtain input on a number of topics. The feedback we receive from these surveys helps us assess employee sentiment, identify areas of improvement and guides our decision-making as it relates to people management. In addition, our CEO and other executives meet with employees worldwide on a frequent basis through exchange meetings and quarterly webcasts. The exchange meetings allow the executives to directly interact with a small group of employees, while the global webcasts enable all employees to engage with senior leaders and ask questions in an open Q&A session.

We also offer employees worldwide an opportunity to network and connect with colleagues who share similar interests. This includes global groups such as New Employees to Teradyne, Woman’s Affinity Group, Veterans, Blue and Green (for team members that are committed to the environment), Runner’s affinity group and LGBTQ+ advocates.

Diversity and Inclusion

We believe in fostering a diverse workforce, an equitable and inclusive culture in order to build a stronger and more resilient company for our customers, our investors, our employees and our communities worldwide. To support this effort, we have developed programs and training courses for our employees, to aid in recruiting candidates from various backgrounds and experiences. We have policies regarding gender pay equity and regularly conduct audits of pay equity in the United States. We are an equal opportunity employer committed to making employment decisions without regard to race, religion, ethnicity or national origin, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, disability, protected veteran status or any other characteristics protected by law.

We have a tradition of amplifying the charitable actions of our employees and responding to the needs of the communities where we work. To make it easier for employees to support charitable activities and magnify the impact of support, we established a formal matching gift program, “Teradyne Gives.” The program matches up to $1,000 per year of an employee’s donations to charities of their choosing, selected from a wide range of qualified non-profit organizations.

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Additionally, advancing education for future generations is a primary initiative at Teradyne. We seek to increase the diversity of STEM graduates worldwide through our support of STEM programs at the middle, high school and collegiate level. We also donate test equipment and robots to colleges, universities, and vocational programs.

Health and Safety

The health and safety of our employees worldwide is our highest priority. We are committed to complying with all applicable regulatory health and safety requirements wherever we operate. We conduct internal audits, regular reviews and monitoring of regulations to ensure compliance with laws and regulations at the local, state, province and country levels. We ensure workers are provided with the knowledge to perform their jobs safely by deploying mandatory environmental, health and safety training. We also require contractors to complete safety training prior to working at any Teradyne site. We monitor, track and report common safety metrics such as accidents, near misses and illness. Our injury and illness rate is below the industry average. We also provide our employees with a flexible and adjustable workspace, which includes reviewing ergonomics issues in the workplace, educating employees to self-identify risks and ensuring they have the work environment they need to do their jobs safely and effectively.

Regulatory Environment

We are subject to various federal, state, and local government laws and regulations relating to international trade, business conduct, the protection of employee health and safety and the environment.

We accrue for all known environmental liabilities when it becomes probable that we will incur cleanup costs and those costs can reasonably be estimated. Estimated environmental costs are not expected to materially affect the financial position or results of our operations in future periods. However, estimates of future costs are subject to change due to protracted cleanup periods and changing environmental remediation laws and regulations.

We are subject to U.S. and foreign laws and regulations that limit and restrict the export of some of our products and services and may restrict our transactions with certain customers, business partners and other persons. In certain circumstances, export control and economic sanctions or regulations prohibit the export of certain products, services, and technologies, and in other circumstances we are required to obtain an export license before exporting the controlled item. For example, we must comply with current U.S. Department of Commerce export control regulations restricting transactions with certain customers in China. We must also comply with export restrictions and laws imposed by other countries affecting trade and investments. We maintain an export compliance program but there are risks that the compliance controls could be circumvented, exposing us to legal liabilities. Compliance with these laws has limited our sales and likely will continue to limit sales to certain customers in the future. Changes in, and responses to, U.S. trade policy could reduce the competitiveness of our products and cause our sales to drop, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The risks described below are not the only risks that we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results.

Risks Associated with Teradyne’s Markets

Our business is impacted by global and industry-specific economic cycles, which are difficult to predict, and actions we have taken or may take to offset these cycles may not be sufficient.

Capital equipment providers in the electronics, semiconductor industries and robotics, such as Teradyne, have, in the past, been negatively impacted by both sudden slowdowns in the global economies and recurring cyclicality within those industries. These cycles have resulted in periods of over-supply; a trend we believe will continue to occur. Our business and results of operations depend, in significant part, upon capital expenditures of manufacturers of semiconductors, electronics, and other industrial products, which in turn depend upon the current and anticipated market demand for those products. Disruption or deterioration in economic conditions may reduce customer purchases of our products, thereby reducing our revenues and earnings. In addition, such adverse changes in economic conditions, and resulting slowdowns in the market for our products, may, among other things, result in increased price competition for our products, increased risk of excess and obsolete inventories, increased risk in the collectability of our accounts receivable from our customers, potential reserves for credit losses and write-offs of accounts receivable, increased risk of restructuring charges, and higher operating costs as a percentage of revenues, which, in each case and together, adversely affect our operating results. We are unable to predict the likely duration, frequency and severity of disruptions in financial markets, credit availability, and adverse economic conditions throughout the world, and we cannot ensure that the level of revenues or new orders for a fiscal quarter will be sustained in subsequent quarters. We have taken actions to address the effects of general economic variability and recurring

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industry cyclicality, including implementing cost control and reduction measures. We cannot predict whether these measures will be sufficient to offset global or market-specific disruptions that might affect our businesses and we may need to take additional or different measures in the future.

We are subject to intense competition.

We face significant competition throughout the world in each of our reportable segments. Some of our competitors have substantial financial and other resources to pursue engineering, manufacturing, marketing and distribution of their products. In addition, we are subject to trade regulations imposed by the United States government, which may not impact some of our competitors. We also face competition from emerging Asian companies and internal development at several of our customers. Some of our competitors have introduced or announced new products with certain performance characteristics that may be considered equal or superior to those we currently offer. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the performance of their current products and to introduce new products or new technologies that provide improved cost of ownership and performance characteristics. New product introductions by competitors could cause a decline in revenues or loss of market acceptance of our products.

The market for our products is concentrated, and our business depends, in part, on obtaining orders from a few significant customers.

The market for our products is concentrated with a limited number of significant customers accounting for a substantial portion of the purchases of test equipment. In each of the years, 2024, 2023 and 2022, our five largest direct customers in aggregate accounted for 36%, 32% and 26% of consolidated revenues, respectively.

We estimate consolidated revenues driven by Samsung, a customer of our Semiconductor Test and Wireless Test Segments, combining direct sales to that customer with sales to the customer’s OSATs, accounted for 12.5% of our consolidated revenues in 2024.

Customer consolidation could affect our operating results.

There has been a trend toward customer consolidation in the semiconductor industry through business combinations, including mergers, asset acquisitions and strategic partnerships. If this trend continues, it could make us more dependent on fewer customers who may be able to exert increased pressure on our prices and other contract terms and could increase the portion of our total sales concentration for any single customer. Customer consolidation activity could also reduce the demand for our products and services if such customers streamline research and development or operations, reduce purchases or delay purchasing decisions. These outcomes could negatively impact our operating results and financial condition.

If we fail to develop new technologies to adapt to our customers’ needs or if our customers fail to accept our new products, our revenues will be adversely affected.

We believe that our technological position depends primarily on the technical competence and creative ability of our engineers. In a rapidly evolving market, such as ours, the development or acquisition of new technologies, commercialization of those technologies into products and market acceptance and customer demand for those products are critical to our success. Successful product development or acquisition, introduction and acceptance depend upon a number of factors, including:

new product selection;

ability to meet customer requirements including with respect to safety and cyber security;

development of competitive products by competitors;

timely and efficient completion of product design;

timely and efficient implementation of manufacturing and manufacturing processes;

timely remediation of product performance issues, if any, identified during testing;

assembly processes and product performance at customer locations;

differentiation of our products from our competitors' products;

management of customer expectations concerning product capabilities and product life cycles;

transition of customers to new product platforms;

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compliance with product safety regulations;

ability to protect products from cyber attacks when used by our customers;

ability to attract and retain technical talent; and

innovation that does not infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties.

Risks Associated with Operating a Global Business

We are subject to risks of operating internationally.

A significant portion of our consolidated revenues is derived from customers outside the United States. Our international sales and operations are subject to significant risks and difficulties, including:

unexpected changes in legal and regulatory requirements affecting international markets;

cost increases due to inflation;

changes in tariffs and exchange rates;

social, political and economic instability, acts of terrorism and international conflicts;

disruption caused by health pandemics;

difficulties in protecting intellectual property;

difficulties in accounts receivable collection;

cultural differences in the conduct of business;

difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;

compliance with anti-corruption laws;

compliance with data privacy regulations;

compliance with customs and trade regulations; and

compliance with international tax laws and regulations.

In addition, an increasing portion of our products and the products we purchase from our suppliers are sourced or manufactured in foreign locations, including Malaysia and Denmark, and a large portion of the devices our products test are fabricated and tested by foundries and subcontractors in Taiwan, China, Korea and other parts of Asia. As a result, we are subject to a number of economic and other risks, particularly during times of political, health or financial instability in these regions. Disruption of manufacturing or supply sources in these international locations could materially adversely impact our ability to fill customer orders and potentially result in lost business.

We are subject to risks associated with doing business in China.

In addition to the risks associated with the tariffs and trade regulations detailed below, we are subject to the following risks associated with doing business in China:

adverse changes in Chinese political, economic or social conditions or Chinese laws, regulations or policies, including the imposition of unexpected or confiscatory taxation, restrictions on currency conversion, imports and sources of supply, devaluations of currency, the nationalization or other expropriation of private enterprises, or the reversal of economic reform policies that encourage private economic activity, foreign investments and greater economic decentralization;

differing economic practices compared to most developed countries, including with respect to the amount of government involvement, control of foreign exchange and allocation of resources;

uncertainties presented by the Chinese legal system, which is not fully integrated and continues to rapidly evolve, impeding our ability to interpret certain Chinese laws and regulations, predict and evaluate the outcome of administrative and court proceedings and the level of legal protection to enforce contracts we have entered into in China; and Chinese controls on the convertibility of Renminbi into foreign currencies and, in certain cases, the remittance of currency out of China, restricting our ability to remit sufficient foreign currency to pay dividends or make other payments to us, or otherwise satisfy foreign currency-denominated obligations.

