Item 1. Business

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Item 1. Business

We are a Maryland corporation that is primarily engaged in the business of owning and acquiring gaming, hospitality, wellness, entertainment and leisure destinations, subject to long-term triple net leases. As of December 31, 2024, we own 93 experiential assets across a geographically diverse portfolio consisting of 54 gaming properties and 39 other experiential properties across the United States and Canada, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas, MGM Grand and the Venetian Resort Las Vegas (the “Venetian Resort”), three of the most iconic entertainment facilities on the Las Vegas Strip. Our gaming and entertainment facilities are leased to leading brands that seek to drive consumer loyalty and value with guests through superior services, experiences, products and continuous innovation. Across approximately 127 million square feet, our well-maintained properties are currently located across urban, destination and drive-to markets in twenty-six states and Canada, contain approximately 60,300 hotel rooms and feature over 500 restaurants, bars, nightclubs and sportsbooks. As of December 31, 2024, our properties are 100% leased with a weighted average lease term, including extension options, of approximately 40.7 years.

We also have a growing array of real estate and financing partnerships with leading operators in other experiential sectors, including Cabot, Canyon Ranch, Chelsea Piers, Great Wolf Resorts, Homefield, Kalahari Resorts, and Lucky Strike Entertainment. This portfolio includes certain real estate debt investments that we have originated for strategic reasons, primarily in connection with transactions that either do or may provide the potential to convert our investment into the ownership of certain of the underlying real estate in the future. In addition, we own approximately 33 acres of undeveloped or underdeveloped land on and adjacent to the Las Vegas Strip that is leased to Caesars Entertainment, Inc. (together with, as the context requires, its subsidiaries, “Caesars”), which we may look to monetize as appropriate. VICI also owns four championship golf courses located near certain of our properties, two of which are in close proximity to the Las Vegas Strip.

Our portfolio is competitively positioned and well-maintained. Pursuant to the terms of our lease agreements, which require our tenants to invest in our properties, and in line with our tenants’ commitment to build guest loyalty, we anticipate our tenants will continue to make strategic value-enhancing investments in our properties over time, helping to maintain their competitive position. Our long-term triple-net leases provide our tenants with complete control over management at our leased properties, including sole responsibility for all operations and related expenses, including property taxes, insurance and maintenance, repair, improvement and other capital expenditures, as well as over the implementation of environmental sustainability and other initiatives.

We conduct our operations as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income taxes on our taxable income to the extent that we annually distribute all of our net taxable income to stockholders and maintain our qualification as a REIT. We believe VICI’s election of REIT status, combined with the income generation from the lease agreements and loans, will enhance our ability to make distributions to our stockholders, providing investors with current income as well as long-term growth, subject to the macroeconomic environment, other global events and market conditions more broadly. We conduct our real property business through VICI OP and our golf course business through a taxable REIT subsidiary (a “TRS”), VICI Golf LLC (“VICI Golf”).

Our Investment Highlights

Demonstrated track record of growth with significant scale. We have made approximately $37.0 billion of domestic and international investments across gaming and other experiential assets since our formation in October 2017. Following our growth and resulting scale, we were added to the S&P 500 Index in June 2022.
Stable and transparent cash flows by leading operators. Our properties are 100% occupied pursuant to our long-term triple-net lease agreements, which provide us with a predictable level of rental revenue to support future cash distributions to our stockholders, with 100% rent collection since our formation in October 2017. Our tenants are market-leading gaming and experiential operators, with the majority of our rent derived from properties operated by SEC reporting companies, providing transparency into our tenants’ performance and health.
Contractual escalation with inflation protection. All of our lease agreements provide for annual base rent escalations, which may be fixed or variable over the life of the lease. The rent escalation provisions range from providing for a flat annual increase of 1% to 2% to an annual increase of 1% in the earlier years and the greater of 2% or the U.S consumer price index (“CPI”) in the later years, which may be subject to a maximum CPI-based cap with respect to each annual rent increase. Among our leases, 15 of 18 are subject to a CPI-linked escalation over the life of the lease (subject to applicable caps). As of December, 31, 2024, 40% of our annualized rental revenue was subject to CPI-linked escalation.
Mission critical complex real estate**.** Our portfolio benefits from a strong mix of demand generators, including casinos, hotels, restaurants, entertainment facilities, bars and nightclubs and convention space. Our Las Vegas properties, including Caesars Palace Las Vegas, MGM Grand and the Venetian Resort, which are located on the Las Vegas Strip, are among the most iconic entertainment facilities in Las Vegas, featuring gaming entertainment, large-scale hotels, extensive food and beverage options, state-of-the-art convention facilities, retail outlets and entertainment venues. The size, use and location of our real estate drives our tenants’ continued investment into our leased properties, which “same-store” capital improvements we seek to fund in exchange for increased rent through our Partner Property Growth Fund strategy. Additionally, the gaming regulatory environment in which we operate creates a high barrier to entry and limits our tenants’ ability to move locations.
Strategic financing relationships with leading experiential operators. In addition to our relationships with leading gaming operators, we have entered into strategic financing relationships with other experiential operators in sectors such as world-class destination golf resorts and communities, integrative wellness centers, premier sports and entertainment complexes and family-oriented indoor waterpark resorts, which we refer to as our VICI Experiential Credit Solutions strategy. We believe the relationships established through this strategy may lead to additional

mutually beneficial growth opportunities with these industry-leading experiential operators in the future, including the potential to convert certain of our investments into ownership of the underlying real estate.

Our Properties and Lease Agreements

Our experiential portfolio features world-renowned assets on the Las Vegas Strip and market-leading urban, destination and regional properties with significant scale. Our properties are leased to leading operators that seek to drive loyalty and value with guests through superior services, experiences and products and continuous innovation.

We derive a substantial majority of our revenues from rental revenue from the lease agreements for our properties, each of which are “triple-net” leases, pursuant to which the tenant bears responsibility for all property costs and expenses associated with ongoing maintenance and operation, including utilities, property tax and insurance. Our lease agreements are generally long term in nature with initial terms ranging from 15 to 32 years and are generally structured with several tenant renewal options extending the term of the lease for another 5 to 30 years. All of our lease agreements provide for annual base rent escalations, which may be fixed or variable over the life of the lease. The rent escalation provisions range from providing for a flat annual increase of 1% to 2% to an annual increase of 1% in the earlier years and the greater of 2% or CPI in the later years, which may be subject to a maximum CPI-based cap with respect to each annual rent increase. For an overview of the provisions of certain of our lease agreements, including the related capital expenditure requirements, refer to Note 4 - Real Estate Portfolio.

