Tyler Technologies 10-Q 2024-03-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒			QUARTERLY REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2024

OR

☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-10485

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware						75-2303920
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

5101 TENNYSON PARKWAY			PLANO			Texas			75024
(Address of principal executive offices)			(City)			(State)			(Zip code)

(972) 713-3700

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Title of each class			Trading symbol			Name of each exchange on which registered
COMMON STOCK, $0.01 PAR VALUE			TYL			New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data file required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer,” "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer						☒						Accelerated filer						☐
Non-accelerated filer						☐						Smaller reporting company						☐
												Emerging growth company						☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of common stock of registrant outstanding on April 22, 2024 was 42,455,267.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

						Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024						2023
Revenues:
Subscriptions						$	313,243					$	280,465
Maintenance						117,218						115,130
Professional services						64,806						60,929
Software licenses and royalties						8,734						10,130
Hardware and other						8,358						5,199
Total revenues						512,359						471,853
Cost of revenues:
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services						268,870						252,415
Software licenses and royalties						1,565						2,313
Amortization of software development						4,363						2,588
Amortization of acquired software						9,239						8,920
Hardware and other						4,656						5,780
Total cost of revenues						288,693						272,016
Gross profit						223,666						199,837
Sales and marketing expense						36,427						37,103
General and administrative expense						72,710						72,360
Research and development expense						29,433						26,987
Amortization of other intangibles						18,118						18,407
Operating income						66,978						44,980
Interest expense						(2,184)						(7,684)
Other income, net						1,845						1,246
Income before income taxes						66,639						38,542
Income tax provision						12,469						7,667
Net income						$	54,170					$	30,875
Earnings per common share:
Basic						$	1.28					$	0.74
Diluted						$	1.26					$	0.73

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

						Three Months Ended March 31,
						2024						2023
Net income						$	54,170					$	30,875
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
Securities available-for-sale and transferred securities:
Change in net unrealized holding gain (loss) on available for sale securities during the period						53						94
Other comprehensive income, net of tax						53						94
Comprehensive income						$	54,223					$	30,969

See accompanying notes.

TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share amounts)

			March 31, 2024 (unaudited)						December 31, 2023
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents			$	188,237					$	165,493
Accounts receivable (less allowance for losses and sales adjustments of $20,198 in 2024 and $22,829 in 2023)			542,441						619,704
Short-term investments			8,707						10,385
Prepaid expenses			76,486						54,700
Other current assets			8,550						10,303
Total current assets			824,421						860,585
Accounts receivable, long-term			7,340						8,988
Operating lease right-of-use assets			37,874						39,039
Property and equipment, net			167,121						169,720
Other assets:
Software development costs, net			69,795						67,124
Goodwill			2,532,125						2,532,109
Other intangibles, net			901,434						928,870
Non-current investments			5,492						7,046
Other non-current assets			63,153						63,182
			$	4,608,755					$	4,676,663
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable			$	145,168					$	146,339
Accrued liabilities			106,446						158,558
Operating lease liabilities			11,147						11,060
Current income tax payable			38,293						2,466
Deferred reve

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CAUTIONARY NOTE CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This document contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are not historical in nature and typically address future or anticipated events, trends, expectations or beliefs with respect to our financial condition, results of operations or business. Forward-looking statements often contain words such as “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “foresees,” “forecasts,” “estimates,” “plans,” “intends,” “continues,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “projects,” “might,” “could” or other similar words or phrases. Similarly, statements that describe our business strategy, outlook, objectives, plans, intentions or goals also are forward-looking statements. We believe there is a reasonable basis for our forward-looking statements, but they are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties and actual results could differ materially from the expectations and beliefs reflected in the forward-looking statements. We presently consider the following to be among the important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and beliefs: (1) changes in the budgets or regulatory environments of our clients, primarily local and state governments, that could negatively impact information technology spending; (2) disruption to our business and harm to our competitive position resulting from cyber-attacks and security vulnerabilities; (3) our ability to protect client information from security breaches and provide uninterrupted operations of data centers; (4) our ability to achieve growth or operational synergies through the integration of acquired businesses, while avoiding unanticipated costs and disruptions to existing operations; (5) material portions of our business require the Internet infrastructure to be adequately maintained; (6) our ability to achieve our financial forecasts due to various factors, including project delays by our clients, reductions in transaction size, fewer transactions, delays in delivery of new products or releases or a decline in our renewal rates for service agreements; (7) general economic, political and market conditions, including continued inflation and rising interest rates; (8) technological and market risks associated with the development of new products or services or of new versions of existing or acquired products or services; (9) competition in the industry in which we conduct business and the impact of competition on pricing, client retention and pressure for new products or services; (10) the ability to attract and retain qualified personnel and dealing with rising labor costs, the loss or retirement of key members of management or other key personnel; and (11) costs of compliance and any failure to comply with government and stock exchange regulations. These factors and other risks that affect our business are described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors”. We expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements.