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The foregoing risks and the ongoing geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainty between the United States and China and the unknown impact of current and future Chinese rules and regulations, may cause increased costs, as well as restrictions on our ability to sell, or a decreased demand from customers to purchase, our products, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

The Israel-Hamas conflict may have a material impact on our Business

The Israel-Hamas conflict could have a negative impact on our future revenue and supply chain, either of which could adversely affect our business and financial results. Our customers in Israel may experience delays in product releases due to impacts to their labor force and impacts on their suppliers because of the conflict, which could materially impact demand for our products. Similarly, our suppliers in Israel may experience delays in providing us with parts due to the conflict. In addition, the global economic uncertainty following the start of the conflict could impact demand for our products.

Risks Related to Teradyne’s Finances

We may not fully realize the benefits of our acquisitions or strategic alliances.

In June 2015, we acquired Universal Robots, in 2018, we acquired Energid and MiR and, in 2019, we acquired Lemsys and AutoGuide. In May 2024, we closed on our strategic partnership agreement with Technoprobe which included Teradyne acquiring 10% of the equity in Technoprobe. We may not be able to realize the benefits of acquiring or successfully growing these businesses. We may continue to acquire additional businesses, form strategic alliances, or create joint ventures with third parties that we believe will complement or augment our existing businesses. We may not be able to realize the expected synergies and cost savings from the integration with our existing operations of other businesses or technologies that we may acquire. In addition, the integration process for our acquisitions may be complex, costly and time consuming and include unanticipated issues, expenses, and liabilities. We may have difficulty in developing, manufacturing, and marketing the products of a newly acquired company in a manner that enhances the performance of our combined businesses or product lines and allows us to realize value from expected synergies. Following an acquisition, we may not achieve the revenue or net income levels that justify the acquisition. Acquisitions may also result in one-time charges (such as acquisition-related expenses, write-offs or restructuring charges) or in the future, impairment of goodwill or acquired intangible assets, or adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities that adversely affect our operating results. Additionally, we may fund acquisitions of new businesses, strategic alliances, or joint ventures by utilizing our cash, incurring debt, issuing shares of our common stock, or by other means. Additionally, we may face restrictions pursuant to the terms of an acquisition or strategic alliance agreement.

We may incur higher tax rates than we expect and may have exposure to additional international tax liabilities and costs.

We are subject to paying income taxes in the United States and other countries where we operate. Our effective tax rate is dependent on where our earnings are generated and the tax regulations and the interpretation and judgment of administrative tax or revenue authorities in the United States and other countries. We have pursued a global tax strategy that could be adversely affected by the mix of earnings and tax rates in the countries where we operate, changes to tax laws (including but not limited to Pillar Two), tax regulations or an adverse tax ruling by administrative authorities. We are also subject to tax audits in the countries where we operate. Any material change in our tax liability resulting from changes in tax laws, tax regulations, administrative rulings or audits from an administrative tax or revenue authority could negatively affect our financial results.

As a multinational corporation, we are subject to income taxes as well as non-income-based taxes, in both the United States and various foreign jurisdictions. In certain foreign jurisdictions, we qualify for tax incentives and tax holidays based on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, various tests relating to our employment levels, research and development expenditures and other qualification requirements in a particular foreign jurisdiction. While we intend to operate in such a manner to maintain and maximize our tax incentives and tax holidays, no assurance can be given that we have so qualified or that we will qualify for any particular year or jurisdiction. If we fail to qualify or fail to remain qualified for certain foreign tax incentives and tax holidays, we may be subject to further taxation or an increase in our effective tax rate which would adversely impact our financial results. In November 2020, we entered into an agreement with the Singapore Economic Development Board which extended our Singapore tax holiday under substantially similar terms to the agreement which expired on December 31, 2020. The new tax holiday is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2025.

The tax savings attributable to the Singapore tax holiday for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were $17.1 million or $0.10 per diluted share, $1.4 million or $0.01 per diluted share, and $16.0 million or $0.09 per diluted share, respectively. These tax savings may not be achievable in subsequent years due to changes in Singapore’s tax laws, issuance of new global minimum tax laws, or the expiration of the tax holiday.

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In addition, we may incur additional costs, including headcount expenses, in order to maintain or obtain a foreign tax incentive or tax holiday in a particular foreign jurisdiction.

We have significant guarantees, indemnification, and customer confidentiality obligations.

From time to time, we make guarantees to customers regarding the delivery, price and performance of our products and guarantee certain indebtedness, performance obligations or lease commitments of our subsidiary and affiliate companies. We also have agreed to provide indemnification to our officers, directors, employees and agents, to the extent permitted by law, arising from certain events or occurrences, while the officer, director, employee or agent, is or was serving at our request in such capacity. Additionally, we have confidentiality obligations to certain customers and if breached would require the payment of significant penalties. If we become liable under any of these obligations, it could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. For additional information see Note N: “Commitments and Contingencies-Guarantees and Indemnification Obligations” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

We may discontinue or reduce our quarterly cash dividend or share repurchase program.

In January 2014, our Board of Directors initiated a quarterly cash dividend. Since 2014, the Board of Directors has increased our quarterly cash dividend from $0.06 per share to $0.12 per share. Holders of our common stock are only entitled to receive dividends when and if they are declared by our Board of Directors.

In January 2021, our Board of Directors approved a $2.0 billion share repurchase program. In 2022 and 2021, we repurchased $752.1 million, and $600.0 million, respectively of common stock. In January 2023, our Board of Directors cancelled the 2021 repurchase program and approved a new $2.0 billion share repurchase program. In 2024, we repurchased $199.4 million of common stock and, in 2023, we repurchased $400.5 million of common stock. We intend to repurchase up to $400 million in 2025. Under the share repurchase program, we may repurchase outstanding shares of our common stock from time to time in the open market and through privately negotiated transactions. Unless terminated earlier by resolution of our Board of Directors, the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the share repurchase program.

Future cash dividends and share repurchases are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend, among other things, upon our earnings, capital requirements and financial condition. While we have declared a quarterly cash dividend on our common stock and authorized a share repurchase program, we are not required to do either and may reduce or eliminate our cash dividend or share repurchase program in the future. The reduction or elimination of our cash dividend or our share repurchase program could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

We have incurred indebtedness and may incur additional indebtedness.

On May 1, 2020, we entered into a three-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of up to $400.0 million. On December 10, 2021, the credit agreement was amended to extend the maturity date of the credit facility to December 10, 2026. On October 5, 2022, the credit agreement was amended to increase the amount of the credit facility to $750.0 million from $400.0 million. The amended credit agreement provides that, subject to customary conditions, we may seek to obtain from existing or new lenders the available incremental amount under the credit facility, not to exceed the greater of $200.0 million or 15% of consolidated EBIDTA. We could borrow funds under this credit facility at any time for general corporate purposes and working capital. On May 16, 2024, we borrowed $185.0 million under this credit facility, primarily to fund our acquisition of the 10% equity interest in Technoprobe discussed above. By December 31, 2024, we had fully repaid all amounts borrowed under the credit facility. As of February 20, 2025, there are no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.

Our outstanding and any additional indebtedness, among other things, could:

make it difficult to make payments on this indebtedness and our other obligations;

make it difficult to obtain any necessary future financing for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements or other purposes;

require the dedication of a substantial portion of any cash flows from operations to service for indebtedness, thereby reducing the amount of cash flows available for other purposes, including capital expenditures, and

limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business and the industries in which we complete.

Restrictive covenants in the agreement governing our senior secured revolving credit facility may restrict our ability to pursue business strategies.

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The agreement governing our senior secured revolving credit facility limits our ability, among other things, to incur additional secured indebtedness; sell, transfer, license or dispose of assets; consolidate or merge; enter into transactions with our affiliates; and incur liens. In addition, our senior secured revolving credit facility contains financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interest, such as, subject to permitted exceptions, making capital expenditures in excess of certain thresholds, making investments, loans and other advances, and prepaying any additional indebtedness while our indebtedness under our senior secured revolving credit facility is outstanding. Our failure to comply with financial and other restrictive covenants could result in an event of default, which if not cured or waived, could result in the lenders requiring immediate payment of all outstanding borrowings or foreclosing on collateral pledged to them to secure the indebtedness.

We may not be able to pay our debt and other obligations.

If our cash flows are inadequate to meet our obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flows or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments on our senior secured revolving credit facility or certain of our other obligations, we would be in default under the terms thereof, which would permit the holders of those obligations to accelerate their maturity and also could cause defaults under future indebtedness we may incur. Any such default could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial position and operating results.

Foreign currency exchange rates and fluctuations in those rates may affect the Company’s ability to realize projected growth rates in its sales and earnings.

Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars. While revenues in our test businesses are predominantly in U.S. dollars, the majority of our Robotics revenue is denominated in foreign currencies. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar would negatively affect Robotics revenue growth.

Adverse developments affecting the financial services industry, including events or risks involving liquidity, defaults or non-performance by financial institutions, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We hold cash balances in several large financial institutions significantly in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") and global insurance limits. If banks and financial institutions with whom we have banking relationships enter receivership or become insolvent in the future, we may be unable to access, and we may lose some or all of our existing cash, cash equivalents and investments to the extent those funds are not insured or otherwise protected by the FDIC. For example, on March 10, 2023, Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB"), who is a lender in our revolving credit facility and where we maintain certain accounts and cash deposits, was placed into receivership with the FDIC, which resulted in all funds held at SVB being temporarily inaccessible by SVB’s customers. As of March 13, 2023, access to our cash and cash equivalents at SVB was fully restored. There is no guarantee that the FDIC or any other global insurer will provide access to uninsured funds in the future in the event of the closure of any other banks or financial institutions in a timely fashion or at all. Any inability to access or delay in accessing these funds could adversely affect our business, financial position, and liquidity.

Our stock price has been subject to fluctuations, and will likely continue to be subject to fluctuations, which may be volatile and due to factors beyond our control.

The market price of our common stock is subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control. In addition to the factors discussed in this "Risk Factors" section and elsewhere in this report, factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include the following:

ratings changes by any securities analysts who follow our company;

announcements by us or our competitors of significant technical innovations, acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures, or capital commitments;

changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;

changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations, or principles;

actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;

developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property or our products and platform capabilities, or third-party proprietary rights;

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cybersecurity attacks or incidents;

announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;

changes in our board of directors or management;

announced or completed equity or debt transactions involving our securities;

sales of shares of our common stock by us, our officers, directors, or other stockholders; and

other events or factors, including those resulting from global and macroeconomic conditions, including heightened inflation, rising interest rates, bank failures, and a potential recession, and speculation regarding the same, as well as public health crises, geopolitical tension, incidents of terrorism, or responses to these events.