The following tables summarize our lease agreements between us and our respective tenants and guarantors (each, as may be amended from time to time, and each individually, as defined in the column titled “Lease Agreement”) and the properties under each our respective lease agreements, as of the date of this Annual Report.


Lease Agreement (1)	Property	Location	Tenant/Guarantor (2)	Initial Expiration (3)
Gaming Portfolio
Caesars Joliet Lease			Caesars	July 31, 2035
	Harrah’s Joliet (4)	Joliet, IL
Caesars Las Vegas Master Lease			Caesars	July 31, 2035
	Caesars Palace Las Vegas	Las Vegas, NV
	Harrah’s Las Vegas	Las Vegas, NV
Caesars Regional Master Lease			Caesars	July 31, 2035
	Caesars Atlantic City	Atlantic City, NJ
	Harrah’s Atlantic City	Atlantic City, NJ
	Harrah’s Council Bluffs	Council Bluffs, IA
	Harrah’s Gulf Coast (5)	Biloxi, MS
	Harrah’s Lake Tahoe	Stateline, NV
	Harrah’s Laughlin	Laughlin, NV
	Harrah’s Metropolis (5)	Metropolis, IL
	Harrah’s New Orleans (5)	New Orleans, LA
	Harrah’s North Kansas City (5)	North Kansas City, MO
	Harrah’s Philadelphia	Chester, PA
	Harvey’s Lake Tahoe (5)	Stateline, NV
	Horseshoe Bossier City (5)	Bossier City, LA
	Horseshoe Council Bluffs	Council Bluffs, IA
	Horseshoe Hammond (5)	Hammond, IN
	Horseshoe Tunica	Robinsonville, MS
Century Master Lease			Century Casinos, Inc.	September 30, 2038
	Century Casino & Hotel Edmonton (6)	Edmonton, AB
	Century Casino Cape Girardeau	Cape Girardeau, MO
	Century Casino Caruthersville	Caruthersville, MO
	Century Casino St. Albert (6)	Edmonton, AB
	Century Downs Racetrack and Casino (6)	Calgary, AB
	Century Mile Racetrack (5) (6)	Edmonton, AB


Lease Agreement (1)	Property	Location	Tenant/Guarantor (2)	Initial Expiration (3)
	Mountaineer Casino Resort & Racetrack	New Cumberland, WV
	Rocky Gap Casino Resort (5)	Flintstone, MD
CNE Gold Strike Lease			Cherokee Nation Businesses, L.L.C. (“CNB”) (7)	April 30, 2048
	Gold Strike Tunica	Robinsonville, MS
EBCI Southern Indiana Lease			Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (“EBCI”)	August 31, 2036
	Caesars Southern Indiana	Elizabeth, IN
Foundation Master Lease			Foundation Gaming & Entertainment, LLC	December 31, 2037
	Fitz	Robinsonville, MS
	WaterView	Vicksburg, MS
Hard Rock Cincinnati Lease			Seminole Hard Rock International (“Hard Rock”)	December 31, 2047
	Hard Rock Cincinnati	Cincinnati, OH
Hard Rock Mirage Lease			Hard Rock	December 31, 2047
	The Mirage	Las Vegas, NV
JACK Master Lease			JACK Ohio LLC	January 31, 2040
	JACK Cleveland	Cleveland, OH
	JACK Thistledown Racino	North Randall, OH
MGM Master Lease			MGM	April 30, 2047
	Beau Rivage (5)	Biloxi, MS
	Borgata (5)	Atlantic City, NJ
	Empire City	Yonkers, NY
	Excalibur	Las Vegas, NV
	Luxor	Las Vegas, NV
	MGM Grand Detroit	Detroit, MI
	MGM National Harbor (5)	Prince George’s County, MD
	MGM Northfield Park	Northfield, OH
	MGM Springfield	Springfield, MA
	New York - New York/The Park	Las Vegas, NV
	Park MGM	Las Vegas, NV
MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay Lease			MGM	February 28, 2050
	Mandalay Bay	Las Vegas, NV
	MGM Grand	Las Vegas, NV
PENN Greektown Lease			PENN Entertainment, Inc.	May 23, 2034
	Hollywood Casino at Greektown	Detroit, MI
PENN Margaritaville Lease			PENN Entertainment, Inc.	January 31, 2034
	Margaritaville Resort Casino (5)	Bossier City, LA
PURE Master Lease			Indigenous Gaming Partners Inc. (“IGP”) (8)	January 31, 2048
	PURE Casino Calgary (9)	Calgary, AB
	PURE Casino Edmonton (9)	Edmonton, AB
	PURE Casino Lethbridge (9)	Lethbridge, AB
	PURE Casino Yellowhead (9)	Edmonton, AB
Venetian Lease			Funds managed by Apollo Global Management, Inc.	February 29, 2052
	Venetian Resort	Las Vegas, NV
	Total Gaming Portfolio	54


Lease Agreement (1)	Property	Location	Tenant/Guarantor (2)	Initial Expiration (3)
Other Experiential Portfolio
Lucky Strike Master Lease			Lucky Strike Entertainment Corporation (“Lucky Strike Entertainment”) (10)	October 18, 2048
	Bowling Entertainment Centers	Various U.S. Cities (38)
Chelsea Piers Lease			Chelsea Piers	December 31, 2055 (11)
	Chelsea Piers (5)	New York, NY
	Total Other Experiential Portfolio	39

	Total	93

(1) Reflects the lease agreement currently in effect between us and the applicable tenant.

(2) The tenants under our lease agreements are subsidiaries and/or affiliates of the guarantors set forth in this table.

(3) Represents the expiration date assuming no tenant renewal option is exercised.

(4) Owned by Harrah’s Joliet Landco LLC, a joint venture of which a wholly owned subsidiary of VICI LP is the 80% owner and the managing member.

(5) The core property, or a portion thereof, is leased by us pursuant to a ground lease. Rent due under any such ground lease is paid directly by our tenant to the primary landlord pursuant to their respective lease agreement.

(6) Collectively, the “Century Canadian Portfolio”.

(7) CNB is the parent entity of CNE Holdings, LLC also known as Cherokee Nation Entertainment.

