Veeva Systems 10-K 2026-01-31

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026

OR

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number: 001-36121

Veeva Systems Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

4280 Hacienda Drive

Pleasanton, California, 94588

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (925) 452-6500

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by a check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, which was July 31, 2025, based on the closing price of $284.20 for shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange on July 31, 2025, the last trading day of the second fiscal quarter, was approximately $42.6 billion. Shares of Class A common stock held by each executive officer, director, and their affiliated holders have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

As of March 17, 2026, there were 163,330,933 shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding. We refer to our Class A common stock as our “common stock.”

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated herein by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K to the extent stated herein. The proxy statement will be filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended January 31, 2026.

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Pursuant to Part IV, Item 16, a summary of Form 10-K content follows, including hyperlinked cross-references (in the EDGAR filing). This allows users to easily locate the corresponding items in this annual report on Form 10-K where the disclosure is fully presented. The summary does not include certain Part III information that will be incorporated by reference from the Proxy Statement for the 2026 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which will be filed within 120 days after our fiscal year ended January 31, 2026.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements that are based on our beliefs and assumptions and on information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our possible or assumed future results of operations and expenses, business strategies and plans, trends, market sizing, competitive position, industry and macroeconomic environment, potential growth opportunities, and product capabilities among other things. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and, in some cases, can be identified by terms such as “aim,” “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “estimates,” “expects,” “goal,” “intends,” “may,” “plans,” “potential,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “should,” “strive,” “will,” “would,” or similar expressions and the negatives of those terms.

Forward-looking statements are based on our current views and expectations and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors—including those described in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and elsewhere in this report—that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

Any forward-looking statements in this report are made only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

As used in this report, the terms “Veeva,” “Registrant,” “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Veeva Systems Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.

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PART I.

Overview

Veeva is the leading provider of industry cloud solutions for the global life sciences industry. Our offerings span cloud software, data, and business consulting and are designed to meet the unique needs of our customers and their most strategic business functions—from research and development (“R&D”) through commercialization. Our solutions help life sciences companies develop and bring products to market faster and more efficiently, market and sell more effectively, and maintain compliance with government regulations. Our goal is to become the most strategic software, data, and business consulting partner to the life sciences industry, supporting the industry’s most critical drug development, quality and manufacturing, and commercialization functions.

Customer success is one of our core values, and our focus on it has allowed us to deepen and expand our strategic relationships with customers over time. Because of our industry focus, we have a unique, in-depth perspective into the needs and best practices of life sciences companies and clinical research sites. This allows us to develop targeted solutions, quickly adapt to regulatory changes, and incorporate highly relevant enhancements into our existing solutions at a rapid pace.

We are a Delaware public benefit corporation (“PBC”). A PBC is a for-profit company operating under subchapter XV of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (i) that has adopted a public benefit purpose intended to provide benefits beyond just stockholder financial returns, and (ii) whose directors have a fiduciary duty to balance the financial interests of stockholders, the best interests of other stakeholders materially affected by the company’s conduct (which we believe includes customers, employees, partners, and the communities in which we operate), and the pursuit of the company’s public benefit purpose. Our public benefit purpose, as reflected in our certificate of incorporation, is “to provide products and services that are intended to help make the industries we serve more productive, and to create high-quality employment opportunities in the communities in which we operate.” We believe that operating as a PBC reflects our core values—do the right thing, customer success, employee success, and speed—and helps us maintain alignment with the principal industry we serve, life sciences, and its broad goal to improve health and extend lives.

Our Industry Cloud Solutions for Life Sciences

Our industry cloud solutions for the life sciences industry are grouped into four major product categories—Veeva Development Cloud, Veeva Quality Cloud, Veeva Commercial Cloud, and Veeva Data Cloud—and are designed to address pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical devices and diagnostics (MedTech) companies’ most pressing strategic needs in their commercial, R&D, and quality operations.

For financial reporting purposes, “Commercial Solutions” revenues refer to revenues associated with our Veeva Commercial Cloud and Veeva Data Cloud solutions, and “R&D and Quality Solutions” revenues refer to revenues associated with our Veeva Development Cloud and Veeva Quality Cloud solutions.

Veeva AI adds agentic artificial intelligence (“AI”) to our proprietary Veeva Vault platform and deep, industry-specific agents for Veeva applications. Veeva AI Agents work seamlessly within Veeva applications and have direct, secure access to data, documents, and workflows.

Veeva Development Cloud includes application suites for the clinical, regulatory, and safety functions of life sciences companies, all built on our Veeva Vault platform. Veeva Vault’s unique ability to handle content and data allows us to build content and data-centric applications to help customers streamline end-to-end business processes and eliminate manual processes and siloed systems. Veeva Vault can be deployed one application at a time or as an integrated solution with multiple applications that enable customers to unify and manage important documents and related data in a single global system:

• Veeva Clinical Platform** advances clinical trial execution by providing a complete and connected technology ecosystem. Our clinical platform is designed to enable seamless execution and flow of data between clinical trial stakeholders—including patients, research sites, contract research organizations (“CROs”), and trial sponsors—for faster, more efficient trials that achieve higher data accuracy and increased patient diversity. Our suite of applications for clinical research sites and patient engagement facilitates clinical trial participation for patients and streamlines study execution for research sites and trial sponsors. These offerings include applications that enable sites to manage study documents electronically and securely capture and exchange information with sponsors and CROs.

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• Veeva** Clinical Data Management helps sponsors and CROs design and run trials with tools to speed the build process and eliminate manual steps. This includes Veeva EDC for electronic data capture; Veeva CDB for aggregating, cleaning, and transforming clinical data; and solutions for electronic processing of consents and assessments of clinical trial participants. Veeva Clinical Operations Suite offers applications such as Veeva eTMF, an electronic trial master file application, Veeva CTMS for clinical trial management, solutions for randomization and trial supply management (RTSM), and solutions for automating the flow of clinical trial information between sponsors, CROs, and clinical research sites for better collaboration and faster clinical trials.

• Veeva Safety** is a suite of applications that unifies systems and processes to enable proactive patient safety. These offerings include applications that manage drug safety content, reporting and analytics, signal detection, as well as the intake, processing, and submission of adverse event data.

• Veeva RIM is a suite of applications that provides fully integrated regulatory information management capabilities on a single cloud platform. These offerings include applications that enable life sciences companies to manage, track, and report product and registration information and to facilitate content planning, authoring, publishing, and archiving of regulatory submissions to healthcare authorities.

Veeva Quality Cloud unifies quality applications, processes, and partners across content management, training, quality assurance, and quality control lab solutions on the Veeva Vault platform. These applications help our customers in the life sciences and consumer products industries to develop and manufacture products more efficiently. Veeva Quality Cloud includes Veeva QMS to manage integrated quality processes and Veeva Quality Docs to manage regulated quality content throughout its lifecycle, as well as lab solutions, which enable quality control to optimize batch release testing, stability study management, and environmental monitoring, and training solutions, which increase quality training efficiency and compliance.