In addition, the market for technology stocks and the stock markets in general have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations. Stock prices of many technology companies have fluctuated in a manner unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. In the past, stockholders have instituted securities class action litigation following periods of market volatility. If we were to become involved in securities litigation, it could subject us to substantial costs, divert resources and the attention of management from our business, and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and cash flows. A decline in the value of our common stock, including as a result of one or more factors set forth above, may result in substantial losses for our stockholders.

Risks Related to Operations

Our operating results are likely to fluctuate significantly.

Our operating results are affected by a wide variety of factors that could materially adversely affect revenues or profitability. The following factors could impact future operations:

a worldwide economic slowdown or disruption in the global financial or industrial markets;

cost increases from inflation on materials, employee wages, third party labor, and contract manufacturing;

competitive pressures on selling prices;

our ability to introduce, and the market acceptance of, new products;

changes in product revenues mix resulting from changes in customer demand;

the level of orders received which can be shipped in a quarter because of the tendency of customers to wait until late in a quarter to commit to purchase due to capital expenditure approvals and constraints occurring at the end of a quarter, or the hope of obtaining more favorable pricing from a competitor seeking the business;

engineering and development investments relating to new product introductions, and the expansion of manufacturing, outsourcing and engineering operations in Asia;

provisions for excess and obsolete inventory relating to the lack of demand for and the discontinuance of products;

impairment charges for certain long-lived and intangible assets, and goodwill;

an increase in the leasing of our products to customers;

disruption caused by health pandemics,

the success of sales channel expansion in Robotics;

our ability to expand our global distribution channel for our collaborative and mobile robots;

parallel or multi-site testing which could lead to a decrease in the ultimate size of the market for our semiconductor and electronic test products; and

the ability of our suppliers and subcontractors to meet product quality or delivery requirements needed to satisfy customer orders for our products, especially if consolidated revenues increase.

As a result of the foregoing and other factors, we have experienced and may continue to experience material fluctuations in future operating results on a quarterly or annual basis which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, operating results or stock price.

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If our suppliers do not meet product or delivery requirements, we could have reduced revenues and earnings.

If any of our suppliers were to cancel contracts or commitments or fail to meet the quality or delivery requirements needed to satisfy customer orders for our products, we could lose time-sensitive customer orders, have significantly decreased revenues and earnings and be subject to contractual penalties, which would have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, we rely on contract manufacturers for certain of our products, and our ability to meet customer orders for those products depends upon the timeliness and quality of the work performed by these subcontractors, over whom we do not exercise any control.

To a certain extent, we are dependent upon the ability of our suppliers and contract manufacturers to help meet increased product or delivery requirements. It may be difficult for certain suppliers to meet delivery requirements in a period of rapid growth, therefore impacting our ability to meet our customers’ demands.

Our suppliers are subject to trade regulations, including tariffs and export restrictions imposed by the United States Government and by the governments of other countries. These regulations could impact our suppliers’ ability to provide us with components for our products or could increase the price of those components.

We rely on the financial strength of our suppliers. The loss of suppliers either as a result of financial viability, bankruptcy or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

The global supply shortage of electrical components and inflationary cost increases impact our ability to meet customer demand and could adversely affect our business and financial results.

The global supply shortage of electrical components, including semiconductor chips, impacted our supply chain in 2023. As a result, we experienced and may experience in the future, increases in our lead times and costs for certain components for certain products. We may also experience delays in the delivery of some orders placed by our customers. In addition, inflationary pressures have in the past contributed to increased costs for product components along with wage inflation which yielded a minimal impact to the costs of our products, gross margin and profit for the year. In an effort to mitigate these risks, we may in some cases, incur higher costs due to investment in supply chain resiliency and to secure available inventory or have extended or non-cancellable purchase commitments with semiconductor suppliers, which introduces inventory risk if our forecasts prove inaccurate. We have also sourced components from additional suppliers and multi-sourced and pre0ordered components and finished goods inventory in some cases in an effort to reduce the impact of the adverse supply chain conditions we have experienced in the past. However, if we are unable to secure manufacturing capacities from our current or new suppliers and contract manufacturers, on acceptable terms or at all, or successfully manage our purchase commitments and inventory for components, our ability to deliver our products to our customers in the desired quantities, at competitive prices or in a timely manner may be negatively impacted for 2025. We also have been, and may continue to attempt to, offset the effect of these inflationary pressures by increasing the prices of our products. However, we may not be fully able to pass additional costs on to our customers, which could have a negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

Our operations may be adversely impacted if our outsourced contract manufacturers or service providers fail to perform.

We depend on Flex Ltd. (“Flex”) to manufacture and test our FLEX and J750 family of products from its facility in Malaysia; Plexus Corp. (“Plexus”) to manufacture and test our Magnum products from its facilities in Malaysia and Thailand and our ETS family of products from its facility in Malaysia; SAM Meerkat to manufacture and test our storage test family of products from its facilities in Malaysia and Thailand and on other contract manufacturers to manufacture other products. If for any reason these contract manufacturers cannot provide us with these products in a timely fashion, or at all, we may not be able to sell these products to our customers until we enter a similar arrangement with an alternative contract manufacturer.

If we experience a problem with our supply of products from Flex, Plexus, SAM Meerkat, or our other contract manufacturers, it may take us significant time to either manufacture the product or find an alternate contract manufacturer, which could result in substantial expense and disruption to our business.

We have also outsourced certain general and administrative functions to reputable service providers, many of which are in foreign countries, sometimes impacting communication with them because of language and time differences. Their presence in foreign countries also increases the risk they could be exposed to political and cybersecurity risk. Additionally, there may be difficulties encountered in coordinating the outsourced operations with existing functions and operations. If we fail in successfully coordinating and managing the outsourced service providers, it may cause an adverse effect on our operations which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

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Our business may suffer if we are unable to attract and retain key employees.

Competition for employees with skills we require is intense in the high technology industry. We expect intense competition for employees to continue in 2025. Our success will depend on our ability to attract and retain key technical employees. The loss of one or more key or other employees, a decrease in our ability to attract additional qualified employees, or the delay in hiring key personnel could each have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our operations, and the operations of our customers and suppliers, are subject to risks of natural catastrophic events, severe weather, widespread health epidemics, acts of war, terrorist attacks and the threat of domestic and international terrorist attacks, any one of which could result in cancellation of orders, delays in deliveries or other business activities, or loss of customers and could negatively affect our business and results of operations. In certain cases, our insurance policy may be insufficient to cover losses.

Our business is international in nature, with our sales, service and administrative personnel and our customers and suppliers located in numerous countries throughout the world. Our operations, and those of our customers and suppliers, are subject to disruption for a variety of reasons, including work stoppages, acts of war, terrorism, health epidemics, fires, earthquakes, hurricanes, typhoons, volcanic eruptions, energy shortages, telecommunication failures, tsunamis, flooding or other natural disasters. Such disruption could materially increase our costs and expenses as well as cause delays in, among other things, shipments of products to our customers, our ability to perform services requested by our customers, or the installation and acceptance of our products at customer sites. Any of these conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

Global climate change can result in natural disasters occurring more frequently, with greater intensity and with less predictability. For example, when our operations in Cebu, Philippines experienced a devastating typhoon, our employees in Cebu succeeded in restoring most of our operations within days despite the severity of the damage in the region. The long-term effects of climate change on the global economy and the semiconductor industry in particular are unclear but could be severe.

Risks Related to Intellectual Property (“IP”) and Cybersecurity

Third parties may claim we are infringing their intellectual property and we could suffer significant litigation costs, licensing expenses or be prevented from selling our products.

We have been sued for patent infringement and receive notifications from time to time that we may be in violation of patents held by others. An assertion of patent infringement against us, if successful, could have a material adverse effect on our ability to sell our products or it could force us to seek a license to the intellectual property rights of others or alter such products so that they no longer infringe the intellectual property rights of others. A license could be very expensive to obtain or may not be available at all. Similarly, changing our products or processes to avoid infringing the rights of others may be costly or impractical. Additionally, patent litigation could require a significant use of management resources and involve a lengthy and expensive defense, even if we eventually prevail. If we do not prevail, we might be forced to pay significant damages, obtain licenses, modify our products, or stop making our products; each of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, operating results or cash flows.

If we are unable to protect our IP, we may lose a valuable asset or may incur costly litigation to protect our rights.

We protect the technology that is incorporated in our products in several ways, including through patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret protection and by contractual agreement. However, even with these protections, our IP may still be challenged, invalidated or subject to other infringement actions. While we believe that our IP has value in the aggregate, we do not believe that any single element of our IP is in itself essential. If a significant portion of our IP is invalidated or ineffective, our business could be materially adversely affected.

A breach of our operational or security systems could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on various information technology networks and systems to process, transmit and store electronic information, including proprietary and confidential data, and to carry out and support a variety of business activities, including manufacturing, research and development, supply chain management, sales and accounting. We have experienced several attempted cyber-attacks of our network. None of the attempted attacks have caused a disruption to our operations or had a material adverse effect on our business or financial results. As a result of the attempts, we have taken further preventive security measures to protect our systems. Despite the preventative security measures we have implemented, we may continue to be vulnerable to attempts by third parties to gain unauthorized access to our networks or sabotage our systems. These attempts, which might be related to criminal hackers, industrial espionage or state-sponsored intrusions, include trying to covertly introduce malware to our computers, networks and systems and impersonating authorized users. In addition, third party suppliers and service providers that we rely on to manage our networks and

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systems and who process and store our proprietary and confidential data, including the data of our customers and suppliers, may also be subject to similar attacks. Employees and contractors may also attempt to gain unauthorized access to our systems and steal proprietary and confidential data. Such attempts could result in the misappropriation, theft, misuse, disclosure or loss or destruction of the intellectual property, or the proprietary, confidential or personal information, of Teradyne or our employees, customers, suppliers or other third parties, as well as damage to or disruptions in our information technology networks and systems. These threats are constantly evolving and expanding, such as through the increased use of artificial intelligence in our products and expanding remote work opportunities for our employees, thereby increasing the difficulty of defending against them or implementing adequate preventative measures. While we seek to detect and investigate all security incidents and to prevent their recurrence, attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology networks and systems may be successful, and in some cases, we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. A failure in or a breach of our operational or security systems or infrastructure, or those of our suppliers and other service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results, disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, damage our reputation, cause losses and increase our costs. We expect to continue to devote significant resources to the security of our information technology networks and systems.

