Tyler Technologies 10-Q 2022-03-31

Filed 2022-04-27. 8 sections, 159K characters. Original on sec.gov · Markdown · JSON

Cover and table of contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

OR

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-10485

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware75-2303920
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)(I.R.S. employer identification no.)
5101 TENNYSON PARKWAYPLANOTexas75024
(Address of principal executive offices)(City)(State)(Zip code)

(972) 713-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each classTrading symbolName of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUETYLNew York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer☒Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock of registrant outstanding on April 26, 2022 was 41,473,695.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties$16,506$14,933
Subscriptions245,443102,479
Software services61,49747,640
Maintenance117,029119,112
Appraisal services8,5186,465
Hardware and other7,1154,173
Total revenues456,108294,802
Cost of revenues:
Software licenses and royalties2,6091,236
Amortization of acquired software13,2217,964
Subscriptions, software services and maintenance236,896134,320
Appraisal services5,9364,617
Hardware and other5,0282,458
Total cost of revenues263,690150,595
Gross profit192,418144,207
Selling, general and administrative expenses97,89578,774
Research and development expense23,94121,813
Amortization of other intangibles14,7145,412
Operating income55,86838,208
Interest expense(4,804)(478)
Other income, net364566
Income before income taxes51,42838,296
Income tax provision11,4441,320
Net income$39,984$36,976
Earnings per common share:
Basic$0.97$0.91
Diluted$0.94$0.88

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Net income$39,984$36,976
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Securities available-for-sale and transferred securities:
Change in net unrealized holding losses on available-for-sale securities during the period(629)—
Reclassification adjustment of unrealized losses on securities transferred from held-to-maturity(27)—
Reclassification adjustment for net gain on sale of available-for-sale securities, included in net income(41)—
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(697)—
Comprehensive income39,28736,976

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)

March 31, 2022 (unaudited)December 31, 2021
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$243,262$309,171
Accounts receivable (less allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $13,965 in 2022 and $12,086 in 2021)501,200521,059
Short-term investments44,97352,300
Prepaid expenses63,58655,513
Income tax receivable—18,137
Other current assets6,8788,151
Total current assets859,899964,331
Accounts receivable, long-term14,74213,937
Operating lease right-of-use assets42,36939,720
Property and equipment, net177,508181,193
Other assets:
Software development costs, net36,31128,489
Goodwill2,440,8432,359,674
Other intangibles, net1,072,4791,052,493
Non-current investments34,34246,353
Other non-current assets45,31345,971
$4,723,806$4,732,161
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$128,284$119,98

Showing the first 8K of 96K characters. Open the full section

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are not historical in nature and typically address future or anticipated events, trends, expectations or beliefs with respect to our financial condition, results of operations or business. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “might,” “could” or other similar words or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. We believe there is a reasonable basis for our forward-looking statements, but they are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially from the expectations and beliefs reflected in the forward-looking statements. We presently consider the following to be among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and beliefs: (1) the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, including its potential effects on the economic environment, our customers and our operations, as well as any changes to federal, state or local government laws, regulations or orders in connection with the pandemic; (2) changes in the budgets or regulatory environments of our clients, primarily local and state governments, that could negatively impact information technology spending; (3) disruption to our business and harm to our competitive position resulting from cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities (4) our ability to protect client information from security breaches and provide uninterrupted operations of data centers; (5) our ability to achieve growth or operational synergies through the integration of acquired businesses, while avoiding unanticipated costs and disruptions to existing operations; (6) material portions of our business require the Internet infrastructure to be adequately maintained; (7) our ability to achieve our financial forecasts due to various factors, including project delays by our clients, reductions in transaction size, fewer transactions, delays in delivery of new products or releases or a decline in our renewal rates for service agreements; (8) general economic, political and market conditions; (9) technological and market risks associated with the development of new products or services or of new versions of existing or acquired products or services; (10) competition in the industry in which we conduct business and the impact of competition on pricing, client retention and pressure for new products or services; (11) the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and dealing with the loss or retirement of key members of management or other key personnel; and (12) costs of compliance and any failure to comply with government and stock exchange regulations. A detailed discussion of these factors and other risks that affect our business are described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors”. We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements.