Veeva Commercial Cloud is a product category comprised of software and analytics solutions built specifically for life sciences companies to more efficiently and effectively commercialize their products. Veeva Commercial Cloud includes solutions for the sales, marketing, and medical affairs functions of a life sciences company:

• Veeva Vault CRM** Suite is our next generation CRM solution built on our proprietary Veeva Vault platform. Vault CRM brings together sales, marketing, medical, and service teams at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies in a single Vault database, with shared data and content, to manage, track, and optimize engagement with healthcare professionals. Vault CRM includes the full functionality of our legacy product, Veeva CRM, with additional applications such as Campaign Manager for coordination across engagement channels, Patient CRM for patient services, and integrated AI Agents that enhance field productivity and data quality by providing data-driven pre-call insights, enabling voice-activated data entry and follow-up actions, and identifying potential issues in call notes to ensure accuracy and compliance. Veeva CRM and some of its related applications are built on a platform provided by Salesforce, Inc. and will be supported until December 31, 2029. Both Vault CRM and Veeva CRM include multichannel CRM applications that can enhance and extend our core CRM and Medical CRM products, providing customers with an end-to-end solution across all key channels, including face-to-face, email, and virtual engagement, live and virtual enterprise events, and field collaboration.

• Veeva Medical** provides a single, validated source of medical content across multiple channels and geographies with capabilities for medical affairs teams to centralize medical inquiries and content.

• Veeva PromoMats** is an end-to-end content and digital asset management (“DAM”) solution through which life sciences companies can collaborate, review, distribute, and update commercial content and manage assets. PromoMats also includes integrated AI Agents that assist with document review.

• Veeva Crossix** provides biopharmaceutical brands best-in-class marketing analytics platform and audience targeting solutions to drive greater marketing effectiveness.

Veeva Data Cloud is a modern data platform comprised of connected reference data, deep data, and transaction data. The platform is designed to bring greater efficiency and precision across clinical and commercial operations of a life sciences company:

• Veeva OpenData is customer reference data. This includes demographic information, license information and status, specialty information, affiliations, and other key data about healthcare professionals and organizations that is crucial to customer engagement and compliance.

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• Veeva Link** applications are built on a modern data platform that combines intelligent software automation with human curation to provide deep data across a growing number of areas, including key people, key accounts, publications, conferences, medical insights, and digital engagement.

• Veeva Compass** is a suite of de-identified U.S. longitudinal patient, projected prescriber, and national data designed for a wide range of commercial use cases, including business planning, patient finding, patient journey analytics, segmentation and targeting, forecasting, and incentive compensation.

• Veeva HCP Access** is a data subscription that provides access and multichannel engagement metrics about healthcare professionals that are used by our life sciences customers for segmentation, targeting, and engagement planning.

Professional Services and Support

We offer professional services to help customers maximize the value of our solutions. Our service teams possess industry expertise, project management capabilities, and deep technical acumen that we believe our customers highly value. Our professional services teams work with our systems integrator partners to deliver projects. We offer the following professional services:

• implementation and deployment planning and project management;

• requirements analysis, solution design and configuration;

• ongoing managed services, such as outsourced systems administration;

• systems environment management and deployment services;

• services focused on advancing or transforming business and operating processes related to Veeva solutions;

• technical consulting services related to data migration and systems integrations; and

• training on our solutions.

We organize our professional services teams by specific expertise so that they can provide advice and support for best industry practices in the research and development and commercial departments of our customers.

Veeva Services Partners include global systems integrators and market specialty firms that help customers maximize the value of Veeva solutions. Partner services include program management, support, training, customization, and integration.

Veeva Business Consulting

We offer Veeva Business Consulting services through dedicated teams that are distinct from our professional services and support organization. Veeva Business Consulting provides strategic consulting services and solutions that are often enabled by our unique industry-wide perspective and proprietary data. Commercial Business Consulting typically focuses on a particular customer success initiative, commercial strategy, or business process change like digital engagement, commercial content management, field optimization, and commercial insights and analytics. R&D Business Consulting enables continuous and sustainable innovation across the drug development value chain, including process efficiency, time-to-market acceleration, and optimized operating model and governance.

Our Customers

As of January 31, 2026, we served 1,552 customers. For an explanation of how we define current customers, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Components of Results of Operations.” We deliver solutions to companies throughout the life sciences industry, including pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device companies, contract sales organizations, and contract research organizations. Our life sciences customers range from the largest global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies such as Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., and Novartis Pharma AG, to emerging growth pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Alkermes Inc., Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc., bluebird bio, Inc., and Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd. We also deliver solutions to companies in the consumer products industries.

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Our Human Capital Resources

As of January 31, 2026, we had 7,928 employees worldwide, up by 637 from the previous year. Our employees in the United States are not represented by a labor union; however, in certain foreign locations, local workers’ councils represent our employees. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be very good.

We use a combination of base salary and equity to compensate our employees. We also offer a range of benefits to our employees, including comprehensive healthcare and other wellness programs. We believe our compensation and benefits programs are competitive. We do not require any of our employees anywhere in the world to enter into non-compete agreements.

While we experience intense competition for talent, we believe we have been effective at attracting and retaining talented employees.

Research and Development

Our R&D organization is responsible for the design, development, and testing of our solutions and applications. Based on customer feedback and needs, we focus our efforts on developing new solutions, functionality, applications, and core technologies and further enhancing the usability, functionality, reliability, performance, and flexibility of existing solutions and applications.

Sales and Marketing

We sell our solutions through our direct sales organization. In large life sciences companies, the R&D and quality and commercial business functions commonly have separate technology and business decision makers. Accordingly, we market and sell our solutions to align with the distinct characteristics of those decision makers. We have distinct R&D and quality and commercial sales teams, which we further segment to focus on selling to large global life sciences companies and smaller life sciences companies. We also have product specific and industry specific sales teams for certain of our products.

Technology Infrastructure and Operations

Our products are hosted in data centers located in the United States, the European Union, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Australia, and Brazil. Our products used only within China are hosted in data centers located in China. We utilize third parties to provide our computing infrastructure and manage the infrastructure on which our solutions operate. For our Veeva Vault applications, including Vault CRM, and certain other Veeva Commercial Cloud applications, we utilize Amazon Web Services. For Veeva CRM and certain of our multichannel CRM applications, we currently utilize the hosting infrastructure provided by Salesforce.

Our infrastructure providers employ advanced measures to ensure physical integrity and security, including redundant power and cooling systems, fire and flood prevention mechanisms, continual security coverage, biometric readers at entry points and anonymous exteriors. We also implement various disaster recovery measures such that data loss would be minimized in the event of a single data center disaster. We architect our solutions using redundant configurations to minimize service interruptions. We continually monitor our solutions for any sign of failure or pending failure, and we take preemptive action to attempt to minimize or prevent downtime.

Our technology is generally based on multitenant architectures that apply common, consistent management practices for all customers using our solutions. We enable multiple customers to share the same version of our solutions while securely partitioning their respective data. Certain of our other applications rely on technology platforms provided by third parties. For example, our commercial data science application utilizes Amazon Redshift and our digital engagement application utilizes Zoom. Moreover, our AI Agents use large language models from Anthropic and Amazon, hosted on Amazon Bedrock.