A breach of the security of our products could negatively affect our business and results of operations.

We may be subject to security breaches of certain of our products caused by viruses, illegal break-ins or hacking, sabotage, or acts of vandalism by third parties or our employees or contractors. A breach of our product security systems could have a material adverse effect on our business or financial results, disrupt our business, result in the disclosure or misuse of proprietary or confidential information, damage our reputation, cause losses, and increase our costs. We expect to continue to devote significant resources to the security of our products.

We are exposed to risks related to the use of AI tools by us and others.

Although we are evaluating, and where we believe appropriate, incorporating AI tools into our products and operations, our use of AI tools may subject us to significant competitive, legal, regulatory and other risks, and there can be no assurance that our use of AI tools will enhance our products, business operations or result in a benefit to us. Our competitors may be more successful in their use of AI tools, including by developing superior products or improving their operations with the assistance of AI. Additionally, there could be adverse impacts from flawed algorithms. Our use of AI tools, or our customers uses of our products that incorporate AI, could also result in the loss of confidential information or intellectual property or an inability to claim or enforce intellectual property rights, as well as subject us to risks related to intellectual property infringement or misappropriation, data privacy, cybersecurity, and the unauthorized use of our data. The jurisdictions in which we conduct business have and may adopt laws and regulations related to AI, which could cause us to incur greater compliance costs, limit our use of AI tools, or subject us to legal liabilities.

Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance

The implementation of tariffs on our products may have a material impact on our business.

Our business operations and supply chain are global and may be disrupted by the implementation of tariffs.

In 2018, the United States Trade Representative imposed a 25% tariff on many lists of products, including certain Teradyne products that are made in China and imported into the United States. On February 1, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order directing the United States to impose an additional 10% tariff on all imports from China effective February 4, 2025.We plan to implement operational changes that mitigate some of the impact of these tariffs on the import of our impacted products into the United States. As a result, the existing tariffs have not had a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. The implementation of additional tariffs by the United States could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In addition to the actions taken by the United States, China has implemented retaliatory tariffs on products made in the United States and imported into China. These tariffs have not yet impacted Teradyne products. However, notwithstanding our efforts, the retaliatory tariffs or other trade restrictions implemented by China and possible future retaliatory actions by China or other nations could disrupt our business operations, sales and supply chain and, therefore, have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In February, 2025, President Trump issued executive orders directing the United States to impose new or additional tariffs on certain imports from Canada, Mexico and China and subsequently announced his intention to pause such tariffs on Canada and Mexico. While we do not believe any tariffs announced to date will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations, we are still evaluating the potential impact of these tariffs and any additional tariffs implemented by the

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Trump administration as well as any retaliatory actions by the impacted countries to our business and financial condition and outlook. The actual impact on any new tariffs is subject to a number of factors including the effective date, duration, amount, scope and nature of the tariffs, any retaliatory actions any impacted country may take, and any mitigating actions that are available.

Trade regulations and restrictions impact our ability to manufacture certain products and to sell products to and support certain customers, which may materially adversely affect our sales and results of operations.

We are subject to U.S. laws and regulations that limit and restrict the export of some of our products and services and may restrict our transactions with certain customers, business partners and other persons. In certain circumstances, export control and economic sanctions regulations prohibit the export of certain products, services and technologies, and in other circumstances are required to obtain an export license before exporting the controlled item. We must also comply with export restrictions and laws imposed by other countries affecting trade and investments. We maintain an export compliance program but there are risks that the compliance controls could be circumvented, exposing us to legal liabilities. As further described below, compliance with these laws has not significantly limited our sales over time, but could significantly limit them in the future. Changes in, and responses to, U.S. trade policy could reduce the competitiveness of our products and cause our sales to drop, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

The U.S. government from time to time has issued export restrictions that prohibit U.S. companies from exporting U.S. manufactured products, foreign manufactured products with more than 25% controlled U.S. content, foreign made product which was produced using U.S. technology, as well as U.S. origin technology. For example, the U.S. Department of Commerce has restricted the access of U.S. origin technologies to certain Chinese semiconductor companies by adding those companies to the Entity List and the Foreign Direct Product Rule ("FDP") under U.S. Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”). On May 16, 2019, Huawei and 68 of its affiliates, including HiSilicon, were added to the U.S. Department of Commerce Entity List under EAR. On December 2, 2024, certain of our customers and prospective customers were added to the U.S. Department of Commerce Entity List or FDP under EAR. The addition of certain of these companies to the entity list and FDP has had and will continue to have an adverse impact on our business with these customers. We will take appropriate actions, including filing for licenses with the U.S. Department of Commerce to attempt to minimize the impact of the restrictions on our business.

On April 28, 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce published new export control regulations for certain U.S. products and technology sold to military end users or for military end-use in China, Russia and Venezuela. The definition of military end user is broad. The regulations went into effect on June 29, 2020. In December 2020, the U.S. Department of Commerce issued a list of companies in China and other countries that it considered to be military end users. Compliance with the new export controls has impacted our ability to sell products to certain customers in China. In addition, while we maintain an export compliance program, our compliance controls could be circumvented, exposing us to legal liabilities. We will continue to assess the impact of these export controls on our business and operations and take appropriate actions to ensure compliance and minimize any disruption. However, we cannot be certain that the actions we take will mitigate all the risks associated with the export controls that may impact our business.

On October 7, 2022, the U.S. Department of Commerce published regulations restricting the export to China of advanced semiconductors, supercomputer technology, equipment for the manufacturing of advanced semiconductors and components and technology for the manufacturing in China of certain semiconductor manufacturing equipment. The restrictions impacted our sales to certain companies in China and our manufacturing and development operations in China. We mitigated the impact of these restrictions on our business by obtaining licenses from the U.S. Department of Commerce. On October 17, 2023, the U.S. Department of Commerce released new rules updating the export controls issued on October 7, 2022. The new rules, which took effect on November 17, 2023, significantly limit the impact of the October 7, 2022 restrictions on our business. On December 2, 2024, the U.S. Department of Commerce released additional new rules updating export controls. These regulations may continue to have an adverse impact on certain actual or potential customers and on the global semiconductor industry. To the extent the regulations impact actual and potential customers or disrupt the global semiconductor industry, our business and revenues will be adversely impacted.

In response to the regulations issued by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the Chinese government has passed new laws, including blocking legislation, which may impact our business activities in China. The Company is assessing the potential impact of these new Chinese laws and monitoring relevant laws and regulations issued by the Chinese government. The impact of these new Chinese laws on our business activities in China remains uncertain at this time.

We may be subject to product recalls and warranty and product liability claims.

We invest significant resources in the design, manufacturing and testing of our products. However, from time to time, we discover design or manufacturing defects in our products after they have been shipped and, as a result, we have incurred development and remediation costs and settled warranty and product liability claims. In addition, when our products contain defects or have reliability, quality or safety issues, we have conducted a product recall which resulted in significant repair or replacement costs and

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substantial delays in product shipments and may damage our reputation which could make it more difficult to sell our products. We could continue to have warranty and product liability claims or product recalls in the future. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We may incur significant costs of complying with present and future environmental regulations and may incur significant liabilities if we fail to comply with such environmental regulations.

We are subject to both domestic and international environmental regulations and statutory strict liability relating to the use, storage, discharge, site cleanup and disposal of hazardous chemicals used in our manufacturing processes. In addition, future regulations in response to global climate change may affect us, our suppliers, and our customers. Such regulations could cause us to incur additional direct costs for compliance, as well as increased indirect costs resulting from our customers and/or suppliers. Future climate change regulations could result in decreased demand for our products. If we fail to comply with present and future regulations, or are required to perform site remediation, we could be subject to future liabilities or cost, including penalties or the suspension of production. Present and future regulations may also:

restrict our ability to expand facilities;

restrict our ability to ship certain products;

require us to modify our operations logistics;

require us to acquire costly equipment; or

require us to incur other significant costs and expenses.

Pursuant to present regulations and agreements, we are conducting groundwater and subsurface assessment and monitoring and are implementing remediation and corrective action plans for facilities located in Massachusetts and New Hampshire which are no longer conducting manufacturing operations. As of December 31, 2024, we have not incurred material costs as a result of the monitoring and remediation steps taken at the Massachusetts and New Hampshire sites.

The directive on the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (the “RoHS Directive”) and the directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (the “WEEE Directive”) altered the form and manner in which electronic equipment is imported, sold and handled in the European Union. Other jurisdictions, such as China, have followed the European Union’s lead in enacting legislation with respect to hazardous substances and waste removal. Ensuring compliance with the RoHS Directive, the WEEE Directive and similar legislation in other jurisdictions, and integrating compliance activities with our suppliers and customers could result in additional costs and disruption to operations and logistics and thus, could have a negative impact on our business, operations or financial condition.

We currently are, and in the future may be, subject to litigation or regulatory proceedings that could have an adverse effect on our business.

From time to time, we may be subject to litigation or other administrative, regulatory or governmental proceedings, including tax audits and resulting claims that could require significant management time and resources and cause us to incur expenses and, in the event of an adverse decision, pay damages or incur costs in an amount that could have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

We may face risks associated with shareholder activism.

We may become subject to campaigns by shareholders advocating corporate actions such as financial restructuring, increased borrowing, special dividends, stock repurchases or divestitures. Such activities could interfere with our ability to execute our business plans, be costly and time-consuming, disrupt our operations, divert the attention of management, or result in our initiating borrowing or increasing our share repurchase plan or dividend, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business or stock price.

Provisions of our charter and by-laws and Massachusetts law may make a takeover of Teradyne more difficult.

There are provisions in our basic corporate documents and under Massachusetts law that could discourage, delay or prevent a change in control, even if a change in control may be regarded as beneficial to some or all of our stockholders.

None.

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We believe cybersecurity is critical to supporting our vision and enabling our strategy. As a producer of leading-edge electronic testing products and maker of advanced robotics, we face a multitude of cybersecurity threats that range from attacks common to most industries, such as ransomware and denial-of-service, to attacks from more advanced, persistent, and highly organized adversaries, including nation state actors, that may target us for our role in critical infrastructure sectors. Our customers, suppliers, and partners face similar cybersecurity threats and, while we have not been materially affected to date, a cybersecurity incident impacting us or any of these entities could materially adversely affect our operations, performance, and results of operations. These cybersecurity threats and related risks make it imperative that we maintain a strong focus on cybersecurity.