(8) IGP is a gaming partnership established by five institutional Nova Scotia-based First Nations (Glooscap First Nation, Millbrook First Nation, Annapolis Valley First Nation, We’koqma’q L’nue’kati, and Paqtnkek Mi’kmaw Nation) to acquire gaming assets in North America.

(9) Collectively, the “PURE Canadian Portfolio”.

(10) Effective December 12, 2024, Bowlero Corporation was rebranded as Lucky Strike Entertainment Corporation.

(11) Subject to a mandatory 10-year tenant extension to the extent all conditions under the applicable ground lease are met.

Our Real Estate Debt Investments

The following is a summary of our investments in real estate debt as of December 31, 2024:


($ In thousands)
Investment Type	Principal Balance		Future Funding Commitments (1)		Weighted Average Interest Rate (2)		Weighted Average Term (3)
Senior Secured Notes	$	85,000	$	—	11.0	%	6.3 years
Senior Secured Loans	684,686		308,776		8.0	%	4.7 years
Mezzanine Loans and Preferred Equity	908,461		239,748		9.2	%	4.1 years
Total	$	1,678,147	$	548,524	8.8	%	4.4 years

(1) Our future funding commitments are subject to our borrowers' compliance with the financial covenants and other applicable provisions of each respective loan agreement.

(2) The weighted average interest rate is based on current outstanding principal balance and SOFR, as applicable for floating rate loans, as of December 31, 2024.

(3) Assumes all extension options are exercised; however, our loans may be repaid, subject to certain conditions, prior to such date.

Our Embedded Growth Pipeline

We have entered into several put-call, call right, right of first refusal and right of first offer agreements, as well as other strategic arrangements, which we believe provide the opportunity for embedded growth as we pursue our future strategic objectives. Each of the transactions contemplated by the following agreements remains subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable agreements, including with respect to due diligence, applicable regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions.

Put-Call Agreements

Caesars Forum Put-Call.** We have a put-call agreement with Caesars with respect to the Caesars Forum Convention Center, which provides for (i) a call right in our favor, which, if exercised, would result in the sale by Caesars to us and simultaneous leaseback by us to Caesars of the Caesars Forum Convention Center, exercisable by us from September 18, 2025 until December 31, 2028, and (ii) a put right in favor of Caesars, which was exercisable by Caesars between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2024. The put right was not exercised by Caesars and terminated as of December 31, 2024.

Call Right Agreements

Canyon Ranch Austin Call Right. We entered into a call right agreement with Canyon Ranch pursuant to which we will have the right to acquire the real estate assets of Canyon Ranch Austin for up to 24 months following stabilization (with the Canyon Ranch Austin Loan balance being settled in connection with the exercise of such call right), which transaction will be structured as a sale leaseback (with the simultaneous entry into a triple-net lease with Canyon Ranch that will have an initial term of 25 years, with eight 5-year tenant renewal options).
Canyon Ranch Lenox and Canyon Ranch Tucson Call Right. We entered into a call right agreement with Canyon Ranch pursuant to which we will have the right to acquire the real estate assets of each of Canyon Ranch Tucson in Tucson, Arizona and Canyon Ranch Lenox in Lenox, Massachusetts, at pre-negotiated terms in a sale-leaseback transaction following stabilization, subject to certain conditions. If the call right(s) are exercised, Canyon Ranch would continue to operate the applicable wellness resort(s) subject to a long-term triple-net master lease with VICI.
Homefield Kansas City Call Right. We entered into a call right agreement with affiliates of Homefield Kansas City (“Homefield”) that provides us with a call option on (i) the Margaritaville Resort in Kansas City, Kansas, (ii) the new Homefield youth sports training facility in Kansas City, Kansas, (iii) the new Homefield baseball center in Kansas City, Kansas, and (iv) the existing Homefield youth sports complex in Olathe, Kansas. If the call right is exercised, all of the properties, including the Margaritaville Resort, will be subject to a single long-term triple net master lease with us.

Right of First Refusal (“ROFR”) and Right of First Offer (“ROFO”) Agreements

Las Vegas Strip Assets ROFR. We have a ROFR agreement with Caesars (the “Las Vegas Strip ROFR Agreement”), pursuant to which we have the first right, with respect to the first two Las Vegas Strip assets described below that Caesars proposes to sell, whether pursuant to a sale leaseback or a sale of the real estate and operations (a “WholeCo sale”), to a third party, to acquire any such asset (it being understood that we will have the opportunity to find an operating company should Caesars elect to pursue a WholeCo sale). The Las Vegas Strip assets subject to the Las Vegas Strip ROFR Agreement are the land and real estate assets associated (i) with respect to the first such asset subject to the Las Vegas Strip ROFR Agreement, the Flamingo Las Vegas, Paris Las Vegas, Planet Hollywood and Bally’s Las Vegas gaming facilities, and (ii) with respect to the second such asset subject to the Las Vegas Strip ROFR Agreement, the foregoing assets still unsold plus The LINQ gaming facility. If we enter into a sale leaseback transaction with Caesars with respect to any of these facilities, the leaseback may be implemented through the addition of such properties to the Las Vegas Master Lease Agreement.
Horseshoe Baltimore ROFR.** We have a ROFR agreement with Caesars pursuant to which we have the first right to enter into a sale leaseback transaction with respect to the land and real estate assets associated with the Horseshoe Baltimore gaming facility.
Caesars Virginia Development ROFR.** We have a ROFR agreement with EBCI and Caesars pursuant to which we have the first right to enter into a sale leaseback transaction with respect to the real property associated with the development of a new casino resort in Danville, Virginia.
Canyon Ranch ROFO.** We have a ROFO agreement with Canyon Ranch with respect to future financing opportunities for Canyon Ranch and certain of its affiliates for the funding of certain facilities (including Canyon Ranch Austin, Canyon Ranch Tucson and Canyon Ranch Lenox, and any other fee owned Canyon Ranch branded wellness resort), until the date that is the earlier of five years from commencement of the Canyon Ranch Austin lease (to the extent applicable) and the date that neither VICI nor any of its affiliates are landlord under such lease, subject to certain specified terms, conditions and exceptions. On July 26, 2023, we entered into a right of first financing agreement pursuant to which we will have the first right, but not the obligation, to serve as the real estate capital financing partner for Canyon Ranch with respect to the acquisition, build-out and/or redevelopment of future greenfield and build-to-suit wellness resorts.
Lucky Strike ROFO.** The Lucky Strike Master Lease contains a ROFO with respect to the real estate assets of any current or future Lucky Strike properties in the event that Lucky Strike elects to enter into a sale-leaseback transaction for such properties during the first eight years of the initial term of the Lucky Strike Master Lease.
Homefield ROFR. We have a ROFR agreement to acquire the real estate of any future Homefield property in a sale leaseback transaction, should Homefield elect to sell such assets.
Indigenous Gaming Partners ROFO.** We have a five-year ROFO on future sale-leaseback transactions with IGP. Any additional properties acquired pursuant to the ROFO will be added to the PURE Master Lease.

