Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

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Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

VISA

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(UNAUDITED)


	March 31, 2024		September 30, 2023
	(in millions, except per share data)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,993	$	16,286
Restricted cash equivalents—U.S. litigation escrow	1,584		1,764
Investment securities	4,710		3,842


Settlement receivable	3,558		2,183
Accounts receivable	2,272		2,291
Customer collateral	3,367		3,005
Current portion of client incentives	1,740		1,577
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	2,551		2,584
Total current assets	32,775		33,532
Investment securities	3,092		1,921
Client incentives	3,998		3,789
Property, equipment and technology, net	3,630		3,425
Goodwill	18,837		17,997
Intangible assets, net	26,375		26,104
Other assets	3,692		3,731
Total assets	$	92,399	$	90,499
Liabilities
Accounts payable	$	338	$	375
Settlement payable	4,485		3,269
Customer collateral	3,367		3,005
Accrued compensation and benefits	1,065		1,506
Client incentives	7,949		8,177
Accrued liabilities	4,386		5,015


Accrued litigation	1,853		1,751
Total current liabilities	23,443		23,098
Long-term debt	20,603		20,463
Deferred tax liabilities	5,145		5,114
Other liabilities	2,723		3,091
Total liabilities	51,914		51,766
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 5 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023	1,602		1,698

Common stock, $0.0001 par value:
Class A common stock, 1,574 and 1,594 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively	—		—
Class B-1 common stock, 245 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023	—		—
Class C common stock, 9 and 10 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, respectively	—		—



Right to recover for covered losses	(175)		(140)
Additional paid-in capital	20,709		20,452
Accumulated income	19,347		18,040
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
Investment securities	(25)		(64)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans	(145)		(155)
Derivative instruments	(162)		(177)
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(666)		(921)
Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(998)		(1,317)
Total equity	40,485		38,733
Total liabilities and equity	$	92,399	$	90,499

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(UNAUDITED**)**


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions, except per share data)






Net revenue	$	8,775	$	7,985	$	17,409	$	15,921

Operating Expenses
Personnel	1,603		1,515		3,082		2,852
Marketing	338		309		631		641
Network and processing	189		179		370		357
Professional fees	160		130		291		239
Depreciation and amortization	249		234		496		461
General and administrative	452		282		792		604
Litigation provision	430		—		439		341

Total operating expenses	3,421		2,649		6,101		5,495
Operating income	5,354		5,336		11,308		10,426

Non-operating Income (Expense)
Interest expense	(82)		(142)		(269)		(279)
Investment income (expense) and other	241		84		516		108
Total non-operating income (expense)	159		(58)		247		(171)
Income before income taxes	5,513		5,278		11,555		10,255
Income tax provision	850		1,021		2,002		1,819
Net income	$	4,663	$	4,257	$	9,553	$	8,436

Basic Earnings Per Share
Class A common stock	$	2.29	$	2.04	$	4.68	$	4.03
Class B-1 common stock	$	3.63	$	3.26	$	7.44	$	6.45
Class C common stock	$	9.16	$	8.15	$	18.73	$	16.10

Basic Weighted-average Shares Outstanding
Class A common stock	1,579		1,624		1,582		1,627
Class B-1 common stock	245		245		245		245
Class C common stock	9		10		9		10

Diluted Earnings Per Share
Class A common stock	$	2.29	$	2.03	$	4.68	$	4.02
Class B-1 common stock	$	3.63	$	3.25	$	7.43	$	6.44
Class C common stock	$	9.15	$	8.14	$	18.71	$	16.09

Diluted Weighted-average Shares Outstanding
Class A common stock	2,039		2,093		2,042		2,098
Class B-1 common stock	245		245		245		245
Class C common stock	9		10		9		10

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Net income	$	4,663	$	4,257	$	9,553	$	8,436
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Investment securities:
Net unrealized gain (loss)	(8)		36		50		51
Income tax effect	1		(8)		(11)		(11)


Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans:
Net unrealized actuarial gain (loss) and prior service credit (cost)	8		3		8		5
Income tax effect	(2)		—		(2)		(1)
Reclassification adjustments	3		3		6		4
Income tax effect	(1)		—		(2)		—
Derivative instruments:
Net unrealized gain (loss)	58		(75)		(19)		(191)
Income tax effect	(7)		17		9		31
Reclassification adjustments	(6)		6		33		(1)
Income tax effect	1		(3)		(8)		(7)
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Translation adjustments	(357)		290		231		1,499
Income tax effect	(33)		—		24		—
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(343)		269		319		1,379
Comprehensive income	$	4,320	$	4,526	$	9,872	$	9,815

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital				Right to Recover for Covered Losses		Accumulated Income		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
	(in millions, except per share data)
Balance as of December 31, 2023	5		$	1,615	1,836		$	20,490	$	(139)	$	18,422	$	(655)	$	39,733
Net income											4,663				4,663
Other comprehensive income (loss)													(343)		(343)
VE territory covered losses incurred									(36)						(36)


Conversion to class A common stock	—	(1)	(13)		1		13								—
Share-based compensation							242								242
Stock issued under equity plans					1		79								79
Restricted stock and performance-based shares settled in cash for taxes					—	(1)	(9)								(9)
Cash dividends declared and paid, at a quarterly amount of $0.52 per class A common stock											(1,060)				(1,060)
Repurchase of class A common stock					(10)		(106)				(2,678)				(2,784)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	5		$	1,602	1,828		$	20,709	$	(175)	$	19,347	$	(998)	$	40,485

(1)Increase or decrease is less than one million shares.