Governance

The Board of Directors oversees management’s processes for identifying and mitigating risks, including cybersecurity risks, to help align our risk exposure with our strategic objectives. Senior leadership, including our Chief Information Security Officer ("CISO"), brief the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors quarterly and the full Board of Directors at least annually on our cybersecurity and information security posture.

The corporate information security organization, under the CISO, has implemented a governance structure and processes to assess, identify, manage, and report cybersecurity risks. The CISO chairs management’s Cybersecurity Steering Committee, in which current cyber threats, program performance, and ongoing risk mitigations are regularly reviewed. Cybersecurity related risks are also integrated into our overall enterprise risk management ("ERM") process. These risks are included in the risk universe that the ERM function evaluates to assess top enterprise risks on an annual basis and is reviewed and evaluated by the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors is also apprised of cybersecurity issues or incidents deemed to have a moderate or higher business impact as they arise, even if considered immaterial.

In the event of a significant incident, we intend to follow our detailed incident response playbooks, which outline the steps to be followed from incident detection through mitigation, recovery and notification, including escalation to functional areas (e.g., legal), and escalation to senior leadership via the Cybersecurity Steering Committee. Upon escalation, the Cybersecurity Steering Committee will review all inputs, assess the materiality of the incident, and then brief the Board of Directors on the determination and on how management intends to respond.

Risk management and strategy

Our global information security organization, led by our CISO, is responsible for our overall information security strategy, policy, security engineering, operations, and cyber threat detection and response. Our CISO is an experienced cybersecurity senior executive with more than 25 years of experience building and leading cybersecurity, risk management and information technology teams. The information security organization manages and continually enhances a robust enterprise security structure with the goal of preventing cybersecurity incidents to the extent feasible, while simultaneously increasing system resilience and deploying highly proficient detection and response capabilities in an effort to minimize the business impact should an incident occur.

Central to this organization is our global cyber operations team, which is responsible for the protection, detection, and response capabilities used in the defense of critical data and enterprise computing services. We also have a corporate-wide insider threat detection program to proactively identify external and internal threats and mitigate those threats in a timely manner. Our broader Teradyne employee community also has a key role in our cybersecurity defenses and is immersed in a comprehensive training and awareness curriculum to build and promote a corporate culture supportive of security.

Third parties also play a role in our cybersecurity. We engage third-party services to provide 24x7x365 monitoring, escalation, and response to cyber events. In addition to consulting on best practices, we leverage third parties for independent evaluations of our security controls through penetration testing and independent audits. These evaluations include testing both the design and operational effectiveness of security controls. We also share and receive threat intelligence with our industry peers, cybersecurity associations, and our cyber controls vendors.

We rely on contract manufacturing organizations and distributors to deliver our products to our customers, and a cybersecurity incident at one of these organizations or a key supplier could materially adversely impact us. We assess third party and supply chain cybersecurity controls through risk monitoring services tailored to align with our risk policy. Notwithstanding the extensive approach we take to cybersecurity, we may not be successful in preventing or mitigating a cybersecurity incident that could have a material adverse effect on us, either directly within our managed environment or indirectly via a third-party partner or supply chain vendor. Periodically we have a recognized independent security expert firm to assess our cyber security maturity along with risks and provide

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feedback on where we should continue to improve to mitigate exposures. We share this review with our Board and develop a security roadmap which incorporates this feedback.

Additionally, for our business that supports the defense and aerospace sector, we must comply with extensive regulations, including requirements imposed by the Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement ("DFARS") related to adequately safeguarding controlled unclassified information ("CUI") and reporting cybersecurity incidents to the DoD. We have implemented cybersecurity policies and frameworks based on industry and governmental standards to align closely with DoD requirements, instructions, and guidance. Moreover, we are pursuing the necessary controls to support the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification ("CMMC") program, DoD’s program to ensure members of the defense industrial base meet cybersecurity requirements for handling CUI and federal contract information. We believe we are well positioned to meet the requirements of the CMMC and are preparing for certification once the requirements are effective.

We conduct manufacturing, engineering, sales and marketing, service, corporate administration and other operations in various leased and owned facilities throughout the world. We own approximately 920,000 square feet of office space and lease approximately 1,340,000 square feet of office space. We own our corporate headquarters in North Reading, Massachusetts, which is approximately 422,000 square feet. We believe our existing facilities are adequate to meet our current and reasonably foreseeable requirements. We regularly evaluate our expected facility needs and periodically make adjustments based on these evaluations. In 2024, we completed construction of an approximately 200,000 square foot building in Odense, Denmark, for our Robotics operations.

We are subject to legal proceedings, claims and investigations that arise in the ordinary course of business such as, but not limited to, patent, employment, commercial and environmental matters. We believe that we have meritorious defenses against all pending claims and intend to vigorously contest them. While it is not possible to predict or determine the outcomes of any pending claims or to provide possible ranges of losses that may arise, we believe the potential losses associated with all these actions are unlikely to have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

Not Applicable.

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PART II

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the trading symbol “TER.” As of February 20, 2025, there were approximately 1,084 holders of record of shares of our common stock.

See “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” for information on the frequency and amounts of our quarterly cash dividends, equity compensation plans and performance graph.

The following table includes information with respect to repurchases we made of our common stock during the three months ended December 31, 2024 (in thousands except per share price):

(1)

Includes approximately two thousand shares at an average price of $122.14 withheld from employees for the payment of taxes.

As of January 1, 2023, share repurchases net of share issuances are subject to a 1% excise tax under the Inflation Reduction Act. Excise tax incurred is included as part of the cost basis of shares repurchased in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Common Shares and Stockholders' Equity.

In January 2023, the Board of Directors cancelled the 2021 repurchase program and approved a new $2.0 billion of common stock. Unless terminated by resolution of our Board of Directors, the repurchase program will expire when we have repurchased all shares authorized for repurchase under the share repurchase program.

We satisfy U.S. federal and state minimum withholding tax obligations due upon the vesting and the conversion of restricted stock units into shares of our common stock, by automatically withholding from the shares being issued, a number of shares with an aggregate fair market value on the date of such vesting and conversion that would satisfy the minimum withholding amount due.

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Overview

We are a leading global supplier of automated test equipment and robotics products. We design, develop, manufacture and sell automated test systems and robotics products. Our automated test systems are used to test semiconductors, wireless products, data storage and complex electronics systems in many industries including consumer electronics, wireless, automotive, industrial, computing, communications, and aerospace and defense industries. Our Robotics products include collaborative robotic arms and autonomous mobile robots (“AMRs”) used by global manufacturing, logistics and industrial customers to improve quality, increase manufacturing and material handling efficiency and decrease manufacturing and logistics costs. Our automated test equipment and robotics products and services include:

semiconductor test (“Semiconductor Test”) systems;

robotics (“Robotics”) products; and

defense/aerospace (“Defense/Aerospace”) test instrumentation and systems, circuit-board test and inspection (“Production Board Test”) systems, and wireless test systems (referred collectively as "All Other").

The market for our test products is concentrated with a limited number of significant customers accounting for a substantial portion of the purchases of test equipment. A few customers drive significant demand for our products both through direct sales and sales to the customer’s supply partners. We expect that sales of our test products will continue to be concentrated with a limited number of significant customers for the foreseeable future.

In 2024, we saw strength in our Semiconductor Test business, with memory and compute offerings growing considerably compared to 2023. We expect mobile, automotive, and industrial will grow in 2025 and that recent advancements in AI inference may help mid-term recovery in these markets. Beyond AI compute, we are investing in other areas of the semiconductor test market that offer the opportunity for accelerating long-term growth, including power semi-conductors and the shift towards vertically integrated products ("VIPs"). We have seen the benefits start to materialize in 2024 and expect them to continue through the mid-term.

2024 was a very weak industrial automation market resulting in a year-over-year decline in Robotics revenues while outperforming our peer group. In 2024, we built key OEM, systems integrators and large account strategic partnerships which will strengthen our go to market for years to come. Introduction of new products, including the MiR 1200 Pallet Jack will further expand our available markets to support our growth.

On May 27, 2024, we paid 483.1 million Euros, equivalent to $524.1 million, to purchase a combination of previously issued and outstanding shares and shares newly issued by Technoprobe, S.p.A. ("Technoprobe"). The shares purchased represent 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of Technoprobe. We also received a board seat as part of the purchase. Additionally, as part of the transaction, we completed the sale of the Device Interface Solutions ("DIS") business, a component of our Semiconductor Test segment, to Technoprobe for $85.0 million in cash, net of cash and cash equivalents sold, and a customary working capital adjustment. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $57.1 million recorded as 'Gain on sale of business' in the consolidated statement of operations.

Our financial statements are denominated in U.S. dollars. While revenues in our test businesses are predominantly in U.S. dollars, the majority of our Robotics revenue is denominated in foreign currencies. Strengthening of the U.S. dollar would negatively affect Robotics revenue growth in 2025.

Our corporate strategy for our test businesses is to profitably grow market share while in Robotics, we plan to profitably grow revenue through the introduction of differentiated products targeting expanding markets. Our capital allocation plan will continue to be balanced between investing in organic and inorganic growth and returning cash to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends.

Supply Chain Constraints and Inflationary Pressures

The global supply shortage of electrical components, including semiconductor chips, impacted our supply chain in the first half of 2023. In the second half of 2023 and the full year of 2024, we saw improvements related to supply constraints and, consequently, did not experience material increases in our lead times and costs for components. In addition, in 2023 and 2024, inflationary pressures contributed to increased costs for product components and wage inflation, which had a minimal impact on our cost of products, gross margin and profit for the year. While our businesses could be impacted by supply constraints in the future, we do not anticipate supply chain constraints will have a material impact on our financial results in 2025.

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Government Regulations

We are subject to numerous United States and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, tariffs, trade sanctions, trade barriers, trade embargoes, regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, and other laws and regulations. Additionally, United States and foreign governmental authorities have taken, and may continue to take, administrative, legislative or regulatory action that could impact our operations. We believe that our operations are in material compliance with applicable trade regulations. The costs we incurred in complying with applicable trade regulations for the year ended December 31, 2024 were not material, and we do not currently expect the cost of complying with existing trade laws and regulations to have a material adverse effect on our capital expenditures or earnings or on our competitive position in any one year. It is possible, however, that future developments, including changes in laws and regulations or government policies, could lead to material costs, and such costs may have a material adverse effect on our future business or prospects.