GENERAL

We provide integrated information management solutions and services for the public sector. We develop and market a broad line of software products and services to address the IT needs of public sector entities. We provide subscription-based services such as software as a service (“SaaS”) and transaction-based fees primarily related to digital government services and online payment processing. In addition, we provide professional IT services to our clients, including software and hardware installation, data conversion, training, and for certain clients, product modifications, along with continuing maintenance and support for clients using our systems. Additionally, we provide property appraisal outsourcing services for taxing jurisdictions.

We report our results in two reportable segments. Business units that have met the aggregation criteria have been combined into our two reportable segments. The Enterprise Software ("ES") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software systems and services to meet their information technology and automation needs for mission-critical “back-office” functions such as: public administration solutions; courts and public safety solutions; education solutions, and property and recording solutions. The Platform Technologies ("PT") reportable segment provides public sector entities with software solutions to platform and transformative solutions including digital solutions, payment processing, streamlined data processing, and improve operations and workflows.

We evaluate performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is business segment operating income. We define segment operating income for our business units as income before non-cash amortization of intangible assets associated with their acquisitions, interest expense, and income taxes. Segment operating income includes intercompany transactions. The majority of intercompany transactions relate to contracts involving more than one unit and are valued based on the contractual arrangement. Corporate segment operating loss primarily consists of compensation costs for the executive management team, certain shared services staff, and share-based compensation expense for the entire company. Corporate segment operating loss also includes revenues and expenses related to a company-wide user conference.

See Note 3, "Segment and Related Information," in the notes to the financial statements for additional information.

Recent Acquisitions

2024

We did not complete any new acquisitions during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

2023

On October 31, 2023, we acquired Resource Exploration, Inc. (“ResourceX”), a leading provider of budgeting software to the public sector. Also on October 31, 2023, we acquired ARInspect, Inc. (“ARInspect”), a leading provider of AI powered machine learning solutions for public sector field operations. On August 8, 2023, we acquired Computing System Innovations, LLC (“CSI”), a leading provider of artificial intelligence automation, redaction, and indexing solution for courts, recorders, attorneys, and others. The actual operating results of CSI and ResourceX, from their respective dates of acquisition, are included in the operating results of the ES segment. The operating results of ARInspect are included in the operating results of the PT segment since the date of acquisition.

Operating Result**s

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, total revenues increased 9%, compared to the prior period primarily due to the increase in subscription revenue. Revenues from recent acquisitions contributed $3.0 million or 1% to the total revenue increase for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period.

Subscriptions revenue grew 12% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period, primarily due to an ongoing shift toward SaaS arrangements, along with growth in our transaction-based revenues such as e-filing and payment services. Subscription revenues from recent acquisitions contributed $1.0 million or 0.4% to the increase for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Our backlog as of March 31, 2024, was $2.02 billion, a 9.5% increase compared to March 31, 2023.

Our total employee count increased to 7,305 at March 31, 2024, including 68 employees who joined us through acquisitions completed since March 31, 2023, from 7,229 at March 31, 2023.

Annualized Recurring Revenues

Subscriptions and maintenance are considered recurring revenue sources. Annualized recurring revenues (ARR) are calculated by annualizing the current quarter's recurring revenues from maintenance and subscriptions as reported in our statement of income. Management believes ARR is an indicator of the annual run rate of our recurring revenues, as well as a measure of the effectiveness of the strategies we deploy to drive revenue growth over time. ARR is a metric we believe is widely used by companies in the technology sector and by investors, which we believe offers insight to the stability of our maintenance and subscription revenues to be recognized within the year, which are considered recurring in nature, with some seasonality.