Other Embedded Growth Agreements

Cabot Citrus Farms Purchase and Sale Agreement.** We entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Cabot, pursuant to which we will convert a portion of the $120.0 million Cabot Citrus Farms delayed draw development loan into the ownership of certain Cabot Citrus Farms real estate assets and simultaneously enter into a triple-net lease with Cabot that will have an initial term of 25 years, with five 5-year tenant renewal options.

Prior to December 31, 2024, we had certain rights pursuant to a put-call right agreement with Caesars (the “Caesars Indianapolis Put-Call Agreement”) with respect to two gaming facilities in Indiana, Harrah’s Hoosier Park and Horseshoe Indianapolis, whereby either party was able to trigger its respective put or call on the associated land and real estate assets, as applicable, through December 31, 2024. The Caesars Indianapolis Put-Call Agreement was not exercised by either party and terminated on December 31, 2024.

Our Partner Property Growth Fund Strategy

As part of our ongoing dialogue with our tenants, we continually seek opportunities to further our long-term partnerships and pursue our respective strategic objectives. We have entered into certain arrangements, which we collectively refer to as the “Partner Property Growth Fund”, with certain tenants relating to our funding of “same-store” capital improvements, including redevelopment, new construction projects and other property improvements, in exchange for increased rent pursuant to the terms of our existing lease agreements with such tenants (and subject to the specific terms and conditions included in any such agreement). Each of our lease agreements includes provisions that provide a mechanism for us to pursue such opportunities. We continue to evaluate Partner Property Growth Fund opportunities with certain of our tenants from time to time and expect to pursue further investment as one component of our strategic growth plans, consistent with our aim to work collaboratively with such tenants to invest in growth opportunities and capital improvements that achieve mutually beneficial outcomes.

Most recently, on May 1, 2024, we entered into agreements to fund up to $700.0 million of capital investment into the Venetian Resort for several reinvestment projects (the “Venetian Capital Investment”), which funding is earning a return through the addition of incremental rent to the Venetian Lease. The up to $700.0 million of funding through our Partner Property Growth Fund strategy is comprised of $400.0 million that has already been funded and an incremental $300.0 million that the Venetian Resort will have the option, but not the obligation, to draw in whole or in part until November 1, 2026.

The benefits of any Partner Property Growth Fund opportunities will be dependent upon independent decisions made by our tenants with respect to any capital improvement projects and the source of funds for such projects, as well as the total funding ultimately provided under such arrangements and there are no assurances that any Partner Property Growth Fund opportunities will occur on the contemplated terms, including through our financing, or at all. See Item 1A - “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Operations” for additional information.

Our Golf Courses

We own four championship golf courses located near certain of our properties, Rio Secco in Henderson, Nevada, Cascata in Boulder City, Nevada, Chariot Run in Laconia, Indiana and Grand Bear in Saucier, Mississippi (the “Golf Courses”). In addition, Rio Secco and Cascata are in close proximity to the Las Vegas Strip. These golf courses are operated by a third-party golf resort operator, Cabot-Managed Properties, an affiliate of Cabot, pursuant to a golf course management agreement. We have a golf course use agreement (the “Golf Course Use Agreement”) with Caesars which provides them with preferred access and tee times for their guests at our golf courses. As of December 31, 2024, contractual minimum fees under the Golf Course Use Agreement and certain other golf course related agreements with Caesars were $17.2 million per year.

Our Relationship with Caesars and MGM

Caesars and MGM, our two largest tenants representing 39% and 35%, respectively, of our annualized rent as of December 31, 2024, are leading owners and operators of gaming, entertainment and leisure properties. Caesars and MGM maintain a diverse brand portfolio with a wide range of options that appeal to a variety of gaming, sports betting, travel and entertainment consumers.

To govern the ongoing relationship between us and Caesars and us and MGM, in addition to the applicable lease agreements, we have entered into various agreements with Caesars and MGM and/or their subsidiaries as described herein. The summaries presented herein are not complete and are qualified in their entirety by reference to the full text of the applicable agreements, certain of which are included as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Caesars Guaranty. Caesars has executed guaranties with respect to the Caesars Las Vegas Master Lease, the Caesars Regional Master Lease and the Caesars Joliet Lease, guaranteeing the prompt and complete payment and performance in full of: (i) all monetary obligations of the tenants under the Caesars Leases, including all rent and other sums payable by the tenants under the Caesars Leases and any obligation to pay monetary damages in connection with any breach and to pay any indemnification obligations of the tenants under the Caesars Leases, (ii) the performance when due of all other covenants, agreements and requirements to be performed and satisfied by the tenants under the Caesars Leases, and (iii) all monetary obligations under the Golf Course Use Agreement.
MGM Guaranty. MGM has executed guaranties with respect to the MGM Master Lease and MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay Lease guaranteeing the prompt and complete payment and performance in full of all monetary obligations of the tenants under the MGM Master Lease and MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay Lease, including all rent and other sums payable by the tenants under the MGM Master Lease and MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay Lease and any obligation to pay monetary damages in connection with any breach and to pay any indemnification obligations of the tenants under the MGM Master Lease and MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay Lease and the performance when due of all other covenants, agreements and requirements to be performed and satisfied by the tenants under the MGM Master Lease and MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay Lease.
MGM Tax Protection Agreements. We entered into a tax protection agreement with MGM (the “MGM Tax Protection Agreement”) pursuant to which VICI OP has agreed, subject to certain exceptions, for a period of 15 years (subject to early termination under certain circumstances) following the closing of our acquisition of MGM Growth Properties LLC (“MGP”) in April 2022, to indemnify MGM and certain of its subsidiaries (the “Protected Parties”) for certain tax liabilities resulting from (1) the sale, transfer, exchange or other disposition of a property owned directly or indirectly by MGM Growth Properties Operating Partnership LP (“MGP OP”) immediately prior to the closing date of the acquisition of MGP (each, a “Protected Property”), (2) a merger, consolidation, transfer of all assets of, or other significant transaction involving VICI OP pursuant to which the ownership interests of the Protected Parties in VICI OP are required to be exchanged in whole or in part for cash or other property, (3) the failure of VICI OP to maintain approximately $8.5 billion of nonrecourse indebtedness allocable to MGM, which amount may be reduced over time in accordance with the MGM Tax Protection Agreement, and (4) the failure of VICI OP or VICI to comply with certain tax covenants that would impact the tax liabilities of the Protected Parties. In the event that VICI OP or VICI breaches restrictions in the MGM Tax Protection Agreement, VICI OP will be liable for grossed-up tax amounts associated with the income or gain recognized as a result of such breach. In addition, the joint venture that holds the real estate assets of MGM Grand Las Vegas and Mandalay Bay *(“*MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV”) previously entered into a tax protection agreement with MGM with respect to built-in gain and debt maintenance related to MGM Grand Las Vegas and Mandalay Bay, which is effective through mid-2029, and by acquiring MGP in April 2022 and subsequently acquiring the remaining 49.9% interest in the MGM Grand/Mandalay Bay JV in January 2023, we bear any indemnity under this existing tax protection agreement.