For information regarding risks associated with import-export control regulations and similar applicable laws and regulations, see Part II - Item 1A "Risk Factors- Risks Related to Legal and Regulatory Compliance" included elsewhere in this Form 10-K.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

We have identified the policies and estimates discussed below as critical to understanding our business and our results of operations and financial condition. The impact and any associated risks related to these estimates on our business operations is discussed throughout Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations where such policies affect our reported and expected financial results. For a full description of our accounting policies related to the below items refer to Note B. Accounting Policies, included in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report.

Critical accounting estimates are complex and may require significant judgment by management. Changes to the underlying assumptions may have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations. These estimates may change, as new events occur, and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Revenue Recognition

In accordance with ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (“ASC 606”), we recognize revenues, when or as control is transferred to a customer. Our determination of revenue requires judgment in the determination of performance obligations and allocation of the transaction price to performance obligations. We often sell bundled orders that include both product and services or multiple different products within the same order. We evaluate each of the deliverables to determine if it meets the definition of a performance obligation, which requires that it is capable of being distinct and distinct within the context of the contract. This determination is based on an assessment of contractual rights of the contract and the ability of the performance obligation to perform on its own or with readily available resources. In bundled transactions we estimate the standalone selling price of each identified performance obligation and use that estimate to allocate the transaction price among said performance obligations. The estimated standalone selling price is determined using all information reasonably available to us, including standalone transactions, market information and other observable inputs.

Equity Method Investments

We account for investments using the equity method of accounting when it has significant influence over the financial and operating policies, but not control, of the investee. The equity method investments are initially recorded at cost and included in the 'Equity method investment' in the consolidated balance sheet. We record our share of investee's net income or loss and other comprehensive income, and the amortization of equity method basis difference, calculated as the difference between the investment and the amount of underlying equity in net assets acquired, on a 3-month lag, which is applied consistently from period to period. Our share of investee's net income and the amortization of equity method basis difference are reported in 'Equity in net earnings of affiliate' in the consolidated statement of operations. We include our share of investee's other comprehensive income and a cumulative translation adjustment in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. We monitor on an ongoing basis its equity method investments for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in fair value below carrying value.

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost using a standard costing system which approximates cost based on a first-in, first-out basis or net realizable value. On a quarterly basis, we evaluate all inventories for net realizable value. This quarterly process identifies obsolete and excess inventory. Obsolete inventory, which represents items for which there is no demand, is fully reserved. Excess inventory, which represents inventory items that are not expected to be consumed within the forecasted demand window, is written

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down to estimated net realizable value. Forecasted demand information is obtained from the sales and marketing groups and incorporates factors such as backlog and future revenues. The demand forecast is based on assumptions around the product life and customer and market expectations.

Retirement and Postretirement Plans

We recognize net actuarial gains and losses and the change in the fair value of the plan assets in our operating results in the year in which they occur or upon any interim remeasurement of the plans. Discount rate and expected return on assets are two assumptions which are important elements of pension plan expense and asset/liability measurement. We evaluate our discount rate and expected rate of return on assets assumptions annually on a plan and country specific basis. We evaluate other assumptions related to demographic factors, such as retirement age, mortality and turnover periodically, and update them to reflect our experience and expectations for the future.

In developing the expected return on U.S. Qualified Pension Plan (“U.S. Plan”) assets assumption, we evaluated input from our investment manager and pension consultants, including their forecast of asset class return expectations. We believe that 4.65% was an appropriate rate of return on assets to use for 2024. The December 31, 2024 asset allocation for our U.S. Plan was 94% invested in fixed income securities, 5% invested in equity securities, and 1% invested in other securities. Our investment manager regularly reviews the actual asset allocation and periodically rebalances the portfolio to ensure alignment with our target allocations.

The discount rate that we utilized for determining future pension obligations for the U.S. Plan is based on the FTSE Pension Index adjusted for the U.S. Plan’s expected cash flows and was 5.45% at December 31, 2024, up from 4.75% at December 31, 2023. We estimate that in 2025 we will recognize approximately $0.1 million of pension expense for the U.S. Plan. The U.S. Plan pension expense estimate for 2025 is based on a 5.45% discount rate and a 5.05% return on assets. Future pension expense or income will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and various other factors related to the employee population participating in our pension plans.

Goodwill, Intangible and Long-Lived Assets

We assess goodwill for impairment at least annually in the fourth quarter, as of December 31, on a reporting unit basis, or more frequently, when events and circumstances occur indicating that the recorded goodwill may be impaired. We review intangible and long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be fully recoverable or that the useful lives of these assets are no longer appropriate. Goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Impairment of intangible and long-lived assets would result in the asset being written down to its estimated fair value. The calculated fair value of a reporting unit or intangible or long-lived asset is dependent upon discounted cash flow (“DCF”) models, discount rates, and market multiples. DCF models rely on our forecasted mid-term plans which are subjective based on customer or market conditions and can change materially. We utilize third party specialists when determining discount rates and selected market multiples. A change in any of these key assumptions could result in a reporting unit, intangible asset, or long-lived asset being impaired in a future period.

Convertible Debt

We adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) ASU 2020-06 – “Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity,” on January 1, 2022 using the modified retrospective method of adoption. In accordance with ASU 2020-06, we account for a convertible debt instrument as a single liability measured at its amortized cost, as long as no other features require bifurcation and recognition as derivatives. Unsettled shares are recorded in current debt, and there is no recognition of a debt discount, which was previously amortized to interest expense. Settled shares reduce the outstanding debt balance in an amount equal to the cash paid, but do not result in any gain or loss on extinguishment. We use the if-converted method in the diluted EPS calculation for convertible instruments.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The measurement of deferred tax assets is reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Evaluating the positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of the net deferred tax assets in accordance with ASC 740, “Accounting for Income Taxes” is a key judgment in the valuation of income taxes. This assessment included the evaluation of scheduled reversals of deferred tax liabilities, estimates of projected future taxable income and tax-planning strategies. Although realization is not assured, based on our assessment, we concluded that it is more likely than not that such assets, net of the existing valuation allowance, will be realized.

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Results of Operations

Information pertaining to fiscal year 2022 results of operations, including a year-to-year comparison against fiscal year 2023, was included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 under Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Position and Results of Operations,” which was filed with the SEC on February 22, 2024. This information is incorporated by reference herein.

The following table sets forth the percentage of total net revenues included in our consolidated statements of operations:

Revenues

Revenues for our reportable segments were as follows:

The increase in Semiconductor Test revenues of $166.7 million, or 8.5%, was driven primarily by higher tester sales for computing, ADAS, and memory applications, partially offset by lower tester sales for legacy automotive applications. The decrease in Robotics revenues of $10.4 million, or 2.8%, was driven primarily by continued weakness in the Industrial Automation market and softer sales in Universal Robots.

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Our reportable segments accounted for the following percentages of consolidated revenues:

Revenues by country as a percentage of total revenues were as follows (1):

(1)

Revenues attributable to a country are based on the location of the customer site.

The breakout of product and service revenues was as follows:

Our product revenues increased $198.6 million, or 9.5%, primarily driven by higher tester sales for computing, ADAS, and memory applications, partially offset by lower tester sales for legacy automotive application. Our service revenues decreased $55.1 million, or 9.5%, primarily in Semiconductor Test related to the sale of the DIS business on May 27, 2024.

In 2024, revenues from Samsung, a customer of our Semiconductor Test segment, accounted for 12.5% of our consolidated revenues. In 2023, revenues from Texas Instruments Inc., a customer of our Semiconductor Test segment, accounted for 10% of our consolidated revenues. In 2024 and 2023, our five largest direct customers in aggregate accounted for 36% and 32% of our consolidated revenues, respectively.

Gross Profit

Gross profit as a percent of total revenues increased by 1.1 points, primarily due to a higher volume and product and service mix.

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The breakout of product and service gross profit was as follows:

Service and product revenues gross profit percentage increased by 4.3 points and 0.2 points, respectively, primarily due to higher volume and product and service mix.

We assess the carrying value of our inventory on a quarterly basis by estimating future demand and comparing that demand against on-hand and on-order inventory positions. Forecasted revenues information is obtained from the sales and marketing groups and incorporates factors such as backlog and future revenues. This quarterly process identifies obsolete and excess inventory. Obsolete inventory, which represents items for which there is no demand, is fully reserved. Excess inventory, which represents inventory items that are not expected to be consumed within the forecasted demand window, is written down to estimated net realizable value.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded an inventory provision of $18.9 million included in cost of revenues, primarily due to downward revisions to previously forecasted demand levels for certain products. Of the $18.9 million of total excess and obsolete provisions, $13.6 million was related to Semiconductor Test, $2.3 million was related to Robotics, and $3.1 million was related to All Other.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded an inventory provision of $28.4 million included in cost of revenues, primarily due to downward revisions to previously forecasted demand levels for certain products. Of the $28.4 million of total excess and obsolete provisions, $22.5 million was related to Semiconductor Test, $2.3 million was related to Robotics, and $3.6 million was related to All Other.

During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, we scrapped $10.6 million and $26.4 million of inventory, respectively, and sold $2.2 million and $5.2 million of previously written-down or written-off inventory, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had inventory related reserves for amounts which had been written-down or written-off totaling $141.4 million. We have no pre-determined timeline to scrap the remaining inventory.

Selling and Administrative

Selling and administrative expenses were as follows:

The increase of $39.7 million in selling and administrative expenses was primarily due to higher sales and marketing spending in Semiconductor Test.

Engineering and Development

Engineering and development expenses were as follows:

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The increase of $42.8 million in engineering and development expenses was primarily due to higher spending in Semiconductor Test.

Restructuring and Other

During the year ended December 31, 2024, we recorded $5.2 million of severance charges related to headcount reductions of 98 people primarily in Robotics and Semiconductor Test, which included charges related to a voluntary early retirement program for employees meeting certain conditions, $3.6 million of acquisition and divestiture expenses, and $1.3 million of charges related to lease terminations.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, we recorded a charge of $14.7 million of severance charges related to headcount reductions of 215 people primarily in Semiconductor Test and Robotics, which included charges related to a voluntary early retirement program for employees meeting certain conditions, $3.1 million of acquisition and divestiture expenses related to the Technoprobe transaction, a $1.5 million contract termination charge, and a charge of $1.1 million for an increase in environmental liabilities.