Subscriptions revenue primarily consists of revenues derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees, which relate to digital government services, e-filing transactions, and payment processing. These revenues are considered recurring because revenues from these sources are expected to re-occur in similar annual amounts for the term of our relationship with the client. Transaction-based fees are generally the result of multi-year contracts with our clients that result in fees generated by payment transactions and digital government services and are collected on a recurring basis during the contract term. Transaction-based fees are historically highest in the second quarter, which coincides with peak outdoor recreation seasons and statutory filing deadlines in many jurisdictions, and lowest in the fourth quarter due to fewer business days and lower transaction volumes around holidays. Because ARR is an annualized revenue amount, the metric can fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to this seasonality.

ARR was $1.72 billion and $1.58 billion as of March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. ARR increased 9% compared to the prior period primarily due to an increase in subscriptions revenue resulting from an ongoing shift toward SaaS arrangements.

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared following the requirements of GAAP for the interim period and require us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, potential impairment of intangible assets and goodwill, and share-based compensation expense. As these are condensed financial statements, one should also read expanded information about our critical accounting policies and estimates provided in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, included in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates from the information provided in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

			Percent of Total Revenues
			Three Months Ended March 31,
			2024						2023
Revenues:
Subscriptions			61.2		%				59.4		%
Maintenance			22.9						24.4
Professional services			12.6						12.9
Software licenses and royalties			1.7						2.1
Hardware and other			1.6						1.2
Total revenues			100.0						100.0
Cost of revenues:
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services			52.5						53.5
Software licenses, royalties, and amortization of acquired software			2.1						2.4
Amortization of software development			0.9						0.5
Hardware and other			0.9						1.2
Sales and marketing expense			7.1						7.9
General and administrative expense			14.2						15.3
Research and development expense			5.7						5.7
Amortization of other intangibles			3.5						4.0
Operating income			13.1						9.5
Interest expense			(0.4)						(1.6)
Other income, net			0.4						0.3
Income before income taxes			13.1						8.2
Income tax provision			2.4						1.7
Net income			10.7		%				6.5		%

Revenues

Subscriptions

The following table sets forth a comparison of our subscriptions revenue for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
ES						$	180,026					$	148,414					$	31,612					21		%
PT						133,217						132,051						1,166						1
Total subscriptions revenue						$	313,243					$	280,465					$	32,778					12		%

Subscriptions revenue consists of revenue derived from our SaaS arrangements and transaction-based fees primarily related to digital government services and payment processing. We also provide electronic document filing solutions (“e-filing”) that simplify the filing and management of court related documents for courts and law offices. E-filing revenue is derived from transaction fees and fixed fee arrangements.

Subscriptions revenue grew 12% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period, primarily due to an ongoing shift toward SaaS arrangements, along with growth in our transaction-based revenues. Subscription revenues from recent acquisitions contributed $1.0 million or 0.4% to the increase for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Total subscriptions revenue derived from SaaS arrangements fees was $148.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $121.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, SaaS fees grew $26.9 million, or 22% compared to prior period. New SaaS clients as well as existing on-premises clients who converted to our SaaS model provided the majority of the subscriptions revenue increase. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, we added 200 new SaaS clients and 90 on-premises existing clients elected to convert to our SaaS model. Since March 31, 2023, we have added 687 new SaaS clients while 355 existing on-premises clients converted to our SaaS offerings. Our new software contract mix for the three months ended March 31, 2024, was approximately 8% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately 92% subscription-based arrangements compared to total new contract mix for the three months ended March 31, 2023, of approximately 17% perpetual software license arrangements and approximately 83% subscription-based arrangements.

Total subscriptions revenue derived from transaction-based fees was $164.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to $158.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, transaction-based fees grew $5.9 million, or 4% compared to prior period. Contributing to the growth in transaction-based fees for the three months ended March 31, 2024, are the new transaction customers and volume increases from online payments and e-filing services and the impact of transaction-based fees from recent acquisitions of $1.0 million, compared to prior period.

Maintenance

The following table sets forth a comparison of our maintenance revenue for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
ES						$	111,182					$	110,081					$	1,101					1		%
PT						6,036						5,049						987						20
Total maintenance revenue						$	117,218					$	115,130					$	2,088					2		%

We provide maintenance and support services for our software products and certain third-party software. Maintenance revenue increased 2% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, maintenance revenue grew mainly due to annual maintenance rate increases and maintenance associated with new software license sales, partially offset by the impact of clients converting from on-premises license arrangements to SaaS.