Quality and Compliance Program

Veeva maintains a quality management system certified to ISO9001 to ensure process controls conform to established industry standards for our cloud software offerings that are subject to good practice regulations for the life sciences industry. Robust audit trail tracking, compliant electronic signature capture, data encryption, and secure

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access controls are required for these software offerings, and they must be thoroughly tested for compliance with applicable life sciences industry regulations, which include:

Privacy Program

Veeva maintains a data privacy program aligned to applicable laws such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (“EU GDPR”), the United Kingdom’s General Data Protection Regulation (“UK GDPR”), the California Consumer Privacy Act (“CCPA”), and the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (“HIPAA”). We have a Chief Privacy Officer who collaborates with our Chief Information Security Officer and business and product leaders throughout our organization. Our program focuses on the implementation of policies, procedures, and agreements to facilitate compliance with applicable data privacy laws and regulations as well as data privacy requirements of customers and partners; the creation and maintenance of privacy documentation to demonstrate compliance with applicable data privacy laws and regulations, including legal transfer mechanisms; the processes by which we obtain personal information through lawful and transparent means; the processes by which we process personal information; the processes by which we notify customers and data subjects in a timely manner in the event of a data breach, as required by contract or law; and the training of employees and contractors engaged in the processing of personal information. For more information about our privacy practices, please visit veeva.com/privacy.

Competition

The markets for our solutions are global, rapidly evolving, highly competitive, and subject to changing regulations, advancing technology, and shifting customer needs. In new sales cycles, we generally compete with other cloud-based solutions from providers that make applications geared toward the life sciences industry. Our CRM solutions primarily compete with Salesforce, which has developed a life sciences industry-specific CRM application. IQVIA, which historically offered a competitive CRM solution, has licensed its CRM software to Salesforce.

Our Veeva Data Cloud products, as well as Veeva Crossix, compete with IQVIA Holdings, Inc., Ipsos Group S.A., Definitive Health Corp., and smaller data and data analytics providers.

No single vendor offers products that compete with all of our Veeva Development Cloud or Quality Cloud applications, but IQVIA, Dassault Systèmes, OpenText Corporation, Oracle Corporation, Honeywell International Inc., and other smaller application providers offer applications that compete with certain of our Veeva Development Cloud and Quality Cloud applications.

Our Commercial Cloud, Development Cloud, and Quality Cloud application suites also compete to replace client server-based legacy solutions offered by companies such as Oracle, Microsoft Corporation, and other smaller application providers. Our customers may also choose to use cloud-based applications or platforms that are not life sciences specific—such as Salesforce, Box, Inc., Amazon Web Services, or Microsoft—for certain of the functions our applications provide.

We sell certain of our Development Cloud and Quality Cloud applications to companies outside the life sciences industry. In this segment of our business, we compete with solutions such as those offered by OpenText, Microsoft, Honeywell, EtQ Management Consultants, LLC, Oracle, and Box, and custom-built software developed by third-party vendors or in-house by our potential customers.

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Our business consulting and professional services offerings compete with a range of professional services firms.

Some of our actual and potential competitors have advantages over us, such as longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing or other resources, stronger brand and business recognition, larger intellectual property portfolios, and agreements with a broader set of system integrators and other partners. We expect competition to intensify in the future, and we may face competition from new market entrants as well.

We believe the principal competitive factors in our market include the following:

• level of customer satisfaction;

• regulatory compliance verification and functionality;

• domain expertise with respect to life sciences;

• ease of deployment and use of solutions and applications;

• breadth and depth of solution and application functionality;

• brand awareness and reputation;

• modern and adaptive technology platform;

• capability for customization, configurability, integration, security, scalability and reliability of applications;

• total cost of ownership;

• ability to innovate and respond to customer needs rapidly;

• size of customer base and level of user adoption;

• ability to secure the rights to load and process third party proprietary data licensed by customers; and

• ability to integrate with legacy enterprise infrastructures and third-party applications.

We believe that we generally compete favorably on the basis of these factors.

Intellectual Property

We rely on a combination of patents, trade secrets, copyrights and trademarks, as well as contractual protections, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights. We have developed a process for seeking patent protection for our technology innovations. The table below provides a summary of our issued patents and pending patent applications as of January 31, 2026:

Our patents and patent applications cover technology within our Veeva Development Cloud, Veeva Commercial Cloud, Veeva Data Cloud, and Veeva Quality Cloud product families. We plan to continue expanding our patent portfolio. We require our employees, consultants, and other third parties to enter into confidentiality and proprietary rights agreements, and we control access to software, documentation, and other proprietary information. Although we rely on our intellectual property rights, as well as contractual protections to establish and protect our proprietary rights, we believe that factors such as the technological and creative skills of our personnel, creation of new features and functionality and frequent enhancements to our applications are essential to establishing and maintaining our technology leadership position as a provider of technology solutions to the life sciences industry.

Despite our efforts to protect our proprietary technology and our intellectual property rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or obtain and use our technology to develop applications with the same functionality as our application. Policing unauthorized use of our technology and intellectual property rights is difficult, and protection of our rights through civil enforcement mechanisms may be expensive and time consuming, and may result in the impairment or loss of portions of our intellectual property.

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Companies in our industry, as well as non-practicing entities, often own a number of patents, copyrights, trademarks, and trade secrets, and frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of infringement, misappropriation, or other violations of intellectual property or other rights. For example, we are aware of a non-practicing entity alleging that we infringed its patents. We have faced and may face new allegations in the future that we have infringed the patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property rights of others. We expect that we and others in our industry will continue to be subject to third-party infringement claims by competitors as the functionality of applications in different industry segments overlaps, and by non-practicing entities. Any of these third parties might make a claim of infringement against us at any time.

Corporate Information

Our website address is http://www.veeva.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K, and you should not consider information contained on our website to be part of this Form 10-K or in deciding whether to purchase shares of our common stock. Our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to reports filed or furnished pursuant to Sections 13(a) and 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available free of charge on the Investors portion of our website at http://ir.veeva.com as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

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Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risks and uncertainties described below and in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” together with all of the other information in this report, including our consolidated financial statements and related notes, before investing in our common stock. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the price of our common stock could decline and you could lose part or all of your investment.

Summary of Risk Factors

The below is a summary of principal risks to our business and risks associated with ownership of our stock. It is only a summary. You should read the more detailed discussion of risks set forth below and elsewhere in this report for a more complete discussion of the risks listed below and other risks.

• If our security measures are breached or unauthorized access to customer data is otherwise obtained, our solutions may be perceived as not being secure, customers may reduce or stop the use of our solutions, and we may incur significant liabilities.

• We face intense competition in markets in which we operate—particularly in the CRM market as we transition customers from our legacy CRM application to our Vault CRM application—and if we do not compete effectively, we may lose customers and our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

• Defects or disruptions in our solutions could result in diminished demand for our solutions and a reduction in our revenues, and subject us to substantial liability.

• If our newer solutions are not successfully adopted by new and existing customers, the growth rate of our revenues and operating results will be adversely affected.

• Our revenues are relatively concentrated within a small number of key customers, and the loss of one or more of such key customers could cause our revenues to decline.

• Nearly all of our revenues are generated by sales to customers in the life sciences industry, and factors that adversely affect this industry (including government funding and staffing of relevant agencies and research, drug pricing regulation, healthcare funding and eligibility reforms, regulation of pharmaceutical advertising, or other regulatory or policy changes) could also adversely affect us.