Interest and Other

Other (income) expense, net decreased by $6.8 million primarily due to $9.8 million loss on our call option in connection with our agreement to acquire a 10% investment in Technoprobe S.p.A, partially offset by the change in pension actuarial gains/losses, from a $2.7 million loss in 2023 to a $4.4 million gain in 2024.

Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

(1)

Included in Corporate and Eliminations are gain on sale of business, interest income, interest expense, net foreign exchange gains (losses), intercompany eliminations, severance charges, pension and postretirement plan actuarial gains (losses), acquisition and divestiture related fees, legal and environmental fees, contract termination settlement charge, and modification of outstanding equity awards.

The increase in income before income taxes in Semiconductor Test was driven primarily by higher tester sales for computing, ADAS, and memory applications, partially offset by lower tester sales for legacy automotive application. The decrease in income before income taxes in Robotics was primarily driven by continued weakness in the Industrial Automation market and softer sales in Universal Robots along with higher selling and administrative costs. The decrease in income before income taxes in All Other was driven primarily by a decrease in sales of Wireless Test products.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for 2024 and 2023 totaled $59.5 million and $76.8 million, respectively. The effective tax rate for 2024 and 2023 was 9.8% and 14.6%, respectively.

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The decrease in the effective tax rate from 2023 to 2024 is primarily attributable to a shift in the geographic distribution of income which resulted in a reduction in income in higher tax rate foreign jurisdictions, the benefit of the release of reserves for uncertain tax positions as a result of the expiration of statute and a decrease in non-deductible officer’s compensation. These decreases in expense were partially offset by reductions in benefits from foreign tax credits, U.S research and development credits and the U.S. foreign derived intangible income deduction.

We qualify for a tax holiday in Singapore by fulfilling the requirements of an agreement with the Singapore Economic Development Board under which certain headcount and spending requirements must be met. The tax savings attributable to the Singapore tax holiday for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were $17.1 million or $0.10 per diluted share and $1.4 million or $0.01 per diluted share, respectively. In November 2020, we entered into an agreement with the Singapore Economic Development Board which extended our Singapore tax holiday under substantially similar terms to the agreement which expired on December 31, 2020. The new tax holiday is scheduled to expire on December 31, 2025.

Capital Resources and Material Cash Requirements

Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance decreased by $213.4 million in 2024 to $723.8 million. Cash decreased due to investments in businesses for $532.1 million, stock repurchases in the amount of $198.6 million, and quarterly cash dividend payments in the amount of $76.4 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of business and cash generated by our global operations.

Operating activities during 2024 provided cash of $672.2 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used cash of $23.9 million. This was due to a $75.5 million decrease in operating assets and a $51.6 million decrease in operating liabilities.

The decrease in operating assets was primarily due to a decrease in other assets and inventory of $119.5 million and $8.7 million respectively, partially offset by a $52.7 million increase in accounts receivable, driven by higher sales at year-end.

The decrease in operating liabilities was due to a $48.2 million decrease in accounts payable, a $6.2 million decrease in other accrued compensation, $5.8 million of retirement plan contributions, and a $3.6 million decrease in income taxes, partially offset by a $12.2 million increase in deferred revenue and customer advance payments.

Investing activities during 2024 used cash of $622.3 million, comprised of $532.1 million used for investments in businesses, $198.1 million used for purchases of property, plant and equipment, and $45.8 million used for purchases of marketable securities, partially offset by $90.3 million in proceeds from the sale of a business, $38.4 million and $24.0 million in proceeds from the maturities and sales of marketable securities, respectively, and $0.9 million in proceeds from life insurance.

Financing activities during 2024 used cash of $251.8 million, due to $198.6 million used for the repurchase of 1.7 million shares of common stock at an average price of $114.63 per share, $76.4 million used for dividend payments, and $14.1 million used for payments related to net settlement of employee stock compensation awards, partially offset by $37.3 million from the issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase and stock option plans.

Operating activities during 2023 provided cash of $585.2 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities used cash of $9.6 million. This was due to a $33.2 million decrease in operating assets and a $42.8 million decrease in operating liabilities.

The decrease in operating assets was due to a $71.0 million decrease in accounts receivable due to lower sales and a $5.3 million decrease in inventories, partially offset by a $43.1 million increase in prepayments and other assets due to prepayments to our contract manufacturers.

The decrease in operating liabilities was due to a $57.2 million decrease in deferred revenue and customer advance payments, a $26.9 million decrease in income taxes, a $21.2 million decrease in accrued employee compensation, and $5.5 million of retirement plan contributions, partially offset by a $45.0 million increase in accounts payable, and a $23.0 million increase in other accrued liabilities.

Investing activities during 2023 used cash of $179.6 million, due to $161.9 million used for purchases of marketable securities, $159.6 million used for purchases of property, plant and equipment, and $5.0 million used for issuance of convertible loans, partially offset by $85.0 million and $61.4 million in proceeds from maturities and sales of marketable securities, respectively, and $0.5 million in proceeds from the cancellation of Teradyne owned life insurance policies related to the cash surrender value.

Financing activities during 2023 used cash of $501.9 million, due to $397.2 million used for the repurchase of 3.9 million shares of common stock at an average price of $102.47 per share, $67.9 million used for dividend payments, $50.3 million used for the

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payments of convertible debt principal, and $20.8 million used for payments related to net settlement of employee stock compensation awards, partially offset by $34.3 million from the issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase and stock option plans.

In January 2024, May 2024, August 2024 and November 2024, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.12 per share. Total dividend payments in 2024 were $76.4 million. In January 2023, May 2023, August 2023 and November 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.11 per share. Total dividend payments in 2023 were $67.9 million.

In January 2023, our Board of Directors cancelled the 2021 repurchase program and approved a new repurchase program for up to $2.0 billion of common stock. In 2024, we repurchased 1.7 million shares of common stock for $198.6 million, which excludes related excise tax, at an average price of $114.63 per share. In 2023, we repurchased 3.9 million shares of common stock for $397.2 million, which excludes related excise tax, at an average price of $102.47 per share against the 2023 repurchase program. The cumulative repurchases as of December 31, 2024, under the 2023 repurchase program, were 5.6 million shares of common stock for $595.2 million, exclusive of tax, at an average price per share of $106.21. In 2025, we intend to repurchase up to $400.0 million.

While we declared a quarterly cash dividend and authorized a share repurchase program, we may reduce or eliminate the cash dividend or share repurchase program in the future. Future cash dividends and stock repurchases are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors, which will consider, among other things, our earnings, capital requirements and financial condition.

On May 27, 2024, we paid 483.1 million Euros, equivalent to $524.1 million, to purchase a combination of previously issued and outstanding shares and shares newly issued by Technoprobe, S.p.A. ("Technoprobe"). The shares purchased represent 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of Technoprobe. We also received a board seat as part of the purchase. Additionally, as part of the transaction, we completed the sale of the Device Interface Solutions ("DIS") business, a component of the Semiconductor Test segment, to Technoprobe for $85.0 million in cash, net of cash and cash equivalents sold, and a customary working capital adjustment. The sale resulted in a pre-tax gain of $57.1 million recorded as 'Gain on sale of business' in the consolidated statement of operations.

On May 1, 2020, we entered into a credit agreement providing a three-year, senior secured revolving credit facility of $400 million. On December 10, 2021, the credit agreement was amended to extend the senior secured revolving credit facility to December 10, 2026. On October 5, 2022, the credit agreement was amended to increase the amount of the credit facility to $750.0 million from $400.0 million. On November 7, 2023, the Credit Agreement was amended to allow for the purchase of the shares of Technoprobe. On May 16, 2024, we borrowed $185.0 million under the credit agreement to partially fund the acquisition of 10% of the issued and outstanding shares of Technoprobe. We fully repaid our borrowings on the revolving credit facility prior to December 31, 2024. As of February 20, 2025, there are no outstanding borrowings under the credit facility.

We expect operations to continue to be the primary source of cash to operate the business and meet material cash commitments, including any payments of convertible debt principal, our stock repurchase program, our quarterly dividends, our office lease obligations, contractual obligations related to inventory purchases and the construction of new facilities. We believe our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balance will be sufficient to pay our quarterly dividend and meet our working capital and expenditure needs for at least the next twelve months. Inflation has not had a significant long-term impact on earnings.

At December 31, 2024, our future contractual obligations were related to debt, leases, retirement plan liabilities, deferred tax benefits, and purchase obligations. See Note K. “Debt”, Note J. “Leases”, Note Q. “Retirement Plans”, and Note T. “Income Taxes” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report for information about those obligations, which Notes are incorporated by reference into this section. Our purchase obligations were approximately $419.8 million, with $409.6 million expected to be paid within twelve months.

Retirement Plans

ASC 715-20, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits—Defined Benefit Plans,” requires an employer with defined benefit plans or other postretirement benefit plans to recognize an asset or a liability on its balance sheet for the overfunded or underfunded status of the plans as defined by ASC 715-20. The pension asset or liability represents the difference between the fair value of the pension plans’ assets and the projected benefit obligation as of December 31. For other postretirement benefit plans, the liability is the difference between the fair value of the plan’s assets and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation as of December 31.

For the year ended December 31, 2024, our pension expense, which includes the U.S. Qualified Pension Plan (“U.S. Plan”), certain qualified plans for non-U.S. subsidiaries, and a U.S. Supplemental Executive Defined Benefit Plan, was approximately $0.1 million. Pension expense is calculated based upon a number of actuarial assumptions. Discount rate and expected return on assets are two assumptions which are important elements of pension plan expense and asset/liability measurement. We evaluate our discount rate and expected rate of return on assets assumptions annually on a plan and country specific basis. We evaluate other assumptions related

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to demographic factors, such as retirement age, mortality and turnover periodically, and update them to reflect our experience and expectations for the future.

In developing the expected return on U.S. Plan assets assumption, we evaluated input from our investment manager and pension consultants, including their forecast of asset class return expectations. We believe that 4.65% was an appropriate rate of return on assets to use for 2024. The December 31, 2024 asset allocation for our U.S. Plan was 94.0% invested in fixed income securities, 5% invested in equity securities, and 1% invested in other securities. Our investment manager regularly reviews the actual asset allocation and periodically rebalances the portfolio to ensure alignment with our target allocations.

We recognize net actuarial gains and losses and the change in the fair value of plan assets in our operating results in the year in which they occur or upon any interim remeasurement of the plans. We calculate the expected return on plan assets using the fair value of the plan assets. Actuarial gains and losses are generally measured annually as of December 31 and, accordingly, recorded during the fourth quarter of each year or upon any interim remeasurement of the plans.

