Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

Williams

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Williams’ management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, does not expect that disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e) of the Exchange Act) (Disclosure Controls) or internal control over financial reporting (Internal Controls) will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Williams monitors the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls and makes modifications as necessary; Williams’ intent in this regard is that the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls will be modified as systems change and conditions warrant.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Williams’ Disclosure Controls was performed as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that these Disclosure Controls are effective at a reasonable assurance level.

As disclosed in Note 3 – Acquisitions and Divestitures, Williams acquired Hartree as part of the Gulf Coast Storage Acquisition on January 3, 2024. Hartree’s total revenues constituted approximately 2 percent of total revenues as shown in Williams’ consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. Hartree’s total assets constituted approximately 4 percent of total assets as shown in Williams’ consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024. Williams also acquired Crowheart on November 1, 2024, and its total revenues constituted less than 1 percent of total revenues as shown in Williams’ consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. Crowheart’s total assets constituted approximately 1 percent of total assets as shown in Williams’ consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024. Williams has excluded Hartree’s and Crowheart’s disclosure controls and procedures that are subsumed by their internal control over financial reporting from the scope of management’s assessment of the effectiveness of Williams’ disclosure controls and procedures. This exclusion is in accordance with the guidance issued by the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that an assessment of recent business combinations may be omitted from management’s assessment of internal control over financial reporting for one year following the acquisition.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes during the fourth quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Williams’ Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f) under the Exchange Act). Williams’ internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the board of directors regarding the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Williams’ internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of management and the board of directors; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on Williams’ financial statements.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Under the supervision and with the participation of Williams’ management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, Williams assessed the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2024, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the assessment, which excluded Hartree and Crowheart’s internal control over financial reporting as previously discussed, it was concluded that, at December 31, 2024, Williams’ internal control over financial reporting was effective.

Ernst & Young LLP, Williams’ independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the internal control over financial reporting, as stated in their report which is included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Stockholders and the Board of Directors of

The Williams Companies, Inc.

Opinion on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

We have audited The Williams Companies, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework) (the COSO criteria). In our opinion, The Williams Companies, Inc. (the Company) maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the COSO criteria.

As indicated in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, management’s assessment of and conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting did not include the internal controls of Hartree Cardinal Gas, LLC, Hartree Natural Gas Storage, LLC and Crowheart Energy, LLC, which are included in the 2024 consolidated financial statements of the Company and collectively constituted approximately five percent of total assets as of December 31, 2024. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting of the Company also did not include an evaluation of the internal control over financial reporting of Hartree Cardinal Gas, LLC, Hartree Natural Gas Storage, LLC and Crowheart Energy, LLC.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and the financial statement schedule listed in the index at Item 15(a) and our report dated February 25, 2025 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Tulsa, Oklahoma

February 25, 2025

Transco

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Transco’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, does not expect that the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e) of the Exchange Act) (Disclosure Controls) or internal control over financial reporting (Internal Controls) will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. Transco monitors the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls and makes modifications as necessary; Transco’s intent in this regard is that the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls will be modified as systems change and conditions warrant.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of Transco’s Disclosure Controls was performed as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that these Disclosure Controls are effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes during the fourth quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, Transco’s Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f) under the Exchange Act). Transco’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to management regarding the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. Transco’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that the receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of management; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely

detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on Transco’s financial statements.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Under the supervision and with the participation of Transco’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, Transco assessed the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2024, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the assessment, it was concluded that, at December 31, 2024, Transco’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.

NWP

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

NWP’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, does not expect that the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(e) and 15d - 15(e) of the Exchange Act) (Disclosure Controls) or internal control over financial reporting (Internal Controls) will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the company have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple errors or mistakes. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected. NWP monitors the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls and makes modifications as necessary; NWP’s intent in this regard is that the Disclosure Controls and Internal Controls will be modified as systems change and conditions warrant.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of NWP’s Disclosure Controls was performed as of the end of the period covered by this report. This evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of NWP’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer. Based upon that evaluation, the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that these Disclosure Controls are effective at a reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes during the fourth quarter of 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, NWP’s Internal Control over Financial Reporting.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a - 15(f) and 15d - 15(f) under the Exchange Act). NWP’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to management regarding the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. NWP’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets; (ii) provide

reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorization of management; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of assets that could have a material effect on NWP’s financial statements.

All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations including the possibility of human error and the circumvention or overriding of controls. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.

Under the supervision and with the participation of NWP’s management, including the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, NWP assessed the effectiveness of the internal control over financial reporting at December 31, 2024, based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013). Based on the assessment, it was concluded that, at December 31, 2024, NWP’s internal control over financial reporting was effective.