GENERAL

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector. We develop and market a broad line of software products and services to address the IT needs of public sector entities. In addition, we provide professional IT services to our clients, including software and hardware installation, data conversion, training, and for certain clients, product modifications, along with continuing maintenance and support for clients using our systems. We also provide subscription-based services such as software as a service (“SaaS”) and electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”), which simplify the filing and management of court related documents. We also provide property appraisal outsourcing services for taxing jurisdictions.

Our products generally automate nine major functional areas: (1) financial management and education, (2) courts and justice, (3) public safety, (4) property appraisal and tax, (5) planning, regulatory and maintenance, (6) land and vital records management, (7) data and insights, (8) development platform technologies, and (9) NIC digital government and payments. We report our results in two reportable segments. The ES reportable segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: financial management and education, courts and justice, public safety, planning, regulatory and maintenance, data and insights, appraisal and tax software solutions, land and vital records management software solutions, and property appraisal services. The Platform Technologies ("PT") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software solutions to perform transaction processing, streamline data processing, and improve operations and workflows such as: the NIC digital government and payments solutions and development platform solutions.

As of January 1, 2022, the appraisal and tax software solutions, land and vital records management software solutions, and property appraisal service business unit, which was previously reported in the Appraisal & Tax ("A&T") reportable segment, was moved to the ES reportable segment and the NIC digital government and payments solutions and development platform solutions moved to the PT reportable segment to reflect changes in the way in which management makes operating decisions, allocates resources, and manages the growth and profitability of the Company. As the result of the changes in our reportable segments, the former A&T and NIC reportable segments are no longer considered separate segments. Prior year amounts for the ES and PT reportable segments have been adjusted to reflect the segment change.

Our total employee count increased to 6,959 at March 31, 2022, including 1,103 employees from 2021 acquisitions, from 5,579 at March 31, 2021.

On February 8, 2022, we acquired US eDirect Inc. (US eDirect), a market-leading provider of technology solutions for campground and outdoor recreation management. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $6.4 million, was approximately $116.7 million, consisting of $117.6 million paid in cash, and approximately $5.5 million related to indemnity holdbacks, subject to certain post-closing adjustments.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, total revenues increased 54.7%, compared to the prior year period. Excluding the impact of 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, revenue increased 7.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. Revenues from acquisitions completed in 2021 and 2022 accounted for 47.4% of the increase in revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Subscriptions revenue grew 139.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period, primarily due the impact of the NIC acquisition, as well as an ongoing shift toward SaaS arrangements, along with growth in our transaction-based revenues such as e-filing and online payment services. Excluding the impact of 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, subscriptions revenue increased 16.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. Subscription revenues from acquisitions completed in 2021 and 2022 contributed 122.8% for the three months period ended March 31, 2022.

Our backlog as of March 31, 2022, was $1.76 billion, a 13.8% increase from last year.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of GAAP for the interim period and require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition and amortization and potential impairment of intangible assets and goodwill and share-based compensation expense. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read expanded information about our critical accounting policies and estimates provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021. Except for the accounting policies for business combinations as a result of adopting Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (ASC 805)(“ASU 2021-08”), there have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Percent of Total Revenues
Three Months Ended March 31,
20222021
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties3.6%5.1%
Subscriptions53.834.7
Software services13.516.2
Maintenance25.740.4
Appraisal services1.92.2
Hardware and other1.51.4
Total revenues100.0100.0
Cost of revenues:
Software licenses, royalties and acquired software3.53.1
Subscriptions, software services and maintenance51.945.6
Appraisal services1.31.6
Hardware and other1.20.8
Selling, general and administrative expenses21.526.7
Research and development expense5.27.4
Amortization of customer and trade name intangibles3.21.8
Operating income12.213.0
Interest expense(1.1)(0.2)
Other income, net0.10.2
Income before income taxes11.213.0
Income tax provision (benefit)2.40.4
Net income8.8%12.6%

Revenues

Acquisitions

On February 8, 2022, we acquired US eDirect Inc. (US eDirect), a market-leading provider of technology solutions for campground and outdoor recreation management. The impact of the US eDirect acquisition on our operating results is not considered material. US eDirect is operated as a part of the NIC division and the results of NIC and US eDirect, from their respective dates of acquisition, are included with the operating results of the PT segment.