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Preferred Stock					Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital			Right to Recover for Covered Losses		Accumulated Income		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Equity
	Shares		Amount			Shares	Amount
	(in millions, except per share data)
Balance as of September 30, 2023	5		$	1,698	(1)	1,849	$	20,452	$	(140)	$	18,040	$	(1,317)	$	38,733
Net income											9,553				9,553
Other comprehensive income (loss)													319		319
VE territory covered losses incurred									(60)						(60)
Recovery through conversion rate adjustment			(25)						25						—

Conversion to class A common stock	—	(2)	(71)			2	71								—
Share-based compensation							451								451
Stock issued under equity plans						3	183								183
Restricted stock and performance-based shares settled in cash for taxes						(1)	(181)								(181)
Cash dividends declared and paid, at a quarterly amount of $0.52 per class A common stock											(2,120)				(2,120)
Repurchase of class A common stock						(25)	(267)				(6,126)				(6,393)
Balance as of March 31, 2024	5		$	1,602	(1)	1,828	$	20,709	$	(175)	$	19,347	$	(998)	$	40,485

(1)As of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the book value of series A preferred stock was $385 million and $456 million, respectively. Refer to Note 5—U.S. and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans for the book value of series B and series C preferred stock.

(2)Increase or decrease is less than one million shares.

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)



	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Preferred Stock				Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital				Right to Recover for Covered Losses		Accumulated Income		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Equity
	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount
	(in millions, except per share data)
Balance as of December 31, 2022	5		$	1,981	1,881		$	19,827	$	(28)	$	16,403	$	(1,259)	$	36,924
Net income											4,257				4,257
Other comprehensive income (loss)													269		269
VE territory covered losses incurred									(7)						(7)


Conversion to class A common stock	—	(1)	(96)		2		96								—
Share-based compensation							223								223
Stock issued under equity plans					1		62								62
Restricted stock and performance-based shares settled in cash for taxes					—	(1)	(6)								(6)
Cash dividends declared and paid, at a quarterly amount of $0.45 per class A common stock											(941)				(941)
Repurchase of class A common stock					(10)		(107)				(2,109)				(2,216)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	5		$	1,885	1,874		$	20,095	$	(35)	$	17,610	$	(990)	$	38,565

(1)Increase or decrease is less than one million shares.

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY—(Continued)

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Preferred Stock					Common Stock and Additional Paid-in Capital				Right to Recover for Covered Losses		Accumulated Income		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Total Equity
	Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount
	(in millions, except per share data)
Balance as of September 30, 2022	5		$	2,324	(1)	1,890		$	19,545	$	(35)	$	16,116	$	(2,369)	$	35,581
Net income												8,436				8,436
Other comprehensive income (loss)														1,379		1,379

VE territory covered losses incurred										(15)						(15)
Recovery through conversion rate adjustment			(14)							15						1

Conversion to class A common stock	—	(2)	(425)			7		425								—
Share-based compensation								400								400
Stock issued under equity plans						3		118								118
Restricted stock and performance-based shares settled in cash for taxes						—	(2)	(118)								(118)
Cash dividends declared and paid, at a quarterly amount of $0.45 per class A common stock												(1,886)				(1,886)
Repurchase of class A common stock						(26)		(275)				(5,056)				(5,331)
Balance as of March 31, 2023	5		$	1,885	(1)	1,874		$	20,095	$	(35)	$	17,610	$	(990)	$	38,565

(1)As of March 31, 2023 and September 30, 2022, the book value of series A preferred stock was $627 million and $1.0 billion, respectively. Refer to Note 5—U.S. and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans for the book value of series B and series C preferred stock.

(2)Increase or decrease is less than one million shares.

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions)
Operating Activities
Net income	$	9,553	$	8,436
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Client incentives	6,605		5,691
Share-based compensation	451		400
Depreciation and amortization	496		461
Deferred income taxes	(68)		(154)
VE territory covered losses incurred	(60)		(15)
(Gains) losses on equity investments, net	26		196
Other	58		(22)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Settlement receivable	(1,335)		147
Accounts receivable	34		(67)
Client incentives	(7,088)		(5,521)
Other assets	(258)		(77)
Accounts payable	(25)		(48)
Settlement payable	1,143		(493)
Accrued and other liabilities	(1,479)		(1,047)
Accrued litigation	99		144
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	8,152		8,031
Investing Activities
Purchases of property, equipment and technology	(548)		(459)
Investment securities:
Purchases	(3,686)		(2,487)
Proceeds from maturities and sales	2,145		1,760
Acquisitions, net of cash and restricted cash acquired	(915)		—
Purchases of other investments	(14)		(70)
Settlement of derivative instruments	—		402
Other investing activities	(47)		19
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(3,065)		(835)
Financing Activities
Repurchase of class A common stock	(6,338)		(5,309)
Repayments of debt	—		(2,250)
Dividends paid	(2,120)		(1,886)


Cash proceeds from issuance of class A common stock under equity plans	183		118
Restricted stock and performance-based shares settled in cash for taxes	(181)		(118)
Other financing activities	203		172
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(8,253)		(9,273)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	124		828
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	(3,042)		(1,249)
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at beginning of period	21,990		20,377
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents at end of period	$	18,948	$	19,128
Supplemental Disclosure
Cash paid for income taxes, net	$	3,658	$	2,635
Interest payments on debt	$	261	$	293
Accruals related to purchases of property, equipment and technology	$	99	$	148

See accompanying notes, which are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

VISA

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

Note 1—Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization. Visa Inc., together with its subsidiaries (Visa or the Company), is a global payments technology company that facilitates global commerce and money movement across more than 200 countries and territories. Visa operates one of the world’s largest electronic payments networks — VisaNet — which provides transaction processing services (primarily authorization, clearing and settlement). The Company offers products, solutions and services that facilitate secure, reliable and efficient money movement for participants in the ecosystem. Visa is not a financial institution and does not issue cards, extend credit or set rates and fees for account holders of Visa products. In most cases, account holder and merchant relationships belong to, and are managed by, Visa’s financial institution clients.