Competition

We compete for real property investments with other REITs, gaming companies, investment companies, private equity firms, hedge funds, sovereign funds, lenders and other private investors. In addition, revenues from our properties pursuant to the lease agreements are dependent on the ability of our tenants and operators to compete with other gaming operators in their respective markets. The operators of our properties compete on a local, regional, national and international basis for customers. The gaming industry is characterized by a high degree of competition among a large number of participants, including traditional brick and mortar casinos, video lottery, sweepstakes and poker machines not located in casinos, Native American gaming, emerging varieties of Internet gaming, sports betting and other forms of gaming in the United States.

As a landlord, we compete in the real estate market with numerous developers, owners and acquirors of properties. Some of our competitors may be significantly larger, have greater financial resources and lower costs of capital than we have, have greater economies of scale and have greater name recognition than we do. Increased competition will make it more challenging to identify and successfully capitalize on acquisition opportunities that meet our investment objectives. Our ability to compete is also impacted by national and local economic trends, availability of investment alternatives, availability and cost of capital, construction and renovation costs, existing laws and regulations, new legislation and population trends.

Human Capital Management

As of December 31, 2024, we employed 27 employees, all of which are full-time. All of our employees are employed at VICI LP in support of our primary business as a triple-net lease REIT and are primarily located at our corporate headquarters in New York, New York.

*•*Corporate Culture and Engagement. We are committed to creating and sustaining a positive work environment and corporate culture that fosters trust, cooperation and inclusion, including through the instillation of our core values, which we refer to as the VICI Values, competitive compensation and benefit programs, training and professional development opportunities, corporate giving and community service events and employee involvement in company initiatives. To assist in fulfilling that commitment, we measure our organizational culture, degree of inclusion and employee engagement through, among other things, an annual, independent third-party employee satisfaction survey and periodic pulse surveys, all of which provide management with insights regarding key issues and priorities to maintain and improve the health, well-being and satisfaction of our employees.

Board Oversight****.** Our management reports to the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors on a regular basis, as well as the full Board of Directors, as necessary, to periodically review our human capital management programs, including those relating to employee engagement, employee compensation and benefits, and related matters, such as training and recruiting, retention and hiring practices.
Demographics****.** As of December 31, 2024, 43% of our directors (and 50% of our independent directors), 44% of our employees and 25% of our executive officers were female. Additionally, 50% of the leadership of our Board of Directors were female as of December 31, 2024. Further, 14% of our directors and 26% of our employees identified as members of an ethnic and/or racial minority group.
Compensation and Benefits.** We offer a comprehensive employee benefits package, including a 401(k) plan, medical, dental and vision insurance, disability insurance, life insurance, paid maternity/paternity leave for birth and foster/adoption placements and other parenthood pursuit benefits, wellness, technology and travel stipends, and access to an employee assistance program, including mental health and wellness support services. We also seek to provide differentiated benefits to our employees, such as our Portfolio Experience Benefit, which enables employees to experience our properties with an annual stipend, and our charitable matching program administered through the Groundswell Charitable Giving platform. We continually evaluate existing benefits and explore new or expanded benefits to be responsive to employee feedback and seek to improve employee utilization of available benefits and meaningfully enhance employee benefits over time.
Education, Training and Development.** We invest in employee education, training and development by conducting regular training programs, including our “VICI U” program (formerly VICI 101) and our “Lunch and Learn” seminar series, to educate and advance our employees’ understanding of concepts relevant to our business, led by internal and external subject-matter experts, as well as periodic training opportunities with respect to issues such as compliance, communication and feedback, public speaking and engagement, and anti-harassment and other matters outlined in our Code of Business Conduct. We encourage our employees to pursue professional development through external education and certifications through a broadly applicable and flexible professional development reimbursement policy, and continually focus on enhancing our professional development and performance management processes to provide further development opportunities to our employees. We have also enhanced our performance management processes through our semi-annual performance and career development reviews provided to all of our employees.

Governmental Regulation and Licensing

The ownership, operation and management of gaming and racing facilities are subject to pervasive regulation. Each of our gaming and racing facilities is subject to regulation under the laws, rules, and regulations of the jurisdiction in which it is located. Gaming laws and regulations generally require gaming industry participants to: ensure that unsuitable individuals and organizations have no role in gaming operations; establish and maintain responsible accounting practices and procedures; maintain effective controls over their financial practices, including establishment of minimum procedures for internal fiscal affairs and the safeguarding of assets and revenues; maintain systems for reliable record keeping; file periodic reports with gaming regulators; and ensure that contracts and financial transactions are commercially reasonable, reflect fair market value and are arm’s length transactions.