On April 21, 2021, we acquired NIC, which became a direct subsidiary of the Company and NIC’s subsidiaries became indirect subsidiaries of the Company. NIC is a leading digital government solutions and payment company that serves federal, state and local government agencies.

The following table details revenue for NIC for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which is presented in our condensed consolidated statements of income from the date of acquisition and included in the operating results of the PT reportable segment.

Three Months Ended March 31,
2022
Revenues:
Software licenses and royalties$—
Subscriptions121,382
Software services13,109
Maintenance202
Appraisal services—
Hardware and other—
Total revenues$134,693

Software licenses and royalties

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software licenses and royalties revenue for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
ES$16,105$14,372$1,73312%
PT401561(160)(29)
Total software licenses and royalties revenue$16,506$14,933$1,57311%

Software licenses and royalties revenue increased 11% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. The increase in software licenses and royalties revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022, is attributed to several large on-premise sales of our enterprise and courts and justice solutions compared to the prior year period, partially offset by more clients choosing our SaaS offering rather than purchasing the software under a traditional perpetual software arrangement. Our total new client mix for the three months ended March 31, 2022, was approximately 23% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately 77% subscription-based arrangements, compared to total new client mix for the three months ended March 31, 2021, of approximately 45% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately 55% subscription-based arrangements.

Although the mix of new contracts between SaaS-based and perpetual license arrangements may vary from quarter to quarter and year to year, we expect our software license growth rate to slow in the short-term and begin to decline longer-term as a growing number of clients choose our SaaS-based options, rather than purchasing the software under a traditional perpetual software license arrangement and the Company begins transitioning to cloud-based only offerings. SaaS-based arrangements generally do not result in license revenue in the initial year as compared to perpetual software license arrangements but generate higher overall revenue over the term of the contract.

Subscriptions

The following table sets forth a comparison of our subscriptions revenue for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
ES$120,316$99,329$20,98721%
PT125,1273,150121,9773,872
Total subscriptions revenue$245,443$102,479$142,964140%

Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenue derived from online payments and SaaS arrangements. Other sources of subscription-based services are derived from digital government services and e-filing arrangements that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements.

Subscriptions revenue grew 140% for the three months ending March 31, 2022, compared to the prior period, primarily due to the inclusion of NIC’s revenues from the date of acquisition. Excluding the impact of revenue from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions of $125.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, subscriptions revenue increased 16.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. New SaaS clients as well as existing clients who converted to our SaaS model provided the majority of the subscriptions revenue increase. In the three months ending March 31, 2022, we added 149 new SaaS clients and 88 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS model. Since March 31, 2021, we have added 598 new SaaS clients while 288 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS offerings. Also excluding the impact of revenue from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, transaction-based fees contributed $2.6 million to the increase in subscriptions revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022, due to the increased volumes of online payments from utility billings.

Software services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software services revenue for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
ES$42,649$42,417$2321%
PT18,8485,22313,625261
Total software services revenue$61,497$47,640$13,85729%

Software services revenue primarily consists of professional services delivered in connection with implementing our software, converting client data, training client personnel, custom development activities, and consulting. New clients who acquire our software generally also contract with us to provide the related software services. Existing clients also periodically purchase additional training, consulting, and minor programming services. Software services revenue increased 29% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. Excluding the impact of revenue from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions of $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, software services increased 1.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. That increase for three months ended March 31, 2022, in software services revenue is primarily attributed to improved utilization of our professional services staff resulting from the shift to virtual delivery of most implementation services, partially offset by clients selecting our cloud solutions instead of our on-premises license arrangements which typically require more professional services.

Maintenance

The following table sets forth a comparison of our maintenance revenue for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
ES$110,695$109,469$1,2261%
PT6,3349,643(3,309)(34)
Total maintenance revenue$117,029$119,112$(2,083)(2)%

We provide maintenance and support services for our software products and certain third-party software. Maintenance revenue decreased 2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, maintenance revenue decreased mainly due to attrition related to a legacy case management solution and clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to SaaS, partially offset by annual maintenance rate increases and maintenance associated with new software license sales.

Appraisal services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our appraisal services revenue for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
ES$8,518$6,465$2,05332%
PT————
Total appraisal services revenue$8,518$6,465$2,05332%

Appraisal services revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022, increased by 32% compared to the prior year primarily due to the ramp-up of appraisal services for several new revaluation contracts which started in recent quarters. The appraisal services business is somewhat cyclical and driven in part by statutory revaluation cycles in various states.