Professional services

The following table sets forth a comparison of our professional services revenue for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
ES						$	54,893					$	51,499					$	3,394					7		%
PT						9,913						9,430						483						5
Total professional services revenue						$	64,806					$	60,929					$	3,877					6		%

Professional services revenue primarily consists of professional services billed in connection with implementing our software, converting client data, training client personnel, custom development activities, consulting and property appraisal outsourcing services. New clients who purchase our proprietary software licenses or subscriptions generally also contract with us to provide the related professional services. Existing clients also periodically purchase additional training, consulting and minor programming services.

Professional services revenue increased 6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period that increase is primarily attributable to higher new contract volume with increased billable rates and the addition of professional services staff to grow our capacity to deliver backlog.

Software licenses and royalties

The following table sets forth a comparison of our software licenses and royalties revenue for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
ES						$	8,571					$	8,068					$	503					6		%
PT						163						2,062						(1,899)						(92)
Total software licenses and royalties revenue						$	8,734					$	10,130					$	(1,396)					(14)		%

Software licenses and royalties revenue decreased 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period. The decrease is primarily attributed to the shift in the mix of new software contracts toward more subscription-based agreements compared to the prior period.

Although the mix of new contracts between subscription-based and perpetual license arrangements may vary from quarter to quarter and year to year, we expect the decline in software license revenues will accelerate as we continue to shift our model away from perpetual licenses to SaaS. Subscription-based arrangements result in lower software license revenue in the initial year as compared to perpetual software license arrangements but generate higher overall revenue over the term of the contract.

Cost of revenues and overall gross margin

The following table sets forth a comparison of the key components of our cost of revenues for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services						$	268,870					$	252,415					$	16,455					7		%
Software licenses and royalties						1,565						2,313						(748)						(32)
Amortization of software development						4,363						2,588						1,775						69
Amortization of acquired software						9,239						8,920						319						4
Hardware and other						4,656						5,780						(1,124)						(19)
Total cost of revenues						$	288,693					$	272,016					$	16,677					6		%

Subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services. Cost of subscriptions, maintenance and professional services primarily consist of personnel costs related to installation of our software, conversion of client data, training client personnel and support activities, including enhancing existing solutions, and various other services such as custom client development, on-going operation of SaaS, property appraisal outsourcing activities, digital government services, and other transaction-based services such as e-filing. Other costs included are interchange fees required to process credit/debit card transactions and bank fees to process automated clearinghouse transactions related to our payments business.

The cost of subscriptions, maintenance, and professional services for the three months ended March 31, 2024, increased $16.5 million or 7%, compared to the prior period. The impact from recent acquisitions was $1.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The remaining subscriptions, maintenance and professional services expenses increased 6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to duplicate hosting costs as we transition from our proprietary data centers to the public cloud and higher personnel costs. Excluding employees from recent acquisitions, our professional services staff grew by 96 employees since March 31, 2023, as we increased hiring to ensure that we are well-positioned to deliver our current backlog and anticipated new business.

Software licenses and royalties. Costs of software licenses and royalties primarily consist of direct third-party software costs. We do not have any direct costs associated with royalties.

The cost of software licenses and royalties for the three months ended March 31, 2024, decreased $0.7 million or 32%, compared to the prior period due to lower third-party software costs.

Amortization of software development. Software development costs included in cost of revenues primarily consist of personnel costs. We begin to amortize capitalized costs when a product is available for general release to customers. Amortization expense is determined on a product-by-product basis at a rate not less than straight-line basis over the software’s remaining estimated economic life of, generally, three to five years.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amortization of software development costs increased $1.8 million or 69%, compared to the prior period and is attributable to new capitalized software development projects going into service in the past year.

Amortization of acquired software. Amortization expense related to acquired software attributed to business combinations is included with cost of revenues. The estimated useful lives of other intangibles range from five to 10 years.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amortization of acquired software increased $0.3 million or 4%, compared to the prior period due to amortization of newly acquired software from recent acquisitions completed in fiscal year 2023, offset by assets becoming fully amortized in the fourth quarter 2023.