Gaming laws and regulations primarily impact our business in two respects: (1) our ownership and acquisition of land and buildings in which gaming activities are operated by our tenants; and (2) the operations of our tenants as operators in the gaming industry. Further, many gaming and racing regulatory agencies in the jurisdictions in which our tenants operate require

us and our affiliates to apply for and maintain a finding of suitability or a license as a key business entity or supplier because of our status as landlord. If we, our subsidiaries or the tenants of our properties violate applicable gaming laws, our gaming licenses, or the tenants’ gaming licenses, could be limited, conditioned, suspended or revoked by gaming authorities, and we and any persons involved may face other disciplinary actions, including substantial fines, appointment of a supervisor or conservator to operate our gaming properties, or in some jurisdictions, take title to our gaming assets in the jurisdiction, and under certain circumstances, earnings generated during such appointment could be forfeited to the applicable jurisdictions. Violations of laws in one jurisdiction could result in disciplinary action in other jurisdictions. Finally, the loss or suspension of our gaming licenses could result in a material breach under certain of our leases or an event of default under certain of our indebtedness, including through cross-default provisions in our debt agreements. As a result, violations by us of applicable gaming laws could have a material effect on us.

In addition, various corporate actions and transactions must be reported to and, in some cases, approved by certain gaming authorities, including substantially all material loans, leases, sales of securities (including public offerings) and similar financing transactions, management or consulting agreements and changes in control through merger, consolidation, stock or asset acquisitions, or otherwise.

Our business and the businesses of our tenants are also subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations in addition to gaming regulations. These laws and regulations include, but are not limited to, restrictions and conditions concerning alcoholic beverages, environmental matters, labor and employees, anti-discrimination, health care, currency transactions, taxation, zoning and building codes and marketing and advertising. Such laws and regulations could change or could be interpreted differently in the future, or new laws and regulations could be enacted. Material changes, new laws or regulations, or material differences in interpretations by courts or governmental authorities could adversely affect our operating results.

Environmental Matters

Our properties are subject to environmental laws regulating, among other things, air emissions, wastewater discharges and the handling and disposal of wastes, the utilization of above or underground storage tanks, or properties that include asbestos-containing building materials. Pursuant to federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be required to investigate, remove and/or remediate a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at, or emanating from, such property. Further, under certain circumstances, such owners or operators of real property may be held liable for property damage, personal injury and/or natural resource damage resulting from or arising in connection with such releases, including for damage that occurred prior to our ownership of a property or at a site where the current or previous operator of the property sent wastes for disposal.

Our properties may also be (or in the future become) subject to additional building and zoning laws, ordinances and codes relating to building performance standards, such as those intended to reduce energy and/or greenhouse gas emissions, which we may be subject to as the owner of real estate. Although we do not operate or manage our properties subject to triple-net leases and our tenants are generally contractually responsible for such operating and management costs, we may be held primarily or jointly and severally liable for costs relating to maintaining compliance with such laws, ordinances and codes.

In connection with our real estate ownership, we could be legally responsible for environmental liabilities or costs relating to a release of hazardous substances or other regulated materials at or emanating from such property or compliance with applicable laws, ordinances and codes. The failure to properly maintain compliance with such laws or remediate a property in the event of such release may also adversely affect our ability to lease, sell or rent the property or to borrow funds using the property as collateral. The lease agreements generally obligate our tenants to comply with applicable environmental laws, regulations and ordinances and to indemnify us if their noncompliance results in losses or claims against us, and we expect that any future leases will include the same provisions for other operators. A tenant’s failure to comply could result in fines and penalties or the requirement to undertake corrective actions, which may result in significant costs to the operator and thus adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. We are not aware of any environmental issues that are expected to have a material impact on the operations of any of our properties.

New laws and regulations relating to sustainability and climate change may include specific disclosure requirements or other obligations that may require additional investments and implementation of new practices and reporting processes. Our tenants’ control of our leased properties (which is inherent to the triple-net lease structure) presents challenges with respect to our ability to collect property-level environmental data and metrics and implement sustainability initiatives (including energy and emissions reduction), which may in turn impact our ability to comply with certain regulatory requirements to which we are or may become subject.

Sustainability

We continue to focus on developing our efforts related to implementing and reporting on environmental sustainability efforts at our properties, including our corporate headquarters, our Golf Courses (operated by Cabot-Managed Properties) and our triple-net leased portfolio. We are committed to the improvement of environmental conditions through our business activities within the scope of our capabilities, and we periodically engage with key stakeholders with regard to environmental sustainability priorities, among other things, including through a stakeholder materiality assessment performed in 2023.

Governance and Strategy****.** Our ESG Committee, comprised of employees across multiple functional areas and professional levels, including our Chief Financial Officer and General Counsel, leads our environmental sustainability initiatives (including with respect to climate change). Management retains ultimate responsibility over our environmental sustainability initiatives, engages with the ESG Committee and reports to the Nominating and Governance Committee of our Board of Directors on a quarterly basis, and more frequently as necessary, with respect to environmental sustainability matters. Additionally, we engage a strategic ESG consultant to advise us on our continued enhancement of, among other things, our sustainability performance, our tenant and stakeholder engagement initiatives, and our related reporting (including pursuant to external disclosure frameworks and standards). We continue to progress our ESG program in accordance with an internal multi-year strategic roadmap for the development and implementation of additional initiatives across a broad range of ESG topics, including sustainability initiatives at our golf courses, expanded tenant engagement efforts, greenhouse gas emissions evaluation and reporting, participation in additional evaluation and scoring frameworks, and the development of internal processes to support and facilitate these initiatives.
Golf Courses.** We have implemented recording and reporting protocols through a third-party service provider to facilitate the monitoring of utility data in order to more fully understand the environmental impact of our operations, key drivers and trends with respect to utility usage at each of our courses and identify opportunities to improve sustainability performance, including with respect to energy and water consumption, recycling and waste, and promoting biodiversity. We have also performed energy and water audits and regulatory assessments at each of the Golf Courses to further inform our sustainability initiatives. A portion of capital expenditures at our Golf Courses is allocated to improving the sustainability of the courses, including projects to reduce electricity and fuel usage (and thus, energy usage and emissions), reduce water consumption and improve efficiency, and reduce waste in favor of recycling and repurposing. Pursuant to our management agreement with Cabot-Managed Properties with respect to the Golf Courses, we work in partnership with Cabot-Managed Properties to continue to implement sustainability initiatives at the Golf Courses and improve their environmental performance.
Triple-Net Portfolio.** We continue to pursue tenant engagement initiatives designed to assist us in understanding the environmental impact of our leased properties, collecting environmental sustainability data in order to monitor sustainability metrics throughout our leased property portfolio, and encouraging our tenants to pursue sustainability initiatives in their operations at our leased properties. Our leased properties are leased pursuant to long-term triple-net leases, which provide our tenants with complete control over operations at our leased properties, including the implementation of environmental sustainability initiatives consistent with their business strategies and revenue objectives. Certain of our leases permit us to require the collection or reporting of environmental sustainability data (including pursuant to relevant “green lease” provisions). Although not all of our leases include such provisions, certain of our tenants also report voluntarily regarding such matters, including with respect to, among other things, water, electricity/fuel and energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, waste generation and diversion, green building certifications and the implementation of efficiency measures with respect to the foregoing. Our tenants pursue a broad range of ESG programs and initiatives, such as the implementation of energy, water and waste-related efficiency measures at our properties, on-site renewable energy, operational improvements, and sustainable hospitality programs, and independently report to their respective investors and other stakeholders regarding such efforts. Certain of our tenants, including Caesars and MGM, have also independently set sustainability-related targets with respect to their overall business and portfolio, which include our leased properties.
Climate Change.** We evaluate climate change risk throughout our portfolio, including property-specific physical climate risk assessments in connection with transactional due diligence (and subsequently on a periodic basis) and more broadly with respect to our overall portfolio (including the identification of material risks and the concentration/distribution of such risks across our portfolio). We have shared certain climate risk findings with our tenants to facilitate their independent climate risk management and mitigation efforts in connection with their operations at our properties. We also assess transition-related climate risks, such as potential legal and regulatory, technological, market-based, and reputational impacts, in light of our triple-net lease operating model. With the assistance of an environmental due diligence provider and consultant, we have performed, and expect to continue to perform on a