Cost of Revenues and Gross Margins

The following table sets forth a comparison of the key components of our cost of revenues for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Software licenses and royalties$2,609$1,236$1,373111%
Acquired software13,2217,9645,25766
Subscriptions, software services, and maintenance236,896134,320102,57676
Appraisal services5,9364,6171,31929
Hardware and other5,0282,4582,570105
Total cost of revenues$263,690$150,595$113,09575%

The following table sets forth a comparison of gross margin percentage by revenue type for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months Ended
20222021Change
Software licenses, royalties and acquired software4.1%38.4%(34.3)%
Subscriptions, software services and maintenance44.150.1(6.0)
Appraisal services30.328.61.7
Hardware and other29.341.1(11.8)
Overall gross margin42.2%48.9%(6.7)%

Software licenses, royalties and acquired software. Amortization expense for acquired software comprises the majority of costs of software licenses, royalties, and acquired software. We do not have any direct costs associated with royalties. In the three months ended March 31, 2022, our software licenses, royalties and acquired software gross margin decreased 34.3% compared to the prior year period due to increased amortization expense related to acquired software from acquisitions completed in 2021 and 2022. Excluding the impact from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, software licenses, royalties and acquired software gross margin was 38.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Subscriptions, software services and maintenance. Cost of subscriptions, software services and maintenance primarily consists of personnel costs related to installation of our software, conversion of client data, training client personnel and support activities, and various other services such as custom client development and ongoing operation of SaaS and e-filing arrangements. The subscriptions, software services, and maintenance gross margin in the three months ended March 31, 2022, decreased 6.0%, respectively, from the comparable prior year period, primarily due to the inclusion of NIC’s revenues, which historically have lower margins than Tyler. Excluding the impact from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, the gross margin was 48.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, a 1.8% decline principally due to lower maintenance revenue resulting from attrition related to a legacy case management solution and higher employee head count. Costs related to our accelerated transition to the cloud, including "bubble costs" related to the transition from our proprietary data centers to Amazon Web Services ("AWS"), also contributed to the decline in margins. Excluding employees added through acquisitions, our implementation and support staff has grown by 85 employees since March 31, 2021.

Appraisal services. Appraisal services revenue was approximately 1.9% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The appraisal services gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2022, increased 1.7% compared to the same period in 2021. The increase in margin is primarily due to cost savings attributed to lower travel expenses associated with appraisal projects. The appraisal services business is somewhat cyclical and driven in part by statutory revaluation cycles in various states.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, our overall gross margin decreased 6.7%, compared to the prior year period, primarily due to the inclusion of NIC’s revenues, which historically have lower margins than Tyler. Excluding the impact from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions, overall gross margins were 46.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, the decrease in gross margin compared to the prior year period is due to lower revenue from maintenance and higher employee costs, partially offset by improved utilization of our professional services staff resulting from the shift to virtual delivery of most implementation services and higher software license and royalties revenue.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of salaries, employee benefits, travel, share-based compensation expense, commissions, and related overhead costs for administrative and sales and marketing employees, as well as professional fees, trade show activities, advertising costs, and other marketing related costs.

The following table sets forth a comparison of our SG&A expenses for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Selling, general and administrative expenses$97,895$78,774$19,12124%

SG&A as a percentage of revenues was 21.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to 26.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Excluding the impact of SG&A expense from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions of $17.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, SG&A increased 1.8% for the three months ending March 31, 2022, compared to the prior year period. The increase in SG&A is primarily attributed to higher commission expense as a result of higher sales volumes compared to the prior period. These increases in SG&A were partially offset by lower stock compensation expense and lower travel expenses associated with administrative, sales, and marketing activities, including trade shows, as a result of changes in our business driven by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Research and Development Expense

The following table sets forth a comparison of our research and development expense for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Research and development expense$23,941$21,813$2,12810%

Research and development ("R&D") expense consists mainly of costs associated with development of new products and technologies from which we do not currently generate significant revenue. R&D expense in the three months ended March 31, 2022, increased 10% compared to the prior period. Excluding the impact of R&D expense from 2021 and 2022 acquisitions of $874,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2022, R&D expense increased 5.7% for the three months ending March 31, 2022 compared to prior year period, mainly due to a number of new Tyler product development initiatives across our product suites offset by a shift of some development resources to certain projects which meet the criteria for capitalization.

