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Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

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Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except per share amounts)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Operating revenue:
Passenger revenue$10,274$6,348
Cargo398627
Other operating revenue757591
Total operating revenue11,4297,566
Operating expense:
Salaries and related costs3,3222,787
Aircraft fuel3,1742,230
Landing fees and other rent717612
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs702407
Depreciation and amortization655611
Regional capacity purchase615565
Distribution expenses403226
Aircraft rent5661
Special charges (credits)14(8)
Other operating expenses1,8141,451
Total operating expense11,4728,942
Operating loss(43)(1,376)
Nonoperating income (expense):
Interest expense(486)(424)
Interest income1705
Interest capitalized3824
Unrealized gains on investments, net24—
Miscellaneous, net4119
Total nonoperating expense, net(213)(376)
Loss before income tax benefit(256)(1,752)
Income tax benefit(62)(375)
Net loss$(194)$(1,377)
Loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.59)$(4.24)

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Net loss$(194)$(1,377)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Employee benefit plans(35)5
Investments and other21—
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(14)5
Total comprehensive loss, net$(208)$(1,372)

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except shares)

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$7,634$7,166
Short-term investments9,5229,248
Restricted cash17345
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $12; 2022 — $11)2,2741,801
Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $629; 2022 — $610)1,1961,109
Prepaid expenses and other787689
Total current assets21,58620,058
Operating property and equipment:
Flight equipment44,29842,775
Other property and equipment9,5909,334
Purchase deposits for flight equipment2,9932,820
Total operating property and equipment56,88154,929
Less — Accumulated depreciation and amortization(21,044)(20,481)
Total operating property and equipment, net35,83734,448
Operating lease right-of-use assets4,0193,889
Other assets:
Goodwill4,5274,527
Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,468; 2022 — $1,472)2,7532,762
Restricted cash225210
Deferred income taxes15991
Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $17; 2022 — $21)1,3111,373
Total other assets8,9758,963
Total assets$70,417$67,358

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UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except shares)

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$3,858$3,395
Accrued salaries and benefits1,9701,971
Advance ticket sales10,1587,555
Frequent flyer deferred revenue2,8322,693
Current maturities of long-term debt3,2062,911
Current maturities of operating leases610561
Current maturities of finance leases75104
Current maturities of other financial liabilities2923
Other897779
Total current liabilities23,63519,992
Long-term debt27,46028,283
Long-term obligations under operating leases4,5694,459
Long-term obligations under finance leases105115
Other liabilities and deferred credits:
Frequent flyer deferred revenue4,0283,982
Pension liability778747
Postretirement benefit liability658671
Other financial liabilities1,130844
Other1,3861,369
Total other liabilities and deferred credits7,9807,613
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholders' equity:
Preferred stock——
Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000,000,000 shares; outstanding 327,968,615 and 326,930,321 shares at March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively44
Additional capital invested8,9268,986
Stock held in treasury, at cost(3,443)(3,534)
Retained earnings1,0201,265
Accumulated other comprehensive income161175
Total stockholders' equity6,6686,896
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$70,417$67,358

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities$3,142$1,476
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns(1,843)(402)
Purchases of short-term and other investments(4,193)(156)
Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investments4,06162
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment166
Other, net6—
Net cash used in investing activities(1,968)(430)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and fees288—
Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities(820)(783)
Other, net(31)(73)
Net cash used in financing activities(563)(856)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash611190
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period7,42118,533
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)$8,032$18,723
Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:
Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other$200$—
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leases29568
Lease modifications and lease conversions2359
Investment interests received in exchange for goods and services2142

(a) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts reported within the consolidated balance sheet:

Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$7,634$18,468
Restricted cash — Current17341
Restricted cash — Non-Current225214
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$8,032$18,723

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Common StockAdditional Capital InvestedTreasury StockRetained Earnings (Accumulated Deficit)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Total
SharesAmount
Balance at December 31, 2022326.9$4$8,986$(3,534)$1,265$175$6,896
Net loss————(194)—(194)
Other comprehensive loss—————(14)(14)
Stock-settled share-based compensation——11———11
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax1.1—(71)91(51)—(31)
Balance at March 31, 2023328.0$4$8,926$(3,443)$1,020$161$6,668
Balance at December 31, 2021323.8$4$9,156$(3,814)$625$(942)$5,029
Net loss————(1,377)—(1,377)
Other comprehensive income—————55
Stock-settled share-based compensation——38———38
Stock issued for share-based awards, net of shares withheld for tax2.9—(241)262(92)—(71)
Balance at March 31, 2022326.7$4$8,953$(3,552)$(844)$(937)$3,624