• Uncertain macroeconomic and geopolitical factors, including as a result of changes in trade policies and practices (including the imposition of additional tariffs or threats to impose additional tariffs), worldwide inflationary pressures, currency exchange fluctuations, changes in interest rates or other economic policies, geopolitical conflicts (like the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the conflict in the Middle East), and concerns about a possible domestic or global recession, may cause instability in the global economy, and disruptions within the life sciences industry that may negatively impact our business, our financial results, and our stock price.

• The migration of our customers to our Vault CRM applications built on our own Veeva Vault platform could cause business disruptions for customers and adversely affect our operating results.

• Over the longer term our revenue growth rates are likely to fluctuate from year to year and may decline, and, as our costs increase, we may not be able to sustain the same level of profitability we have achieved in the past.

• We rely on third-party providers for computing infrastructure, secure network connectivity, and other technology-related services needed to deliver our cloud solutions, and any slowdown, failure, or disruption in the services provided by them could adversely affect our business and subject us to liability.

• Difficulty attracting and retaining highly skilled employees could adversely affect our business and efforts to attract and retain such employees may increase our expenses.

• Changing laws, regulations, and enforcement priorities, including increasingly complex U.S. and international data privacy and information security regulations and measures specific to the life sciences

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industry, may impose additional costs for compliance, reduce demand for our solutions, and subject us to significant liabilities.

• We have been and may in the future be sued for infringement or misappropriation of third-party intellectual property. We may suffer damages, which could be significant, or other harm from these lawsuits.

• We may acquire other companies or technologies, which could divert our management’s attention, result in additional dilution to our stockholders, and otherwise disrupt our operations and adversely affect our operating results.

Risks Related to Our Business

If our security measures are breached or compromised or unauthorized access to customer data is otherwise obtained, our solutions may be perceived as not being secure, customers may reduce or stop their use of our solutions, and we may incur significant liabilities.

Our solutions involve the storage, transmission, and other processing of our customers’ proprietary information (including personal or identifying information regarding their employees and the medical professionals whom their sales personnel contact, and sensitive proprietary data related to the clinical trial, regulatory submission, and sales and marketing processes for medical treatments), personal information of medical professionals, personal information (which may include personal health information) of patients and clinical trial participants, and other sensitive information. For example, Veeva Crossix and Veeva Compass process third-party health and non-health data for U.S. patients. Additionally, we maintain and process other confidential, proprietary, and sensitive business information, including personal information relating to our employees and contractors and confidential information relating to our solutions and business.

Unauthorized access or other security breaches or incidents, as a result of third-party action (e.g., cyberattacks, or the introduction into our networks or systems of ransomware or other malware), employee or contractor error or malfeasance, product defect, or otherwise, have resulted in and could in the future result in the loss of information or intellectual property, inappropriate access to or use, disclosure, unavailability, modification, destruction, or other processing of information, service interruption, degradation, disruption, and outages, service level credits, claims, demands, litigation, regulatory investigations and other proceedings, indemnity obligations, damage to our reputation, and other liability. It is possible that our risk of cyberattacks and other sources of security breaches and incidents may be elevated as a result of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, the conflict in the Middle East, or other geopolitical tensions or conflicts, due to an increase in cyberattack attempts on us, our customers, our partners, or our technology infrastructure providers.

While we maintain and continue to improve our security measures, we may be unable to adequately anticipate security threats or to implement adequate preventative measures, in part, because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or sabotage systems change frequently and are becoming increasingly sophisticated and complex, and generally are not identified until they are launched against a target. For instance, as AI technologies, including generative AI models, develop rapidly, threat actors ar

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We recognize the critical importance of developing, implementing, and maintaining robust cybersecurity measures to safeguard our information systems and protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of our data.

Governance

The Cybersecurity Committee of our board of directors exercises oversight over our cybersecurity and privacy programs and controls for our products and our internal-use information technology. The Cybersecurity Committee is chaired by a director with cybersecurity expertise and board and executive experience at large technology companies. The Cybersecurity Committee receives reports from management on a regular basis on a range of topics, including the current cybersecurity landscape and emerging threats, the status of ongoing cybersecurity initiatives, incident reports from cybersecurity and privacy events, data privacy policies and procedures, and compliance with regulatory requirements and industry standards.

Our day-to-day cybersecurity and technology risk management efforts, including oversight of our information security management system, are led by our Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), a member of our executive leadership team with over three decades of experience in the field, whose cybersecurity experience includes serving in executive roles at other companies leading security, operations, audit, and compliance teams. Our Chief Information Security Officer (“CISO”), who has over two decades of experience in cybersecurity, including over five years at Veeva, reports to the CIO and oversees our security team. Our CISO’s cybersecurity experience includes serving as a security architect and Director of Security Engineering at Veeva, and overseeing security, automation, and performance testing for other technology companies.

Cybersecurity risk management is integrated into our broader risk management framework. We have a security points of contact program, which embeds security experts into product development, services, and IT teams. In addition, a security council, chaired by our CISO, meets monthly to discuss the security program, security incidents, and ongoing program objectives. The council is comprised of senior leaders in product development, operations, security, quality, and services, and helps ensure that security remains a top priority across the enterprise.

Risks Management and Strategy

Information Security Management System

We maintain a comprehensive Information Security Management System (“ISMS”), which is managed by our CISO and is designed to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of customer data, corporate data (such as intellectual property or source code), employee data, and our systems. Our ISMS is founded on the following industry-leading and regulatory standards:

• ISO 9001:2015 – Quality Management Systems

• ISO/IEC 27001:2022 – Information Security Management

• SOC2 Type II – System and Organization Controls

• SEI Capability Maturity Model Integration (v1.3)

• IT Infrastructure Library (“ITIL”) version 3

• ICH Q9 – Quality Risk Management

Our ISMS is certified to ISO/IEC 27001 and incorporates the ISO/IEC 27017 and ISO/IEC 27018 codes of practice for cloud security and privacy.

Critical elements of our ISMS include:

• Operational measures to monitor and respond to data breaches and cyberattacks**. We have application, database, network, and resource monitoring in place that are designated to identify vulnerabilities, protect our applications, and alert incident response personnel. Security incidents are addressed by our Security Incident Management Policy, which includes a formal incident response process. We also provide a trust site that displays upcoming maintenance downtimes, data center incidents, and relevant security communications.

• Preventative measures to hinder or limit cyberattacks**. We procure, develop, deploy, and maintain preventative solutions and follow preventative practices for our corporate IT and product engineering infrastructures, as well as the production infrastructure that processes our customer data. These solutions

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and practices include identity and access management, separation of duties, secure software development, network and data security, and system hardening.

• Vulnerability and penetration testing***.* We commission annual vulnerability and penetration testing of certain systems by industry-recognized, third-party security specialists. In addition, our software products undergo internal vulnerability testing using automated and manual methods prior to general availability.

• Training**. We require role-based security and security awareness training. All employees receive annual training on our Code of Conduct and our Acceptable Use Policy, which establishes our commitment to protecting the confidential and proprietary information of our customers and partners. In addition, all new hires and contractors must undergo information security awareness training. Subsequent security awareness training is required annually for all active employees and contractors. Employees are trained to promptly report security incidents. Employees in certain roles (e.g., customer support representatives, developers, and hiring managers) receive more extensive data and application security training annually.