The discount rate that we utilized for determining future pension obligations for the U.S. Plan is based on the FTSE Pension Index adjusted for the U.S. Plan’s expected cash flows and was 5.45% at December 31, 2024, up from 4.75% at December 31, 2023. We estimate that in 2025, we will recognize approximately $0.1 million of pension expense for the U.S. Plan. The U.S. Plan pension expense estimate for 2025 is based on a 5.45% discount rate and a 5.05% return on assets. Future pension expense or income will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and various other factors related to the employee population participating in our pension plans.

As of December 31, 2024, our pension plans had no unrecognized pension prior service cost.

The assets of the U.S. Plan consist substantially of fixed income securities. U.S. Plan assets have decreased from $112.6 million at December 31, 2023 to $81.4 million at December 31, 2024, while the U.S. Plan’s liability decreased from $101.1 million at December 31, 2023 to $69.4 million at December 31, 2024.

Our funding policy is to make contributions to our pension plans in accordance with local laws and to the extent that such contributions are tax deductible. During 2024, we made contributions of $3.1 million to the U.S. supplemental executive defined benefit pension plan, and $1.0 million to certain qualified plans for non-U.S. subsidiaries. In 2025, we expect to contribute approximately $3.3 million to the U.S. supplemental executive defined benefit pension plan. Contributions to be made in 2025 to certain qualified plans for non-U.S. subsidiaries are based on local statutory requirements and are estimated at approximately $1.1 million.

Equity Compensation Plans

In addition to our 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan discussed in Note R: “Stock-Based Compensation” in Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, we have a 2006 Equity and Cash Compensation Incentive Plan (the “2006 Equity Plan”) under which equity securities are authorized for issuance. The 2006 Equity Plan was initially approved by stockholders on May 25, 2006.

At our annual meeting of stockholders held May 21, 2013, our stockholders approved an amendment to the 2006 Equity Plan to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder by 10.0 million, for an aggregate of 32.0 million shares issuable thereunder, and our stockholders also approved an amendment to our 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder by 5.0 million, for an aggregate of 30.4 million shares issuable thereunder. At our annual meeting of stockholders held May 12, 2015, our stockholders approved an amendment to the 2006 Equity Plan to extend its term until May 12, 2025. At our annual meeting of stockholders held May 7, 2021, our stockholders approved an amendment to our 1996 Employee Stock Purchase Plan to increase the number of shares issuable thereunder by 3.0 million, for an aggregate of 33.4 million shares issuable thereunder.

The following table presents information about these plans as of December 31, 2024 (share numbers in thousands):

(1)

Includes 1,527,351 shares of restricted stock units that are not included in the calculation of the weighted average exercise price.

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(2)

Consists of 3,638,237 securities available for issuance under the 2006 Equity Plan and 3,224,044 of securities available for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

The purpose of the 2006 Equity Plan is to motivate employees, officers and directors by providing equity ownership and compensation opportunities in Teradyne. The aggregate number of shares available under the 2006 Equity Plan as of December 31, 2024 was 3,638,237 shares of our common stock. The 2006 Equity Plan authorizes the grant of stock-based awards in the form of (1) non-qualified and incentive stock options, (2) stock appreciation rights, (3) restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards, (4) phantom stock, and (5) other stock-based awards. Awards may be tied to time-based vesting schedules and/or performance-based vesting measured by reference to performance criteria chosen by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors, which administers the 2006 Equity Plan. Awards may be made to any employee, officer, consultant and advisor of Teradyne and our subsidiaries, as well as to our directors. The maximum number of shares of stock-based awards that may be granted to one participant during any one fiscal year is 2,000,000 shares of common stock.

As of December 31, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested restricted stock units and options was $82.6 million and is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2.5 years.

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the change in our cumulative total shareholder return in our common stock with (i) the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and (ii) the Morningstar Global Semiconductor Equipment & Materials GR USD Industry Group. The comparison assumes $100.00 was invested on December 31, 2019 in our common stock and in each of the foregoing indices and assumes reinvestment of dividends, if any. Historic stock price performance is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standard Update ("ASU") No. 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures", which requires us to disclose significant segment expenses and other segment items used by the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") on an annual and interim basis as well as provide in interim periods all disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets that are currently required annually. Additionally, we are required to disclose the title and position of the CODM. We retrospectively adopted and complied with this standard for the annual period ending December 31, 2024. See Note U: "Segment, Geographic and Significant Customer Information." The adoption of this standard had no impact on our results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 –“Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, which requires expanded disclosures relating to the tax rate reconciliation, income taxes paid, income (loss) before income tax expense (benefit) and income tax expense (benefit), requiring a greater disaggregation of information for each. The provisions of ASU 2023-09 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03-"Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income -Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses", which requires disclosure of additional expense information on an annual and interim basis, including the amounts of inventory purchases, employee compensation, depreciation and intangible amortization included within each income statement expense caption. This standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied on a prospective basis, but retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, marketable securities, forward currency contracts and accounts receivable. Our cash equivalents consist primarily of money market funds invested in U.S. Treasuries and government agencies. Our fixed income available-for-sale marketable securities have a minimum rating of AA by one or more of the major credit rating agencies. We place forward currency contracts with high credit-quality financial institutions in order to minimize credit risk exposure. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable are limited due to the large number of geographically dispersed customers. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers’ financial condition and from time to time may require customers to provide a letter of credit from a bank to secure accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2024, two customers of our Semiconductor Test segment, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. and SK Hynix Inc, each accounted for 10% of our accounts receivable balance. As of December 31, 2023, a customer of our Semiconductor Test segment, Texas Instruments Inc., accounted for 18% of our accounts receivable balance.

Exchange Rate Risk Management

We regularly enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the value of our monetary assets and liabilities in Japanese Yen, British Pound, Korean Won, Taiwan Dollar, Singapore Dollar, Euro, Philippine Peso, Chinese Yuan, and Danish Krone. These foreign currency forward contracts have maturities of approximately one month. These contracts are used to minimize the effect of exchange rate fluctuations associated with the remeasurement of monetary assets and liabilities.

We also enter into foreign currency forward contracts to hedge the impact of exchange rates on our revenues in Japanese Yen. These contracts have maturities of less than one year. We do not engage in currency speculation.

On November 7, 2023, in connection with our agreement to acquire 10% investment in Technoprobe S.p.A, we purchased a call option to buy 481.0 million Euros, which expired in April 2024. On April 12, 2024, we entered into a forward to buy 481.0 million Euros, which expired on May 23, 2024.

We performed a sensitivity analysis assuming a hypothetical 10% fluctuation in foreign exchange rates to the hedging contracts and the underlying exposures described above. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the analysis indicated that these hypothetical market movements would not have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Interest Rate Risk Management

We are exposed to potential losses due to changes in interest rates. Our interest rate exposure is primarily related to short-term and long-term marketable securities.

In order to estimate the potential loss due to interest rate risk, a fluctuation in interest rates of 25 basis points was assumed. Market risk for the short and long-term marketable securities was estimated as the potential change in the fair value resulting from a hypothetical change in interest rates for securities contained in the investment portfolio. The potential change in the fair value from changes in interest rates is immaterial as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Teradyne, Inc.

Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Teradyne, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the related consolidated statements of operations, of comprehensive income, of convertible common shares and shareholders' equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, including the related notes and schedule of valuation and qualifying accounts for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 appearing under Item 15(c) (collectively referred to as the "consolidated financial statements"). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.

Change in Accounting Principle

As discussed in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for convertible debt in 2022.

Basis for Opinions

The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in

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accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Revenue Recognition - Certain Product Revenue

As described in Note B to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recognizes revenue for transactions that do not meet the criteria for over time recognition, at a point in time when shipped or delivered based on contractual terms. The transaction price is the amount of consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for such products, which is generally at contractually stated prices. The Company’s total product revenue was $2.3 billion for the year ended December 31, 2024, of which a majority relates to certain product revenue.

The principal consideration for our determination that performing procedures relating to revenue recognition for certain product revenue is a critical audit matter is a high degree of auditor effort in performing procedures related to revenue recognition for certain of the Company’s product revenue.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to the recognition process for certain product revenue. These procedures also included, among others (i) testing the revenue recognized for a sample of certain product revenue transactions by obtaining and inspecting source docum

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None.

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management, with the participation of our CEO and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective in ensuring that material information required to be disclosed by us in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, including ensuring that such material information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013), our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.

The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included under Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) (“Section 16 Officers”) and directors from time to time enter into contracts, instructions or written plans for the purchase or sale of our securities that are intended to satisfy the conditions specified in Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act for an affirmative defense against liability for trading in securities on the basis of material nonpublic information. We refer to these contracts, instructions, and written plans as “Rule 10b5-1 trading plans” and each one as a “Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.” During our fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2024, no Section 16 Officer or director adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading plan.

Not applicable.

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PAR****T III

The information required by this Item 10 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

We have adopted a written code of business conduct that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Our Code of Conduct is available on our investor relations website at investors.teradyne.com under the section entitled "Governance Policies" in the "Governance" menu. If we make any substantive amendments to our Code of Conduct or grant any of our directors or executive officers any waiver, including any implicit waiver, from a provision of our Code of Conduct, we will disclose the nature of the amendment or waiver on our website or in a Current Report on Form 8-K.

The information required by this Item 11 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. For this purpose, the Compensation Committee Report included in such proxy statement is specifically not incorporated herein.

The information required by this Item 12 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference. Also see “Item 7: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Equity Compensation Plans.”

The information required by this Item 13 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

The information required by this Item 14 will be included in our definitive Proxy Statement in connection with our 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report and is incorporated herein by reference.

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PA****RT IV

15(a)(1) Financial Statements

The following consolidated financial statements are included in Item 8:

15(a)(2) Financial Statement Schedule

The following consolidated financial statement schedule is included in Item 15(c):

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

Schedules other than those listed above have been omitted since they are either not required or information is otherwise included.

15(a)(3) Listing of Exhibits

The Exhibits which are filed with this report or which are incorporated by reference herein are set forth in the Exhibit Index.

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15(c) Financial Statement Schedules

TERADYNE, INC.

SCHEDULE II—VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

Not applicable.

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EXHIBIT INDEX

The following designated exhibits are, as indicated below, either filed herewith or have heretofore been filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are referred to and incorporated by reference to such filings.

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† -Confidential treatment granted.

• -Management contract or compensatory plan.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized this 20th day of February 2025.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.