Consolidation and basis of presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Visa and its consolidated entities and are presented in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP). The Company consolidates its majority-owned and controlled entities, including variable interest entities (VIEs) for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company’s investments in VIEs have not been material to its unaudited consolidated financial statements as of and for the periods presented. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements are presented in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requirements for Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and, consequently, do not include all of the annual disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Reference should be made to Visa’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2023 for additional disclosures, including a summary of the Company’s significant accounting policies.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the unaudited consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. These estimates may change as new events occur and additional information is obtained, and will be recognized in the period in which such changes occur. Future actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Note 2—Acquisitions

On January 16, 2024, Visa acquired Pismo Holdings, a global cloud-native issuer processing and core banking platform, for a purchase consideration of $929 million. The Company allocated $139 million of the purchase consideration to technology, customer relationships, other net assets acquired and deferred tax liabilities and the remaining $790 million to goodwill.

Note 3—Revenue

The nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of the Company’s revenue and cash flows and how they are affected by economic factors are most appropriately depicted through the Company’s revenue categories and geographical markets. The following tables disaggregate the Company’s net revenue by revenue category and by geography:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Service revenue	$	4,033	$	3,771	$	7,948	$	7,282
Data processing revenue	4,259		3,819		8,615		7,646
International transaction revenue	2,984		2,749		6,003		5,546
Other revenue	756		551		1,448		1,138
Client incentives	(3,257)		(2,905)		(6,605)		(5,691)
Net revenue	$	8,775	$	7,985	$	17,409	$	15,921


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
U.S.	$	3,643	$	3,540	$	7,288	$	7,107
International	5,132		4,445		10,121		8,814
Net revenue	$	8,775	$	7,985	$	17,409	$	15,921

Remaining performance obligations are comprised of deferred revenue and contract revenue that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods primarily related to value added services. As of March 31, 2024, the remaining performance obligations were $3.4 billion. The Company expects approximately half to be recognized as revenue in the next two years and the remaining thereafter. However, the amount and timing of revenue recognition is affected by several factors, including contract modifications and terminations, which could impact the estimate of amounts allocated to remaining performance obligations and when such revenue could be recognized.

Note 4—Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents

The Company reconciles cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents reported on the consolidated balance sheets that aggregate to the beginning and ending balances shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows as follows:



	March 31, 2024		September 30, 2023
	(in millions)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	12,993	$	16,286
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents:
U.S. litigation escrow	1,584		1,764
Customer collateral	3,367		3,005
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	1,004		935
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents	$	18,948	$	21,990

Note 5—U.S. and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans

U.S. Retrospective Responsibility Plan

Under the terms of the U.S. retrospective responsibility plan, the Company maintains an escrow account from which settlements of, or judgments in, certain litigation (U.S. covered litigation) are paid. The accrual related to the U.S. covered litigation could be either higher or lower than the U.S. litigation escrow account balance. See Note 13—Legal Matters.

The following table presents the changes in the restricted cash equivalents—U.S. litigation escrow account:


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	1,764	$	1,449
Deposits into the U.S. litigation escrow account	—		350

Payments to opt-out merchants(1), net of interest earned on escrow funds	(180)		(183)
Balance as of end of period	$	1,584	$	1,616

(1)These payments are associated with the interchange multidistrict litigation. See Note 13—Legal Matters.

Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plan

Visa Inc., Visa International and Visa Europe are parties to certain existing and potential litigation relating to the setting of multilateral interchange fee rates in the Visa Europe territory (VE territory covered litigation). Under the terms of the Europe retrospective responsibility plan, the Company is entitled to recover certain losses resulting from VE territory covered litigation (VE territory covered losses) through a periodic adjustment to the class A common stock conversion rates applicable to the series B and C preferred stock. VE territory covered losses are recorded in right to recover for covered losses, a contra-equity account within stockholders’ equity, before the corresponding adjustment to the applicable conversion rate is effected. Adjustments to the conversion rate may be executed once in any six-month period unless a single, individual loss greater than €20 million is incurred, in which case, the six-month limitation does not apply. When the adjustment to the conversion rate is made, the amount previously recorded in right to recover for covered losses is then recorded against the book value of the preferred stock within stockholders’ equity.

The following table presents the activities related to VE territory covered losses in preferred stock and right to recover for covered losses within stockholders’ equity:


	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Preferred Stock				Right to Recover for Covered Losses
	Series B		Series C
	(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	441	$	801	$	(140)
VE territory covered losses incurred(1)	—		—		(60)
Recovery through conversion rate adjustment	(22)		(3)		25
Balance as of end of period	$	419	$	798	$	(175)


	Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Preferred Stock				Right to Recover for Covered Losses
	Series B		Series C
	(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	460	$	812	$	(35)
VE territory covered losses incurred(1)	—		—		(15)
Recovery through conversion rate adjustment(2)	(7)		(7)		15
Balance as of end of period	$	453	$	805	$	(35)

(1)VE territory covered losses incurred reflect settlements with merchants and additional legal costs. See Note 13—Legal Matters.

(2)Adjustment to right to recover for covered losses for the conversion rate adjustment differs from the actual recovered amount due to differences in foreign exchange rates between the time the losses were incurred and the subsequent recovery through the conversion rate adjustment.