• Disaster recovery and business continuity**. Our solutions are designed to help avoid single points of failure to reduce the chance of business disruption from security breaches, incidents, and other disruptions of systems. We maintain formally documented recovery processes that may be activated in the event of a significant business disruption of our corporate IT infrastructure or the production infrastructure that processes our customer data. We conduct testing, at least annually, to verify the validity of the recovery processes and provide reports on the test results for production infrastructure that processes our customer data to customers via access to a customer portal.

Process for Identifying Material Cybersecurity Incidents

Potentially material cybersecurity incidents are escalated according to our Security Incident Management Policy to a management response team comprising our Chief Information Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Accounting Officer, General Counsel, Chief Privacy Officer, and Associate General Counsel (Corporate). Our Security Incident Management Policy is designed to inform the management response team about, and monitor, the prevention, detection, mitigation, and remediation of cybersecurity incidents. The management response team is responsible for timely determining materiality and overseeing the appropriate reporting of certain cybersecurity incidents.

Cybersecurity risks, including as a result of any previous cybersecurity incidents, have not materially affected and are not reasonably likely to materially affect our business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition. For additional information regarding risks from cybersecurity threats that we face, and regarding our likelihood of being materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, please see Item 1A, “Risk Factors”.

Supplier Management Program

Through our Supplier Management Program, we maintain procedures that specify requirements for the assessment of suppliers and contractors who provide services that may impact our product and process quality. These procedures allow us to identify risks from potential cybersecurity incidents associated with our use of products and services from these suppliers and ensure that there is an appropriate level of oversight of our vendors’ quality systems. We perform initial audits and then periodic, risk-based audits on our suppliers to ensure their products and services conform to our established quality standards.

We own our Pleasanton, California corporate headquarters, which currently accommodates our principal executive and significant portions of our product development, engineering, marketing, finance, and legal organizations. We expect that our corporate headquarters will support the overall growth of our business for the near term.

We also lease offices in various locations, including North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Latin America. We expect to expand our facilities capacity in certain field locations during our fiscal year ending January 31, 2027 and may further expand our facilities capacity after January 31, 2027 as our employee base grows. We believe that we will be able to obtain additional space on commercially reasonable terms. See note 9 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more information about our lease commitments.

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From time to time, we may be involved in legal proceedings and subject to claims incident to the ordinary course of business. For information regarding certain legal proceedings, see note 13 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Although the results of legal proceedings and claims cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe we are not currently a party to any legal proceedings, the outcome of which, if determined adversely to us, would individually or taken together have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, cash flows, or financial position. Regardless of the outcome, such proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of resources and other factors, and there can be no assurances that favorable outcomes will be obtained.

Not applicable.

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PART II.

Market Price of Common Stock

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “VEEV.”

Stockholders

As of January 31, 2026, we had 17 holders of record of our common stock. The actual number of holders of common stock is greater than this number of record holders and includes stockholders who are beneficial owners but whose shares are held in street name by brokers and other nominees. This number of holders of record also does not include stockholders whose shares may be held in trust by other entities.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain future earnings for the development, operation, and expansion of our business and do not anticipate declaring or paying any cash dividends for the foreseeable future.

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table presents information with respect to our repurchases of common stock during the three months ended January 31, 2026:

(2) On January 5, 2026, we announced that our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $2 billion of our outstanding shares of common stock. Under the program, we may repurchase shares of common stock from time to time through open market purchases, in privately negotiated transactions, and other transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. The share repurchase program has a term of two years, may be suspended or discontinued at any time, and does not obligate us to acquire any amount of common stock. See note 10 of of the notes to our consolidated financial statements for additional information related to share repurchases.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

None.

Stock Performance Graph

This performance graph shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, or incorporated by reference into any of our other filings under the Exchange Act or the Securities Act except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

This chart compares the cumulative total return on our common stock with that of the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 1500 Application Software Index. The chart assumes $100 was invested at the close of market on January 31, 2021 in the common stock of Veeva Systems Inc., the S&P 500 Index, and the S&P 1500 Application Software Index and assumes the reinvestment of any dividends. The stock price performance on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.

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You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this report. In addition to historical consolidated financial information, the following discussion and analysis contains forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forward-looking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this report, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

Overview

Veeva is the leading provider of industry cloud solutions for the global life sciences industry. Our offerings span cloud software, data, and business consulting and are designed to meet the unique needs of our customers and their most strategic business functions—from research and development (“R&D”) through commercialization. Our solutions help life sciences companies develop and bring products to market faster and more efficiently, market and sell more effectively, and maintain compliance with government regulations.

Our industry cloud solutions are grouped into four major product categories—Veeva Development Cloud, Veeva Quality Cloud, Veeva Commercial Cloud, and Veeva Data Cloud. For financial reporting purposes, “Commercial Solutions” revenues refer to revenues associated with our Veeva Commercial Cloud and Veeva Data Cloud solutions, and “R&D and Quality Solutions” revenues refer to revenues associated with our Veeva Development Cloud and Veeva Quality Cloud solutions.

In our fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, we derived approximately 47% and 53% of our subscription revenues and 45% and 55% of our total revenues from our Commercial Solutions and R&D and Quality Solutions, respectively. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025, we derived approximately 48% and 52% of our subscription revenues and 47% and 53% of our total revenues from our Commercial Solutions and R&D and Quality Solutions, respectively. Revenues associated with our R&D and Quality Solutions are expected to increase as a percentage of both subscription revenues and total revenues in the future. We also offer certain of our R&D and Quality Solutions to industries outside the life sciences industry primarily in North America and Europe.

For our fiscal years ended January 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, our total revenues were $3,195 million, $2,747 million, and $2,364 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth in total revenues of 16% in our fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, and 16% in our fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. For our fiscal years ended January 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, our subscription revenues were $2,684 million, $2,285 million, and $1,902 million, respectively, representing year-over-year growth in subscription revenues of 17% in our fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, and 20% in our fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. We generated net income of $909 million, $714 million, and $526 million for our fiscal years ended January 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

As of January 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, we served 1,552, 1,477, and 1,432 customers, respectively. As of January 31, 2026, 2025, and 2024, we had 767, 730, and 693 Commercial Solutions customers, respectively, and 1,196, 1,125, and 1,078 R&D and Quality Solutions customers, respectively. These customer count totals are net of customer attrition during each period. The combined customer counts for Commercial Solutions and R&D and Quality Solutions exceed the total customer count in each year because some customers subscribe to products in both areas. Many of our applications for R&D are used by smaller, earlier-stage, pre-commercial companies, some of which may not reach the commercialization stage.

Components of Results of Operations

Revenues

We derive our revenues primarily from subscription fees and professional services fees. Subscription revenues consist of fees from customers accessing our software and data solutions. Professional services and other revenues consist primarily of fees from implementation services, configuration, and managed services in connection with our solutions, as well as services related to our speakers bureau logistics and Veeva Business Consulting

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offering. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, subscription revenues constituted 84% of total revenues and professional services and other revenues constituted 16% of total revenues.