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Operating revenue:
Passenger revenue$10,274$6,348
Cargo398627
Other operating revenue757591
Total operating revenue11,4297,566
Operating expense:
Salaries and related costs3,3222,787
Aircraft fuel3,1742,230
Landing fees and other rent717612
Aircraft maintenance materials and outside repairs702407
Depreciation and amortization655611
Regional capacity purchase615565
Distribution expenses403226
Aircraft rent5661
Special charges (credits)14(8)
Other operating expenses1,8141,450
Total operating expense11,4728,941
Operating loss(43)(1,375)
Nonoperating income (expense):
Interest expense(486)(424)
Interest income1705
Interest capitalized3824
Unrealized gains on investments, net24—
Miscellaneous, net4119
Total nonoperating expense, net(213)(376)
Loss before income tax benefit(256)(1,751)
Income tax benefit(62)(374)
Net loss$(194)$(1,377)

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Net loss$(194)$(1,377)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Employee benefit plans(35)5
Investments and other21—
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(14)5
Total comprehensive loss, net$(208)$(1,372)

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except shares)

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$7,634$7,166
Short-term investments9,5229,248
Restricted cash17345
Receivables, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $12; 2022 — $11)2,2741,801
Aircraft fuel, spare parts and supplies, less obsolescence allowance (2023 — $629; 2022 — $610)1,1961,109
Prepaid expenses and other787689
Total current assets21,58620,058
Operating property and equipment:
Flight equipment44,29842,775
Other property and equipment9,5909,334
Purchase deposits for flight equipment2,9932,820
Total operating property and equipment56,88154,929
Less — Accumulated depreciation and amortization(21,044)(20,481)
Total operating property and equipment, net35,83734,448
Operating lease right-of-use assets4,0193,889
Other assets:
Goodwill4,5274,527
Intangibles, less accumulated amortization (2023 — $1,468; 2022 — $1,472)2,7532,762
Restricted cash225210
Deferred income taxes13062
Investments in affiliates and other, less allowance for credit losses (2023 — $17; 2022 —$21)1,3111,373
Total other assets8,9468,934
Total assets$70,388$67,329

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UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions, except shares)

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$3,858$3,395
Accrued salaries and benefits1,9701,971
Advance ticket sales10,1587,555
Frequent flyer deferred revenue2,8322,693
Current maturities of long-term debt3,2062,911
Current maturities of operating leases610561
Current maturities of finance leases75104
Current maturities of other financial liabilities2923
Other900781
Total current liabilities23,63819,994
Long-term debt27,46028,283
Long-term obligations under operating leases4,5694,459
Long-term obligations under finance leases105115
Other liabilities and deferred credits:
Frequent flyer deferred revenue4,0283,982
Pension liability778747
Postretirement benefit liability658671
Other financial liabilities1,130844
Other1,3861,369
Total other liabilities and deferred credits7,9807,613
Commitments and contingencies
Stockholder's equity:
Common stock at par, $0.01 par value; authorized 1,000 shares; issued and outstanding 1,000 shares at both March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022——
Additional capital invested414403
Retained earnings3,5223,716
Accumulated other comprehensive income161175
Payable to parent2,5392,571
Total stockholder's equity6,6366,865
Total liabilities and stockholder's equity$70,388$67,329

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

CONDENSED STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities$3,111$1,405
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Capital expenditures, net of flight equipment purchase deposit returns(1,843)(402)
Purchases of short-term and other investments(4,193)(156)
Proceeds from sale of short-term and other investments4,06162
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment166
Other, net6—
Net cash used in investing activities(1,968)(430)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Proceeds from issuance of debt and other financing liabilities, net of discounts and fees288—
Payments of long-term debt, finance leases and other financing liabilities(820)(783)
Other, net—(2)
Net cash used in financing activities(532)(785)
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash611190
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of the period7,42118,533
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of the period (a)$8,032$18,723
Investing and Financing Activities Not Affecting Cash:
Property and equipment acquired through the issuance of debt, finance leases and other$200$—
Right-of-use assets acquired through operating leases29568
Lease modifications and lease conversions2359
Investment interests received in exchange for goods and services2142