The following table sets forth a comparison of overall gross margin for the periods presented as of March 31:

						Three Months Ended
						2024						2023						Change
Overall gross margin						43.7		%				42.4		%				1.3		%

Overall Gross Margin. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our overall gross margin increased 1.3%, compared to the prior period. The increase in overall gross margin compared to the prior period is attributed to a higher revenue mix for subscription revenues compared to the prior period resulting in an increase in incremental margin related to software services, maintenance and subscriptions. Costs related to maintenance and various other services such as SaaS typically grow at a slower rate than related revenue due to leverage in the utilization of support and maintenance staff and economies of scale. The margin increases are partially offset by lower revenue from software licenses, higher software development amortization expense, duplicate hosting costs as we transition from our proprietary data centers to the public cloud, and higher personnel costs.

Sales and marketing expense

Sales and marketing expense (“S&M”) consists primarily of salaries, employee benefits, travel, share-based compensation expense, commissions and related overhead costs for sales and marketing employees, as well as professional fees, trade show activities, advertising costs and other marketing costs. The following table sets forth a comparison of our S&M expense for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Sales and marketing expense						$	36,427					$	37,103					$	(676)					(2)		%

S&M as a percentage of revenues was 7.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 7.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, S&M expense decreased approximately 2%, compared to the prior period. The decrease in S&M for the three months ended March 31, 2024, is primarily attributed to lower professional fees and trade-show event activities, offset by higher bonus and commission expenses.

General and administrative expense

General and administrative (“G&A”) expense consists primarily of personnel salaries and share-based compensation expense for general corporate functions, including senior management, finance, accounting, legal, human resources and corporate development as well as third-party professional fees, travel-related expenses, insurance, allocation of depreciation, facilities and IT support costs, amortization of software development for internal use, acquisition-related expenses and other administrative expenses. The following table sets forth a comparison of our G&A expense for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
General and administrative expense						$	72,710					$	72,360					$	350					—		%

G&A as a percentage of revenue was 14.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to 15.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2023. G&A expense remained flat for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period. The decrease in G&A as a percentage of revenue is primarily attributed to lower share-based compensation expense as a result of a lower number of awards granted and lower facilities costs from lease restructuring compare to prior period, offset by increase in total revenue, higher amortization of software development for internal use and higher bonus expense due to improved operating results.

Research and development expense

Research and development expense consists primarily of salaries, employee benefits and related overhead costs associated with new product development. Research and development expense consists mainly of costs associated with development of new products and technologies from which we do not currently generate significant revenue.

The following table sets forth a comparison of our research and development expense for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Research and development expense						$	29,433					$	26,987					$	2,446					9		%

Research and development expense increased 9% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period, mainly due to a number of product development initiatives shifting from capitalized development projects to projects that are expensed to research and development.

Amortization of other intangibles

Other intangibles are comprised of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible assets acquired that are allocated to acquired software and customer related, trade name, and leases acquired intangibles. The remaining excess purchase price is allocated to goodwill that is not subject to amortization. Amortization expense related to acquired software is included with cost of revenues while amortization expense of customer related, trade name, and leases acquired intangibles is recorded as operating expense. The estimated useful lives of other intangibles range from one to 25 years. The following table sets forth a comparison of amortization of other intangibles for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Amortization of other intangibles						$	18,118					$	18,407					$	(289)					(2)		%

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, amortization of other intangibles decreased compared to the prior period due to the impact of certain trade name intangibles assets becoming fully amortized as a result of accelerated amortization expense in the fourth quarter of 2023 and partially in 2024.

Interest expense

The following table sets forth a comparison of our interest expense for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Interest expense						$	(2,184)					$	(7,684)					$	5,500					(72)		%

Interest expense is comprised of interest expense and non-usage and other fees associated with our borrowings. The change in interest expense in the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period is primarily attributable to lower interest incurred as a result of our accelerated repayment of the term loans.

Other income, net

The following table sets forth a comparison of our other income, net, for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Other income, net						$	1,845					$	1,246					$	599					48		%

Other income, net, is primarily comprised of interest income from invested cash. The change in other income, net, in the three months ended March 31, 2024, compared to the prior period is due to increased interest income generated from invested cash as a result of higher interest rates in 2024 compared to 2023.