We generally enter into master subscription agreements with our customers and count each distinct master subscription agreement that has not been terminated or expired and that has orders for which we have recognized revenue in the quarter as a distinct customer for purposes of determining our total number of current customers as of the end of that quarter. We generally enter into a single master subscription agreement with each customer, although in some instances, affiliated legal entities within the same corporate family may enter into separate master subscription agreements. Conversely, affiliated legal entities that maintain distinct master subscription agreements may choose to consolidate their orders under a single master subscription agreement, and, in that circumstance, our customer count would decrease. Divisions, subsidiaries, and operating units of our customers often place distinct orders for our subscription services under the same master subscription agreement, and we do not count such distinct orders as new customers for purposes of determining our total customer count. For Veeva Crossix, we do not count as distinct customers agencies contracting with us on behalf of brands within life sciences companies.

New subscription orders for our CRM applications generally have a one-year term. If a customer adds end users or additional Commercial Solutions to an existing order for a CRM application, such additional orders will generally be coterminous with the anniversary date of the CRM order, and as a result, orders for additional end users or additional Commercial Solutions will commonly have an initial term of less than one year.

Subscription revenues are generally recognized ratably over the respective noncancellable subscription term because of the continuous transfer of control to the customer. Our master subscription agreements governing multi-year orders generally include a termination for convenience right for our customers. The amount of revenue recognized from such orders will generally be consistent with the amount invoiced for the relevant term of the order.

Our subscription orders are generally billed at the beginning of the subscription period in annual or quarterly increments, which means the annualized value of such orders may not be completely reflected in deferred revenue at any single point in time. Also, particularly with respect to expansion orders for our Commercial Solutions, because the term of orders for additional end users or applications is commonly less than one year to align to the renewal date of existing Commercial Solutions orders, the annualized value of such orders may not be completely reflected in deferred revenue at any single point in time. We have also agreed from time to time, and may agree in the future, to allow customers to change the renewal dates of their orders to, for example, align more closely with a customer’s annual budget process or to align with the renewal dates of other orders placed by other entities within the same corporate control group, or to change payment terms from annual to quarterly, or vice versa. Such changes may result in an order of less than one year as necessary to align all orders to the desired renewal date and, thus, may result in a lesser increase to deferred revenue compared to if the adjustment had not occurred. Additionally, changes in renewal dates may change the fiscal quarter in which deferred revenue associated with a particular order is booked. Accordingly, we do not believe that changes on a quarterly or annual basis in deferred revenue, calculated billings, or normalized billings are precise indicators of future revenues. We define the term calculated billings for any period to mean revenue for the period plus the change in deferred revenue from the immediately preceding period minus the change in unbilled accounts receivable from the immediately preceding period. We define the term normalized billings for any period to mean calculated billings adjusted for the impact of (i) term changes in our customer renewals, such as changes to renewal date (for example, changing the renewal date of multiple products to be coterminous) or changes to billing frequency (for example, changing from annual to quarterly billings), and (ii) delayed renewals that have closed and billed after the period end.

Our agreements typically provide that orders will automatically renew unless notice of non-renewal is provided in advance. Subscription revenues are affected primarily by the number of customers, the scope of the subscription purchased by each customer (for example, the number of end users or other subscription usage metric) and the number of solutions subscribed to by each customer.

We utilize our own personnel to perform our professional services and business consulting engagements with customers. In certain cases, we may utilize third-party subcontractors to perform professional services engagements. The majority of our professional services arrangements are billed on a time and materials basis and revenues are recognized over time based on time incurred and contractually agreed upon rates. Certain professional services and business consulting arrangements are billed on a fixed fee basis and revenues are typically recognized over time as the services are delivered based on time incurred. Professional services revenues are affected primarily by our customers’ demands for implementation services, configuration, managed services, and speakers bureau logistics. Our business consulting revenues are affected primarily by our customers’ demands

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for services related to a particular customer success initiative, strategic analysis, or business process change, and not by cloud software implementation.

Allocated Overhead

We accumulate certain costs such as office rent, utilities, and other facilities costs, information technology, and building depreciation, and allocate them across the various departments based on headcount. We refer to these costs as “allocated overhead.”

Cost of Revenues

Cost of subscription revenues for all of our solutions consists of expenses related to our computing infrastructure provided by third parties, including Amazon Web Services and Salesforce, Inc., personnel related costs associated with hosting our subscription services and providing support, including our data stewards, data acquisition costs, and costs of delivering our data solutions, expenses associated with computer equipment and software, and allocated overhead.

Cost of professional services and other revenues consists primarily of employee-related expenses associated with providing professional and business consulting services. The cost of providing professional services is significantly higher as a percentage of the related revenues than the cost of subscription due to the direct labor costs and costs of third-party subcontractors.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development. Research and development expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, hosted infrastructure costs, and allocated overhead. We continue to focus our research and development efforts on our platforms, including adding new features and applications and increasing the functionality and enhancing the ease of use of our cloud-based applications.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee-related expenses, sales commissions, marketing program costs, travel-related expenses, amortization expense associated with purchased intangibles primarily related to our customer relationships, and allocated overhead. Marketing program costs include advertising, customer events, corporate communications, brand awareness, and product marketing activities. Sales commissions are costs of obtaining new customer contracts and are capitalized and then amortized over a period of benefit that we have determined to be three years.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses for our finance and accounting, legal, employee success, management information systems personnel, and other administrative employees. In addition, general and administrative expenses include fees related to third-party legal counsel, fees related to third-party accounting, tax and audit services, other corporate expenses, and allocated overhead.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, consists primarily of interest income, amortization of premiums paid or accretion of discounts on investments, and transaction gains or losses on foreign currency, net of hedging costs.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes consists of federal, state, and local income taxes in the United States and income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions. See note 7 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See note 1 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements in “Part II, Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of recent accounting pronouncements.

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Results of Operations

The following tables set forth selected consolidated statements of operations data and such data as a percentage of total revenues for each of the periods indicated:

Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2026 and 2025

The following is a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the year ended January 31, 2025. For a discussion of our results of operations for the year ended January 31, 2025 compared to the year ended January 31, 2024, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2025, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

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Revenues

Total revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $449 million, of which $400 million was from growth in subscription revenue.

The increase in subscription revenues consisted of $247 million attributable to R&D and Quality Solutions and $153 million attributable to Commercial Solutions. The increase in subscription revenue attributable to R&D and Quality Solutions was primarily driven by the expanding use by existing customers of our Veeva Development Cloud and Veeva Quality Cloud products and, to a lesser extent, due to higher prices in connection with our annual inflation adjustment for Veeva Development Cloud products. The increase in subscription revenue attributable to Commercial Solutions was primarily driven by the expanding use by existing customers of our Veeva Commercial Cloud and Veeva Data Cloud products and, to a lesser extent, due to higher prices in connection with our annual inflation adjustment for Veeva Commercial Cloud products. The geographic mix of subscription revenues was 60% from North America, 28% from Europe, and 12% from other locations, primarily Asia Pacific, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, as compared to 59% from North America, 28% from Europe, and 13% from other locations, primarily Asia Pacific, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025.

Professional services and other revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $49 million. The increase was primarily due to an increase in business consulting and implementation services. The geographic mix of professional services and other revenues was 58% from North America, 36% from Europe, and 6% from other locations, primarily Asia Pacific, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, as compared to 60% from North America, 33% from Europe, and 7% from other locations, primarily Asia Pacific, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025.