(a) The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to amounts reported within the consolidated balance sheet:

Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$7,634$18,468
Restricted cash — Current17341
Restricted cash — Non-Current225214
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash$8,032$18,723

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

STATEMENTS OF CONSOLIDATED STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In millions)

Additional Capital InvestedRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)Payable to ParentTotal
Balance at December 31, 2022$403$3,716$175$2,571$6,865
Net loss—(194)——(194)
Other comprehensive loss——(14)—(14)
Stock-settled share-based compensation11———11
Other———(32)(32)
Balance at March 31, 2023$414$3,522$161$2,539$6,636
Balance at December 31, 2021$317$2,977$(942)$2,646$4,998
Net loss—(1,377)——(1,377)
Other comprehensive income——5—5
Stock-settled share-based compensation38———38
Other———(71)(71)
Balance at March 31, 2022$355$1,600$(937)$2,575$3,593

The accompanying Combined Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are an integral part of these statements.

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UNITED AIRLINES HOLDINGS, INC. AND UNITED AIRLINES, INC.

COMBINED NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

United Airlines Holdings, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "UAL" or the "Company") is a holding company and its wholly-owned subsidiary is United Airlines, Inc. (together with its consolidated subsidiaries, "United"). This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is a combined report of UAL and United, including their respective consolidated financial statements. As UAL consolidates United for financial statement purposes, disclosures that relate to activities of United also apply to UAL, unless otherwise noted. United's operating revenues and operating expenses comprise nearly 100% of UAL's revenues and operating expenses. In addition, United comprises approximately the entire balance of UAL's assets, liabilities and operating cash flows. When appropriate, UAL and United are named specifically for their individual contractual obligations and related disclosures, and any significant differences between the operations and results of UAL and United are separately disclosed and explained. We sometimes use the words "we," "our," "us," and the "Company" in this report for disclosures that relate to all of UAL and United.

The UAL and United unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements shown here have been prepared as required by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"). Some information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements that comply with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted as permitted by the SEC. The financial statements include all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments, which are considered necessary for a fair presentation of the Company's financial position and results of operations for interim periods presented. The UAL and United financial statements should be read together with the information included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (the "2022 Form 10-K"). The Company's quarterly financial data is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Historically its second and third quarter financial results have reflected higher travel demand, and were better than its first and fourth quarter financial results.

NOTE 1 — REVENUE

Revenue by Geography. The table below presents the Company's operating revenue by principal geographic region (as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation) (in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Domestic (U.S. and Canada)$7,167$5,086
Atlantic (including Europe, Africa, India and Middle East destinations)1,8321,089
Latin America1,316909
Pacific1,114482
Total$11,429$7,566

Advance Ticket Sales. The Company defers amounts related to future travel in its Advance ticket sales liability account. All tickets sold at any given point in time have travel dates through the next 12 months. The Company's Advance ticket sales liability also includes credits issued to customers for future flights ("FFCs") and electronic travel certificates ("ETCs"), primarily for ticket cancellations, which can be applied towards a purchase of a new ticket. FFCs and ETCs are valid up to one year from the date of issuance; however, all credits issued on or before December 31, 2022 have been extended to December 31, 2023.

The Company estimates the value of Advance tickets sales that will expire unused ("breakage") and recognizes revenue in proportion to the usage of the related tickets. To determine breakage, the Company uses its historical experience with expired tickets and certificates and other facts, such as recent aging trends, program changes and modifications that could affect the ultimate expiration patterns. Changes in our estimates of FFCs and ETCs that may expire unused could have a material impact on revenue. Changes in estimates of breakage are recognized prospectively in proportion to the remaining usage of the related tickets.

In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized approximately $3.5 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively, of passenger revenue for tickets that were included in Advance ticket sales at the beginning of those periods.