Amortization of Other Intangibles

The following table sets forth a comparison of amortization of customer and trade name intangibles for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Amortization of other intangibles$14,714$5,412$9,302172%

Acquisition intangibles are comprised of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible assets acquired that are allocated to acquired software and customer and trade name intangibles. The remaining excess purchase price is allocated to goodwill that is not subject to amortization. Amortization expense related to acquired software is included with cost of revenues while amortization expense of customer and trade name intangibles is recorded as operating expense. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, amortization expense increased compared to the prior period due to acquisitions completed in 2021 and 2022.

Interest Expense

The following table sets forth a comparison of our interest expense for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Interest expense$(4,804)$(478)$(4,326)905%

Interest expense is primarily comprised of interest expense and non-usage and other fees associated with our borrowings. The change in interest expense in the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior period is attributable to higher levels of borrowings related to the 2021 Credit Agreement and Convertible Senior Notes, as well as an increase in interest rates.

Other Income, Net

The following table sets forth a comparison of our other income, net, for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Other income, net$364$566$(202)(36)%

Other income, net, is primarily comprised of interest income from invested cash. The change in other income, net, in the three months ended March 31, 2022, compared to the prior period is attributed to lower levels of invested cash.

Income Tax Provision

The following table sets forth a comparison of our income tax provision for the periods presented as of March 31:

Three Months EndedChange
20222021$%
Income tax provision$11,444$1,320$10,124767%
Effective income tax rate22.3%3.4%

The change in effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022, as compared to the same period in 2021, was principally driven by a decrease in the excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards and an increase in reserves for state income tax benefits which are no longer more likely than not to be realized. The effective income tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, were different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards and the tax benefit of research tax credits, offset by state income taxes, non-deductible business expenses, and reserves for unrecognized state income tax benefits. The excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards realized were $3.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to $8.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. Excluding the excess tax benefits, the effective tax rate was 28.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 compared to 26.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

As of March 31, 2022, we had cash and cash equivalents of $243.3 million compared to $309.2 million at December 31, 2021. We also had $79.3 million invested in investment grade corporate and municipal bonds as of March 31, 2022. These investments have varying maturity dates through 2027 and are held as available-for-sale. As of March 31, 2022, we believe our cash from operating activities, revolving credit facility, cash on hand, and access to the capital markets provides us with sufficient flexibility to meet our long-term financial needs.

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for the three months ended March 31:

20222021
Cash flows provided (used) by:
Operating activities$53,541$71,703
Investing activities(111,173)(39,694)
Financing activities(8,277)615,120
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents$(65,909)$647,129

Net cash provided by operating activities continues to be our primary source of funds to finance operating needs and capital expenditures. Other potential capital resources include cash on hand, public and private issuances of debt or equity securities, and bank borrowings. It is possible that our ability to access the capital and credit markets in the future may be limited by economic conditions or other factors.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, operating activities provided cash of $53.5 million. Operating activities that provided cash were primarily comprised of net income of $40.0 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization charges of $38.1 million, non-cash share-based compensation expense of $25.3 million and a non-cash decrease in operating lease right-of-use assets of $3.1 million. Working capital, excluding cash, decreased approximately $52.9 million mainly due to decline in deferred revenue balances, timing of bonus payments, timing of payroll related tax payments, and decreases in operating lease liabilities and deferred taxes associated with stock option activity during the period. These decreases were offset by the timing of income tax payments and timing of collections of annual maintenance renewals and subscription renewal billings that are billed in the fourth quarter. In general, changes in deferred revenue are cyclical and primarily driven by the timing of our maintenance renewal billings. Our renewal dates occur throughout the year, but our largest renewal billing cycles occur in the second and fourth quarters. In addition, subscription renewals are billed throughout the year.

Our days sales outstanding (“DSO”) was 99 days at March 31, 2022, compared to 108 days at December 31, 2021, and 101 days at March 31, 2021. The decrease in DSO compared to December 31, 2021, is primarily attributed to our maintenance billing cycle, which typically peaks at its highest level in June and second highest level in December of each year, followed by collections in the subsequent quarter. DSO is calculated based on quarter-end accounts receivable divided by the quotient of annualized quarterly revenues divided by 360 days. The decrease in DSO compared to March 31, 2021, is attributed to improved collection efforts.