periodic basis, climate-related risk assessments with respect to our property portfolio. Our most recent climate-related risk analysis performed in early 2025 was comprised of individual property-level risk analyses, multiple climate scenario analyses within our identified time horizons, a regulatory review of active and impending sustainable building regulations, and additional community resilience assessments with respect to certain geographies in which we own multiple properties (such as Las Vegas, Nevada and Atlantic City, New Jersey). We have disclosed our climate change strategy, governance, risk management and certain metrics and targets in alignment with the Task Force on Climate-Related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) guidelines and incorporated climate change-related risk into our enterprise risk management framework.

Investment Policies

Our investment objectives are to increase cash flow from operations, achieve sustainable long-term growth and maximize stockholder value to allow for stable dividends and stock appreciation. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives. Our future investment activities will not be limited to any geographic area or to a specific percentage of our assets. We intend to engage in such future investment activities in a manner that is consistent with our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Investment in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate. Our business is focused primarily on gaming, hospitality, wellness, entertainment and leisure sector properties and activities directly related thereto, which we refer to as “experiential assets”. We believe there are significant, ongoing opportunities to acquire or invest in additional gaming, hospitality, wellness, entertainment and leisure assets, both domestically and internationally. We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income. In addition, we may purchase or lease income-producing commercial and other types of properties for long-term investment, expand and improve the properties we presently own or other acquired properties, or sell such properties, in whole or in part, when circumstances warrant.

We may participate with third parties in property ownership, through joint ventures or other types of co-ownership, and we may engage in such activities in the future if we determine that doing so would be the most effective means of owning or acquiring properties. We do not expect, however, to enter into a joint venture or other partnership arrangement to make an investment that would not otherwise meet our investment policies. We also may acquire real estate or interests in real estate in exchange for the issuance of common stock, preferred stock or options to purchase stock or interests in our subsidiaries, including VICI OP. We may also pursue opportunities to provide mortgage or mezzanine financing, preferred equity investments or other forms of financing for investment in certain situations where such structure provides for strategic growth opportunities and/or partnerships, and may in certain circumstances provide the potential to convert our investment into the ownership of the underlying real estate in a future period.

Equity investments in acquired properties may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or to new indebtedness, which may be incurred in connection with acquiring or refinancing these investments. Principal and interest on our debt will have priority over any dividends with respect to our common stock. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

Investments in Real Estate Debt. We have made, and may continue to make, investments in mortgages or other forms of real estate-related debt, including, without limitation, traditional mortgages, participating or convertible mortgages, mezzanine loans or preferred equity investments; provided, in each case, that such investment is consistent with our qualification as a REIT. These investments are generally made for strategic purposes, including (i) the potential to convert our investment into the ownership of the underlying real estate in a future period, (ii) the opportunity to develop relationships with owners and operators that may lead to other investments in experiential asset classes that fit within our investment policies and objectives and (iii) the ability to make initial investments in experiential asset classes outside of gaming with the goal of increasing our investment activity in these asset classes over time. Investments in real estate-related debt are subject to various risks, including the risk that a borrower may default under certain provisions governing the debt investment and that the collateral securing the investment may not be sufficient to enable us to recover our full investment.
Securities of or Interests in Persons Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Other Issuers. We may invest in securities of other REITs, other entities engaged in real estate activities or securities of other issuers, including for the purpose of exercising control over such entities, subject to the asset tests and gross income tests necessary for our qualification as a REIT. We do not currently have any policy limiting the types of entities in which we may invest or

the proportion of assets to be so invested, whether through acquisition of an entity’s common stock, limited liability or partnership interests, interests in another REIT or entry into a joint venture. We have no current plans to make additional investments in entities that are not engaged in real estate activities. Our investment objectives are to maximize the cash flow of our investments, acquire investments with growth potential and provide cash distributions and long-term capital appreciation to our stockholders through increases in the value of our company. We have not established a specific policy regarding the relative priority of these investment objectives.

Investments in Short-term Commercial Paper and Discount Notes. We may invest our excess cash in short-term investment grade commercial paper as well as discount notes issued by government-sponsored enterprises, including the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation and certain of the Federal Home Loan Banks. These investments generally have original maturities of up to 180 days.

Financing Policies

We expect to employ leverage in our capital structure in amounts that we determine appropriate from time to time. Our Board of Directors has not adopted a policy that limits the total amount of indebtedness that we may incur, but will consider a number of factors in evaluating our level of indebtedness from time to time, as well as the amount of such indebtedness that will be either fixed or variable rate. We are, however, and expect to continue to be, subject to certain indebtedness limitations pursuant to the restrictive covenants of our outstanding indebtedness. We may from time to time modify our debt policy in light of then-current economic conditions, relative availability and costs of debt and equity capital, market values of our properties, general market conditions for debt and equity securities, fluctuations in the market price of our shares of common stock, growth and acquisition opportunities and other factors. If these limits are relaxed, we could potentially become more highly leveraged, resulting in an increased risk of default on our obligations and a related increase in debt service requirements that could adversely affect our financial condition, liquidity and results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders. To the extent that our Board of Directors or management determines that it is necessary to raise additional capital, we may, without stockholder approval, borrow money under the Revolving Credit Facility (as defined in Note 7 - Debt), issue debt or equity securities, including securities senior to our shares, retain earnings (subject to the REIT distribution requirements for U.S. federal income tax purposes), assume indebtedness, obtain mortgage financing on a portion of our owned properties, engage in a joint venture, or employ a combination of these methods.