The following table presents the as-converted value of the preferred stock available to recover VE territory covered losses compared to the book value of preferred stock recorded within the Company’s consolidated balance sheets:


	March 31, 2024				September 30, 2023
	As-converted Value of Preferred Stock(1),(2)		Book Value of Preferred Stock(1)		As-converted Value of Preferred Stock(1),(3)		Book Value of Preferred Stock(1)
	(in millions)
Series B preferred stock	$	2,010	$	419	$	1,676	$	441
Series C preferred stock	3,194		798		2,635		801
Total	5,204		1,217		4,311		1,242
Less: right to recover for covered losses	(175)		(175)		(140)		(140)
Total recovery for covered losses available	$	5,029	$	1,042	$	4,171	$	1,102

(1)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. As-converted and book values are based on unrounded numbers.

(2)As of March 31, 2024, the as-converted value of preferred stock is calculated as the product of: (a) 2 million and 3 million shares of the series B and C preferred stock outstanding, respectively; (b) 2.903 and 3.625, the class A common stock conversion rate applicable to the series B and C preferred stock outstanding, respectively; and (c) $279.08, Visa’s class A common stock closing stock price.

(3)As of September 30, 2023, the as-converted value of preferred stock is calculated as the product of: (a) 2 million and 3 million shares of the series B and C preferred stock outstanding, respectively; (b) 2.937 and 3.629, the class A common stock conversion rate applicable to the series B and C preferred stock outstanding, respectively; and (c) $230.01, Visa’s class A common stock closing stock price.

Note 6—Fair Value Measurements and Investments

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis


	Fair Value Measurements Using Inputs Considered as
	Level 1				Level 2
	March 31, 2024		September 30, 2023		March 31, 2024		September 30, 2023
	(in millions)
Assets
Cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	9,050	$	13,504	$	—	$	—

U.S. Treasury securities	834		301		—		—
Investment securities:
Marketable equity securities	374		339		—		—
U.S. government-sponsored debt securities	—		—		1,510		1,108
U.S. Treasury securities	5,918		4,316		—		—
Other current and non-current assets:
Money market funds	29		23		—		—
Derivative instruments	—		—		210		293
Total	$	16,205	$	18,483	$	1,720	$	1,401
Liabilities
Accrued compensation and benefits:
Deferred compensation liability	$	223	$	175	$	—	$	—
Accrued and other liabilities:
Derivative instruments	—		—		278		396
Total	$	223	$	175	$	278	$	396

Level 1 assets and liabilities. Money market funds, U.S. Treasury securities and marketable equity securities are classified as Level 1 within the fair value hierarchy, as fair value is based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. The Company’s deferred compensation liability is measured at fair value based on marketable equity securities held under the deferred compensation plan.

Level 2 assets and liabilities. The fair value of U.S. government-sponsored debt securities, as provided by third-party pricing vendors, is based on quoted prices in active markets for similar, not identical, assets. Derivative instruments are valued using inputs that are observable in the market or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data.

U.S. Government-sponsored Debt Securities and U.S. Treasury Securities

The amortized cost, unrealized gains and losses and fair value of debt securities were as follows:


	March 31, 2024
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
	Gains		Losses
	(in millions)
U.S. government-sponsored debt securities	$	1,511	$	—	$	(1)	$	1,510
U.S. Treasury securities	6,782		4		(34)		6,752
Total	$	8,293	$	4	$	(35)	$	8,262


	September 30, 2023
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
	Gains		Losses
	(in millions)
U.S. government-sponsored debt securities	$	1,109	$	1	$	(2)	$	1,108
U.S. Treasury securities	4,697		—		(80)		4,617
Total	$	5,806	$	1	$	(82)	$	5,725

Debt securities with unrealized losses for less than 12 months and 12 months or greater were as follows:


	March 31, 2024
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(in millions)
U.S. government-sponsored debt securities	$	1,282	$	(1)	$	—	$	—
U.S. Treasury securities	2,789		(6)		1,870		(28)
Total	$	4,071	$	(7)	$	1,870	$	(28)


	September 30, 2023
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or Greater
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
	(in millions)
U.S. government-sponsored debt securities	$	412	$	(2)	$	50	$	—
U.S. Treasury securities	1,360		(12)		2,128		(68)
Total	$	1,772	$	(14)	$	2,178	$	(68)

The unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates.

The stated maturities of debt securities were as follows:


	March 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Due within one year	$	5,170
Due after one year through five years	3,092
Total	$	8,262

Equity Securities

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized net unrealized losses of $23 million and $82 million, respectively, on marketable and non-marketable equity securities held as of period end. For the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized net unrealized gains of $13 million and net unrealized losses of $184 million, respectively, on marketable and non-marketable equity securities held as of period end.

Fair value measurement alternative. The Company’s investments in privately held companies do not have readily determinable fair values. These investments are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis and are classified as Level 3 due to the absence of quoted market prices, the inherent lack of liquidity and the fact that significant inputs used to measure fair value are unobservable and require management’s judgment.

The following table summarizes the Company’s non-marketable equity securities held as of period end that were accounted for using the fair value measurement alternative:


	March 31, 2024
	(in millions)
Initial cost basis	$	710
Adjustments:
Upward adjustments	909
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(445)
Carrying amount	$	1,174

Unrealized gains and losses of the Company’s non-marketable equity securities held as of period end that were accounted for using the fair value measurement alternative were as follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions)
Upward adjustments	$	—	$	2	$	9	$	19
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	$	(15)	$	(89)	$	(15)	$	(89)

Other Fair Value Disclosures

Debt. Debt instruments are measured at amortized cost on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the debt instruments, as provided by third-party pricing vendors, is based on quoted prices in active markets for similar, not identical, assets. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these instruments would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. As of March 31, 2024, the carrying value and estimated fair value of debt was $20.6 billion and $18.6 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2023, the carrying value and estimated fair value of debt was $20.5 billion and $17.7 billion, respectively.