Investing activities used cash of $111.2 million in the three months ending March 31, 2022. On February 8, 2022, we acquired US eDirect Inc. (US eDirect), a market-leading provider of technology solutions for campground and outdoor recreation management. The total purchase price, net of cash acquired of $6.4 million, was approximately $116.7 million, consisting of $117.6 million paid in cash, and approximately $5.5 million related to indemnity holdbacks, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. In addition, approximately $7.9 million of software development costs were capitalized. The remaining additions were for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of internal growth, particularly with respect to data centers supporting growth in our cloud-based offerings.

Financing activities used cash of $8.3 million in the three months ended March 31, 2022, was primary attributable to repayment of $20.0 million of the unsecured term loans and stock option exercises and employee stock purchase plan activity.

In February 2019, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of an additional 1.5 million shares of our common stock. The repurchase program, which was approved by our board of directors, was originally announced in October 2002 and was amended at various times from 2003 through 2019. As of March 31, 2022, we have authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.4 million additional shares of our common stock. Our share repurchase program allows us to repurchase shares at our discretion. Market conditions influence the timing of the buybacks and the number of shares repurchased, as well as the volume of employee stock option exercises. Share repurchases are generally funded using our existing cash balances and borrowings under our credit facility and may occur through open market purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms. There is no expiration date specified for the authorization, and we intend to repurchase stock under the plan from time to time.

We made tax payments of $393,000 and $59,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2022, and 2021, respectively.

See Note 4, "Debt", to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for discussions of the Convertible Senior Notes and the 2021 Credit Agreement.

From time to time we engage in discussions with potential acquisition candidates. In order to pursue such opportunities, which could require significant commitments of capital, we may be required to incur debt or to issue additional potentially dilutive securities in the future. No assurance can be given as to our future acquisition opportunities and how such opportunities will be financed.

We anticipate that 2022 capital spending will be between $62 million and $67 million, including approximately $36 million of capitalized software development. We expect the majority of the other capital spending will consist of computer equipment and software for infrastructure replacements and expansion. Capital spending is expected to be funded from existing cash balances and cash flows from operations.

We lease office facilities, as well as transportation and other equipment used in our operations under non-cancelable operating lease agreements expiring at various dates through 2027.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect us due to adverse changes in financial market prices and interest rates.

As of March 31, 2022, we had $735.0 million of outstanding borrowings under our 2021 Credit Agreement and available borrowing capacity under the 2021 Credit Agreement was $500.0 million.

Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility and the Term Loan A-1 bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Administrative Agent’s prime commercial lending rate (subject to certain higher rate determinations) (the “Base Rate”) plus a margin of 0.125% to 0.75% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month LIBOR rate plus a margin of 1.125% to 1.75%. The Term Loan A-2 bears interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Base Rate plus a margin of 0% to 0.5% or (2) the one-, three-, or six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month LIBOR rate plus a margin of 0.875% to 1.5%.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the average effective interest rate for our borrowings was 1.95%. As of March 31, 2022, the interest rate was 1.65% for our outstanding borrowings. Based on the debt under the 2021 Credit Agreement, the aggregate principal outstanding balance as of March 31, 2022, is $735.0 million, and each quarter point change in interest rates would result in a $1.8 million change in annual interest expense.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2022, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

Other than routine litigation incidental to our business, there are no material legal proceedings pending to which we are party or to which any of our properties are subject.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, one should carefully consider the discussion of various risks and uncertainties contained in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe those risk factors are the most relevant to our business and could cause our results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by us. Please note, however, that those are not the only risk factors facing us. Additional risks that we do not consider material, or of which we are not currently aware, may also have an adverse impact on us. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs or materializes. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline, and our shareholders may lose all or part of their investment. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, there were no material changes in the information regarding risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

None

Item 5. Other Information

None

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit 31.1Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1Certifications Pursuant Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 101.INSInline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags, including Cover Page XBRL tags, are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document.
Exhibit 101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
Exhibit 101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.LABInline XBRL Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By:/s/ Brian K. Miller
Brian K. Miller
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(principal financial officer and an authorized signatory)

Date: April 27, 2022