Income tax provision

The following table sets forth a comparison of our income tax provision for the three months ended March 31 ($ in thousands):

						Three Months Ended												Change
						2024						2023						$						%
Income tax provision						$	12,469					$	7,667					$	4,802					63		%
Effective income tax rate						18.7		%				19.9		%

The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, as compared to the prior period, is due to the increase in research tax credits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards in the current year, offset by liabilities for uncertain tax positions, an increase in state income taxes, and an increase in non-deductible business expenses.

The effective income tax rates for the periods presented are different from the statutory United States federal income tax rate of 21% primarily due to research tax credits and excess tax benefits related to stock incentive awards, offset by state income taxes, liabilities for uncertain tax positions, and non-deductible business expenses.

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND LIQUIDITY

As of March 31, 2024, we had cash and cash equivalents of $188.2 million compared to $165.5 million at December 31, 2023. We also had $14.2 million invested in investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities as of March 31, 2024. These investments have varying maturity dates through 2027 and are held as available-for-sale. We had one outstanding letter of credit totaling $750,000 in favor of a client contract as of March 31, 2024. We believe our cash on hand, cash from operating activities, availability under our revolving line of credit, and access to the capital markets provide us with sufficient flexibility to meet our long-term financial needs.

The following table sets forth a summary of cash flows for the three months ended March 31:

						2024						2023
Cash flows provided (used) by:
Operating activities						$	71,839					$	74,709
Investing activities						(12,681)						(600)
Financing activities						(36,414)						(117,121)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents						$	22,744					$	(43,012)

Net cash provided by operating activities continues to be our primary source of funds to finance operating needs and capital expenditures. Other potential capital resources include cash on hand, public and private issuances of debt or equity securities, and bank borrowings. It is possible that our ability to access the capital and credit markets in the future may be limited by economic conditions or other factors. We currently believe that our cash on hand, cash provided by operating activities, and available credit are sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, capital expenditures, income tax obligations, and share repurchases for at least the next twelve months.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, operating activities provided cash of $71.8 million. Operating activities that provided cash were primarily comprised of net income of $54.2 million, non-cash depreciation and amortization charges of $40.1 million, non-cash share-based compensation expense of $26.9 million and non-cash amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets of $2.5 million. Working capital, excluding cash, decreased approximately $51.8 million mainly due to the decline in deferred revenue balances, timing of prepaid renewals, timing of bonus payments, timing of payroll related tax payments, and decreases in operating lease liabilities and deferred taxes associated with stock option activity during the period. These decreases were offset by the timing of income tax payments and timing of collections of annual maintenance renewals and subscription renewal billings that are billed in the fourth quarter. In general, changes in deferred revenue are cyclical and primarily driven by the timing of our maintenance renewal billings. Our renewal dates occur throughout the year, but our largest renewal billing cycles occur in the second and fourth quarters. Subscription renewals are billed throughout the year.

Investing activities used cash of approximately $12.7 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024. We received $3.3 million in proceeds from investment grade corporate bonds, municipal bonds and asset-backed securities. Approximately $7.4 million of software development costs were capitalized. Approximately $7.3 million was invested in property and equipment, including $2.7 million related to real estate. We also paid $1.3 million primarily for working capital holdbacks related to acquisitions completed in 2023.The remaining additions were for computer equipment and furniture and fixtures in support of growth.

Financing activities used cash of $36.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2024, which is attributable to repayment of $50.0 million of term debt, partially offset by payments received from stock option exercises, net of withheld shares for taxes upon vesting of equity awards and employee stock purchase plan activity.

In February 2019, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of 1.5 million shares of our common stock. The repurchase program, which was approved by our board of directors, was originally announced in October 2002 and was amended at various times from 2003 through 2019. As of April 24, 2024, we have authorization from our board of directors to repurchase up to 2.2 million additional shares of our common stock. Our share repurchase program allows us to repurchase shares at our discretion. Market conditions influence the timing of the buybacks and the number of shares repurchased, as well as the volume of employee stock option exercises. Share repurchases are generally funded using our existing cash balances and borrowings under our credit facility and may occur through open market purchases and transactions structured through investment banking institutions, privately negotiated transactions and/or other mechanisms. There is no expiration date specified for the authorization.

As of March 31, 2024, we had $600 million in outstanding principal for the Convertible Senior Notes due 2026.