Other financial instruments not measured at fair value. As of March 31, 2024, the carrying values of settlement receivable and payable and customer collateral are an approximate fair value due to their generally short maturities. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy.

Non-financial assets. Certain non-financial assets such as goodwill, intangible assets and property, equipment and technology are subject to non-recurring fair value measurements if they are deemed to be impaired. The Company performed an annual impairment review of its indefinite-lived intangible assets and goodwill as of February 1, 2024, and concluded there was no impairment as of that date. No recent events or changes in circumstances indicated that impairment existed as of March 31, 2024.

Note 7—Debt

The Company had outstanding debt as follows:


	March 31, 2024		September 30, 2023		Effective Interest Rate(1)
	(in millions, except percentages)
U.S. dollar notes
3.15% Senior Notes due December 2025	$	4,000	$	4,000	3.26	%
1.90% Senior Notes due April 2027	1,500		1,500		2.02	%
0.75% Senior Notes due August 2027	500		500		0.84	%
2.75% Senior Notes due September 2027	750		750		2.91	%
2.05% Senior Notes due April 2030	1,500		1,500		2.13	%
1.10% Senior Notes due February 2031	1,000		1,000		1.20	%
4.15% Senior Notes due December 2035	1,500		1,500		4.23	%
2.70% Senior Notes due April 2040	1,000		1,000		2.80	%
4.30% Senior Notes due December 2045	3,500		3,500		4.37	%
3.65% Senior Notes due September 2047	750		750		3.73	%
2.00% Senior Notes due August 2050	1,750		1,750		2.09	%
Euro notes
1.50% Senior Notes due June 2026	1,459		1,434		1.71	%
2.00% Senior Notes due June 2029	1,081		1,062		2.13	%
2.375% Senior Notes due June 2034	702		690		2.53	%
Total debt	20,992		20,936
Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs	(151)		(159)
Hedge accounting fair value adjustments(2)	(238)		(314)
Total carrying value of debt	$	20,603	$	20,463

Reported as:
Current maturities of debt	$	—	$	—
Long-term debt	20,603		20,463
Total carrying value of debt	$	20,603	$	20,463

(1)Effective interest rates disclosed do not reflect hedge accounting adjustments.

(2)Represents the fair value of interest rate swap agreements entered into on a portion of the outstanding senior notes.

Note 8—Settlement Guarantee Management

The Company indemnifies its clients for settlement losses suffered due to failure of any other client to fund its settlement obligations in accordance with the Visa operating rules. This indemnification creates settlement risk for the Company due to the difference in timing between the date of a payment transaction and the date of subsequent settlement. The Company maintains and regularly reviews global settlement risk policies and procedures to manage settlement risk, which may require clients to post collateral if certain credit standards are not met. Historically, the Company has experienced minimal losses as a result of its settlement risk guarantee. However, the Company’s future obligations, which could be material under its guarantees, are not determinable as they are dependent upon future events.

The Company’s settlement exposure is limited to the amount of unsettled Visa payment transactions at any point in time, which vary significantly day to day. During the six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s maximum daily settlement exposure was $133.7 billion and the average daily settlement exposure was $82.3 billion. To mitigate the risk of settlement exposure, the Company holds various forms of collateral including restricted cash, letters of credit, guarantees, beneficial rights to trust assets and pledged securities. As of March 31, 2024, the Company had total collateral of $7.2 billion.

Note 9—Stockholders’ Equity

As-converted class A common stock. The number of shares of each series and class, and the number of shares of class A common stock on an as-converted basis were as follows:


	March 31, 2024					September 30, 2023
	Shares Outstanding		Conversion Rate Into Class A Common Stock		As-converted Class A Common Stock(1)	Shares Outstanding		Conversion Rate Into Class A Common Stock		As-converted Class A Common Stock(1)
	(in millions, except conversion rate)
Series A preferred stock	—	(2)	100.0000		6	—	(2)	100.0000		7
Series B preferred stock	2		2.9030		7	2		2.9370		7
Series C preferred stock	3		3.6250		11	3		3.6290		11
Class A common stock	1,574		—		1,574	1,594		—		1,594
Class B-1 common stock	245		1.5875	(3)	390	245		1.5875	(3)	390
Class C common stock	9		4.0000		37	10		4.0000		38
Total					2,025					2,047

(1)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. As-converted class A common stock is calculated based on unrounded numbers.

(2)The number of shares outstanding was less than one million.

(3)The class B-1 to class A common stock conversion rate is presented on a rounded basis. Conversion calculations for dividend payments are based on a conversion rate rounded to the tenth decimal.

Reduction in as-converted shares. The following table presents the reduction in the number of as-converted class B-1 common stock after deposits into the U.S. litigation escrow account under the U.S. retrospective responsibility plan:


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions, except per share data)
Reduction in equivalent number of class A common stock	—		2
Effective price per share(1)	$	—	$	209.14
Deposits into the U.S. litigation escrow account	$	—	$	350

(1)Effective price per share for each adjustment is calculated using the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s class A common stock over a pricing period in accordance with the Company’s current certificate of incorporation.

The following table presents the reduction in the number of as-converted series B and C preferred stock after the Company recovered VE territory covered losses through conversion rate adjustments under the Europe retrospective responsibility plan:


	Six Months Ended March 31, 2024						Six Months Ended March 31, 2023
	Series B			Series C			Series B			Series C
	(in millions, except per share data)
Reduction in equivalent number of class A common stock	—		(1)	—		(1)	—		(1)	—		(1)
Effective price per share(2)	$	254.32		$	254.32		$	211.34		$	211.34
Recovery through conversion rate adjustment	$	22		$	3		$	7		$	7

(1)The reduction in equivalent number of shares of class A common stock was less than one million shares.