Intellectual Property

Most of the properties within our portfolio are currently operated and promoted under trademarks and brand names not owned by us. In addition, properties that we may acquire in the future may be operated and promoted under these same trademarks and brand names, or under different trademarks and brand names we do not, or will not, own. During the term that our properties are managed by our tenants, we are reliant on them to maintain and protect the trademarks, brand names and other licensed intellectual property used in the operation or promotion of the leased properties. Operation of the leased properties, as well as our business and financial condition, could be adversely impacted by infringement, invalidation, unauthorized use or litigation affecting any such intellectual property. In addition, if any of our properties are rebranded, it could have a material adverse effect on us, as we may not enjoy comparable recognition or status under a different brand.

Corporate Information

We were initially organized as a limited liability company in the State of Delaware on July 5, 2016 as a wholly owned subsidiary of Caesars Entertainment Operating Company, Inc. (“CEOC”). On May 5, 2017, we subsequently converted to a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland and issued shares of common stock to CEOC as part of our formation transactions, which shares were subsequently transferred by CEOC to our initial stockholders.

Our principal executive offices are located at 535 Madison Avenue, 28th Floor, New York, New York 10022 and our main telephone number at that location is (646) 949-4631. Our website address is www.viciproperties.com. None of the information on, or accessible through, our website or any other website identified herein is incorporated in, or constitutes a part of, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Our electronic filings with the SEC (including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports), including the exhibits, are available free of charge through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with or furnish them to the SEC.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, including statements such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “target,” “can,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities law. Forward-looking statements are based on our current plans, expectations and projections about future events. We therefore caution you against relying on any of these forward-looking statements. They give our expectations about the future and are not guarantees. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance and achievements to materially differ from any future results, performance and achievements expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results, performance and achievements could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements and may be affected by a variety of risks and other factors, including, among others:

the impact of changes in general economic conditions and market developments, including inflation, interest rates, supply chain disruptions, consumer confidence levels, changes in consumer spending, unemployment levels and depressed real estate prices resulting from the severity and duration of any downturn in the U.S. or global economy;
the impact of the changing interest rate environment on us, including our ability to successfully pursue investments in, and acquisitions of, additional properties and to obtain debt financing for such investments at attractive interest rates, or at all;
risks associated with our transactions, including our ability or failure to realize the anticipated benefits thereof;
our dependence on our tenants at our properties and their affiliates that serve as guarantors of the lease payments, and the negative consequences any material adverse effect on their respective businesses could have on us;
the possibility that any transactions may not be consummated on the terms or timeframes contemplated, or at all, including our ability to obtain the financing necessary to complete any acquisitions on the terms we expect in a timely manner, or at all, the ability of the parties to satisfy the conditions set forth in the definitive transaction documents, including the receipt of, or delays in obtaining, governmental and regulatory approvals and consents required to consummate such transactions, or other delays or impediments to completing the transactions;
the anticipated benefits of certain arrangements with certain tenants in connection with our funding of “same store” capital improvements in exchange for increased rent pursuant to the terms of our agreements with such tenants, which we refer to as the Partner Property Growth Fund strategy;
our decision and ability to exercise our purchase rights under our put-call agreements, call agreements, right of first refusal agreements and right of first offer agreements;
our borrowers’ ability to repay their outstanding loan obligations to us;
our dependence on the gaming industry;
our ability to pursue our business and growth strategies may be limited by the requirement that we distribute 90% of our REIT taxable income in order to qualify for taxation as a REIT and that we distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income in order to avoid current entity-level U.S. federal income taxes;
the impact of extensive regulation from gaming and other regulatory authorities;
the ability of our tenants to obtain and maintain regulatory approvals in connection with the operation of our properties, or the imposition of conditions to such regulatory approvals;
the possibility that our tenants may choose not to renew their respective lease agreements following the initial or subsequent terms of the leases;
restrictions on our ability to sell our properties subject to the lease agreements;
our tenants and any guarantors’ historical results may not be a reliable indicator of their future results;
our substantial amount of indebtedness, and ability to service, refinance (at attractive interest rates, or at all), and otherwise fulfill our obligations under such indebtedness;
our historical financial information may not be reliable indicators of our future results of operations, financial condition and cash flows;
the possibility that we identify significant environmental, tax, legal or other issues, including additional costs or liabilities, that materially and adversely impact the value of assets acquired or secured as collateral (or other benefits we expect to receive) in any of our completed transactions;
the impact of changes to tax laws and regulations, including U.S. federal income tax laws or global tax laws;
the impact of changes in governmental or regulatory actions and initiatives;
the possibility of adverse tax consequences as a result of our completed transactions, including tax protection agreements to which we are a party;
increased volatility in our stock price, including as a result of our completed transactions;
our inability to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT;
the impact of climate change, natural disasters, war, political and public health conditions or uncertainty or civil unrest, violence or terrorist activities or threats on our properties, or in areas where our properties are located and changes in economic conditions or heightened travel security and health measures instituted in response to these events;
the loss of the services of key personnel;
the inability to attract, retain and motivate employees;
the costs and liabilities associated with environmental compliance;
failure to establish and maintain an effective system of integrated internal controls;
the risks related to us or our tenants not having adequate insurance to cover potential losses;
our reliance on distributions received from our subsidiaries, including VICI OP, to make distributions to our stockholders;
the potential impact on the amount of our cash distributions if we were to sell any of our properties in the future;
our ability to continue to make distributions to holders of our common stock or maintain anticipated levels of distributions over time;
competition for transaction opportunities, including from other REITs, investment companies, private equity firms and hedge funds, sovereign funds, lenders, gaming companies and other investors that may have greater resources and access to capital and a lower cost of capital or different investment parameters than us; and
additional factors discussed herein and listed from time to time as “Risk Factors” in our filings with the SEC, including without limitation, in our subsequent reports on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K.

Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the risk that actual results, performance and achievements will differ materially from the expectations expressed herein will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in forward-looking statements, the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us.

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