We repaid all amounts due under the Term Loans and have no outstanding borrowings under the 2021 Revolving Credit Facility with an available borrowing capacity of $500 million as of March 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2024, we had one outstanding letter of credit totaling $750,000. The letter of credit, which guarantees our performance under a client contract, renews annually and expires in the third quarter of 2026.

In the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, we paid interest of $1.7 million. See Note 8, "Debt," to the condensed consolidated financial statements for discussions of the Convertible Senior Notes and the Amended 2021 Credit Agreement.

We received income tax refunds, net of taxes paid, of $680,000 and $548,000 in the three months ended March 31, 2024, and 2023, respectively. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, stock option exercise activity generated net tax benefits of $2.7 million and reduced tax payments accordingly, as compared to $703,000 in the same period in 2023.

We anticipate that 2024 capital spending will be between $48 million and $50 million, including approximately $30 million of software development. We expect the majority of the other capital spending will consist of computer equipment and software for infrastructure replacements and expansion. Capital spending and cash tax payments are expected to be funded from existing cash balances and cash flows from operations.

We lease office facilities for use in our operations, as well as transportation and other equipment. Most of our leases are non-cancelable operating lease agreements with remaining terms of one to 11 years. Some of these leases include options to extend for up to six years.

Other than the accelerated repayment of $50.0 million of the Term Loans under the amended 2021 Credit Agreement, there were no material changes to our future minimum contractual obligations since December 31, 2023, as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 21, 2024. Our estimated future obligations consist of debt, uncertain tax positions, leases, and purchase commitments as of March 31, 2024. Refer to Note 8, “Debt,” Note 12, “Income Tax,” Note 15, “Leases,” and Note 17, “Commitment and Contingencies,” to the condensed consolidated financial statements for related discussions.

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may affect us due to adverse changes in financial market prices and interest rates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the effective interest rate for our borrowings was 8.66%. In accordance with our amended 2021 Credit Agreement, the borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility bear interest, at the Company’s option, at a per annum rate of either (1) the Administrative Agent’s prime commercial lending rate plus a margin of 0.125% to 0.75% or (2) the one-, three-, six-, or, subject to approval by all lenders, twelve-month SOFR rate plus a margin of 1.125% to 1.75%.

As of March 31, 2024, we had no outstanding borrowings under the amended 2021 Credit Agreement with available borrowing capacity under the 2021 Credit Agreement of $500.0 million and therefore are not subject to any interest risk.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. Management, with the participation of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2024. Based on this evaluation, the chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2024.

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended March 31, 2024, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings

During the first quarter of 2022, we received a notice of termination for convenience under a contractual arrangement with a state government client. Upon receipt of the termination notice, we ceased performing services under the contractual arrangement and sought payment of contractually owed fees of approximately $15 million in connection with the termination for convenience.

The client was unresponsive to our outreach for several months. On August 23, 2022, we filed a lawsuit to enforce our rights and remedies under the applicable contractual arrangement. At the client's invitation, we then engaged directly with the client on payment resolution. The engagement was not successful. On March 20, 2024, reinitiated our lawsuit. Although we believe our products and services were delivered in accordance with the terms of our contract and that we are entitled to payment in connection with the termination for convenience, at this time the matter remains unresolved. We can provide no assurances that we will not incur additional costs as we pursue our rights and remedies under the contract.

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, one should carefully consider the discussion of various risks and uncertainties contained in Part I, “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. We believe those risk factors are the most relevant to our business and could cause our results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by us. Please note, however, that those are not the only risk factors facing us. Additional risks that we do not consider material, or of which we are not currently aware, may also have an adverse impact on us. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed if any of these risks or uncertainties actually occurs or materializes. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline, and our shareholders may lose all or part of their investment. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were no material changes in the information regarding risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None

ITEM 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None

ITEM 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

None

(c) Trading Plans

None

Exhibit 31.1						Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 31.2						Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 32.1						Certifications Pursuant Certifications Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
Exhibit 101.INS						Inline XBRL Instance Document - the Instance Document does not appear in the interactive data file because its XBRL tags, including Cover Page XBRL tags, are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document.
Exhibit 101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
Exhibit 101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.LAB						Inline XBRL Extension Labels Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
Exhibit 104						Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

*File herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

			TYLER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
By:			/s/ Brian K. Miller
			Brian K. Miller
			Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
			(principal financial officer and an authorized signatory)

Date: April 24, 2024