(2)Effective price per share for each adjustment is calculated using the volume-weighted average price of the Company’s class A common stock over a pricing period in accordance with the Company’s current certificates of designations for its series B and C preferred stock.

Common stock repurchases. The following table presents share repurchases in the open market:


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023
	(in millions, except per share data)
Shares repurchased in the open market(1)	10		10		25		26
Average repurchase cost per share(2)	$	280.41	$	221.32	$	255.09	$	206.88
Total cost(2)	$	2,784	$	2,216	$	6,393	$	5,331

(1)Shares repurchased in the open market reflect repurchases that settled during the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023. All shares repurchased in the open market have been retired and constitute authorized but unissued shares.

(2)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Average repurchase cost per share and total cost are calculated based on unrounded numbers and include applicable taxes.

In October 2023 and 2022, the Company’s board of directors authorized share repurchase programs of $25.0 billion providing multi-year flexibility, and $12.0 billion, respectively. These authorizations have no expiration date. As of March 31, 2024, the Company’s share repurchase program had remaining authorized funds of $23.6 billion. All share repurchase programs authorized prior to October 2023 have been completed.

Class B common stock. On January 23, 2024, Visa’s common stockholders approved amendments to the Company’s certificate of incorporation authorizing Visa to implement an exchange offer program that would have the effect of releasing transfer restrictions on portions of the Company’s class B common stock by allowing holders to exchange a portion of their outstanding shares of class B common stock for shares of freely tradeable class C common stock. The certificate of incorporation amendments automatically redenominated all shares of class B common stock outstanding at the amendment date as class B-1 common stock with no changes to the par value, conversion features, rights and privileges of the class B-1 common stock. The amendments also authorized new classes of class B common stock that will only be issuable in connection with an exchange offer where a preceding class of B common stock is tendered in exchange and retired. When referred to prior to January 23, 2024, class B common stock means the Company’s legacy class B common stock, and following January 23, 2024, means the Company’s class B-1 common stock, and to the extent issued in an exchange offer, class B-2 common stock, class B-3 common stock, class B-4 common stock and class B-5 common stock, collectively.

Capital stock authorized. As of March 31, 2024 and September 30, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue 25 million shares of preferred stock, of which the following series have been created and authorized: 4 million shares of series A convertible participating preferred stock, 2 million shares of series B convertible participating preferred stock and 3 million shares of series C convertible participating preferred stock. As of March 31, 2024, the Company was authorized to issue 2.0 trillion shares of class A common stock, 499 million shares of class B-1 common stock, 123 million shares of class B-2 common stock, 61 million shares of class B-3 common stock, 31 million shares of class B-4 common stock, 15 million shares of class B-5 common stock and 1.1 billion shares of class C common stock. As of September 30, 2023, the Company was authorized to issue 2.0 trillion shares of class A common stock, 622 million shares of class B-1 common stock and 1.1 billion shares of class C common stock.

Dividends. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company declared and paid dividends of $1,060 million and $941 million, respectively. During the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company declared and paid dividends of $2.1 billion and $1.9 billion, respectively. On April 23, 2024, the Company’s board declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.52 per share of class A common stock (determined in the case of all other outstanding common and preferred stock on an as-converted basis), payable on June 3, 2024, to all holders of record as of May 17, 2024.

Note 10—Earnings Per Share

The following table presents earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2024:


	Basic Earnings Per Share					Diluted Earnings Per Share
	Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)	Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)		Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)		Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)
	(in millions, except per share data)
Class A common stock	$	3,616	1,579	$	2.29	$	4,663	2,039	(3)	$	2.29
Class B-1 common stock	892		245	$	3.63	$	891	245		$	3.63
Class C common stock	85		9	$	9.16	$	85	9		$	9.15
Participating securities	70		Not presented	Not presented		$	70	Not presented		Not presented
Net income	$	4,663

The following table presents earnings per share for the six months ended March 31, 2024:


	Basic Earnings Per Share					Diluted Earnings Per Share
	Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)	Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)		Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)		Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)
	(in millions, except per share data)
Class A common stock	$	7,408	1,582	$	4.68	$	9,553	2,042	(3)	$	4.68
Class B-1 common stock	1,825		245	$	7.44	$	1,823	245		$	7.43
Class C common stock	176		9	$	18.73	$	176	9		$	18.71
Participating securities	144		Not presented	Not presented		$	144	Not presented		Not presented
Net income	$	9,553

The following table presents earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2023:


	Basic Earnings Per Share					Diluted Earnings Per Share
	Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)	Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)		Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)		Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)
	(in millions, except per share data)
Class A common stock	$	3,307	1,624	$	2.04	$	4,257	2,093	(3)	$	2.03
Class B-1 common stock	800		245	$	3.26	$	799	245		$	3.25
Class C common stock	79		10	$	8.15	$	79	10		$	8.14
Participating securities	71		Not presented	Not presented		$	71	Not presented		Not presented
Net income	$	4,257

The following table presents earnings per share for the six months ended March 31, 2023:


	Basic Earnings Per Share					Diluted Earnings Per Share
	Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)	Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)		Income Allocation (A)(1)		Weighted- Average Shares Outstanding (B)		Earnings per Share = (A)/(B)(2)
	(in millions, except per share data)
Class A common stock	$	6,549	1,627	$	4.03	$	8,436	2,098	(3)	$	4.02
Class B-1 common stock	1,584		245	$	6.45	$	1,582	245		$	6.44
Class C common stock	157		10	$	16.10	$	156	10		$	16.09
Participating securities	146		Not presented	Not presented		$	146	Not presented		Not presented
Net income	$	8,436

(1)The weighted-average number of shares of as-converted class B-1 common stock used in the income allocation was 390 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 393 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023. The weighted-average number of shares of as-converted class C common stock used in the income allocation was 37 million and 38 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, and 39 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023. The weighted-average number of shares of preferred stock included within participating securities was 6 million of as-converted series A preferred stock for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 10 million and 11 million of as-converted series A preferred stock for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, respectively, 7 million of as-converted series B preferred stock for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, and 11 million of as-converted series C preferred stock for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

(2)Figures in the table may not recalculate exactly due to rounding. Basic and diluted earnings per share are calculated based on unrounded numbers.