Ancillary Fees. The Company charges fees, separately from ticket sales, for certain ancillary services that are directly related to passengers' travel, such as baggage fees, premium seat fees, inflight amenity fees and other ticket-related fees. These ancillary fees are part of the travel performance obligation and, as such, are recognized as passenger revenue when the travel occurs. The Company recorded $892 million and $661 million of ancillary fees within passenger revenue in the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Frequent Flyer Accounting. The table below presents a roll forward of Frequent flyer deferred revenue (in millions):

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Total Frequent flyer deferred revenue - beginning balance$6,675$6,282
Total miles awarded747477
Travel miles redeemed(531)(322)
Non-travel miles redeemed(31)(20)
Total Frequent flyer deferred revenue - ending balance$6,860$6,417

In the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized, in Other operating revenue, $646 million and $519 million, respectively, related to the marketing, advertising, non-travel miles redeemed (net of related costs) and other travel-related benefits of the mileage revenue associated with our various partner agreements including, but not limited to, our JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. MileagePlus co-brand agreement. The portion related to the MileagePlus miles awarded of the total amounts received from our various partner agreements is deferred and presented in the table above as an increase to the Frequent flyer deferred revenue. We determine the current portion of that account based on expected redemptions in the next 12 months.

NOTE 2 — LOSS PER SHARE

The computations of UAL's basic and diluted loss per share are set forth below (in millions, except per share amounts):

Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Loss available to common stockholders$(194)$(1,377)
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic and diluted327.4325.0
Loss per share, basic and diluted$(0.59)$(4.24)
Potentially dilutive securities (a)
Stock warrants (b)1.51.5
Employee stock awards0.70.7
(a) Weighted-average potentially dilutive securities outstanding excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because the securities would have had an antidilutive effect.
(b) Represent warrants issued to the U.S. Treasury Department ("Treasury") pursuant to the payroll support program, including extensions, and the loan program established under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. The Company issued, to Treasury, warrants to purchase up to approximately 10 million shares of UAL common stock at exercise prices ranging from $31.50 to $53.92 and expiration dates ranging from April 20, 2025 to June 10, 2026. All warrants were outstanding as of March 31, 2023.

On March 3, 2021, the Company entered into an equity distribution agreement (the "Distribution Agreement") with several financial institutions (collectively, the "Managers"), relating to the issuance and sale from time to time by UAL (the "2021 ATM Offering"), through the Managers, of up to 37 million shares of UAL common stock (the "2021 ATM Shares"). Sales of the 2021 ATM Shares under the Distribution Agreement were allowed to be made in any transactions that were deemed to be "at the market offerings" as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. During 2021, approximately 4 million shares were sold in the 2021 ATM Offering at an average price of $57.50 per share, with net proceeds to the Company totaling approximately $250 million. No shares were sold in 2022 or 2023 under the 2021 ATM Offering, which expired in March 2023.

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NOTE 3 — ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The table below presents the components of the Company's accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax ("AOCI") (in millions):

Pension and Other Postretirement LiabilitiesInvestments and OtherDeferred Taxes (a)Total
Balance at December 31, 2022$626$(35)$(416)$175
Changes in value(9)27(4)14
Amounts reclassified to earnings(35)(b)—7(28)
Balance at March 31, 2023$582$(8)$(413)$161
Balance at December 31, 2021$(847)$—$(95)$(942)
Changes in value8—(3)5
Balance at March 31, 2022$(839)$—$(98)$(937)

(a) Includes approximately $285 million of deferred income tax expense that will not be recognized in net income until the related pension and postretirement benefit obligations are fully extinguished. We consider all income sources, including other comprehensive income, in determining the amount of tax benefit allocated to results from operations.

(b) This AOCI component is included in the computation of net periodic pension and other postretirement costs, specifically the following components: amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss, amortization of prior service credit and other (see Note 5 of this report for additional information).

NOTE 4 — INCOME TAXES

The Company's effective tax rates for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022 were 24.2% and 21.4%, respectively. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 is based on the estimated annual effective tax rate, which represents a blend of federal, state and foreign taxes and includes the impact of certain nondeductible items. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2022 is calculated using a discrete effective tax rate method. We determined that applying an estimate of the annual effective tax rate to income or loss for the interim reporting period would not provide a reliable estimate for the three months ended March 31, 2022, since small changes in estimated income would have resulted in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate.