Cost of Revenue and Gross Margin

Cost of revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $82 million, comprised of a $42 million increase in cost of professional services and other and a $40 million increase in cost of subscription. The $42 million increase in cost of professional services and other was primarily related to employee compensation-related costs, which was driven by increases in salaries and benefits, as well as headcount. The increase in cost of subscription was primarily due to an increase of $36 million related to computing infrastructure and data costs. The increase in

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computing infrastructure costs was driven by an increase in both the number of end users and the volume of activity by end users of our subscription services. The increase in data costs is related to our continued investment in our data solutions.

We expect cost of subscription to increase in absolute dollars in the future due to increased usage of our subscription services and continued investment in our data solutions. We expect cost of professional services and other to increase in absolute dollars in the future as we continue to invest in our services organization.

Operating Expenses and Operating Margin

Operating expenses include research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses. We expect operating expenses to increase in the future, primarily due to employee compensation-related costs.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $74 million, primarily due to an increase of $64 million in employee compensation-related costs, which was driven by increases in salaries and benefits, as well as headcount. The expansion of our headcount in research and development was to support development work for the products that we offer or may offer in the future.

We expect research and development expenses to increase in the future, primarily due to employee compensation-related costs and hosting fees as we continue to invest in our product offerings.

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $32 million, primarily due to an increase of $29 million in employee compensation-related costs, which was driven by increases in salaries and benefits, as well as headcount. The expansion of our headcount was to support our sales and marketing efforts associated with our product offerings.

We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in the future, primarily due to employee compensation-related costs and the increase in marketing program costs related to events.

General and Administrative

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General and administrative expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $35 million, primarily due to a net increase of $26 million in litigation settlement-related charges.

We expect general and administrative expenses to decrease in the next fiscal year, due to the litigation settlement-related charges discussed above.

Other Income, Net

Other income, net, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 increased $50 million, primarily due to an increase in interest income from higher investment asset and cash balances.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes differs from the tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate primarily due to state taxes, equity compensation, tax credits, and foreign-derived intangible income (“FDII”) deduction. Future tax rates could be affected by changes in tax laws and regulations or by rulings in tax related litigation, as may be applicable.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, as compared to the prior fiscal year, our effective tax rate increased primarily due to the indirect effects of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”), offset by increased excess tax benefits related to equity compensation. In addition, the OBBBA restored the immediate expensing of certain domestic R&D expenditures and included an election to accelerate the unamortized capitalized R&D over a two-year period, which decreased our taxable income resulting in a decrease in our FDII benefit.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In our public disclosures, we have provided non-GAAP measures, which we define as financial information that has not been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP. In addition to our GAAP measures, we use these non-GAAP financial measures internally for budgeting and resource allocation purposes and in analyzing our financial results.

For the reasons set forth below, we believe that excluding the following items provides information that is helpful in understanding our operating results, evaluating our future prospects, comparing our financial results across accounting periods, and comparing our financial results to our peers, many of which provide similar non-GAAP financial measures.

• Excess tax benefits. Excess tax benefits from employee stock plans are dependent on previously agreed-upon equity grants to our employees, vesting of those grants, stock price, and exercise behavior of our employees, which can fluctuate from quarter to quarter. Because these fluctuations are not directly related to our business operations, we find it useful to exclude excess tax benefits when assessing the level of cash provided by operating activities. Given the nature of the excess tax benefits, we believe excluding it allows investors to make meaningful comparisons between our operating cash flows from quarter to quarter and those of other companies.

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• Stock-based compensation expenses. We exclude stock-based compensation expenses primarily because they are non-cash expenses that we exclude from our internal management reporting processes. We also find it useful to exclude these expenses when we assess the appropriate level of various operating expenses and resource allocations when budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. Moreover, because of varying available valuation methodologies, subjective assumptions and the variety of award types that companies can use, we believe excluding stock-based compensation expenses allows investors to make meaningful comparisons between our recurring core business operating results and those of other companies.

• Amortization of purchased intangibles. We incur amortization expense for purchased intangible assets in connection with acquisitions of certain businesses and technologies. Amortization of intangible assets is a non-cash expense and is inconsistent in amount and frequency because it is significantly affected by the timing, size of acquisitions, and the inherent subjective nature of purchase price allocations. Because these costs have already been incurred and cannot be recovered, and are non-cash expenses, we exclude these expenses for internal management reporting processes. We also find it useful to exclude these charges when assessing the appropriate level of various operating expenses and resource allocations when budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. Investors should note that the use of intangible assets contributed to our revenues earned during the periods presented and will contribute to our future period revenues as well.

• Litigation settlement-related charges. We exclude certain costs related to litigation settlements, including outcome-based payments to the law firms that represented us, because they are non-recurring and outside the ordinary course of business. Because these costs are unrelated to our day-to-day business operations, we believe excluding them enables more consistent evaluation of our operating results.

• Income tax effects on the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP costs and expenses. The income tax effects that are excluded relate to the imputed tax impact on the difference between GAAP and non-GAAP costs and expenses due to stock-based compensation and purchased intangibles for GAAP and non-GAAP measures.

Limitations on the Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

There are limitations to using non-GAAP financial measures because non-GAAP financial measures are not prepared in accordance with GAAP and may be different from non-GAAP financial measures provided by other companies.

The non-GAAP financial measures are limited in value because they exclude certain items that may have a material impact upon our reported financial results. In addition, they are subject to inherent limitations as they reflect the exercise of judgment by management about which items are adjusted to calculate our non-GAAP financial measures. We compensate for these limitations by analyzing current and future results on a GAAP basis as well as a non-GAAP basis and also by providing GAAP measures in our public disclosures.

Non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered in isolation from, or as a substitute for, financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. We encourage investors and others to review our financial information in its entirety, not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business, and to view our non-GAAP financial measures in conjunction with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.

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The following table reconciles the specific items excluded from GAAP metrics in the calculation of non-GAAP metrics for the periods shown below:

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of liquidity continue to be comprised of our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments. As of January 31, 2026, our cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaled $6.6 billion, of which $86 million represented cash and cash equivalents held outside of the United States.

Our primary use of cash is payment of our operating costs, which consist primarily of employee-related expenses, such as compensation and benefits, investments in our information technology infrastructure, and general operating expenses for marketing, facilities, and overhead costs. Long-term cash requirements for items other than normal operating expenses could include the following: the acquisition of businesses, or technologies complementary to our business, share repurchases, and capital expenditures.

Our non-U.S. cash and cash equivalents are not considered indefinitely reinvested outside the United States, except in certain designated jurisdictions. As of January 31, 2026, we have not recorded any taxes, such as withholding taxes, associated with the foreign earnings that are indefinitely reinvested outside of the United States. Under currently enacted tax laws, if we were to choose to repatriate the funds we have designated as indefinitely

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reinvested outside the United States, such amounts may be subject to certain jurisdictional taxes (e.g., withholding taxes).

We have financed our operations primarily through cash generated from operations. We believe our existing cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments will be sufficient to meet our working capital and capital expenditure needs over at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors including our growth rate, subscription renewal activity, the timing and extent of spending to support product development efforts, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the ongoing investments in technology infrastructure, the introduction of new and enhanced solutions, and the continuing market acceptance of our solutions. In addition to share repurchase activity, we may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services and technologies, and intellectual property rights. We may be required to seek additional equity or debt financing for those arrangements or for other reasons.