(3)Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding are calculated on an as-converted basis and include incremental common stock equivalents, as calculated under the treasury stock method. The common stock equivalents are not material for the three and six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.

Note 11—Share-based Compensation

The following table presents the equity awards granted to employees and non-employee directors under the amended and restated 2007 Equity Incentive Compensation Plan (EIP) during the six months ended March 31, 2024:


	Granted	Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Non-qualified stock options	722,695	$	62.55	$	249.56
Restricted stock units	2,895,667	$	251.21
Performance-based shares(1)	528,008	$	281.85

(1)Represents the maximum number of performance-based shares which could be earned.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation cost related to the EIP of $235 million and $214 million, respectively. For the six months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded share-based compensation cost related to the EIP of $435 million and $384 million, respectively.

Note 12—Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, the effective income tax rates were 15% and 17%, respectively, and for the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, the effective income tax rates were 19% and 18%, respectively. The difference in the effective tax rates is primarily due to the following:

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, a $184 million tax benefit as a result of the conclusion of an audit; and
During the six months ended March 31, 2023, a $142 million tax benefit due to the reassessment of an uncertain tax position as a result of new information obtained during an ongoing tax examination.

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $117 million and $4 million, respectively, and the Company’s net unrecognized tax benefits decreased by $159 million and $130 million, respectively. The change in unrecognized tax benefits is primarily due to the recognition of previously unrecognized tax benefits as a result of the conclusion of an audit, partially offset by an increase in gross timing differences as well as various tax positions across several jurisdictions. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company’s accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions decreased by $72 million and $51 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2023, there were no significant changes in accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions.

In January 2024, a resolution was reached regarding India tax assessments for taxable years falling within the period from 2010 to 2019. As a result, the Company withdrew its appeals to the appellate authorities for these years.

Effective through September 30, 2028, the Company’s operating hub in the Asia Pacific region is subject to a tax incentive in Singapore which is conditional upon meeting certain requirements.

The Company’s tax filings are subject to examination by U.S. federal, state and foreign taxing authorities. The timing and outcome of the final resolutions of the various ongoing income tax examinations and refund claims are uncertain. It is not reasonably possible to estimate the increase or decrease in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

Note 13—Legal Matters

The Company is party to various legal and regulatory proceedings. Some of these proceedings involve complex claims that are subject to substantial uncertainties and unascertainable damages. For those proceedings where a loss is determined to be only reasonably possible or probable but not estimable, the Company has disclosed the nature of the claim. Additionally, unless otherwise disclosed below with respect to these proceedings, the Company cannot provide an estimate of the possible loss or range of loss. Although the Company believes that it has strong defenses for the litigation and regulatory proceedings described below, it could, in the future, incur judgments or fines or enter into settlements of claims that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. From time to time, the Company may engage in settlement discussions or mediations with respect to one or more of its outstanding litigation matters, either on its own behalf or collectively with other parties.

The litigation accrual is an estimate and is based on management’s understanding of its litigation profile, the specifics of each case, advice of counsel to the extent appropriate and management’s best estimate of incurred loss as of the balance sheet date.

The following table summarizes the activity related to accrued litigation:


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	1,751	$	1,456
Provision for uncovered legal matters	310		—
Provision for covered legal matters	175		352

Payments for legal matters	(383)		(206)
Balance as of end of period	$	1,853	$	1,602

Accrual Summary—U.S. Covered Litigation

Visa Inc., Visa U.S.A. and Visa International are parties to certain legal proceedings that are covered by the U.S. retrospective responsibility plan, which the Company refers to as the U.S. covered litigation. An accrual for the U.S. covered litigation and a charge to the litigation provision are recorded when a loss is deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable. In making this determination, the Company evaluates available information, including but not limited to actions taken by the Company’s litigation committee. The total accrual related to the U.S. covered litigation could be either higher or lower than the escrow account balance. See further discussion below under U.S. Covered Litigation and Note 5—U.S. and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans.

The following table summarizes the accrual activity related to U.S. covered litigation:


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	1,621	$	1,441
Provision for interchange multidistrict litigation	129		341

Payments for U.S. covered litigation	(204)		(201)
Balance as of end of period	$	1,546	$	1,581

During the three and six months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded an additional accrual pursuant to the agreement to resolve the Injunctive Relief Class claims in the interchange multidistrict litigation. The accrual balance is consistent with the Company’s best estimate of its share of a probable and reasonably estimable loss with respect to the U.S. covered litigation. While this estimate is consistent with the Company’s view of the current status of the litigation, the probable and reasonably estimable loss or range of such loss could materially vary based on developments in the litigation. The Company will continue to consider and reevaluate this estimate in light of the substantial uncertainties with respect to the litigation. The Company is unable to estimate a potential loss or range of loss, if any, at trial if negotiated resolutions cannot be reached.

Accrual Summary—VE Territory Covered Litigation

Visa Inc., Visa International and Visa Europe are parties to certain legal proceedings that are covered by the Europe retrospective responsibility plan. Unlike the U.S. retrospective responsibility plan, the Europe retrospective responsibility plan does not have an escrow account that is used to fund settlements or judgments. The Company is entitled to recover VE territory covered losses through periodic adjustments to the conversion rates applicable to the series B and C preferred stock. An accrual for the VE territory covered losses and a reduction to stockholders’ equity will be recorded when the loss is deemed to be probable and reasonably estimable. See further discussion below under VE Territory Covered Litigation and Note 5—U.S. and Europe Retrospective Responsibility Plans.