NOTE 5 — EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

The Company's net periodic benefit cost includes the following components for the three months ended March 31 (in millions):

Pension BenefitsOther Postretirement BenefitsAffected Line Item in the Statements of Consolidated Operations
2023202220232022
Service cost$31$51$1$2Salaries and related costs
Interest cost5547107Miscellaneous, net
Expected return on plan assets(63)(78)——Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of unrecognized (gain) loss230(9)(3)Miscellaneous, net
Amortization of prior service credit——(28)(28)Miscellaneous, net
Other—1——Miscellaneous, net
Total$25$51$(26)$(22)
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NOTE 6 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The table below presents disclosures about the financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis in UAL's financial statements (in millions):

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Cash and cash equivalents$7,634$7,634$—$—$7,166$7,166$—$—
Restricted cash - current173173——4545——
Restricted cash - non-current225225——210210——
Short-term investments:
U.S. government and agency notes9,061—9,061—8,914—8,914—
Asset-backed securities461—461—325—325—
Corporate debt————9—9—
Long-term investments:
Equity securities126126——189189——

Investments presented in the table above have the same fair value as their carrying value.

Restricted cash - current — Primarily includes amounts to be used for the payment of fees, principal and interest on senior secured notes and a secured term loan facility (the "MileagePlus Financing") secured by substantially all of the assets of Mileage Plus Holdings, LLC, a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of United.

Restricted cash - non-current — Primarily includes collateral associated with the MileagePlus Financing, collateral for letters of credit and collateral associated with facility leases and other insurance-related obligations.

Short-term investments — The short-term investments shown in the table above are classified as available-for-sale and have remaining maturities of approximately two years or less.

Long-term investments: Equity securities — Represents equity and equity-linked securities (such as vested warrants) that make up United's investments in Azul Linhas Aéreas Brasileiras S.A., Archer Aviation Inc., Eve Holding, Inc., Mesa Air Group, Inc. and Clear Secure, Inc.

Other fair value information. The table below presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of financial instruments not presented in the tables above (in millions). Carrying amounts include any related discounts, premiums and issuance costs:

March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Carrying AmountFair ValueCarrying AmountFair Value
TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Long-term debt$30,666$29,429$—$23,812$5,617$31,194$29,371$—$23,990$5,381

Fair value of the financial instruments included in the tables above was determined as follows:

DescriptionFair Value Methodology
Cash and cash equivalents and Restricted cash (current and non-current)The carrying amounts of these assets approximate fair value.
Short-term and Long-term investmentsFair value is based on (a) the trading prices of the investment or similar instruments or (b) broker quotes obtained by third-party valuation services.
Long-term debtFair values were based on either market prices or the discounted amount of future cash flows using our current incremental rate of borrowing for similar liabilities or assets.

Equity Method Investments. As of March 31, 2023, United holds the following investments, accounted for using the equity method, with a combined carrying value of approximately $208 million:

  • CommuteAir LLC. United owns a 40% minority ownership stake in CommuteAir LLC. CommuteAir currently operates 61 regional aircraft under a capacity purchase agreement ("CPA") that has a term through 2026.
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  • Republic Airways Holdings Inc. United holds a 19% minority interest in Republic Holdings Inc., which is the parent company of Republic Airways Inc. ("Republic"). Republic currently operates 66 regional aircraft under CPAs that have terms through 2036.

  • United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund (the "Fund"). During the first quarter of 2023, United launched, through its corporate venture capital arm, United Airlines Ventures ("UAV"), an investment vehicle designed to support start-ups focused on decarbonizing air travel by accelerating the research, production and technologies associated with sustainable aviation fuel ("SAF"). The Fund started with more than $100 million in commitments from United and other corporate investors, collectively, as limited partners. UAV transferred certain of its existing SAF investments to the Fund's portfolio. As of March 31, 2023, the Company indirectly holds a 49.99% ownership interest in the Fund.

  • Blue Blade Energy, LLC ("Blue Blade"). UAV holds a 20% minority interest in Blue Blade, a joint venture with Tallgrass Energy Partners, LP, and Green Plains Inc. to develop and then commercialize a novel SAF technology that uses ethanol as its feedstock.

Other Investments. As of March 31, 2023, United has equity investments in Avianca Group International Limited, a multinational airline holding company, JetSuiteX, Inc., an independent air carrier doing business as JSX as well as a number of companies with emerging technologies and sustainable solutions. None of these investments have readily determinable fair values. We account for these investments at cost less impairment, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. As of March 31, 2023, the carrying value of these investments was $413 million.

NOTE 7 — COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments. As of March 31, 2023, United had firm commitments and options to purchase aircraft from The Boeing Company ("Boeing") and Airbus S.A.S. ("Airbus") as presented in the table below:

Scheduled Aircraft Deliveries
Aircraft TypeNumber of Firm Commitments (a)Last Nine Months of 20232024After 2024
787100—892
737 MAX41211488210
A321neo70123127
A321XLR50——50
A35045——45
(a) United also has options and purchase rights for additional aircraft.