Share Repurchase Program

In January 2026, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to $2 billion of our outstanding shares of common stock. Under the program, we may repurchase shares of common stock from time to time through open market purchases, in privately negotiated transactions, or by other means, including through the use of trading plans intended to qualify under Rule 10b5-1 under the Exchange Act, in accordance with applicable securities laws and other restrictions, including Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. The timing and total amount of any share repurchases depend upon business, economic and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, prevailing stock prices, and other considerations. The share repurchase program has a term of two years, may be suspended or discontinued at any time, and does not obligate us to acquire any amount of common stock. Any repurchased shares of common stock will be retired. The repurchase program will be funded using our working capital.

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, we repurchased and subsequently retired 801,735 shares of our common stock for an aggregate amount of approximately $180 million.

Fiscal Year Ended January 31, 2026 and 2025

The following is a discussion of our cash flows for the year ended January 31, 2026 compared to the year ended January 31, 2025. For a discussion of our cash flows for the year ended January 31, 2025 compared to the year ended January 31, 2024, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended January 31, 2025, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our largest source of operating cash inflows is cash collections from our customers for subscription services. We also generate significant cash flows from our professional services arrangements. The first quarter of our fiscal year is seasonally the strongest quarter for cash inflows due to the collections from our annual subscription billings. As a result, we expect cash flows from operating activities to be substantially less in each of the subsequent quarters of the fiscal year. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are for employee-related expenditures, expenses related to our computing infrastructure (including Amazon Web Services and Salesforce), building infrastructure costs (including leases for office space), and fees for third-party legal counsel and accounting services.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1,415 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to $1,090 million provided by operating activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. The increase in cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to increased sales and the related cash collections and the impact of the OBBBA, partially offset by increased expenses.

The OBBBA restored the option to deduct certain domestic research and development expenditures, which were previously required to be capitalized and amortized over five years under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Additionally, the OBBBA provides for an election to accelerate the deduction of unamortized capitalized domestic research and development expenditures from fiscal years ended January 31, 2023 to January 31, 2025. The OBBBA is expected to increase our cash flows from operating activities in future periods, the amounts of which we are unable to estimate at this time.

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Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Investing activities primarily relate to cash used for the purchase of marketable securities, net of maturities, as well as capital expenditures.

Net cash used in investing activities was $1,104 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to $700 million used in investing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to the increase in purchases of short-term investments.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

The cash flows from financing activities relate primarily to share repurchases and taxes paid on behalf of employees related to the net share settlement of restricted stock units (“RSUs”), offset by stock option exercises.

Net cash used in financing activities was $9 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026 compared to $26 million provided by financing activities for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2025. The change in cash used in financing activities was primarily due to share repurchases, offset by an increase in proceeds from employee stock option exercises.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”). In the preparation of these consolidated financial statements, we are required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. Our actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

We believe that of our significant accounting policies, which are described in note 1 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements, the following accounting policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity. Accordingly, these are the policies we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.

Revenue Recognition

We derive our revenues primarily from subscription services and professional services. Some of our contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. The transaction price is allocated to the distinct performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. Significant judgment is sometimes required in developing an estimate of the standalone selling price for each distinct performance obligation based on our overall pricing objectives, market conditions, and other factors, including other groupings such as customer type and geography. The standalone selling prices of our distinct performance obligations are reviewed on a periodic basis or when there are significant changes in facts and circumstances. Our pricing objectives, market conditions, or other factors may change in the future, resulting in changes to standalone selling prices that could impact the timing or amount of revenue recognition.

Business Combinations and Valuation of Acquired Intangible Assets

We allocate the purchase price of acquired companies to tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to the valuation of intangible assets. Examples of critical estimates in valuing certain of the intangible assets we have acquired or may acquire in the future include but are not limited to future expected cash flows, future revenue growth, margins, customer retention rates, technology life, royalty rates, expected use of acquired assets, and discount rates. These factors are also considered in determining the useful life of the acquired intangible assets. These estimates are based in part on historical experience, market conditions, and information obtained from management of the acquired companies and are inherently uncertain. Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recorded.

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Foreign currency exchange risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Euro, Japanese Yen, Canadian Dollar, Great British Pound Sterling, and Chinese Yuan, and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. For the fiscal year ended January 31, 2026, about 83% of our revenues and about 80% of our expenses were denominated in USD.

We have also experienced and will continue to experience foreign currency fluctuations due to the periodic re-measurement of monetary account balances that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entities in which they are recorded and such fluctuations can impact our net income. We engage in the hedging of our foreign currency transactions as described in note 6 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements and may, in the future, hedge selected significant transactions or net monetary exposure positions denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Realized and unrealized foreign currency gains and losses were immaterial for both the fiscal years ended January 31, 2026 and 2025.

Interest rate sensitivity

We had cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments totaling $6.6 billion as of January 31, 2026. This amount was held primarily in demand deposit accounts, money market funds, corporate notes and bonds, U.S. treasury securities, and asset-backed securities. The cash and cash equivalents are held for working capital purposes and other operational activities. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes.

Our cash equivalents and our portfolio of marketable securities are subject to market risk due to changes in interest rates, which could affect our results of operations. Fixed rate securities may have their market value adversely affected due to a rise in interest rates, while floating rate securities may produce less income than expected if interest rates fall. Due in part to these factors, our future investment income may fluctuate due to changes in interest rates or we may suffer losses in principal if we are forced to sell securities that decline in market value due to changes in interest rates. However, because we classify our marketable securities as “available for sale,” no gains or losses are recognized due to changes in interest rates unless such securities are sold prior to maturity or declines in fair value are determined to be other-than-temporary. Our fixed-income portfolio is subject to interest rate risk.

An immediate increase of 100-basis points in interest rates would have resulted in a $88 million market value reduction in our investment portfolio as of January 31, 2026. An immediate decrease of 100-basis points in interest rates would have increased the market value by $90 million as of January 31, 2026. This estimate is based on a sensitivity model that measures market value changes when changes in interest rates occur. Fluctuations in the value of our investment securities caused by a change in interest rates (gains or losses on the carrying value) are recorded in other comprehensive income, and are realized only if we sell the underlying securities.

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VEEVA SYSTEMS INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and Board of Directors

Veeva Systems Inc.:

Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Veeva Systems Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of January 31, 2026 and 2025, the related consolidated statements of comprehensive income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2026, and the related notes (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2026, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of January 31, 2026 and 2025, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended January 31, 2026, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2026 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.

Basis for Opinions

The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

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Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Evaluation of the sufficiency of audit evidence over revenue

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company recorded $3,195 million of tot

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Not applicable.

(a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2026. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of January 31, 2026, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

(b) Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Our management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of January 31, 2026 based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment, our management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of January 31, 2026 to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Our independent registered public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, has issued an audit report with respect to our internal control over financial reporting, which appears in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K.

(c) Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rule 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2026 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

(d) Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

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Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, do not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been or would be detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans

The following table sets forth the material terms of all “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements” (as such term is defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K) adopted or terminated by our Section 16 officers and directors during the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2026:

Except as set forth above, none of our Section 16 officers or directors adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as such terms are defined under Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K) during the fiscal quarter ended January 31, 2026.

Not Applicable.

PART III.