The following table summarizes the accrual activity related to VE territory covered litigation:


	Six Months Ended March 31,
	2024		2023
	(in millions)
Balance as of beginning of period	$	110	$	11
Provision for VE territory covered litigation	46		11
Payments for VE territory covered litigation	(144)		(5)
Balance as of end of period	$	12	$	17

U.S. Covered Litigation

Interchange Multidistrict Litigation (MDL) - Class Actions

On December 4, 2023, plaintiffs in the two actions led, respectively, by Hayley Lanning and Camp Grounds Coffee, served a motion for partial summary judgment. On January 8, 2024, defendants’ motions for summary judgment under Ohio v. American Express were granted in part and denied in part. On February 22, 2024, the district court denied defendants' motions for summary judgment based on the post-IPO conspiracy claims. On February 26, 2024, plaintiffs in the action led by Old Jericho Enterprise, Inc. served a motion for partial summary judgment. On March 11, 2024, the district court denied the Injunctive Relief Class plaintiffs’ motion for partial summary judgment. On April 2, 2024, the district court granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment on Injunctive Relief Class plaintiffs’ monopolization claims.

On March 25, 2024, Visa and Mastercard entered into an agreement to resolve the Injunctive Relief Class claims (the “Settlement Agreement”), subject to court approval. The Settlement Agreement includes, among other terms, (i) a release from class members for claims for declaratory, injunctive or equitable relief arising out of conduct alleged by the Injunctive Relief Class in the litigation that have accrued or accrue in the future during the term of the Settlement Agreement; (ii) provisions requiring reductions and caps on U.S. credit interchange rates; and (iii) provisions requiring modifications to the Company’s rules in the U.S. that, among other things, streamline requirements for merchants who wish to impose a surcharge on credit transactions. On March 26, 2024, the Injunctive Relief Class plaintiffs filed a motion for preliminary approval of the settlement.

Interchange Multidistrict Litigation (MDL) - Individual Merchant Actions

Visa has reached settlements with a number of merchants representing approximately 73% of the Visa-branded payment card sales volume of merchants who opted out of the Amended Settlement Agreement with the Damages Class plaintiffs.

On November 1, 2023, defendants served a motion to enforce the Amended Settlement Agreement, or in the alternative for summary judgment, regarding claims in the actions brought by certain plaintiffs in their capacity as payment facilitators. On December 4, 2023, plaintiffs in certain of the individual merchant actions served a motion for partial summary judgment or a joinder in partial summary judgment motions. On January 8, 2024, defendants’ motions for summary judgment under Ohio v. American Express were granted in part and denied in part. On February 22, 2024, the district court denied defendants' motions for summary judgment based on Illinois Brick standing and on the post-IPO conspiracy claims, and denied as moot certain plaintiffs’ motions for partial summary judgment. On April 2, 2024, the district court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion for summary judgment on certain plaintiffs’ monopolization claims.

Consumer Interchange Litigation

On February 9, 2024, defendants filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and to compel arbitration.

VE Territory Covered Litigation

Europe Merchant Litigation

Since July 2013, proceedings have been commenced by more than 1,150 Merchants (the capitalized term “Merchant” when used in this section, means a Merchant together with subsidiary/affiliate companies that are party to the same claim) against Visa Europe, Visa Inc. and other Visa subsidiaries in the UK and other countries primarily relating to interchange rates in Europe and in some cases relating to fees charged by Visa and certain Visa rules. As of the filing date, Visa has settled the claims asserted by over 475 Merchants, and there are approximately 600 Merchants with outstanding claims. In addition, 30 additional Merchants have threatened to commence similar proceedings. Standstill agreements have been entered into with respect to some of those threatened Merchant claims, several of which have been settled.

From February 14 to March 28, 2024, a trial occurred to consider whether certain interchange rates restrict competition in violation of UK antitrust law.

In the class action claims filed before the UK Competition Appeal Tribunal, a class certification rehearing took place in April 2024.

Other Litigation

MiCamp Solutions

On December 8, 2023, a complaint was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California by MiCamp Solutions, LLC against Visa on behalf of a purported class of Independent Sales Organizations (ISOs) and their merchant customers and a purported subclass of ISOs. The complaint alleges violations of federal and state antitrust laws, state data privacy laws, and the constitution, based on, among other things, Visa’s interchange fees and its assessment of fees for non-compliance with its surcharge rules. The complaint seeks to recover damages and to enjoin the enforcement of Visa’s default interchange and surcharge rules, among other things. On March 5, 2024, MiCamp Solutions filed an amended complaint on behalf of the same purported class and subclass, and containing similar allegations as in the original complaint, and on March 19, 2024, Visa filed a motion to dismiss that amended complaint.

Mirage Wine + Spirit’s Inc.

On December 14, 2023, a putative class action was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Illinois by Mirage Wine + Spirit’s Inc. against Apple Inc., Visa Inc. and Mastercard Incorporated on behalf of certain merchants in the United States that accepted Apple Pay as a method of payment at the physical point-of-sale from December 14, 2019. Plaintiff alleges a conspiracy under which Apple agreed not to enter a purported market for point-of-sale payment card networks services and seeks damages, injunctive relief and attorneys’ fees based on alleged violations of section 1 of the Sherman Act. On January 5, 2024, Visa requested transfer of the action to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings with the MDL. On February 2, 2024, the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation entered a conditional transfer order conditionally transferring the case to the MDL. On February 26, 2024, plaintiffs filed a motion to vacate the conditional transfer order.

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