The aircraft listed in the table above are scheduled for delivery through 2033. The amount and timing of the Company's future capital commitments could change to the extent that: (i) the Company and the aircraft manufacturers, with whom the Company has existing orders for new aircraft, agree to modify the contracts governing those orders; (ii) rights are exercised pursuant to the relevant agreements to modify the timing of deliveries; or (iii) the aircraft manufacturers are unable to deliver in accordance with the terms of those orders. Airbus notified United that eight Airbus A321neo aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2023, as shown in the table above, are now expected to deliver in 2024 and ten Airbus A321neo aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2024, as shown in the table above, are now expected to deliver in 2025. Boeing notified United that 37 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2023, as shown in the table above, are now expected to deliver in 2024. Also, United estimates that an additional eleven Boeing 737 MAX aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2023, as shown in the table above, will deliver in 2024 and 30 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft scheduled for delivery in 2024, as shown in table above, will deliver in 2025. Furthermore, Boeing recently notified United that due to a manufacturing process issue relating to certain Boeing 737 MAX fuselages, six Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft scheduled for delivery in the second quarter of 2023, as shown in the table above, will be delayed. Boeing may inform United that additional Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft scheduled for delivery in the third quarter of 2023 may be delayed and/or that certain Boeing 737 MAX aircraft currently expected to be delivered in 2023 may deliver in 2024. However, at this time, we do not expect these delays to be extensive or to have a significant impact on our capacity plan for 2023.

During the first quarter of 2023, United entered into agreements with third parties to finance through sale and leaseback transactions new Boeing model 737 MAX aircraft subject to purchase agreements between United and Boeing. For certain aircraft, United assigned its right to purchase such aircraft to the buyer, and simultaneous with the buyer's purchase from Boeing, United entered into a long-term lease for such aircraft with the buyer as lessor. Upon delivery of the aircraft in these sale and leaseback transactions, the Company accounted for these aircraft as part of Flight equipment on the Company's

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consolidated balance sheet and the related obligation recorded in Current maturities of other financial liabilities and Other financial liabilities since they did not qualify for sale recognition (failed sale and leaseback).

The table below summarizes United's commitments as of March 31, 2023, which include aircraft and related spare engines, aircraft improvements and non-aircraft capital commitments. Aircraft commitments are based on contractual scheduled aircraft deliveries without any adjustments for the delays communicated by Boeing and Airbus or estimated by United.

(in billions)
Last nine months of 2023$8.3
20248.1
20258.3
20265.9
20274.7
After 202716.8
$52.1

Regional CPAs. In the first quarter of 2023, United amended its CPA agreements with one of its regional carriers to increase the contractually agreed fees (carrier costs) paid to that carrier. The Company expects to wind down its CPA with Air Wisconsin and terminate operations by early June 2023. Our future commitments under our CPAs are dependent on numerous variables, and are, therefore, difficult to predict. The most important of these variables is the number of scheduled block hours. Although we are not required to purchase a minimum number of block hours under certain of our CPAs, we have set forth below estimates of our future payments under the CPAs based on our assumptions. The actual amounts we pay to our regional operators under CPAs could differ materially from these estimates. United's estimates of its future payments under all of the CPAs do not include the portion of the underlying obligation for any aircraft leased to a regional carrier or deemed to be leased from other regional carriers and facility rent that are disclosed as part of operating leases above. For purposes of calculating these estimates, we have assumed (1) the number of block hours flown is based on our anticipated level of flight activity or at any contractual minimum utilization levels if applicable, whichever is higher, (2) that we will reduce the fleet as rapidly as contractually allowed under each CPA, (3) that aircraft utilization, stage length and load factors will remain constant, (4) that each carrier's operational performance will remain at recent historic levels and (5) an annual projected inflation rate. Based on these assumptions as of March 31, 2023, our estimated future payments through the end of the terms of our CPAs are presented in the table below:

(in billions)
Last nine months of 2023$1.7
20242.1
20251.8
20261.6
20271.1
After 20273.9
$12.2

Guarantees. As of March 31, 2023, United is the guarantor of approximately $2.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of tax-exempt special facilities revenue bonds and interest thereon. These bonds, issued by various airport municipalities, are payable solely from rentals paid under long-term agreements with the respective governing bodies. The leasing arrangements associated with these obligations are accounted for as operating leases recognized on the Company's consolidated balance sheet with the associated expense recorded on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term. All of these bonds are due between 2023 and 2041.

As of March 31, 2023, United is the guarantor of $88 million of aircraft mortgage debt issued by one of United's regional carriers. The aircraft mortgage debt is subject to similar increased cost provisions as described below for the Company's debt, and the Company would potentially be responsible for those costs under the guarantees.

Increased Cost Provisions. In United's financing transactions that include loans in which United is the borrower, United typically agrees to reimburse lenders for any reduced returns with respect to the loans due to any change in capital requirements and, in the case of loans with respect to which the interest rate is based on the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR), for certain other increased costs that the lenders incur in carrying these loans as a

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result of any change in law, subject, in most cases, to obligations of the lenders to take certain limited steps to mitigate the requirement for, or the amount of, such increased costs. At March 31, 2023, the Company had $12.9 billion of floating rate debt with remaining terms of up to approximately 12 years that are subject to these increased cost provisions. In several financing transactions involving loans or leases from non-U.S. entities, with remaining terms of up to approximately 12 years and an aggregate balance of $9.7 billion, the Company bears the risk of any change in tax laws that would subject loan or lease payments thereunder to non-U.S. entities to withholding taxes, subject to customary exclusions.

Labor**.** As of March 31, 2023, the Company had approximately 96,300 employees, of whom approximately 84% were represented by various U.S. labor organizations.

In January 2023, United and the International Brotherhood of Teamsters ratified an extension to its labor contract covering the Company's more than 8,000 technicians and related employees. The agreement becomes amendable in December 2024 and includes a one-year early opener that allows for bargaining on a successor agreement to begin in December 2023.

In April 2023, the Company and the International Association of Machinists & Aerospace Workers ("IAM") reached a tentative agreement covering nearly 30,000 IAM-represented employees in several workgroups. The agreements, once ratified, will cover IAM-represented employees across our operations and be effective through 2025.

The Company has been in negotiations with its employees represented by the Air Line Pilots Association ("ALPA") regarding a contract that became amendable in January 2019. Given the recent ratification of a new agreement by the pilot group of another major airline, the Company has determined that it is appropriate to accrue expense in the first quarter 2023 related to a potential new collective bargaining agreement with employees represented by ALPA.

NOTE 8 — DEBT

As of March 31, 2023, we had $1.75 billion undrawn and available under our revolving credit facility.

Our debt agreements contain customary terms and conditions as well as various affirmative, negative and financial covenants that, among other things, restrict the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness and pay dividends or repurchase stock. As of March 31, 2023, UAL and United were in compliance with their respective debt covenants.

The table below presents the Company's contractual principal payments (not including $356 million of unamortized debt discount, premiums and debt issuance costs) at March 31, 2023 under then-outstanding long-term debt agreements (in millions):

Last nine months of 2023$2,167
20243,950
20253,405
20265,198
20272,419
After 202713,883
$31,022

NOTE 9 — SPECIAL CHARGES (CREDITS)

For the three months ended March 31, operating and nonoperating special charges (credits) and unrealized (gains) losses on investments in the statements of consolidated operations consisted of the following (in millions):

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Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges$14$(8)
Total operating special charges (credits)14(8)
Nonoperating unrealized gains on investments, net(24)—
Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees—7
Total nonoperating special charges and unrealized gains on investments, net(24)7
Total operating and nonoperating special charges (credits) and unrealized gains on investments, net(10)(1)
Income tax benefit, net of valuation allowance(3)—
Total operating and nonoperating special charges (credits) and unrealized gains on investments, net of income taxes$(13)$(1)

2023

(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded $14 million of net charges primarily comprised of accelerated depreciation related to certain of the Company's assets that will be retired early and other gains and losses on the sale of assets.

Nonoperating unrealized (gains) losses on investments, net. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company recorded gains of $24 million primarily for the change in the market value of its investments in equity securities.

2022

(Gains) losses on sale of assets and other special charges. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded net gains of $8 million primarily related to sale-leaseback transactions and the sale of aircraft.

Nonoperating debt extinguishment and modification fees. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recorded $7 million of charges primarily related to the early redemption of $400 million of its outstanding principal amount of the 4.25% senior notes due 2022.

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